Learn Vietnamese with TVO | Pronouns
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- Опубліковано 14 чер 2024
- A detailed explanation on how to use the complicated Vietnamese Pronouns system.
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In the south, your mother’s sisters are “dì”, your father’s sisters are “cô”. Your mother’s brothers are called “cậu”, and your father’s younger brother is “chú”, but his older brother is “bác”. Your “dì”s husband is called “dượng”, your “bác”s wife is “bác gái”, and your “chú”s wife is “thím”. A “cậu”s wife is called “mợ”. The southern vietnamese pronouns are much more sophisticated, and there’re some areas use Chinese pronouns like “chế” (sister in Teochew dialect), “tùa chế” (big sister), hia (brother in Teochew dialect), and “tùa hia” (big brother). Some people use “tía” for father (it’s also Chinese), and “má” for mother. Some people (like my mom) use “dú” to adress mom, and I guess this word means “nhũ” or “nhũ mẫu” in Sino-Vietnamese. The Southern Vietnamese dialect sounds like a another language in some aspects, especially the Mekong delta dialect.
My fiancé's family is from the south. This is gonna be so hard 😭
Not really too hard. Think of: auntie Uncle and also niece and nephew and sister-in-law and brother-in-law and Grandpa and Grandma and mom and dad and so on so even in America we have complicated system
Thank you so much for this. My family is from the south and I knew there were other pronouns my family used but I always had trouble keep track which pronoun was appropriate for who.
Sorry for all the background noises in this video. There was a funeral in my neighborhood and they were playing music all day but I just couldn't wait to film this :(
The most interesting part of Vietnamese is calling strange people as if they are a family member.
I was thinking that too! I love it!
That's normal and more polite way to address someone as your family member even though you are not related to them.
Its the same in Philippines.
Yes, it's actually very common outside of western cultures.
yes! it's the same in Chinese as well
Well, not that strange once you realized that people in the US use "hey bro, whatsup braw", XD
I finally found a video to really help me understand Vietnamese pronouns. Thanks for posting such great Vietnamese lessons, they are helping me so much.
I left a comment underneath another video made by you, also talking about how to say Hello. Because I had problems to follow your explanation how to greeting people in the correct way.
Now I found this video, and this video is perfect!!! Thank you so much for this Clear explanation!!
Thank you!
Greetings from Germany
I live in USA, Houston. Well I'm still working in my english and trying to speak vietnamese. Thanks you usually they are more open to let me speak theri languaje, more then chinese... 80%around me are vietnamese. In my first job with viet-people theu doesn't speak english, well only the basic or less for that reason I decided to learn to share with them!
I'm so happy with them, 90% make a good day smiling with me! Thanks for this videos...
I am in love with this lesson!!! I can't wait to have a look at the rest of your work. Thank you very much!!!
My grandmother uses "Con" to address me and all her grandchildren though she's from the south.
me too
Yeah, in many local, adults usually call children is "con" or even "em". That's a very sofly way to call
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Wonderful, Lan! You are a great teacher!
This lesson was VERY helpful! Cảm ơn rất nhiều!
Thank you for a thorough explanation! It was especially helpful to learn about what to do if you're unsure what pronoun to use
This is a fantastic video. I finally feel like I'm starting to grasp how to choose the correct pronouns in Vietnamese.
we're glad to hear that you found the video helpful
很有用，非常感谢。继续努力学习中
This video has been the most helpful!! Thank you so much! :0)
Finally, a video that explains it. Most explanations are based solely on the age of the one doing the explaining, but you, so kindly used examples that someone of any age can figure out. My struggle has been that, being in my upper 50s, everyone is younger (em) but there are many that call me Chu due to our relationship. Then I would call them Chau.
I have one question. In the south, do they follow the same rules and use the same words?
Hi Jeff thanks for watching. If you're in your upper 50, people will call you "Chu" if their parents are around your age or if they're around 20 years or so younger than you :)
In the south most pronouns are the same except for "Bố" (dad) will be "Ba" and "Mẹ" (Mum) will be "Má". There are a few other pronouns that are not in the basic list above too but you shouldn't worry about those :)
Nope, in the South there are a number of key differences. Your parents are ba má not bố mẹ. The eldest in a family is anh or chị hai followed by ba which is different from the North where anh hai is the 2nd oldest brother. Furthermore, old people can refer to those 2 generations younger than them as con as opposed to cháu.
We still use Mẹ, but we do use Ba
In the South it's different in a few ways beyond what other have said:
- we tend to use more cô/chú instead of bác even for someone who may look older than our parents
- ông/bà/cô/chú/bác are generally paired with con, not cháu (I never use cháu as a pronoun)
- in colloquial speech instead of cô, we even use thím/dì (wife of uncle / maternal aunt) for older ladies as endearing way to address.
Southern use the word "con" instead of "cháu".
its very hard to determain the age in vietnam since everyone looks like 20 or younger even though they might be in their late 30's
That's why non Vietnamese shouldn't feel offended when Vietnamese ask for their age. We do that to know how to address you.
i like your teaching , very nice !!!
now i understand. Thank you so much for this so informative video. Its easy to understand. By the way my boyfriend is Vietnamese and im so excited to use this new learnings. Cam on
This is just a part of pronouns, not enough
I can hear music of a Vietnamese funeral in the background, great video thanks it is very helpful.
This helps me so much because I’m so confused with my family members names all the time! Thank you!!
Great video Lan - it can make speaking Vietnamese confusing when you start having to constantly think of the correct pronoun but this makes it very clear. There is more to it though, like my mother's younger sister, her youngest brother and then his wife (from a niece/ nephew position) 😊
Cam ơn chị Lan
great, thanks!
thank you very much i have subscriped
very good video as usual
SO GREAT .THANKS SWEET GIRL...
Thank you for this great video. Personally I made the observation, that the pronouns for uncle/aunt are rarely used, at least in my generation (40 - 50 years old). The rules seem to be:
1. People up to 20 years old are "Chau"2. People from 20 years up to 40 are "Em"3. People from 40 years up to the age "a lot older than me" are "Anh/Chi"4. People who are obviously a lot older (e.g. they have grey or white hair) are called "Ong/Ba"
So, in practice the uncle/aunt generation seems to be skipped - at least this is my experience.
Other experiences I made:
- My wife's older sister is younger than me, but regardless of that my wife told me, that I have to call her "Chi" - because she is my wife's older sister. The fact that I am older than her doesn't count in this case.
- Women seldom call men "Em". Even if the man is younger (but still old enough to be her brother) women often call men "Anh".
Hi Harry. Thanks for watching. All your observations are correct (which is very impressive :) )
For number 1: Old people (with grey or white hair) are usually called Ong, ba to show respect, as they are the highest in the ladder of pronouns so there wouldn't be the problem of "offending them for calling them older than their age".
For number 2: All the rules mentioned in the video doesn't apply on people who are in the same family. When you're family, all your pronouns based only on one things: relationship.
For number 3: That's true and I myself do the same thing. I don't know why though haha
We also have some helpful Vietnamese videos. Check it out please to see if it helps
ua-cam.com/channels/oaW88iL7KQz0flcNUGImrQ.html
Cảm ơn
Hi, Lan, job well done, little quick but in the real world speakers of Vietnamese don't speak slow for us foreigners they speak 'normal' pace but fast to me. My question is do you have a hard copy (or online link) that has all the lessons, as I would be happy to purchase.
Excellent video Lan👍👍👌👌
Dad in Viet is also as “Cha” or “Ba” as well
I know tía too
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Her accent when she says "based" is cute
First of all, thank you for all your great videos, I'm new to Vietnamese and I find this channel so helpful to learn this amazing language! :) I have a couple of questions... The first one: does this also applies when using the possesive pronouns? Like for example, if I want to say "yours" referring to the personal pronoun "Ahn" will it then be "Của ahn" instead of the neutral "yours" "Của bạn" ?
And the second question: how to call my mother-in-law, if she is around the same age as my mother (around 50, I'm 24). Should I use the same pronoun for calling my mother or...? :)
Thanks again 🙏
1) That’s correct
2) In this case, you will call your mother-in-law “mẹ chồng” (your husband’s mother) because ‘’chồng” is husband in english
In the second question, you can also use the same pronoun ‘’ mẹ “ for calling your mother in law because it’s more relative
1) you're correct
2) you just follow the way your husband does. And everyone's happy :D
Maybe this app will help you a little bit. It helps you to determine when to use which pronoun:
play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ionicframework.vnpronoun2794112
Thanks Lan! Is there any difference in usage between the 2 sets of "I and You" pronouns shown in 2:23?
There's no difference between them. But, " tớ" is more used in the North.
I have a question. My parents gave birth to me when they were 33. I am 18 now an my parents are 50-51. So a person 30 years older than me would be a younger aunt. Or is the 30 year rule just something I should consider and call them an older aunt anyway ?
What is with people who's parents were Teenagers ? Do they have to not look at their parents age but more on the average age for parents when addressing people ?
As a European, I must say at a first sight that the structure of the pronouns is quite complicate but the table you shown on the video is very practical and very useful. In my opinion it's a question of practice. Many thanks for your explanation, very good video :-)
Mo Adam thank you for your kind feedback :)
Good
I’m to learn việt
What do you do if they are the same age as you or your parents?
Hello Lan and TIENG VIET OI Team, thanks a lot for the video! I found your explanations and systematical presentations very understandable! It helps me a lot! I have a question though: I´m studying with a course book, and there is a dialogue in which two people are adressing each other as cô and ông, another in which they adress each other as ông and bà and another one with chi (dot under i) and anh while none of these dialogues are in a familiar setting. Following your explanation, this wouldn´t be possible! Does this mean, that my book is just wrong about this, or are there any exceptions? I appreciate your content! @Tieng Viet Oi - Vietnamese Lessons
The pronouns system is complicated but also flexible, it's hard for us to explain further without a context, but here's an example, when 2 older people talk to each other, even if they are a bit older/younger than the other person, they probably won't use "anh - chị - em" but will call themselves "tôi" and the other person "ông" (male) or "bà" (female).
I'm not sure if this is right, but I called my friend "Chị," even though she's almost exactly the same age as me 😅😅
I'm terrible at guessing ages, gonna have to study up
hey i have a question: is it so that in a monastery you do refer to yourself as "con" when speaking with monks and nuns?
Yes, that's true. And you can address a monk as "thầy" and a nun as "Sư cô". The eldest monks or nuns in a monastery are called "sư ông" for monks and "sư bà" for nuns.
Thanks for the very good explanation. I have questions:
1) I'm 62 therefore I suppose I should call all people less than 40 "cháu" correct?
2) then should I call myself "bác" or "chú"? I do not know the age of their parents, so should I use the oldest pronoun "bác" ?
In Northern Vietnamese you would refer to those 2 generations younger as 'cháu' while in the South it's still affectionately 'con'. Technically bác and chú mean paternal uncle (the first is one who is older than your father and the latter is younger) but you can use either as a foreigner.
20 years is considered 1 generation. So if you are 20 years older or more, you should be chú, and more than 25 or 30 years, bác. Actually, you don't have to be too accurate at this case.
As far as I know,The Bác or Chú is all fine in this case.Some would call Bác while some would go with Chú.However most of the Vietnamese would use Chú as the way they show their respect to the parents of the person they are talking to if they don’t know the age.And Chú is sound more common than Bác in daily conversation.
Hello again. May I assume 'toi' and 'ban' are acceptable for anyone?
Also, another Vietnamese language teacher called 'co' with hat accent a younger, unmarried woman, but never a child.
I'm 55. Would 'co' be proper, let's say, for a 30 year old woman, married or not?
Thanks for asking! For "tôi" and "bạn", in general, yes, you can use it for anyone if you don't know how to address them.
If a 30 year-old unmarried woman talks to like an under 10 year-old kid, she will be called "cô", and the child will be "cháu".
So, for pronouns based on age and gender, how you are called or addressed depends on the age and gender of who you talk to.
This would have been so useful for when I met my girlfriend's family.
There are also other special cases that depend on professions such as professor/teacher vs. student, boss vs. employee, and, less commonly, deity/king/ruler vs. subject. xD
Yikes, "deity/king/ruler"?? Assuming I'm the "subject", I'll just bow and shut up, rather than pick a pronoun(!!) ...But for teacher/student or boss/employee, it is typically Anh (or Chi) / Em--or, does age still matter in those contexts?
As a student, we do still call ourself "em". However, as a teacher, it's not. They often use "thầy" (male teacher) or "cô" (female teacher).
Not-so-smart aleck For teacher/student.In this case the age doesn’t matter at all.No matter how old or young they are.You always have to call them Thầy or Cô and call yourself Em.For boss/employee,the age still matter.you can call them Anh/Chi/Em or Sếp which is means Boss.
Can I use chị/anh for someone younger in the office to show respect?
No, it's not required.
No, it's strictly by age like unie and oppa in Korean.
If you in a resturant
This was incredibly helpful! However, I still have a few questions. How would you say pronouns like:
1. You all
2. We
3. They
4. He
5. She
1. Tất cả các bạn or Tất cả mọi người
2. Exclusive-we: Chúng tôi
Inclusive-we: Chúng mình(more intimate/small group) or Chúng ta (generic)
3. Họ
4. and 5. is Anh ấy and Chị ấy respectively, but you should choose pronoun based on how old the other person is relative to you as the video above
He/She: người ấy ( that person).
6) you : When there are more than 2 people you can add the word "các" in front :
Các cô/chú/ bác/ ông/bà/anh /chị/cháu/con/em.
7) They are /them(men): các anh ấy / các chú ấy/các chú ấy / các bác ấy/các ông ấy
8)They are/ them (women): các chị ấy/các cô ấy/các bà ấy.
9) They are/them : Họ ( When there are only men or only women and when there are both gender. In general, but not to use when you are adult and the people you are preferring to are very young children).
They are/them: - Chúng nó/tụi nó/bọn nó/mấy đứa nó/mấy đứa kia( use casually, preferring people about same age our younger than you.
They are/ them - mấy thằng kia(men)/mấy con kia(women): casualy even consider that not polite when the people you are referring to are a bit around your age or younger.
10: You: mày( singular)/ chúng mày(plural) can be casually/friendly or sometimes consider rude depent on relationships and your tone/voice when speaking.
.....
1, Mọi người / Moi ngu uoi/
2, Chúng ta /chung ta/you with everyone in there
Chúng tôi /chung toy / you mean you and your group front of others people
3, Họ
4, anh đó /anh dog /
5, cô đó / coh dog /
4 and 5 is very complex in many situation so with a foreigner like u, just say that or call straight their names if u know their names. Native people would understand
I’m Vietnamese. If you want to learn Vietnamese, I can teach you. Can you help me to practice my English?
Hi. Teach me Vietnamese please. My Instagram gonaked5. Skype polikrap
Do I understand this correctly? If I have a conversation with my older sister I will adress her as Chi. I will call myself Em. I also have older brother who is younger than my sister. I obviously use Em as an "I pronoun" but can my sister know i'm saying I or can she interpret it as talking about our brother? Or other person has to evaluate my own position when I'm talking and know that I will adress my older brother as Anh and what pronoun will she use to adress our brother? (from her standpoint she ought to say Em but then I can't know if she talks about me or my brother).
I think you have to ask her who she is talking to. In casual communication if there are 2 younger people, she needs to call out their names and tell ""em"".
how to use vietnamese Alphabet in sentences?
Is it acceptable or considered ok to use bạn and tôi if you are not sure of the correct pronouns to use ?
G G It is acceptable to use for the people around your age.But bạn and tôi are sound unnatural.So you can use Anh/Chị and Tôi instead of.That’s very common and polite as well.
Sorry to be really thick about this but I am new to this language. Does this mean that there are no words for just 'I' and 'you'? At first glance this is really confusing.
Hi Adrian. No need to say sorry at all, it is actually a common question. We do have a set of just simple "I" and "you" in Vietnamese, which is "tôi" (for I) and "bạn" (for you). However, when using "tôi" to call yourself it's a bit more formal and not as friendly as other pronouns that are based on age, so people use the others more. "Bạn" is normally used to call people around the same age as you only.
Yes, just think Vietnamese tend to talk as a 3rd person. Vietnamese have "I" as tôi (tui, mình) but it sounds rude if you talk to an older person.
the n in ban is silent as well as the ch in thich?
Yes, or we would say that we don't say it loudly.
@@Tiengvietoi thx but some pronounce it nonetheless
@@juliannaruffini Indeed, we still need to put the tongue or related pronunciation organs into the correct positions for the final sounds. Otherwise, it would become another word, like "bố" and "bốn".
@@Tiengvietoi but the word "ban" for "busy" , the "n" is not silent.
I call myself "I, Robot."
How would you address someone who is roughly the same age as you?
OK!!! So I think I've got the Idea behind these pronouns
One which I believe will help others to understand/use them in the appropriate place.
so every time your about to begin a conversation, basically ask yourself which age-group in your family do they match. IE: EM = hello there my younger brother/sister
or: ANH = Hello there my older brother
or: CHI = be safe as you go my older sister
_____________________________________________________________
question?
do the titles mean the same, as in, does the word EM in Vietnamese mean younger sibling, ANH older brother and CHI older sister?
because if that's the case, then this should really be pretty easy once we get used to using the added Pronouns into a regular conversational dialogue.
they always mean the same
what +/- age difference is considered the same generation. In the video it suggests +/- 15 years...
Kaleboy100 i personally think +/- 20
15 - 20 years is fine to be in the same generation.
Can you please 🙏 tell me, how the friends same age address to each other??
We use:
Tớ (I) - Cậu (You)
@@Tiengvietoi Thank you so much!!!🤗
I hear "con" been used quite a bit in public for people who are not the persons child ?
Kaleboy100 u can use "con" to address someone as younger generation as you too, it has the same funtion as "cháu"
This way of using is usually found in south Vietnam
ok thanks,
What if I want to address both of my friend's parents at once? Các bác?
That's correct Ashawn you can say "các bác" :)
you could also address them as "hai bác" as in --> "chào hai bác" - (...có đúng không ạ ?)
We also have some helpful Vietnamese videos. Check it out please to see if it helps
ua-cam.com/channels/oaW88iL7KQz0flcNUGImrQ.html
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This saved me thank you very much... But still, why it has to be so many haha.
In Vietnam is it better to use a younger pronoun if you are unsure of a woman's age? In many western countries it's considered a bit rude to assume a woman's age if she is older. It's a very old-fashioned thing, but it's still considered more polite to refer to a woman as younger than she may actually be. I was wondering if Vietnamese women feel the same or don't care as much. Thanks for these videos!
78deathface yeah, that's right. If she is bác, call her cô. But be careful if someone like to be call Em if they are older than you. You should call her chị to be careful.
only when she's your lover you can call her "em" even that she's older than you ;)
This can be tricky. Some women (and men) like to be perceived as being younger. However, in Vietnam, being "older" also means you get more respect. So, if you don't know her well, it's better to call her "chi".
Maybe this app will help you a little bit. It "calculates" when to use which pronoun:
play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ionicframework.vnpronoun2794112
Sometime they're happy becuz that's mean they're beauty and young
And what about people who are exactly at the same age like me? :)
anna- rozalia it depends on how close you are to them. "Tôi-Bạn", "Tớ-Cậu", "Mình-Bạn" are the formal and a bit polite. But vietnamese mostly use "Tao-Mày", "Ta-Mi", "Tau-mi","Tau-mày" and so one and this form is used with people use extremely close or so~~
It’s not really about age difference but more of generation difference that specifies the right pronoun.
true
here bc im trying to learn how to greet my mom's and dad's side properly lol
Tôi- I
Bạn- you
Cô ấy- Anh ấy=he, she
Chúng tôi- we
Các bạn- you
Họ- ...they
cô - chú --> dì - cậu (maternal) ??
Younger aunt and younger uncls --> Mợ and Cậu (South Vietnamese).
🎉❤🎉❤🎉❤🎉❤🎉❤🎉❤
PLEASE.... KEEP THE TEACHING STEP BY SYEP
We also have some helpful Vietnamese videos. Check it out please to see if it helps
ua-cam.com/channels/oaW88iL7KQz0flcNUGImrQ.html
Complicated why?
Because we like to be as specific as possiple
Khi người ta xưng lại vai vế nhỏ hơn nên cảm thấy tự nhiên nhé các b nước ngoài. Tôi có một ng bạn khi k hiểu rõ, b ấy nói thật thiếu lịch sự ng kia khi tự xưng mình là Chị và gọi cô ấy nhỏ hơn là Em. 😂
I wouldn’t use bạn when talking to an elder person.
No way if I use Toi towards my mum she would hit me 🤣
Me: 😐
Celebrities
Obama Anh, I'd be Em to him
Samuel L. Jackson Chú I'd be Cháu
Tom Hiddleston Cháu I'd be Cô
Queen of England Bà I'd be Cháu
Miley Cyrus Cháu I would be Cô
Prince He is Cháu I am Bà
What?? I use Con even for kids that aren’t our own. And I call my dad Ba. This must be a dialect issue
2:00 is not really true. Its considered to be rude in some cases if you use "tôi"-"bạn" because its not respectful.
9:00 is not really true. You can use "con" instead of "cháu" so it feels closer, but usually with the family members only. Like YOUR GRANDPARENTS,...
Cha is father. Ba is Dad. Bo is Pops Lol.
If Chu and Co is for mother side, then what about father side? Ah ha! 😉 Cau, Di. What about grandparents on mother's side? Ngoai. Father side? Noi. 🤯
tend to disagree with going with your first opinion. as a man and if in doubt if a woman is older than you but not more than 15 years older, just default to em and she will be happy for the compliment :)
I say this because I made the mistake and called a woman chi once by mistake when she was about 5 years younger than me. I could see the disappointment on here face so now if in doubt I default to em even if I think they are older. win win :)
Be careful at work. Asian people has so many rules about positions and seniors at work. You should call an older women at work "em", would be considered disrespectful.
Cô also means Miss. I have heard old men called young girls "cô" nothing to do with age. For example, Boss: ông chủ ( older boss) cô chủ (younger female boss), cậu chủ (younger male boss). There is no em chủ.
Why are so many Viet vids unaware of acoustics? I can't focus with that annoying echo.
We hope that you find our newer videos better, we're sorry for the unpleasant echo, we didn't have enough equipment before :( but thanks to our patrons, it's improved a lot
Chú বাংলা chậc
I don't understand if you talking about subject pronoun?
Maybe this app will help you a little bit. It "calculates" when to use which pronoun in a step by step way:
play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ionicframework.vnpronoun2794112
What is "Bố". We do not use this term. We only use "Cha" or "Ba".
Bo is father but maybe just popular in North side
Just use the person's name seems easier
Think of it as Mr., Mrs., Ms., but more personal. Lol
Sorry Lan. I'll definitely need to redo this lesson. Vietnamese pronouns are even more confusing than tones.
No problems! We're already happy that you are learning Vietnamese. What you can do to memorise is to create a table with correspondent pronouns, and then put them in an conversation sample.
Also, to begin with just pick the ones that you use more often than the other ones. Once, you have mastered them, you can move on with the rest. 😊
This is you: .__. lol
Why does ban sound like bat? Thanks