Cyrus the Great: The Battle of Thymbra, 547 BC ⚔️
Вставка
- Опубліковано 5 чер 2024
- Go to establishedtitles.com/HOH10 and help support the channel. They are now running a massive Black Friday Sale, plus 10% off on any purchase with code HOH10. Thanks to Established Titles for sponsoring this video!
The Battle of Thymbra was a pivotal moment in the history of the ancient world. It was fought between the Persian Empire and the combined forces of the Greek city-states in 547 BC. The Persians, led by King Cyrus the Great, were attempting to expand their territory and conquer the Greeks. The Greeks, however, were determined to defend their land and freedom.
The battle was fought on the plains of Thymbra, near the city of Sardis in what is now western Turkey. The Persian army was larger and better equipped than the Greeks, but the Greeks were able to use their superior tactics and training to gain the upper hand. The Persian forces were eventually routed and forced to retreat.
The victory at Thymbra was a turning point in the war and helped pave the way for the eventual Greek victory over the Persians. It also established the city-states of Greece as a major power in the region and marked the beginning of the rise of classical Greek civilization.
Consider supporting HoH:
►Patreon: / houseofhistory
►Become a channel member:
/ @hoh
►Leave a tip: www.paypal.me/HouseofHistory
Check out House of History: the Podcast
►iTunes: podcasts.apple.com/podcast/ho...
►Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/71f9cyl...
Socials:
►Check out my blog: www.houseofhistory.co
►My Twitter: / oscar_hoh
Like the charts in the background? Visit usefulcharts.com/?aff=22 and use the code "HOUSEOFHISTORY" for 10% off!
🧾 Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
2:03 Sponsorship
3:20 Achaemenid Empire Expansion
7:50 The Battle of Thymbra
10:57 Aftermath
Watch my documentary series:
►Battles and History of Prussia: • Prussian Battles
►End of Empire - Downfall of the Qing Dynasty playlist: • End of Empire - China'...
►World War 2 playlist: • World War 2
Thank you for taking the time to check out House of History, I hope you will find the films informative, interesting and enjoyable!
If you have any feedback, questions or criticism feel free to leave a comment. Your opinion truly aids me in improving the content of the channel! If you have a question, feel free to leave a comment and I will either write a reply, answer your question in a Q&A video, or make an entire video about it!
📚 Sources:
Written by House of History
🎵 Music courtesy of www.epidemicsound.com
🖼 Photos, paintings and imagery: Public Domain, Wikicommons
#HouseofHistory #History
*Fun Fact:* Cyrus founded the Achaemenid Empire around the same year the Greeks stopped colonizing territories, the Roman king Servius Tullius annexed to the city of Rome all the territories occupied by the Seven Hills, Mago I took control of Carthage and started the glorious era of that civilization, and Siddhartha Gautama was reborn as Buddha and created Buddhism. What a time to be alive...
What a wonderful piece of knowledge to know!🤌🏽 I didn’t know this before
There's a conspiracy theory that Buddha was Prince Bardia, son of Cyrus who reigned for a brief time and then left the throne to wander east.
I have to check this out... 😀
This time is also talked about in the Bible
Aryan/"Iranian" supremacy is the only truth.
Dude I just wanted to look up the campaigns of Cyrus and now you came!
Please keep reading my mind :)
I love reading about Cyrus the Great. He's one great figure in history. And his top general Harpogos was probably the best the general the Achaemenid Persians ever had. great video.
Cyrus the Great himself is one of the best military commander in history
@@yaqubleis6311---I that's what you want to believe then that's your choice. Not mine.
@@brokenbridge6316 Cyrus the Great is one of best military commanders and ruler in history Cyrus the Great was brilliant military strategist, Cyrus vanquished the king of the Medes, then integrated all the Iranian tribes, whose skill at fighting on horseback gave his army great mobility. His triumph over Lydia, in Asia Minor near the Aegean Sea, filled his treasury with that country’s tremendous wealth. In principles of military strategy emerged at least as far back as 500 BC in the works of Sun Tzu and Chanakya. The campaigns of Alexander the Great, Chandragupta Maurya, Hannibal, Qin Shi Huang, Julius Cæsar, Zhuge Liang, Khalid ibn al-Walid and, in particular Cyrus the Great IN PARTICULAR CYRUS THE GREAT Cyrus the Great could possibly be the best military commander in history and not only Cyrus one of the best military commander and conqueror in history but he was also the most complete leader in history he had no weaknesses let’s me tell you why there are many ways to identify a great leader. Some leaders were great conquerers and military geniuses, able to establish Empires against all odds some leaders have built systems of government that truly stood the test of time some leaders have overseen times of great change in culture and ideology, perhaps even being drivers of this change themselves Cyrus the Great was all of these Cyrus the Great was military commander and conqueror like Alexander the Great but built systems of government and was ruler like Augustus
@@brokenbridge6316 When you making list of the best military commanders in history Cyrus the Great is definitely top 10 with Alexander, Timur , Napoleon, Khalid, Hannibal and others
@@yaqubleis6311---Great ruler for sure. But Harpogos was what made most of the military stuff happen for his king and that's a fact. Now I'm washing my hands of this conversation. Because I've got better things to do than listen to you.
As an Iranian, I've never enjoyed this part of the history and battle in any channel as I enjoyed yours. Many thanks for your effort to depict the history beautifully.
The result of the battle of Pteria can be considered a tactical victory for the Iranians
Though both sides took heavy casualties, Cyrus army was smaller and despite the heavy casualties, he prevented the Lydian invasion and the Lydian army retreated back to Lydia while Cyrus, took the fight to the Lydians in the winter, after receiving some reinforcements and even then, he was still outnumbered 2 to 1 but won at the battle of Thymbra
Battle of Thymbra Cyrus the Great was outnumbered 1 to 3 still won in best way possible
@@yaqubleis6311 How was he outnumbered 3 to 1 ? Cyrus had 50,000 soldiers and Croesus had 100,000
@@ramtin5152 Cyrus the Great army was less than 50 k was more like 30 k
great job, as always
You keep on producing such great videos. Thanks again.
Amazing video. Thank you for all the hard work you put on on all of the videos! The sponsor of this video Establised Titles is an exposed scam like another user here on comments pointed out.
I do love the addition of the speech bubble narrative to the map animations in your videos, its a nice touch
the beginning of video, the sounds, just fits perfect with era. Also the map, wow, masterpiece!
Sponsor is a scam. You can’t buy a title in Scotland with such a small plot.
You can't even buy the plot, they can't legally give you ownership of said land, too small and of undescribed use. After they "sell" you the plot, they still remain owners of said plot.
ua-cam.com/video/p2W2TJZYHsw/v-deo.html&ab_channel=ScottShafer
Established titles doesn't sell land, bestow titles or plant trees.
Great video as always HOH!
Thanks for stopping by!
great video! :D
Great video! Grat!
Definitely my favorite history youtuber!
Awesome vid, as usual. You should though, i think, read History Marche's post about your sponsor, and why he refuses their money now. Those scammers have done enough damage...
Great video, however you need to reconsider your sponsorship since established titles are a scam
imagine cyrus watching alexander taking over achaemenid empire
EXCELLENT
Nice timeperiod, not much is known about Cyrus, thanks!
Can you make video about Georgian golden age, and battle of Didgori?
Keep your friends AND family closer.
Google Earth like maps are informitive about these and every other campaign on these lands. Thank you.
8:13 the scroll on the right shows Lydian Lancers from the Europa Barbarorum II mod 😮
I don't no much at all about Cyrus, very interesting!
largely tolerant and merciful ruler, Persian king Cyrus the Great established one of the largest empires in world history.
Go forward with Cyrus comrade. Sehr gut.
Nice video. One thing about Established Titles though.
It's at least dubious and has misleading information on the website. You cannot name yourself as lord/lady just of a souvenir purchase of some land
The rise of John Malkovich hijacking a Plane ....
Thus saith the Lord to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut;
Overthrowing Astyages wasn't easy
Cyrus needed to win every battle against him or he and his family and soldiers would've been definitely executed
Battle of Hyrba
Battle of the Persian border
Battle/Siege of Pasargadae hill
Do Battle of Edessa one of the worst disasters in military history
Great suggestion, thanks!
@@HoH According to some historians Battle of Edessa ended the real Roman Empire according to some historians Shapur I was the biggest reason that Roman Empire become 2 Empire Roman and Persian forces clashed in a devastating defeat for the Romans at the Battle of Edessa in AD 260. Under the command of Emperor Valerian, the Roman Army of 70,000 men attacked the Sassanid forces under the command of Shapur I, king of the kings. The entirety of the Roman army was defeated and captured, including Emperor Valerian-the first time such an event had occurred in Roman history.Rome never fully recovered from their defeat at Edessa, which had long-lasting impacts on the political climate of the empire. The defeat was one in a long series of crises that afflicted Rome during the third century, which ultimately led to the creation of the Western Roman Empire Eventually, the Western Roman Empire fell, and Rome continued weakly into the fifth century after the Eastern Roman Empire (aka theByzantine Empire) rose to power in 330
@@HoH in my opinion Battle of Edessa was the worst military disaster in history not Battle of Cannae , Battle of Carrhae , Battle of Agincourt , Battle of Vienna , Battle of Stalingrad and many others not only Shapur I destroyed 100 % of the Roman army with smaller army BUT he captured the king of one of the biggest and most powerful Empire in history alive ALIVE only 1 time this happen to Rome
bem interessante .
I often wonder how many of my ancestors were run over by chariots...
I just hope you dont end this series with the garbage and thoroughly debunked death of Cyrus the great told by Heradotus, who conflated the story for an earlier Median king.
That story is truly uncomfortable tale, sad end for great conqueror, I think he got it from the story of sargon the great who was killed after his camp was taken over with surprise attack.
It is possible for great king to die in battle but that whole story is strange one where cyrus suddenly becomes cowardly evil villain and the Queen becomes justice seeking woman King.
That theory/story has many flaws
Herodotus mentioned that he heard other stories too, but wrote the one that he liked the most because he thought it was more epic
You know since the ending was similar to the ending of one of those mythical Greek stories (greed and arrogance leading great humans to their demise) and since Herodotus was a Greek, this story is very debatable and has many things wrong with it if you think about it
Other Greek or Roman historians never even mentioned Tomyris or her tribe and each one wrote a different story
The most famous one, doesn't always mean the most accurate one
The most logical story about his death that i've heard up until now, is the one that Ctesias has written
Ctesias had his mistakes while writing about Cyrus life but his record of Cyrus death seems way more logical and the fact that he worked at the Achaemeinid royal court kinda increases the accuracy since he could've had access to their history sources
He's also written the numbers of casualties on both sides (though probably exaggerated numbers), the name of the king of the rebel Derbices, the number of Cyrus Scythian reinforcements and name of the Scythian king who led them
Plus some information about how the battle went
According to him, Cyrus fought the Derbices (Iranian tribal people in Hyrcania) and won the battle but died three days later because he was wounded in the middle of that battle
That's enough time for his men to reach Pasargadae without his corpse rotting since Derbices territories were in the north of modern day Iran and that Cyrus didn't immediately die and it was way closer than Central Asia
Unlike Massagetaes (eastern Iranic nomadic people), who lived in seperate tribes (like Greek city states), they lived in a unified satrapy and had more manpower than a Scythian tribe and even had allies with war elephants from India
Meaning, they had the terrain advantage and enough manpower to fight an army of 80,000-100,000 men, specially when living in modern day north of Iran (where i live)
These lands are perfect for Guerilla warfares
According to Herodotus, the only advantage the Massagetaes had was a river which they let Cyrus army cross it without even harrassing it
What kind of wise military commander would do that ?
They were in open plains, with no city walls, no fortresses, no trenches, no natural barriers, not even enough manpower and they let the enemy pass their only line of defence
How many people lived in ONE nomadic Scythian tribe in 530 BC ? 3,000 ? 4,000 ?
Let's say 5,000-10,000
How many of them could fight ?
While the Achaemenids are known for their large armies which are estimated between 50,000 to 200,000
They were professional fighters armed with almost any weapon imaginable at the time and were familiar with nomadic fighting styles and battle tactics (they themselves were nomads once) and were being led by the greatest warlord at the time who won every battle he fought against mighty empires or even other Scythian tribes according to other Greco Roman historians
The terrain here in the north is great for a local army to defend against a superior invading force
And if we take a look at Cyrus conquest map, he'd conquered territories up to Aral sea/lake in central Asia
Massagetae territory is shown next to Dahae territories under Aral sea/lake in most of the maps and according to Cyrus map, he conquered that province and there was even a city fortress called Cyropolis near there
While there's no evidence of Tomyris existence beside Herodotus few sentences
If she had indeed killed him in battle and completely destroyed his army, then why there's no report of her raiding and plundering or even conquering the reach defenseless Achaemeinid territories or Cyrus son, Cambyses, a vengeful cruel man (at least according to Herodotus) campaign against them ?
Darius the great mentioned the names of the people who REVOLTED against him, right after he became king, in his inscription, and the Scythians of Central Asia (beyond the jaxartes) were among the rebels (the man in the end of the line)
And since the word revolt has been used, we can assume they were already conquered by Cyrus
As far as i know, even Alexander's historians didn't say anything about his skeleton's head missing
Ali Sami Shirazi also identified the two corpses/skeletons in his tomb as Cyrus and Cassandane's
If what Herodotus says it's true, and Massagetaes took Cyrus body and cut his head off, then what are those remains even doing in his tomb ?
@@Hamid_Lightworker Exactly
That theory/story has many flaws
(It's gonna be a long comment but it'll clear a few things)
Herodotus mentioned that he heard other stories too, but wrote the one that he liked the most because he thought it was more epic
You know since the ending was similar to the ending of one of those mythical Greek stories (greed and arrogance leading great humans to their demise) and since Herodotus was a Greek, this story is very debatable and has many things wrong with it if you think about it
Other Greek or Roman historians never even mentioned Tomyris or her tribe and each one wrote a different story
The most famous one, doesn't always mean the most accurate one
The most logical story about his death that i've heard up until now, is the one that Ctesias has written
Ctesias had his mistakes while writing about Cyrus life but his record of Cyrus death seems way more logical and the fact that he worked at the Achaemeinid royal court kinda increases the accuracy since he could've had access to their history sources
He's also written the numbers of casualties on both sides (though probably exaggerated numbers), the name of the king of the rebel Derbices, the number of Cyrus Scythian reinforcements and name of the Scythian king who led them
Plus some information about how the battle went
According to him, Cyrus fought the Derbices (Iranian tribal people in Hyrcania) and won the battle but died three days later because he was wounded in the middle of that battle
That's enough time for his men to reach Pasargadae without his corpse rotting since Derbices territories were in the north of modern day Iran and that Cyrus didn't immediately die and it was way closer than Central Asia
Unlike Massagetaes (eastern Iranic nomadic people), who lived in seperate tribes (like Greek city states), they lived in a unified satrapy and had more manpower than a Scythian tribe and even had allies with war elephants from India
Meaning, they had the terrain advantage and enough manpower to fight an army of 80,000-100,000 men, specially when living in modern day north of Iran (where i live)
These lands are perfect for Guerilla warfares
According to Herodotus, the only advantage the Massagetaes had was a river which they let Cyrus army cross it without even harrassing it
What kind of wise military commander would do that ?
They were in open plains, with no city walls, no fortresses, no trenches, no natural barriers, not even enough manpower and they let the enemy pass their only line of defence
How many people lived in ONE nomadic Scythian tribe in 530 BC ? 3,000 ? 4,000 ?
Let's say 5,000-10,000
How many of them could fight ?
While the Achaemenids are known for their large armies which are estimated between 50,000 to 200,000
They were professional fighters armed with almost any weapon imaginable at the time and were familiar with nomadic fighting styles and battle tactics (they themselves were nomads once) and were being led by the greatest warlord at the time who won every battle he fought against mighty empires or even other Scythian tribes according to other Greco Roman historians
The terrain here in the north is great for a local army to defend against a superior invading force
And if we take a look at Cyrus conquest map, he'd conquered territories up to Aral sea/lake in central Asia
Massagetae territory is shown next to Dahae territories under Aral sea/lake in most of the maps and according to Cyrus map, he conquered that province and there was even a city fortress called Cyropolis near there
While there's no evidence of Tomyris existence beside Herodotus few sentences
If she had indeed killed him in battle and completely destroyed his army, then why there's no report of her raiding and plundering or even conquering the reach defenseless Achaemeinid territories or Cyrus son, Cambyses, a vengeful cruel man (at least according to Herodotus) campaign against them ?
Darius the great mentioned the names of the people who REVOLTED against him, right after he became king, in his inscription, and the Scythians of Central Asia (beyond the jaxartes) were among the rebels (the man in the end of the line)
And since the word revolt has been used, we can assume they were already conquered by Cyrus
As far as i know, even Alexander's historians didn't say anything about his skeleton's head missing
Ali Sami Shirazi also identified the two corpses/skeletons in his tomb as Cyrus and Cassandane's
If what Herodotus says it's true, and Massagetaes took Cyrus body and cut his head off, then what are those remains even doing in his tomb ?
@@ramtin5152 true the strongest evidence is Cyrus his sons didn't seek revenge for him, if it was true they would have organized large offensive war against those people, the event of his death would have spread around like wildfire because cyrus was their greatest King even Alexander would have used to encourage his men against Darius at start of the war if cyrus the great could be killed by tribal Queen, they too could kill Darius much easier.
Such event cannot be cover up except with wild unexplained events fallowing it.
Assyrians after Sargon the great was killed, it shocked them so badly that they almost deleted him from history, they moved away from his new capital his son the new king went as far as organising group of religious leaders to consult with God what was his father's sin that lead him to die such horrible way because Sargon was first Assyrian king killed in battle.
Other way is mongols with Genghis Khan and his last campaign against Western Xia, it has been said he was injured during the battle and he died due to his injuries as you can expect they massacred everyone after the battle including the emperor, some historians consider it genocide. Their extreme reaction can only be possibly explained retaliation after ghingis khan was killed. This battle also has the numbers factor which Western Xia had atleast over 300,000 fighters.
The extreme measures mongols took with the burial of ghingis khan could also be used as evidence all of this is normal reaction but with cyrus the great nothing like that happened.
For me the most reasonable one is he died at old age of 70 in his capital after fixing the matter of succession for his sons.
@@Hamid_Lightworker Exactly
Even if he had lost the battle and died later that didn't mean his sons wouldn't have tried to avenge him
But no Scythian campaign in central Asia or revolt after Cyrus death is reported by any historians during the 7 years of reign of Cyrus sons
If he had lost then a Scythian raid would've happened and that definitely isn't something Herodotus would consider not worth mentioning
Ctesias story and Cyrus death after his victory due to the javelin wound is the most reasonable one for me
Darius was successful in his Scythian campaign too
He conquered even more Scythian lands in central Asia and according to the maps, he conquered territories north of the black sea as well
Btw thanks for the information about Sargon and Genghis Khan
So you believe Xenophon's version
That's kinda accurate too
It's interesting that out of three Greek historians who lived during the reign of the Achaemeinids, and wrote about his death, one says he died in battle(Herodotus), one says he died in bed due to old age(Xenophon), and according to the other one (Ctesias) it was both (wounded in battle, died in bed after his victory)
Ctesias also mentioned that Cyrus declared Cambyses as his successor before he died
There's an ancient tablet (probably Babylonian) that approves his succession was indeed official
This tablet was made the day Cyrus died
This means Cyrus had enough time to declare one of his sons as his successor
So out of curiosity, was it the Lydian horses that were afraid of camels, or the cavalrymen themselves ... or both?
From what the sources said, it appears the horses were scared by the camels and they became uncontrollable.
That makes more sense, if the horses were completely unfamiliar with camels. Thanks for responding.
The Greatest General in History
#MahsaAmini #IranianRevolution2022
awesome content as always but established titles scam is everywhere
Established titles is a scam. You should reconsider your partnership with them.
Its pronounced "Chirosh" not Cyrus... Its wrong to change original names you know?
In the West he is known as Cyrus (which is probably just the anglicized version). Happens all the time, Paris is how we pronounce Paree etc.
His name is *Kūrūš*
Fun Fact: Established titles is a scam.
2:02 established titles is a scam-the people who spend money there, do not really get a title, worse, the money is not used for increasing the amount of plants or trees.
Advertising known scammers (Established titles) is like poison to otherwise great content. Downvote.
Great work but ET is bullshit
Love the achaemenid empire
Also, would you ever do a series on the Great Northern War?
I began my research about it!
@@HoH Thank you!
I usually prefer to read, but I think your way of narrating makes everything even more interesting!
ESTABLISHED TITLES IS A FRAUD
YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE PEERAGE
YOU CAN CALL YOURSELF LORD, LADY, KING,OR POPE BUT YOU'LL BE LAUGHED AT. AS YOU SHOULD BE...FOR ESTABLISHED TITLES IS FOOLISH!
Who hurt you sweetie?
@@dariusghodsi2570 established titles, i think he was quite clear about the matter
@@dariusghodsi2570 why does one need to be hurt to tell the truth? Established titles is a fraud, if you want to plant a tree...then do it...why perpetrate a scam to do so?
@@carpinchosexenjoyer1893 I thought he was just making a general statement about nobility aimed at Cyrus the Great or something lol
I hesitate which group I find the most stupid. The group that desire to get peerage through a paper bought on internet, or the group that’s trying to defend the consumer rights of said group.