The Difference Between Caliph, Sultan, Emir & more | Ranks of Middle Eastern Monarchs Explained
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- Опубліковано 30 чер 2024
- Project Middle East: • Project Middle East
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00:00 Introduction
00:34 Shah/Shahanshah/Padishah
01:38 Malik (King)
03:14 Hākim/Hakem
03:34 Imam
03:51 Caliph
05:13 Wali al-Ahd (Designated Heir)
06:13 Emir
07:25 Sultan
We will go over the different tiers and ranks of monarchs within the middle east.
Music by Vindsvept (Munin's Return)
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CC BY 4.0 License: creativecommons.org/licenses/...
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Sources:
books.google.co.uk/books?id=f...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padishah
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakim_(...)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamate
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate
Kadi, Wadad; Shahin, Aram A. (2013). "Caliph, caliphate". The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought: 81-86
Al-Rasheed, Madawi; Kersten, Carool; Shterin, Marat (2012). Demystifying the Caliphate: Historical Memory and Contemporary Contexts. Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-932795-9. (books.google.co.uk/books?id=E...)
Ringmar, Erik (2020). 4. The Muslim Caliphates. OBP collection. Open Book Publishers. pp. 73-100. ISBN 978-1-78374-024-6. Retrieved 7 April 2022. (books.openedition.org/obp/9091)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wali_al...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emir
web.archive.org/web/201608070...
www.datarabia.com/royals/famil...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_...
James Edward Montgomery (2004). ʻAbbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ʻAbbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6-10 July 2002. Peeters Publishers. p. 83. ISBN 978-90-429-1433-9. (books.google.co.uk/books?id=V...)
Riad Aziz Kassis (1999). The Book of Proverbs and Arabic Proverbial Works. BRILL. p. 65. ISBN 90-04-11305-3. (books.google.co.uk/books?id=_...)
Kramers, J.H.; Bosworth, C.E.; Schumann, O.; Kane, Ousmane (2012). "Sulṭān". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill.
Duri, A.A. (2012). "Amīr". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill.
Esposito, John L., ed. (2003). "Sultan". The Islamic World: Past and Present. Oxford University Press.
Turan, Ebru (2009). "Sultan". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press.
Sultan was usually reserved to warlords who claimed land as their own domain. It literally means "one who holds power" and all of the early ones where military leaders. The reason the Ottomans called themselves Sultans was also because they saw themselves as a martial society and carved out their own kingdom from their enemies.
Warrior King or Military Ruler but its still close to King in Europe as to be fair there is usually a ton of wars in the Medieval period so destinction wasn't really a concern in Europe at the time.
Not really they're effectively a king but with different title they don't have to be a military leader to be a sultan.
@@dindin8753 They almost always started by warlords and then their descendants would carry on the title
@@ntluck1592 well yeah cuz technically most nations in history are ruled by warlords at first for example charlemagne, Alfred the great, gilgamesh, Cyrus the great, kingdom of Israel and etc.
you are saying that because you are a christian so you’re wrong
Very nice explanation!
Thanks!
This was very informative. I regrettably don't know much abut the history or power structure of the middle east, but this seems like a good framework to understand some of the terminology.
Thank you for making this!
Having the chapters is a nice touch!
Great video as always. You did a good job explaining this rather complicated topic.
Thanks to project meadal east, through which I reaced to this video, I knew it but not confident on knowledge, I india similar terms were used to rank the structure.
Glad to see you are back!
Thanks for the video!
Wow! This is the first video I have seen from Kobean History in a while. So glad to see this one today. Thank you!
Caliph and Caliphate.
Sultan and Sultanate
Emir and Emirate
Malik and Mulk
Badshah/Padishah and
Hakeem.
These 6 terms used ond
Very well made, however I just wanted to add a small correction.
Hakim is still used today. Although individual states of the United Arab Emirates are called Emirates, they do not use the term Emir. Only Kuwait and Qatar uses Emir. The Emirates of the UAE use the term Hakim in Arabic, Hakim Dubai/Abu Dhabi/Sharjah etc to distinguish which Emirate the leader governs.
There is also the term Sheikh, which means the leader of a tribe and is a title given to the leader of a specific tribe. It is also a term given to a community's Imam and judge who settles dispute between people.
Loved this video!
Here in the Philippines,in olden days we have Sultan,Datu and Rajah
I like your videos - very educational. No fluff - just the facts. Thanks for your work.
the 'election' of the caliph/ruler is strangely similar to that of the holy roman empire.
arabia used to have some kind of limited democracy, and it served them well; i hope that they can get something like it again.
That and the Caliph also has a number of similarities to other Emperors, being both the Religious and at times Political head of the State (like the Byzantine and Chinese Emperors) as well as a Figure head (like how the Emperors of Japan became puppets to the Shogun)
Please keep these up!
Thanks,now I understand 👍
To add
Sultan means absolute authority whoever have that over his domain is a sultan it can be an empire city-state or kingdom
Weirdly enough in some cases in Europe its normal to have a King/Queen run an Empire (e.g the Anguvin Empire) but without the title of Emperor either because they don't want beef with the Holy Roman Empire and by extension the Church or because it was seen as unfashionable as after the Protestant reformation.
(I will say that Sultan is a more flexible term though as in its basic sense its just Military Ruler)
@@forickgrimaldus8301 sultan is close to dicator in roman empire a khaliffah was seen as a religious leader and under him where sultan who controlled state as absolute authority like a shogunate
@@iliaselmaghrebi9114 yeah I mention in another chat that it oddly remined me of the Shoguns and Emperors of Japan but Sultan is more like just a fancyer way of calling someone a Warrior King or Leader but with out the special title that is Shogun.
@@forickgrimaldus8301 is shogun a special title ? I believe it means military leader so in terminology its closer to emir but in function its like a sultan
But i do not know much about japan so i may be wrong
@@iliaselmaghrebi9114 yes but in contrast to how Sultan is used its more prestegious of a title basically the equivalent of head of the military as in the most powerful Feudal Lord. (In Contrast Sultan is a bit more modest as it just means practically a Military leader not really Leader of the Islamic State's Military)
Bahrain wasn’t an independent country before 1971, that’s why the ruler was named “hakem” i.e. it’s not equivalent to the king rank
I think Sultan and Malik are the same tier of title which mean king or emperor according to context but Sultan have religious connotation though both are worldly titles. Caliph on the other hand should be considered the similar type of title as the Pope or Dalai Lama. Even though they govern worldly political entities they are mainly titles for spiritual leadership who have universal authority in theory.
Then what about Beg or Sheik? Are they comparable to the like of count or marquis or what are they?
Also Nigeria has the Sultan of Sokoto, who is the ruler of the Sokoto Caliphate.
Based Sultan
What is the difference of caliph, sultan, cakravartin, and devaraja?
Selim I was the first Ottoman to be called Caliph.
Greeting to all Shahs from Shahanshah Cyrus the Great to Shah Ismaeil I and mohammadreza Shah of Iran🇮🇷🌺
Waliy ahed means crown prince
Ι think you forgot Khan?
What about Badshah, used by rulers like Akbar in India?
malik is king, but in Islam was saw as a little negative, too arrogant for man to call himself "malik".
So title of highest ruler in early Islam - was "amir al-mu'minin" - "commander of believers", also, more rarely, known as "khalifa" (in Europe - reverse, they call someone "he was amir al mu'minin" more rarely than "he was a khalif").
So then a Caliph is like the Muslim Pope?
Egypt is in Africa.
Someone wrote the same thing on my video...
And in asia
@@ahmedsaleh9509 getting some land in Asia didn't mean you are one, so is turkey , spanish get land in africa doesn't mean they can call they self one
Malik is Arabic. Shah is persian
Yup but both means well King its basically the Rex/King situation in Europe