China’s Massive EV Battery Industry: Can the U.S. Catch Up? | WSJ U.S. vs. China
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- Опубліковано 8 чер 2024
- China’s dominance is clear when it comes to powering electric vehicles. The U.S. lags in most steps of the battery-making process, from sourcing raw materials to assembling components.
The U.S. government is spending billions of dollars to take on China’s dominance in EV batteries. WSJ explores whether the U.S. can overcome these disadvantages.
0:00 Of the ten biggest EV battery companies in the world, six are Chinese
0:52 U.S. vs China: final assembly of EV batteries
1:57 U.S. vs China: component production of anodes, cathodes, separators and electrolytes
3:46 U.S. vs China: raw materials processing and separating
4:30 U.S. vs China: raw materials extraction
5:34 Could recycling help the U.S. catch up to China’s battery production output?
U.S. vs. China
This original video series explores the rivalry between the two superpowers’ competing efforts to develop the technologies that are reshaping our world.
#China #EV #WSJ
I advise CTAL founder's daughter not to travel to Canada or US.
😂
LOL
Yeah please don't
But before then, advise yourself on the acronym of the company name so you won't be referring to the wrong person.
@@davehu8829 You laugh. But it is serious stuff. 😁😁😁😁😁
Are they going to ban China ev cuz they can’t compete again?
Yep, no chinese ev have been certified to be sold in the US
no chinese EV company wants to sell @ u.s as when they setup the network, u.s will ban it for national security....
America will ban the importation of Chinese EVs out of concern for National Security --- the go to excuse to do anything
@@GIN.356.A Batteries
"free market" is an idea only when it in US's favor
China doesn’t have a traditional automobile industry who’s lobbying against EV at every opportunity. China went full speed on EV since 2010s
the chinese they couldn't compete against combustion engine vehicles so they went full electric a decade ago.
@@theburden9920 why would they compete in outdated technology that generates more pollution?
China saw the future is electric and went all in. Japan thinks the same but want to build hybrids to bridge the ICE->EV transition. US still thinks bigger engines bigger gas tank and cheaper fuel is the future, before Tesla exist.
@@IAmArray As a Chinese, I think it's more of an energy safety issue. Without imported gasoline, ICE cars will stop running. Without imported lithium, EVs will keep running, although more can't be built.
@@theburden9920 Chinese can design top end combustion engine right now, but they would need to pay a large amount of ip license fee to the traditional automaker company.
CATL should avoid traveling to US or Canada,cos they might get arrested and force the company to sell it to the US company, infact all the big companies where US can't keep up company CEO should avoid US.
That's too late. CATL chairman already stashed away millions outside China and their kids/grand-kids are attending boarding schools and universities in the US like Huawei's daughter, Annabelle. LOL..
@@tooltalk Can you earn money by spreading out these words?
I mean you almost comment everywhere with these nonsense words.
@@howardlee7588 : truth hurts, doesn't it?
@@tooltalk nah, i also want to earn the money. I can design a software to spread the similar simple words. Can you share me the resources? If i can earn the money i can share it with you.😊
@@tooltalk Or are you also a language logical system?
sometimes you look not like a human, and your name is tooltalk.
I work in a startup battery plant in TN. We are building electrode materials in house, ordering all equipment from Chinese vendors, and I can confirm we experience every issue in this video.
China is already starting banning export of solar manufacturing tech, at some point they can very well ban export of battery equipment.
If the equipment works good, then i dont see an issue
Borther,
I believe things are moving faster in China
@@paniniman6524 like buying a box of lego, you build it then claim it's your own product...
Yes, CCPchina is moving fast towards self-destruction of pollution and contamination.
Its not just about building batteries, you need to have customers to sell those batteries to, and China is both the world's largest auto market and the world's biggest EV market, by far.
Japan and South Korea used to get around small domestic market by exporting to the US, but senile American politicians still mentally live in a world where the US has the largest market, and between open hostility toward China and IRA against Europe, basically killed any prospect of American batteries being exported anywhere, guaranteeing any effort to make batteries in the US will commercially fail and rely on subsidies forever.
the us not realizing free trade allowed us to win the cold war will be our downfall imo
The US doesn't rely on export driven growth and batteries are pain to export/import anyways. In our era, most battery inventions at the chemistry-level atleast took place in the US/Canada but conventional globalism thinking said that such high input cost and low margin business be commercialised by regions with cheap labour costs/currency. The inflation reduction act is important for pushing the many great start-ups and scientists to build locally rather than licensing away tech to the benefit of Asia like during the globalism era. It is also very protectionist against China specifically, as people forget China banned Japanese/Korean battery companies from being able to operate locally last decade inorder to nurture a homegrown industry.
@@edwardr8826 US used to not need export because US used to be the world's largest market, this isn't that world anymore.
Also look at Ford's Michigan plant, it's China that has all the technology now, it's Ford that wants to licence Chinese technology and it's the Chinese government that's not letting CATL do so.
Americans are playing soccer not realizing it's the second half, the sides are swapped and they're scoring on themselves.
@@edwardr8826 Stop your bs about Chinese government banning foreign battery companies in China..
Panasonic and LG give a jolt to China's EV battery market ( Nikkei news December 20 2018)
Beijing's loosening rules prompt fresh investment from foreign players
@@edwardr8826 wdym the US doesn't grow on exports? Literally any American company that sells stuff overseas is an export. Any bank that conducts deals overseas is an export. Any download of Facebook is an export. Exports and imports aren't just about physical goods, it's about the flow of money. One of Australia's greatest exports are college diplomas
Just do what you've done before. Can't compete? Ban it.
Yes, just like how china bans foreign companies to protect their own lol
Gonna ban Chinese vehicles just like how they are trying to ban TikTok 😂
That'll just get GM and Ford nationalized in China and GM sells more cars in China than they do the US. Americans spend far too much time thinking of how to sanction China and far too little time thinking about how what to do when China sanctions them.
Honestly, ridiculous, anything that's competitive against US or western products, they will ban and say it's a security threat.
more like how China banned Japanese/South Korean EV battery makers.
@@tooltalk China did not ban Japanese/South Korean makers. Japanese/South Korean EV battery makers are just not as good in quality as Chinese batteries.
@@peter238 : >> Japanese/South Korean EV battery makers are just not as good in quality as Chinese batteries.
Developing technology is about solving problems and producing good products, it is funny it is about challenging other”s dominance like in US
USA No.1!
>> , it is funny it is about challenging other”s dominance like in US
The military industry has been the leading factor in technology advancement for some time now. It's always been about dominance.
In the years China developed a mass EV battery industry, the US developed a much more sophisticated system of using pronouns.
lol
And having developed a medical form specific for gender indication with eleven or more choices.
is this real or just an exaggerated sarcasm?
@@ye7612 real. Social movement. Supreme Court decisions. State debates. Evidence of what a developed nation would care while a developing nation would not.
America win🎉
A lot of the cause of the US lagging China in this area is irrational opposition to EVs on the right and irrational opposition to mining on the left.
🥲tyranny of the minority....
Problem with American politics today is that everyone wants 100% of what they want without bearing any consequence.
The US oil and gas companies wanted to protect their profits. China has always lagged behind in engines and can't feasibly catch up as long as everyone else is pushing the envelope, so investing in new battery tech in time of a paradigm shift was the way to go.
"Irrational mining"... Nice try! There's no "rational mining". You pay the price when you remove material from the ground.
Mining IS a very destructive process. Do you want in your backyard? Polluting your rivers?
No wonder your idol Elon Musk moved to Texas:
"Texas Residents Blast Elon Musk’s Boring Company’s Plan To Dump Wastewater Into The Colorado River".
green people tell us mining is bad for environment 😁
another national security issue I guess 😂
The simple answer is no. You can't even build affordable homes in the US.
I know people who still go around claiming China is copying the west 😂
China has been copying and poaching engineers from South Korea and Japan. And the South Korean trio and Panasonic are already in the US. China claims LFPs as their own, but they are so much easier to make -- therefore, much cheaper too.
true
@@alanssshh good thing for them that China is not copying our trains.
I mean… they do copy but not as much anymore. US still leads in many areas of tech
@@youngz13o American try to steal 5G and hypersonic missiles and failed
Only if everyone can work together to build for a better future...
obviously Nicole and Cobalt battery is national security threat
China is leading the way in EV technology! Great news for the environment!
Yea, go ask the children mining it in the Congo
And they are the country that uses the most Coal to make them
@@apsmith1635china is the leaderbin renewable energy too
@@sammarsh9197 Boy jobs are jobs, the US is currently changing their laws to make child labor legal.
@@yume6532 any proof or are you a liar ?
One more thing to add to the American anxiety.
Americans are taught to look for "spies" under their beds and even a stray weather balloon is shot down with a $400,000 missile, followed by the shoot down of another 3 balloons. How come there is no news from the U.S. labs analyzing the remnants of the balloon? A nothing burger??? Trigger happy Americans!
What's not mentioned is Standard setting.
Chinese battery makers like CATL is developing modular swappable batteries, for eg. if your battery is 75% full, but you need to travel long distance.
Swapping the whole battery is wasteful, so CATL's future batteries can swap the 25% empty battery at the station and essentially "fill" your EV up to 100% charge.
This requires deep cooperation with car makers, in setting up a standard, once that is establish, it will be impossible for US company to compete.
Swapping is a lost cause.
@@neeljavia2965 Not everyone in Chinese cities can have a charger, necessity is the mother of all inventions, this is especially true if you want to completely replace ICE cars
@@neeljavia2965 in the US yes
Niio been doing that....
@@neeljavia2965 Agree. Tesla v4 Supercharger can charge to 90% in 15 minutes.
The US’s definition for Fairness is The US takes advantage.
I would much rather see an "EV battery dominance" war than any kind that would benefit the miliary industrial complex.
Many U.S. politicians and media often play up how highly polluting the production of raw materials for battery refining, yet in reality they are not very polluting, both phosphorus and lithium are extremely high content of materials within the earth's crust. And the U.S. production of common shale gas, shale oil, for example, not only wastes a lot of water, but also will pollute the soil and groundwater, but few U.S. media and politicians will mention him.
America's medias are controlled or can be bought.
I love how China can challenge US dominance
They can but they won't do that because it's a zero-sum game.
You shouldnt. They produce so much stuff because they exploit their workers.
@@spider6660zero-sum in what sense. I bet there are ways to look at it where this perspective changes
@@spider6660 Agree with you. You cannot imagine how crazy Anglo Saxon would be.
except that EV battery was never of America's domain of expertise, though they made seminal contributions early on (in the 60's - 70's) -- that belongs to Japan and South Korea. That's also why the South Korean trio, LG Chem, SK Innovation, and Samsung SDI, and Japanese, Panasonic, are buiding battery plants in the US.
China likewise was behind and still lags 3-4 years in NMC. China banned Japan/South Korea from their market several years ago to protect their market against foreign competition.
Is Maxwell dry manufacturing process compatible with LFP or does it only work with NCA batteries?
the interesting thing is BOTH dry and wet battery manufacturing processes are thriving in china with different types of batteries. CATL has both for instance... So does the second biggest maker in china.
Salton and Sea in California is a game changer
In your “processing” segment at about 0:50, you showed a forklift powered by propane, whereas an electric one (even with an AGM battery rather than more current chemistries like in the video) would have been more appropriate.
When most main markets around the world turns to EVs in next ten years, the cost of gas cars supply chain would be too hight to afford for NA market. US will lose everything it has right now.
Yes, the US will just ban Chinese batteries and blame it on national security 😂
just like that $5 pair of slippers i got, spying on my movements everywhere.🤣
the chinese do vice versa though, actually using that excuse (but not on battery)
EV Batteries will NOT end up in landfills (your video dispels this myth). In addition to Ascend, there is Redwood Materials (one of Teslas co-founders) and Li-Cycle (publicly traded). It will take many years for there to be enough old EVs, but with time they will be profitable 💰!
Li-cycle opened a plant in Tuscaloosa
@@zachsmith3376 Arizona also
LFP batteries are not fully recyclable
It's much better if governments subsidize the more ecofriendly battery chemistries.
Thanks, really interesting, but this should really be turned into a 1 hour comprehensive analysis!
yes, one with facts
@@trobinson14kcand where exactly is the lie?
EV makers should be _required_ to implement battery recycling programs themselves and include that as part of the full lifecycle cost in the sticker price of a vehicle.
But we dont require a similar system for internal combustion cars
@@johnsamuel1999 we should require that for all cars
Imagine if everything you bought had to have some type of sticker price added to it for some form of recycling or lifecycle. In the end, it just ends up in the landfill anyways on a never ending assembly line where they never get to recycling the product and it ends up in a landfill.
@@johnsamuel1999Because we already recycle the iron and aluminium found in combustion engines.
Good luck saying that to Chinese companies.
There's no doubt that US is technologically capable of making EV batteries. The only challenge is that how economically competitive it would be.
Does this battery link to wifi？
Thats why Other companies or countries dont rely on American company for EV batteries, because for its simple reason.. avoiding geopolitical concern that would band or tariff which may lead to shortages in companies production.
It is a blessing in disguise to the environment the. US doesn't have the materials to make batteries, and is forced to focus on R&D in recycling. Hope can scale it up for whole world to follow.
The United States is facing significant challenges in raw material processing for the electric vehicle (EV) battery industry. China currently holds a dominant position in the global supply chain for EV batteries, from raw material processing to parts production.
One of the challenges faced by the United States is bureaucracy, including regulatory and environmental hurdles, which can hinder the establishment of chemical processing facilities and mining operations for raw materials. Local opposition and labor and supply chain issues can also pose challenges to the development of domestic mines and processing facilities. Additionally, most of the minerals used in EV batteries are imported from other countries, such as Australia, Indonesia, and Congo, which further complicates the supply chain for the U.S.
Efforts are being made to address these challenges and promote domestic EV battery production in the United States. The U.S. government has introduced policies such as tax credits and subsidies to encourage battery manufacturing facilities. Some U.S. automakers are also partnering with battery manufacturers or investing in their own battery production facilities to gain more control over their supply chains.
In addition, there is a growing focus on alternative sources of materials, such as recycling used batteries and extracting valuable metals. However, scalability and efficiency of these processes can be limitations. Research and development (R&D) investments are needed to further advance recycling technologies and improve the circular economy for EV batteries.
To establish itself as a leader in the EV battery industry, the United States needs significant investments in R&D, infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks to overcome the challenges it faces. This includes addressing environmental objections, obtaining necessary permits, and building strong international partnerships for raw material procurement. Collaborative efforts among government, industry, and other stakeholders will be critical to drive innovation, overcome barriers, and catch up to China's dominance in the EV battery industry.
In conclusion, the United States faces challenges in various stages of EV battery production, particularly in raw material processing, and efforts are being made to boost domestic production. However, significant investments, innovation, and collaborative efforts are needed to overcome these challenges and establish the United States as a leader in the EV battery industry, challenging China's current dominance.
米国にとっての別の課題は、原材料の処理です。 現在、米国はこれをほとんど行っておらず、中国が世界のリーダーとなっています。 米国での化学処理施設の建設は、官僚主義、地元の反対、労働力やサプライチェーンの問題により、複雑になる可能性があります。 さらに、EVバッテリーに使用される鉱物のほとんどは、米国や中国では採掘されず、オーストラリア、インドネシア、コンゴなどの他の国から輸入されています。 中国はこれらの国々と強固な関係を築き、原材料の安定供給を確保しており、米国は国内での新しい鉱山の建設や国際的なパートナーシップの構築を試みています。 しかし、どちらのアプローチにも、環境への反対や許可取得の難しさなどの課題があります。
一部の企業は、使用済みバッテリーを回収してリサイクルし、貴重な金属を抽出するなど、材料の代替ソースを探しています。 しかしこのアプローチには、スケーラビリティや効率の面での制限があります。 全体として、米国は、EVバッテリー産業における中国の優位性に対抗するという大きな課題に直面しています。特に、部品の生産や原材料の加工など、サプライチェーンの初期段階で顕著です。
これらの課題にもかかわらず、米国ではEVバッテリーの生産を促進するための努力が行われています。 たとえば、米国政府は、税額控除やバッテリー製造施設への助成金など、EVバッテリーの国内生産を奨励する政策を導入しています。 一部の米国の自動車メーカーは、バッテリーメーカーと提携したり、自社のバッテリー生産施設に投資して、サプライチェーンをさらに管理したりしています。
中国が現在、世界のEVバッテリー業界を支配しており、一方で米国は遅れを取り、外国のバッテリーに大きく依存しています。米国は、中国の業界支配に追いつくために、EVバッテリー生産のさまざまな段階での課題に直面しています。国内のEVバッテリー生産を促進するための努力はなされていますが、中国の地位に挑戦し、EVバッテリー業界のリーダーとしての地位を確立するには、多額の投資とイノベーションが必要です。規制や環境に関する課題を克服することが重要です。これにより、中国の優位性に追いつくことができるでしょう。また、コンポーネントの生産や原材料の加工、調達などのバッテリー生産のサプライチェーンに関しても、取り組む必要があります。米国が中国の業界支配に対抗し、EVバッテリー産業のリーダーとしての地位を確立するには、研究開発、インフラストラクチャ、規制および環境の課題を克服するために多額の投資が必要とされます。
US can definitely challenge China if they impose sanctions on high tech such as chips that are used in car makers. at this moment, it maybe difficult as car makers need only 28 nm chips, but car industries would upgrade, high end chips would be used in next auto driving generation. sanction would force chinese car out of mid/high range market share. plus some forced exclusive global rules
@@wonderland2016 Absolutely not. Chinese companies makes everything in the supply chain.
@@wonderland2016 China can just use their own 7nm chips
@@wonderland2016china doesn’t produce high quality chips.
Just a random thought. It is easy to foul up US battery plan. Someone can fund some American environmental groups who are against the mining and processing of the materials for making EV batteries. Litigations can take many years tying up the plan for a long time.
This tactic has been used by Hong Kong "activist" to delay the construction of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.
Quantumscape will with it's solid state battery
Chinese people didn't have any Nobel Chemistry owners, but they have dominance in battery and active pharmaceutical ingredients industries.
Ioneer Ltd is trying to fix this with a Lithium facility at Nevada.
Make a video on quantum generator patent..
USA without Asia is nothing. Change my mind.
USA can devalue it's currency and if 1 dollar ever equals 1 yuan it's over for China.
The us without the middle east is also nothing. No revenue for the war machines
💯
Yet US is a white dominant country
The people who made this video just don't understand batteries and the difference between NCM and LFP.
short answer is no
You gotta start somewhere!
What challenges??
According to bbc CNN cbc skynews, China has been collapsing for decades!!😂😂😂😂😂
Battery Production is considered as hazardous and the wiser choose not to go for it as indirect cost associated with recycling is much higher than producing it locally. GM exported then produced EV to China which was highly unpopular comes with numerous manufacturing faults.
US inventors were in favor of FinTech rather than making batteries. Moving money around is the easiest way to make even more money when you are rich.
Who was the 22 yr old they spent so much camera time on?
You can't never take my gas stove!!
Most lithium areas are Chile desert and Australia deserts
Warren Buffett, GM and others looking into lithium as a byproduct using geothermal energy Salton sea. Geothermal electric plant powers cities but lots of lithium brine which can be harvested
looking at the f150 ligthing production line with cab immobile while a worker without much tool working on it with their hand at shoulder high or above...
being mostly used to see Tesla production line i understand why ford is loosing money on their ev. It really look like a compagnie mostly run by it's worker union afraid of robot and automatisation
Better to do it right than fast. Apart from bragging rights, there is no need to move so fast into electrification. The world isn't going to end if we take the time to transition more naturally, by taking into account the various interests involved (labour, safety, environment, quality, etc)
The US has plans to destroy the Atiwa Forest in Ghana because it has Lithium reserves. It's a biodiverse tropical rain forest and is the source for a number of important rivers.
This is financial advice and I never give financial advice: DONT LEAVE DURING THE BEAR. If you don’t want to invest…learn. If you don’t want to learn…build. If you don’t want to build observe. DO SOMETHING…other than leave. There is so much opportunity here. Take advantage!
Just because there are opportunities in the market doesn’t mean you should go in blindly. To understand the potential factors that contribute to your financial growth, I'll advise you to seek the help of a professional.
most of the tech firms are in asia
I hope US and other countries combine to set up manufacturing plants and R&D funding to make supply more diversified.
Yes I agree especially when it comes to semicon machines!
you really do think the other countries like American?LOL
China is the largest consumer market and the largest EV market. So your imagined end product will be a failed cause. 1.4 billion population with high ratio of STEM degree, it will soon become largest consumer market for almost everything. 😂
Well, what's the point? We had a good system, free trade, US is the one banning and sanctioning others, causing this supply chain problem. Making the supply more diversified? How about stop banning others?
other countries, lol
But the Chinese-built battery lacks democracy.
Hahahahaha
Within 10 hours!
I don’t think so
TOP G
Ghana *or* Africa?
Batteries, the new oil.
If our railroads are dumping chemicals all over residences , and our chemical and processing plants are going up in flames, why start more chemical plants? Are you trying to build back broke?
We have all these minerals in Kenya and Congo is just a few hundred kilometers away. Labor is very cheap and available and regulations are more relaxed. Why can't the US build their production plants in a country like mine?
US does not invest in Africa. US just wants to loan money to Africa at higher interest than China does. China actually builds infrastructure in Africa.
No not a chance
I like how they describe this video as if we were kids and we need to know what ABC is and what is 123 😂
Today one big battery cost $1.5 , i stop using my flashlight.
Why worry! America is the innovative power house! America is number I
😂😂😂😂
This is the stark difference btw Strategic Long Term Planning vs Chaotic "Democratic" Debating + Interest Group Battling!
Lol! Milk my friend... milk!
When it comes to batteries, the US vs China are like David vs Goliath. The US seems weak, but with Tesla, Musk and many innovative companies, the future is just like history, David defeated Goliath. KAG!
450,000 oil refineries world wide located in cities causing 50% air pollution.
This is another "national security concern."
No
USA forgot to
Build USA battery factories! All USA EV profit goes to 3rd party EV battery manufacturers in Korea and China
Ha: Legacey auto is still running around trying to catch it's tail....
Price is king. If they are price cheaper or equal to chinese battery then they will sell well.
CATL is basically TSMC but for EV batteries
not really... there are alternatives for CATL, but no alternatives for TSMC
@@johnsmith-cw3wo the only alternative I can think of is BYD. The rest are just bad.
And TSMC do have alternative. Samsung and Intel is other example. Although Intel is fallen behind a bit
@@Rex-ww4cw Intel can't make 7nm work with EUV, there are mainland chinese companies that managed to get 7nm with DUV.
@@Rex-ww4cw : CATL and BYD will be #1 and #2 in China; LG Chem, SKI, Samsung SDI will be #1, #2, #3 in the US and the rest of the world (outside China).
@@tooltalkdid you check south america, africa, russia, middle east...? Or only the white countries count?
The U.S. can’t catch up! The revisions hamstrings any company to death. Wishful thinking
That's kind of incorrect. East Asian nations are all 10 in that list. There are also makers from America which have industry leading or near industry leading batteries which just aren't huge sellers. So, your entire video is misleading.
Within 39,500 views!
No.
Hundreds of million American babies: China copies American Ev batteries tech 😂
Better hybrids
We're addicted to oil , and the whole military industrial complex business is oil
They invested in african mines decades ago when no one was even bothered about it, they concentrate on long term plans and now they are getting their reward.
_"US playing catch-up"_
#NoComment
U.S. playing catch up by suppressing and banning others rather than through innovation and competition
@@KayyHong : >> ... U.S. playing catch up by suppressing and banning others ...
USA grew for decades on the backs of global talents coming to USA for study and work. It's sad to see US is no longer a choice for global best talents. Politics and woke idealogy is too much to handle. Thank yi🎉
In two years we'll be seeing reports that the world can't source enough minerals for this.
I think auto companies and politicians will quietly back away from electric cars. They'll stop talking about them, quietly shut down plants or retool them. It's not happening. The only reason they're trying to make EVs happen is because overpaid millennials throw money at EV stock and they want a piece. When the truth comes out, they are gone.
Challenge China's EV batteries? Yes of course, only in your ........dream. Dream on.
In US, you have a lot of noises, protests, etc. In China, as long as it’s benefiting the economy, China will do it
NO, more importantly, US lacks education and talents, and technology
Humanity gains more when we seek win:wins, rather than a zero-sum game.
American never want other countries living better
@@alanssshh : >> American never want other countries living better
It's probably too late. But the US could try. If it wanted to.
LFP batteries no cobalt and nickel. Newest LFP M3P battery almost 20% more range. LFP love 100% charges and last longer than lithium ion(NCM/NCA) almost one million mile batteries
In a country like Ghana or Africa????
Why can't two superpowers just cooperate instead of competing? The world would benefit more.
One makes weapons with software and chips the other provides.
美国是霸权主义国家，不会容许的
Never the sky is closer to usa than catching up with china. Ha ha ha
China largest importer raw materials. China refined the most materials also. From rice paddies to
2nd superpower in just 70 years
Tesla building a lithium refinery in Texas