NEOPLASIA 2: HALLMARKS OF CANCER : Protooncogenes, Oncogenes & Oncoproteins

In this video i have discussed 8 hallmarks of cancer and also about the role of oncogenes and oncoproteins in cancer
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Hallmarks of cancer
8 fundamental changes
Protooncogenes , oncogenes & Oncoproteins
Role of Oncogenes in cancer
Definition
A disorder of cell growth
Triggered by a series of acquired mutations
Affecting a single cell and its clonal progeny
HALLMARKS OF CANCER
1. Self sufficiency in the growth Signals
2. Insensitivity to antigrowth/ growth inhibitory signals
3.Evasion of Apoptosis
4. Limitless Replicative Potential
5. Sustained Angiogenesis
6. The Ability to invade and Metastasize
7. Reprogramming Energy Metabolism
8. Evasion of Immune System
enablers
9. Genomic Instability
10.Tumor promoting inflammation
SELF SUFFICIENCY IN GROWTH SIGNALS
Oncogenes: They promote unregulated proliferation/Autonomous cell growth
(Self sufficiency in growth signals)
The unmutated counterparts of Oncogenes are “proto oncogenes”
Growth factors: Cancer cells develop growth self sufficiency ( Synthesize self responsive growth factors)
Eg: a. PDGF - Glioblastomas
b. TGF-α - Sarcomas
c. FGF - Breast ca
2. Growth factor receptors:Cancer cells encode for growth factro receptors.
a. EGF-receptor family: ERB-B1 (overexpression) Squamous cell carcinoma
b. CSF-1 receptor: FMS (point mutation) - Leukemia
c. PGDF receptor: PGDF-R (overexpression) - Gliomas
3. Signal transduction proteins - Receive growth promoting signals.
Eg. RAS family (point mutation) - Ca colon, lung. Pancreas
4. Nuclear regulatory proteins: Transcriptional activators
Eg: C-MYC (translocated) - Burkitt lymphoma
N-MYC (Amplification) - Ca lung,
5. Cell cycle regulatory proteins:
Eg: Cyclin D (Translocation) Ca breast, Ca esophagus
CDK4 (Amplification) Melanoma
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Please watch: "WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?"
• NEOPLASIA 6: WARBURG E...
~-~~-~~~-~~-~

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Please upload more videos specifically in general pathology 🙏🙏

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[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

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[@ilovepathologyVijayPatho]

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Awful sound quality