I never comment on UA-cam videos but this channel is phenomenal. Honestly, he does a better job then the paid subscription services I use to prepare for boards. I appreciate you sir
Legend. Thank you so much for your videos. You, the organic chemistry tutor, and khan academy are the first three creators/teachers I will give money to just as a way of saying thank you for helping me achieve my goals in university and beyond. Having high quality upper level education available for free on UA-cam will change the world one day. Thanks again to you and your team.
You are highly capable of learning, memorizing and teaching. I could understand fatty acid oxidation as you mentioned the focus on long chain fatty acids. Congratulations for your contributions to us all. From Brazil, thank you. 👏👏👏🙏
Honestly, your chanell helped so much with my exam prep for my nutrition bioscience bachelor. Everything is boiled down to the important information. How you explain and display topics just clicks for me!
very helpful videos! Thank you very much, I am studying for the MCAT to take it next month and your videos are saving me I never understood biochem the way I do now! The best biochem pathway videos, are simplified and gives the main point and are not overwhelming!
I swear Im sooooooo upset with myself that I didn't find your channel sooner. I have exams in less than 3 weeks and Im only now learning this concept properly looolllll Better late than never though. THANKS MUCHHHHH
Hey @Dirty Medicine one thing I think would be helpful in future videos is after going over a topic. Immediately do a couple of questions pertaining to said just covered material. Or provide a hotlink to one of your high yield questions that pertains to the just covered material. As always great job.
10:55 it's already in the mitochondria, it just has 2 membranes, so acyl-coa first diffuses through porins and then it's inside. Also you forgot to mention the enzyme Carnitine Acylcarnitine translocase which moves acyl carnitine through the inner membrane, CAT-2 does something else. CAT-2 puts coa back onto the acetyl group and actively transports carnitine back over to the outer membrane of the mitochondria. Otherwise good video
This is a great educational video for those who are on Ketogenic lifestyle and OMAD/Intermittent Fasting...because, most of those people on Ketogenic lifestyle and IF, consume MCT oil in their coffee, medium chained triglycerides and grass-fed ghee or butter--long chain fatty acids..
So excellent. couple of things tho in primary carnitine deficiency, the carnitine cannot be taken up by skeletal and cardiac muscle. there is also secondary carnitine deficiency, which is secondary to defects in beta oxidation that lead to a built up of acyl carnitine. This acyl carnitine is lost in the urine... and this leads to a carnitine deficiency. There is also decreased carnitine synthesis in liver disease or in patients using valproic acid (use of this drug reduces renal reabsorption of carnitine) CPT-II deficiency as you mentioned also effects liver and kidney, other than skeletal muscle. but the form that affects the skeletal muscle is most common and severe. Treatment here includes avoidance of fasting use of high carb diet and supplementation with medium chain fatty acids plus following the involvement of fatty acyl coA dehydrogenase. Couple of other enzymes are involved like 2 3 enoyl coA hydratase then 3 hydroxy acyl coA dehydrogenase and 3 ketoacyl coA thiolase. An oxidation then a hydration then another oxidation followed by a cleavage
Hey dude, you seem to know to know your shit. Would you be kind enough to elucidate why MCAD results in NON ketogenic hypoglycemia? like why would it be different from primary carnitine deficiency which is HYPO ketogenic
@@olivermfluni4973still using this video up till now. And I must say this is one of the funniest and at the same time realistic comments ever seen😂😂😂. Bro you looked into the future
So in first aid it says that MCAD is hypoketotic/hypoglycemic but on the video states that MCAD is nonketotic. I just wanted to know how to distinguish between the two?
"Starvation" is induced when one hasn't eaten for 12 hours. Which is why NOT snacking after dinner = weight loss, when you skip breakfast and wait to eat until after lunch. There are major health benefits to doing this.
Dude i know you are a great person by providing these content but according to Uworld your Disease page has some errors on it please correct it BOTH SYSTEMIC PRIMARY CARNITINE DEFICIENCY AND MEDIUM CHAIN FATTY ACYL COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY CAN HAVE HYPOKETOTIC HYPOGLYCEMIA
Dirty I have a question for you. WHY and HOW the fatty Acyl-CO-A crosses freely through the outer membrane without any help but not through the inner membrane????🤔🤔🤔
why does systemic primary carnitine deficiency show hypoketosis while medium chain fatty acyl coA dehydrogenase deficiency shows no ketones? shouldn't they both show no ketones based on the logic in the pathways shown?
Lmao Dirty you said exactly what I've been thinking for all of Dedicated when you were like "the reason why this is high yield is because...well it's just some minutiae you have to memorize" STEP would not be the beast it is if they cut out all the random bullshit
Hello dirty medicine , can you add the slides file you explain to the video description and it will be useful to me Thank you for the nice job you do and best wishes.
Love your videos! thank you so much! Can someone clarify please why in Systemic primary carnitine deficiency you can't get fatty acyl CoA into mitochondrial membrane? I thought it can diffuse through and then use CAT1? :( Brain. Fried.
I don't understand why hypoglycemia occurs? What does it mean when you can't mobilize energy stores because of fatty acyl not being able to be transported, or form acetyl coA?
I can not thank you enough. My step one is in a few days. I scored like 92 percentile on biochem/biology MCAT, but in med school, pathology is just way more important so I haven't studied biochem that much over the last 4 years. Why don't you charge for your vids? I mean I am glad you don't because sketchy+ U world + B&B + USMLE Rx + pathoma = breaking the bank. Why don't they make a USMLE study bundle package?!
![Lp. Сердце Вселенной #60 РОЖДЕНИЕ ЛОЛОЛОШКИ [Финал] • Майнкрафт](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/YoR0pAV9FVQ/mqdefault.jpg)
I never comment on UA-cam videos but this channel is phenomenal. Honestly, he does a better job then the paid subscription services I use to prepare for boards. I appreciate you sir
Shit, he does a better job than the professors that are PAID TO TEACH US.
Your honestly a life savour a 25minute video summarized a 100 lecture slides thank you so much
Legend. Thank you so much for your videos. You, the organic chemistry tutor, and khan academy are the first three creators/teachers I will give money to just as a way of saying thank you for helping me achieve my goals in university and beyond. Having high quality upper level education available for free on UA-cam will change the world one day. Thanks again to you and your team.
Awesome explanation!! Never seen such a kind-hearted person who's willing to give his time for free just to spread knowledge!! I salut u for it!
He makes mega $$$$ from the 30 ads in this video
You are highly capable of learning, memorizing and teaching. I could understand fatty acid oxidation as you mentioned the focus on long chain fatty acids. Congratulations for your contributions to us all. From Brazil, thank you. 👏👏👏🙏
Honestly, your chanell helped so much with my exam prep for my nutrition bioscience bachelor. Everything is boiled down to the important information. How you explain and display topics just clicks for me!
Please never stop making videos you're literally saving lives out here
very helpful videos! Thank you very much, I am studying for the MCAT to take it next month and your videos are saving me I never understood biochem the way I do now! The best biochem pathway videos, are simplified and gives the main point and are not overwhelming!
You are simply AWESOME 👏🏻.
I never fully understand this concepts.
Now- everything understood and condensed in my brain.
Thanks a lot.
I seriously can't thank you enough! you're a lifesaver Dirty
I swear Im sooooooo upset with myself that I didn't find your channel sooner. I have exams in less than 3 weeks and Im only now learning this concept properly looolllll Better late than never though. THANKS MUCHHHHH
finally understood what I was reading after watching this vid! Thanks! Simple explanation, fast and AWESOME!
Hey @Dirty Medicine one thing I think would be helpful in future videos is after going over a topic. Immediately do a couple of questions pertaining to said just covered material. Or provide a hotlink to one of your high yield questions that pertains to the just covered material. As always great job.
Amaizing video..
U simplify difficult things and make it easy for us to understand...
Best biochem mentor..
Very helpful. Simplifies complex concepts so well. Thank you so much sir. You just saved me going through thousands of lecture slides
I rarely leave comments but this was extremely helpful and had to say THANK YOU
10:55 it's already in the mitochondria, it just has 2 membranes, so acyl-coa first diffuses through porins and then it's inside. Also you forgot to mention the enzyme Carnitine Acylcarnitine translocase which moves acyl carnitine through the inner membrane, CAT-2 does something else. CAT-2 puts coa back onto the acetyl group and actively transports carnitine back over to the outer membrane of the mitochondria. Otherwise good video
lost for words. thank you so much, from the bottom of my heart.
Your channel tells us the essentials of what we need to know. It is definitely my favourite high yield resource i have found. Thankyou so much!!!!
These biochemistry videos are all you need to pass Step 1 (better than Turco/BnB/Lecturio/Kaplan/Sketchy/Pixorize)
Your mnemonics are clever and helpful, even though you say they're stupid.
This is a great educational video for those who are on Ketogenic lifestyle and OMAD/Intermittent Fasting...because, most of those people on Ketogenic lifestyle and IF, consume MCT oil in their coffee, medium chained triglycerides and grass-fed ghee or butter--long chain fatty acids..
No words to explain how perfect your videos are🔥
Thank you so much 😀
You are the best I was struggling with this topic 😭 may god bless you ❤
This channel is undersubscribed. These videos are awesome.
Thanks! Please share with friends, colleagues, etc. Would love more subscribers
Thank you sooo very much for the most explanatory and easiest way of learning videos. I’m learning much more than any other resources 👌👌👌💐
Dude, your videos are saving my butt. I'm having to cram and these videos are coming in clutch!
Thanks a lot for this well explaining! .. thanks also to my senior for advising me to watch this amazing video
I appreciate the time you took to make this-make sense! thank you!!
Thanks for the fantastic channel
just a simple mistake in (MCAD deficiency) is it actually hypoketotic hypoglycemia the same as carntine deficiency
Brilliant. 100% pure talent.
Really comprehensive and precise lecture ❤
So excellent.
couple of things tho
in primary carnitine deficiency, the carnitine cannot be taken up by skeletal and cardiac muscle.
there is also secondary carnitine deficiency, which is secondary to defects in beta oxidation that lead to a built up of acyl carnitine. This acyl carnitine is lost in the urine... and this leads to a carnitine deficiency.
There is also decreased carnitine synthesis in liver disease or in patients using valproic acid (use of this drug reduces renal reabsorption of carnitine)
CPT-II deficiency as you mentioned also effects liver and kidney, other than skeletal muscle. but the form that affects the skeletal muscle is most common and severe. Treatment here includes avoidance of fasting use of high carb diet and supplementation with medium chain fatty acids
plus following the involvement of fatty acyl coA dehydrogenase. Couple of other enzymes are involved like 2 3 enoyl coA hydratase then 3 hydroxy acyl coA dehydrogenase and 3 ketoacyl coA thiolase. An oxidation then a hydration then another oxidation followed by a cleavage
Hey dude, you seem to know to know your shit. Would you be kind enough to elucidate why MCAD results in NON ketogenic hypoglycemia? like why would it be different from primary carnitine deficiency which is HYPO ketogenic
@@deadricchampion6856 FA says hypoketotic for both so just go with that
As clear as day now. Many thanks
dr ryan is quaking... excellent job
perfect for my shelf exam form biochemistry. Thank you tons!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Smart presentation as always.
The best educational videos
You’re just extraordinary
8 people must've accidentally hit the dislike button on their way over to the like button, cuz these videos are awesome
No they are the textbook printers who can see that a only a short/medium time remains for them to be relevant.
@@olivermfluni4973still using this video up till now. And I must say this is one of the funniest and at the same time realistic comments ever seen😂😂😂. Bro you looked into the future
SOOO FREAKING GREAT!!! Love ur explanations! THANK YOU! SO helpful for my STEP prep rn
So in first aid it says that MCAD is hypoketotic/hypoglycemic but on the video states that MCAD is nonketotic. I just wanted to know how to distinguish between the two?
i am confuse also, is Ketotic of non Ketotic?
Tanks alot learning from Nigeria got an A in the course tanks
Love your expression "long amount" (length, quantity) !!
idk how high yield this is but the carnitine system is only used by FA with 14-22 carbons
This is so enjoyable and understandable
how does systemic primary carnitine deficiency lead directly to hypoglycemia?
you are amazing, Dirty Medicine.
This is exactly what I needed
"Starvation" is induced when one hasn't eaten for 12 hours. Which is why NOT snacking after dinner = weight loss, when you skip breakfast and wait to eat until after lunch. There are major health benefits to doing this.
You're the man 👏
Unreal! Thanks so much!
you're LEGENDARY!
Amazing explanation!
Thank you Dirty
You are amazing!!
Dude i know you are a great person by providing these content but according to Uworld your Disease page has some errors on it please correct it BOTH SYSTEMIC PRIMARY CARNITINE DEFICIENCY AND MEDIUM CHAIN FATTY ACYL COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY CAN HAVE HYPOKETOTIC HYPOGLYCEMIA
That’s what he said. ‘Non-ketonic’ meaning hypoketonic
Actually, according to AMBOSS, all 3 types + Long Chain Hydroxyl Acyl-CoA synthase deficiency can lead to Hypoketotic hypoglycemia
Please add this to the biochemistry playlist
love you, thanks
very concise explanation!
Nice job
Dirty I have a question for you. WHY and HOW the fatty Acyl-CO-A crosses freely through the outer membrane without any help but not through the inner membrane????🤔🤔🤔
why does systemic primary carnitine deficiency show hypoketosis while medium chain fatty acyl coA dehydrogenase deficiency shows no ketones? shouldn't they both show no ketones based on the logic in the pathways shown?
They both show no ketones. Hypoketosis = no ketones
@@thsmusicboy how do we differentiate between both clinically?
I LOVE UR VIDEOSSS OH YEAHHHHHH INAMMMMM
You are amazing 🎉❤
Thanks 👍 for ur videos but what of the main pathway of lipolysis
What if there's 13 carbon?
Lmao Dirty you said exactly what I've been thinking for all of Dedicated when you were like "the reason why this is high yield is because...well it's just some minutiae you have to memorize" STEP would not be the beast it is if they cut out all the random bullshit
My heroooooo
Thank you very much! This video is very helpful
Hello dirty medicine , can you add the slides file you explain to the video description and it will be useful to me
Thank you for the nice job you do and best wishes.
Amazing 👏 🙀
Thank you so much for this❤️
In medium chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase deficiency, isn't it HYPOketotic Hypoglycemia, instead of NON-KETOTIC? First Aid says Hypo
Noticed this too
I didn’t hear you mention the role of Carnitine Acyl Translocase (CACT) in the carnitinie shuttle system?Is it to be ignored?
i love your videos!!!
Bro You are the best
The whole video is extremely high yield point
Nice video 👍
Just awesome!
Why do you make a distinction between non-ketotic and hypo-ketotic? In both instances, ketones cannot be produced. Thanks!
Can Cetyle coa get coverted back yo pyruvate to creat more glucose?
Thank you!
Maybe a dumb question, hypoketotic vs non-ketotic? hypo ketones are low, but still deteactable? non, they're undetectable?
Why just first aid say MCAD defficiency is hypoketotic hypoglycaemia?
Love your videos! thank you so much! Can someone clarify please why in Systemic primary carnitine deficiency you can't get fatty acyl CoA into mitochondrial membrane? I thought it can diffuse through and then use CAT1? :( Brain. Fried.
thank you
I don't understand why hypoglycemia occurs? What does it mean when you can't mobilize energy stores because of fatty acyl not being able to be transported, or form acetyl coA?
can't we just form glucose thru gluconeogenesis or glycolysis? or is he specifically referring to periods of starvation
That’s what I’m thinking too
Very helpful !!! Thanks a lot! 👍
Thanks!👏
Thank you for your videos dirty!
Meanwhile my exam is gonna ask what is the size of a 13 carbon chain fatty acid
Please what is produced during incomplete oxidation of fatty acid?
Thank you sir
Glycolysis link please am unable to search it. BTW you are awesome
this is so great
Thank you----!
We never got the answer to 6+6. I really hope that doesn't come up in step.
God bless you!
god i hate that i have to learn this in medical school, but i appreacite your content making it bearable and fun.
I can not thank you enough. My step one is in a few days. I scored like 92 percentile on biochem/biology MCAT, but in med school, pathology is just way more important so I haven't studied biochem that much over the last 4 years. Why don't you charge for your vids? I mean I am glad you don't because sketchy+ U world + B&B + USMLE Rx + pathoma = breaking the bank. Why don't they make a USMLE study bundle package?!