NEOPLASIA 3: TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES: Retinoblastoma Gene, Knudson's Two Hit Hypothesis.

This short tutorial explains the general concepts of tumor suppressor genes and a detailed explaination of Retinoblastoma gene
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Tumor suppression genes- general aspects
Retinoblastoma gene
Knudson’s two Hit Hypothesis
Role of RB in regulation of cell cycle
Mechanism of inactivation of RB
Tumors associated with RB gene mutations
Tumor suppressor proteins( products of TSG)
Regulate cell growth by applying brakes to cell proliferation ( Growth Inhibition)
Failure of growth inhibition is seen in carcinogenesis
Loss of function of these genes is a key event in carcinogenesis
Retinoblastoma Gene ( RB Gene)
First discovered Tumor suppressor gene
Chromosome 13q14
Retinoblastoma: is a childhood tumor with inactivation of this gene.
Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis
Two mutations ( hits) involving both the alleles of TSG ( here RB gene) is a basic requisite for the development of tumor
Retinoblastoma can occur as hereditary or sporadic form
Explanation for the same is given by Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis
RB protein- product of RB gene
Key role in regulation of the cell cycle
“Governor” of the cell cycle
So, How does RB gets inactivated ?OrHow does the Antiproliferative activity of RB is nullified?
1. Germline & somatic
Loss of function Mutations of RB Gene
2. Gene Amplifications of CDK 4 and
Cyclin D genes
3. Functional inactivation of RB
Tumors associated with RB Gene mutations
Retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Glioblastomas
Small cell carcinomas of lung
Breast cancers &
Bladder cancers
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Please watch: "WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?"
• NEOPLASIA 6: WARBURG E...
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[@satadruray9787]

Absolutely brilliant sir. As a practicing surgical oncologist since more than 25 years, as also a teaching faculty in a medical college, I really appreciate the clarity and lucidity of your excellent presentation. Thank you so much.

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Pls do continue generating such interesting videos

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

😂 😂 👌 👍 thank you 😊

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Fr you’re amazing I can’t even shouttttt!!!!

[@Albaraaf]

You explanations of complicated topics makes it so much easy to understand and comprehend the topics that are discussed in dozens of pages. I've been always looking forward for your tutorials. THANK YOU SO MUCH for all the effort.

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

Albaraa Alfaraidi thanks for those kind words :-)

[@albertranglong]

Is there any notes available and is it helpful in university exam ? Please let me know

[@iamjaya3179]

Its never a boring subject if u have a great teacher

[@drabdul86]

Randomly came here and WOW , u have made difficult topic capable of understanding , Thanks

[@dhritimadas6357]

Easy to understand... concept clear ....
Respect & love from core of my heart

[@drnirmalraut]

never understood retinoblastoma gene this better

[@crazyrobin5]

Haha.. That's the problem sir.. We being an oncologist... Just are entangled with the trials... Basics and core fundamentals, I feel are given the least weightage.. 🙏

[@venkateshwarlugangishetty8853]

Your explanations r making my preparation very easy.
Thanks a lot sir 😊😊

[@ranan2682]

very useful video thx from the heart

[@shifapathan8386]

Finally understanding the topic..tons of pages made soo easy thank you sir..

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

😊 thank you

[@brandonjackson2730]

This is absolutely fantastic! Very well explained thank you sir.

[@dikshadinker4313]

Understand LOH after years of reading cancer. Thank you!

[@mangalthorat7951]

Thanks alot..Very informative and easy to understand video on this topic.It helped me a lot .

[@debigdogk9563]

Great teaching and illustrations thank you for teaching and sharing ❤❤❤❤❤

[@amruthb8524]

very good explanation, , thank you sir

[@leonardunganai8589]

I couldn’t be more grateful🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽😩😩

[@aggieruiru1999]

Your make everything so simple to understand , thank you Sir

[@SuperAirbus123]

Thank you sir..
It helped me a lot..😌😌

[@poornimakadam1330]

Beautiful explanation

[@Aestheticbeeee]

Your explanation is mind-blowing. Very useful thanks alooottt

[@zeelbaraiya7916]

Thank you Sir🙌🏻

[@coolmitochondria4467]

thank you so much for this, you are a lifesaver

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Aaah people are missing out on content 🤩

[@madhupreethi7072]

Crystal clear topics ...tq...excepting more videos from hematology

[@saramohammadi8578]

Thanks a lot, I was struggling a lot with this concept for my cancer biology exam :)

[@tinyhunter2419]

Thank you sir for this beautiful explanation. Please do a video series on wbc malignancies

[@nahiralejandra91]

Your content is so good I don’t even skip the ads.

[@biotopper5390]

I love the way you teach sir .. god bless you with still more knowledge 💖...
If possible plz upload more videos tqvm sir

[@pallavis9533]

Finally understood the topic ❤️ Thank you sir.

[@randsa2588]

Thank you doctor 🌸 i call this simplicity 👌🏻

[@thashreen3537]

Thank u soo much sir!

[@MohamedAlfaatih-c1k]

felt very grateful thank you so much

[@maryam00005]

Thank you sooooo much ... robbins is a piece of cake cuz of you

[@Artsylove4]

Thank you so much sir!!!

[@oviya7715]

Good explanation easy to understand useful for my exams

[@Varshneymicrobes]

The gene for retinoblastoma is transmitted along with a gene for esterase D to which it is closely linked. However, either of the two alleles for esterase D can be transmitted with either allele for retinoblastoma. How do you know that retinoblastoma is not the direct effect of the esterase D genotype?
Please give explanation....

[@visallinivasanthan1523]

Thank u so much ...it was very useful 👏🏼

[@saurabh_sahani]

10000% solid concept

[@kavishasoni9127]

Sir I m very grateful ..very nice explaination

[@kanugulatejasri369]

Thankyou so much sir

[@safaaalesawi7437]

Very good thanks

[@Blesspame]

Very helpful

[@subhamkarmakar3320]

Awesome content 🔥

[@DoraDora-z7c]

Sir, what is loss of function mutations for RB protein ? Can you please make a video on this topic 😢

[@ashwini16k]

Awesome. ❤

[@jeyshreechandrashekar8936]

very helpful

[@immdhil1814]

I love these ❤️

[@drneelz]

Very happy to the vedio..you made easy for me as preparing for oncosurgery

[@yasinkhan644]

Well played !! Thank you

[@geethatamilselvan4619]

Very useful... thank u so much sir ..

[@abijeyarajan2173]

Clear explanation and easy to grasp the information 🙏🏼

[@rukhsarshaikh8322]

Thank you so much..
It really helpful

[@archanasingh3587]

Super explanation

[@sarahmina1442]

Thank you!
Why is the retinoblastoma unilateral in 60% of cases? Since there are ×2 hits (in both chromosomes) it should be bilateral. (Affects both retinas).

[@RESHMAPNAIR-ii5hl]

Great explanation.... Too good.... Robbins can be made so simple?

[@sangeetachoudhury2411]

Great explanation....Thanks for helping

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

You are most welcome

[@poonampayal6737]

Thank you but please make more videos

[@faheemullah7592]

Conceptual approach 👌

[@osagiodagbonegbon8735]

Thanks for this

[@nileshlifesciences9601]

Very well explained

[@geethabalamurugan9641]

A plenty of thanks sir.... waiting for systematic pathology videos

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

Very soon

[@benazirnowshath9002]

Excellent explanation sir! 👏

[@bayraktararda]

Your explanations are very good but if you speak more slowly it will be better to understand

[@noorusamaa9931]

YOU’RE THE BEST! Thankyou so much

[@athirasivanand4756]

Excellent video

[@moosehoez7485]

the sound is not good I am quite disappointed

[@jaymakwana1776]

Really helpful video. Thank you😊

[@komancikartal]

thank u, great explanation

[@Stressed_PhD_0831]

Great job!, thanks!

[@ravipriya2012]

Excellent explanation.thankyou sir

[@sumitgurjar818]

Beautiful explanation..

[@DrVaishnaviVP]

Excellent. Thank you sir.

[@medicalknowledge7950]

Very useful 👍

[@nahidhaboub3316]

You are amazing thank you sir thank you very much

[@silasrotich5436]

Excellent!

[@alamielizabeth]

Gracias

[@dr.dharmilshah]

Too good 🙌

[@wasim1880]

How normal cell divided? If RB gene is inhibit the cell to go S phase of cell cycle.??

[@kanishjain9390]

So wonderful . Thank you. You can also checkout my article in pediatriconcall on the same topic

[@Jagannadhpeela]

good presentation

[@smanna25]

Excellent

[@tamilanda2678]

Wishes from madurai medical college😇

[@spek2554]

What happens if you eat food containing cancer cells or tumor?

[@JahangirAlam-qm7kn]

Thank you

[@Malala-Jan]

English subtitles?

[@Dr_Shkar]

May I know your specific references, for example for the pictures, please?

[@anandsingh4071]

which is more common inherited or acquired retinoblastoma??

[@kimberlyparagele8828]

Thank you.

[@mehrinsamed2475]

thanku sir

[@naveeddar8542]

U r ossm sir

[@rabbianadeem9101]

Which book do u follow?

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

Robbins Pathology
Also Rubins

[@rashidakhatoon4541]

Thankew you so much

[@Interestingworld4567]

Thanks 💚😊

[@ayushshah7592]

Awesome

[@cindya2760]

Thanks

[@aranosaur]

thank you saar

[@abdallah6755]

thanks a lot

[@animsegoviasanchez4364]

3:15
RB

[@mahfuzajebun5968]

Awesome. Thanks a lot

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

Thanks. Glad you liked it. Any suggestions are welcome.

[@atulyanair6828]

Can you share the notes also?

[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

Most of the content is available on www.ilovepathology.com 😊