Countercurrent Mechanism | Loop of Henle | Concentration of urine | Renal Physiology

✨This video is my attempt to simplify the dreaded Countercurrent Mechanism with the Countercurrent Multiplier and the Countercurrent Exchanger. I hope it helps!☀️
🌟What's in this video?
0:00 - Intro
0:23 - Loop of Henle & Vasa Recta
1:49 - Changes in osmolarity through the nephron
4:00 - Countercurrent multiplier (Loop of Henle)
6:48 - Role of ADH & urea
9:00 - Countercurrent exchange (Vasa Recta)
✨ Other videos you may need :
🔅Osmosis : • Osmosis | Osmolarity |...
🔅Proximal Convoluted Tubule : • Proximal Convoluted Tu...
🔅 Loop of Henle (Solute Transport) : • Loop Of Henle | Nephro...
🔅Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting Duct : • Distal Convoluted Tubu...
💫 For more videos like this, subscribe to my channel!
Byte Size Med: / @bytesizemed
📚Factual References & for Further Reading:
- Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology
- Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology
- Openstax Anatomy and Physiology
openstax.org/details/books/an...
- Openstax Biology
openstax.org/details/books/bi...
(The last two are links to open-source references. They are NOT affiliate links)
🌤 Note:
These are just a collection of my notes. So use them the way you would use borrowed notes from a friend. 📝
The images in this video are hand-drawn for illustration and explanation only.✍️ Hence, they may not be anatomically accurate. I am just one person making these videos. If there are any errors, that is unintentional. I try super hard to avoid them. Please let me know if you find any, so it gets clarified for other viewers. Science constantly evolves and changes. New discoveries are made everyday. So some of the information in these videos may become outdated. If you notice that, please let me know so I can update them.
⚡️Disclaimer:
These videos are NOT a substitute for a medical textbook. Textbooks are written by experts (which I do not claim to be), edited, proofread and referenced. Please use them.
The information has been sourced from multiple references as mentioned above. I draw all the pictures myself. But if I have inadvertently infringed on any copyright, that is completely unintentional. I only make these videos to impart education. If I have accidentally violated copyright in any way, do let me know so I can make the necessary changes or give credit to anyone who is owed the same.
These videos are NOT intended for patient education. They are NOT a substitute for diagnosis and treatment by a licensed medical professional. Always seek the advice of a qualified health care provider for any questions you may have regarding any medical condition, so that they can address your individual needs.
🔅They are ONLY meant to help students of medicine and health sciences with studying, and should be used for just that purpose and absolutely nothing else.
Byte Size Med. All Rights Reserved.

[@bytesizemed]

❗Note: There's a clarification at 8:05. During urea recirculation, the THICK ascending limb, the DCT and the cortical collecting duct are all relatively less permeable to urea. The THIN limbs of the loop are more permeable (ascending > descending). Urea enters through the thin limbs and then goes through the rest of the nephron, recirculating through the terminal parts of the nephron.
I hope this helps! :)

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one very important concept should be mentioned is that the blood flows the opposite direction of fluid in loop of Henle. if they move in the same direction, more water would be accumulated in medullary interstitium around descending LOH and dilute the gradient. and also one correction, water is stilll reabsorbed in medullary collecting duct until it reaches equilibrium with medullary interstitium. thats why the opposite blood flow is important as it takes water away

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Can cells tolerate osmolarity of 1200 mosml (the one in the medullary interstitium ) or is it that it wont be forever and this process is dynamic

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