Coosa . . . the Rediscovery of an Ancient Native American Capital
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- Опубліковано 11 жов 2024
- The creation of Carters Lake was the inspiration for the book and blockbuster movie, "Deliverance." When visited by Hernando de Soto in 1540, Coosa was the largest and most powerful indigenous province in North America. Its capital contained over 3,000 houses. De Soto planned there to return to build the capital of La Florida on the scale of Mexico City. Of course, it inhabitants did not realize that their hospitality was going to be rewarded with Spanish tyranny. That never happened and over time, the Coosa capital was abandoned and its location forgotten. Then 430 years later, the construction of Carters Lake over those ruins became one of Georgia's biggest political controversies of the 20th century. The public was not told that the impounded waters would cover at least 12 Native towns and one of them was probably Coosa. Water was already covering the archaeological site, when the public was told of its existence. In 2006, at the behest of Judge Patrick Moore of the Muscogee-Creek Nation, a massive computer virtual reality model of Carters Bottom was created. For the first time, this video presents that digital model to the general public.
Yeah Richard Thornton! Thank you for continually seeking the truth that historians do not want to hear. Your Creek heritage is honorable as you are! As a very honorable Creek person, scholar, expert on Mayan & much more, i am grateful/ delighted to see your work respected, honored, and blessed. Thank you for your hard work! Be even more blessed with more folks listening and hearung and acting toward the real truth. Until met again, stay string. Wado Zan Wolf Clan Cherokee
Thank you sir. I had heard that there were also some Cherokee Thorntons. Have a blessed weekend.
Its not hes claiming to be y Uchee/Yuchi and you believe it
@@nojman12 Exactly he ain't one of US and if he really respected all of our tribes all throughout North America.... Not just in the SOUF!!!! EAST WEST AND THE NAWF!!!! WE ALL OVER THIS LAND.
HE'D TELL US TO RECLAIM ALL OF OUR SHIT.......THEY GO WHEREVER THEY CAME FROM OR STAY AND PAY THE AMERICAN INDIANS/AMERINDIANS TAXES TO LIVE HERE👊🏾👊🏾👊🏾
WE ARE NOT AND NEVER HAVE BEEN AFRICANS.... WE ARE AME-RICANS!!!!!
@@nojman12 here in Oklahoma the yuchi and creek have same ceramonial grounds and traditions so nothing wrong with a yuchi claiming to be creek kinda the same people
Most of the time they are more specific, Delaware use to be part of Cherokee tribe for awhile. Most southeastern woodland Indians have the same culture we are all connected
I actually live in Northern Georgia in the mountains and have been fascinated by the Coosa and their interactions with the Cherokee and the white settlers. I've been trying to find a translation of De Soto's account of them, and this very interesting video is helping me learn more. Thank you!
De Soto did not have any contacts with the Cherokees. This is a myth created in very recent years by people on the North Carolina Reservation. It is kind of odd since most of the rivers in western North Carolina (including Oconaluftee) are Creek words. There are no Cherokees words mentioned in the De Soto Chronicles. All French and Dutch maps show the Cherokees living in southern Quebec until 1650 then quickly migrating southward to get away from the Iroquois. The earliest map of the Southeast to have a word like Cherokee on it was the 1715 John Bedford map which showed them living in extreme NE Tennessee and a few villages in the extreme NW corner of South Carolina . . . but all of those villages had Itsate Creek names. They may have been Itsate Creeks, who preferred being allied with the Cherokees rather than Muskogee-speaking Creeks.
@@peopleofonefire9643 I misspoke, I was meaning I'm trying to find De Soto's chronicles to see what he said about the Coosa 😅. I am well aware of the Cherokee being "new arrivals" to the region and De Soto would've never met them. There's actually some local stories about the Creek and the Cherokee still fighting from the descendants of the first European settlers when they arrived, though the oral history is much harder to track. I apologize if I came off as ignorant.
@@noahjohnson935 Actually, the Creeks and Cherokees were allies within the Apalachen Confederacy until 1716. The stories about ancient wars were made up by white people. However, in both cases, it was individual tribes, who were the members of the Apalachen Confederacy.. In the early 1700s these tribes joined together to form the Cherokee Alliance and Creek Confederacy.
@@noahjohnson935 Were you aware that one branch of the Cherokees, the Valley or Tomatla Cherokees, carry high levels of Maya DNA? The other branches don't.
@@peopleofonefire9643 Richard Thornton am Cherokee I didn't know that that's why I love listening and learning from you , you tell me something and then I go down a rabbit hole and it's proven right through time , like harsting shade our deputy chief chugasu said when we got our fire and traditions it was a feathered dragon that spoke through the fire can't be more meso American then that , and our oragin story says when came from an island south of America
Barking dogs! My two herd dog pups drove me crazy, while I was trying to create this important video. It's like owning two juvenile Velociraptors . . . extremely intelligent and athletic. There were five attempts to produce a decent video. I finally gave up since it is now illegal in Georgia to put a muzzle on a non-attack dog. This weekend they became jealous of the attention I was giving my computer. Attempt One: They came into the studio and played "Queen on the mountain" with my office desk until I gave up trying to record a video. Attempt Two: I shut the door of the studio. They barked and jumped on the door until I gave up trying to record. Attempt Three: I locked them in my bedroom upstairs. They howled like wolves or moaned as if I was torturing them, until I gave up and stopped trying to record. Attempt Four: I gave the dogs beef rib bones and chicken broth in the kitchen. When they finished the broth, they brought their bones in here and laid down at my feet, contented with chewing on their bones. However, when I played back the video, you could hear crunching bones throughout the video. Final attempt Five: I gave the pups a big platter of cooked chicken and rice in the kitchen. When finished with their meal, they raced into my studio to warn me that a garbage truck had emptied my Curb-Buddy. They came in several more times to either bark to tell me that their was a squirrel in the front yard or to stand on their hind legs and then use their front legs to push my hand off the computer mouse. A fellow jest can't get no respect! Well, at least you now know that I am not a professional Hollywood producer. You probably didn't think that anyway. LOL
Kinda like my attempts to listen to this video; one hour in and I've made it to minute 8:07... The noise here is like a falsetto of My Little Pony Friendship is Magic!
I am sorry. I am not picking up any strange noises. WOULD YOU BELIEVE that when I tried to do the Teotihuacan video, the two herd dog pups started it up again. First they woke up suddenly and started barking. Then when I started over again, the male pup brought in a bone, sat at my feet and started crunching on a deer bone, which he had brought in from the woods especially to drive me crazy.
People of One Fire couldn't stop laughing, I know what's it like, having dogs myself. They do get very jealous and wanting attention at the most awkward times. Byron a more serious note loved the video, had no idea that this existed. Keep up the great work. So sad to hear about the grave robbers. Are there any other books to read. I'm from Sydney,Australia
@@kevinhayes6933 The good news is that the pups are all grown up now. I still like to come into my office for recording sessions, but as you notice in the recent videos, they are quite as mice!
People of One Fire you can get someone to take them for a walk ,if they start again. But as you said it's been quite
Thank you for your research.
Thank you for the compliment!
I live in Childersburg,Al where a village of the Coosa nation was. Supposedly, DeSoto had Ill crew members and stayed in the village where the Creeks nursed them back to health. I know where several hidden burial mounds are between the mouths of Talladega and Tallaseehatchee creeks going into the Coosa river. In the winter when they lower the water, you can still find arrowhead and artifacts on the creek beds. Great video
That whole story about the sick conquistadors being mended and DeSoto coming through Childersburg is not true unfortunately. I'm from the area as well and have found European artifacts from the mid 18th century possibly early 19th century that the Indians traded but definitely not 16th century Spanish artifacts. The town of coosa was there but not in the 1540s. They showed up to Childersburg in the 1750s at least that's what Benjamin Hawkin had said as well as judging the condition of the town when he traveled through here in 1799. He said the town of coosa was abandoned and in ruins with it's people having assimilated with the local Creek people in the area. Some accounts have the abhika creek who supposedly lived 5 miles up tallaseehstchee creek as the descendants of the old coosa people. This is all just my opinion from the things I've read and what I've found along with what others have found in that specific area between those creeks. I do believe the last town of Coosa was in Childersburg though, it's prime being in the 1750s and it's abandonment in the 1790s. And Alabama power doesn't lower Lay lake in the winter, only every 7 years.
Thank You for making this video of my people & heritage, Creek Indian. Funny observation, my 23yr old son is a Sr at Troy, & is in Lamda Chi Alpha frat. 😊
Richard, is there a way I could get in touch with you? I have a property overlooking carters bottom and I would like to put up a display with information and imagery to honor and teach the history of the area below. Would appreciate any assistance you could provide!
Contact me at PeopleofOneFire@aol.com
I have been going to stomp grounds and found out its all about the corn culture and started making stickball sticks fell in love with the game
I found our my mother’s ppl is from the coosa chiefdom
I am really quite happy I discovered your channel-- a few years late. I've been researching the Native American history in my area of the Upper Ohio River Valley area of PA WV and Ohio as well as The Monongahela River and it's larger tributaries and it didnt take long to realize the woefully incomplete story we get from Academia is mostly lies. The historical record doesn't line up with the narrative at all and the evidence is that what supports the narrative or it no longer exists. And no one listens to what the Natives themselves say is their story. All roads seem to lead back to John Wesley Powell and the Dept of Ethnogology.
That's really a pretty area, where you are focusing your research. Years ago, while I was living in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, we went up to see Falling Water, the house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. There explored the region. A lot of the valleys feel like a "Lost World" or Shangra La.
@@peopleofonefire9643my wife was a tour guide there in her college days and we currently live within 10 miles from Fallingwater. It is a beautiful area! They've opened up a second Frank Loyd Wright house for tours btw. Kentuck Knob. Well worth a tour!
Love your video sir didn't have a clue they was anything in the lower lake. But a lot of rocks . To the right side almost at the dam is a creek. With mounds is that one of the Indian mounds?
The elite town was to the west of the confluence of the Coosawattee River and Talking Rock Creek. The Commoner's town was on the east side of that confluence. The Elite town begins on the other side of that inlet next to the lower dam. That ridge you see across the inlet near the dam is where the De Soto Expedition camped.
@@peopleofonefire9643 Thank you sir I'm a fisherman I always wondered if they was native American sites. After your video I was amazed of the history.
Love ur work. My only negative is: i had hard time.hearing you with flute music. I want.to hear ya!
Same here. 15 min area was worse part just a min or two maybe
Should show pics of the pups lol
I'm from chatsworth ga is there any way we could speak
First, contact me via email. This comment section is visible to the whole world. PeopleOfOneFire@aol.com
Very interesting.
Did these peoples get wiped out by pox? Or ge oso de by other tribes? Outstanding presentation by the way.
No one knows what happened. The most likely answer is European diseases. The province of Kusa dwarfed any conventional Native American tribe elsewhere in North America. They were far more advanced technologically than northern or western tribes. Then there is the sheer numbers. The Spanish counted over 3000 houses in the capital alone.
I truly believe my family's land is haunted. It's in weogufka on harmony road. I've seen an actual indian burial mound in the field in front of the neighbors house. Strange things happen down there.
You are not imagining things. The reason that I bring long my herd dogs with me, when looking for lost Native town sites is that they can see ghosts. One time, while I was studying the Bond Creek Swamp archaeological sites that are now part of Ocmulgee National Historical Park, my three dogs played with "spirit children" for over an hour. The Coosa River Basin of Alabama, where you live, was once densely inhabited, but plagues and slave raids had wiped out or driven out the aboriginal population by the time the French arrived. Probably, the people there were related to the Alabamu.
By the way, Acosta is the name of a clan of Spanish gold miners, who lived in the Nacoochee Valley of Georgia, where I now live. The Acosta Trail between the Nacoochee Valley and St. Augustine, FL was named after them. They were mixed Spanish-Creek Indian.
@@peopleofonefire9643 that's right! Both sides of my family are from Jacksonville Florida and surrounding areas like st Augustine. My grandfather was in the navy and bought the land in coosa before I was born but I was one of the only ones in my family born and raised in coosa county.
Do you know which tribe was on the land decatur alabama sits on. Southern border of the tennessee river as it crosses the middle of the state. Shen i walk the trail at point mallard, it feels like some kind of pre- civil war Native tribe history there.
Interesting observations. I've noticed similarities of findings in art at Cahokia and other places similar to the ancient cities of Mexico, Central and South America. As well as architecture design, worship, diet, medicine, mathematics and astronomy. Watson Brake began in 3500 B.C.E. taking about 500 yrs to complete and said to predate the pyramids of Egypt and Stonehenge. Trying to understand a better timelines of ancient cities and people that what was taught years ago. Though I'm not sure I believed fully that everyone of my ancestors migrated from the land bridge I'm more convinced of an alternative route going North from South America. My DNA results and ruling out all connected relatives to only those with the same Cherokee ancestors show Indigenous North America and either Indigenous Mexico, Central America, Andes and/or a few of us also with Spain. Some more digging and I found the Cave of Altamira in Spain had a clovis artifact dating about 14,000 yrs ago. As well, Monte Verde, Chile also has one. Venezuela is also referenced to them. Some form of trade perhaps, but certainly explains how Spain (native, not the invaders) came to results in Cherokee (my line, at least) including additional indigenous dna and none of us show Asia/Siberia. If it was through the invaders, it would mean them traveling North and then to the Eastern United States in a very short amount of time, creating an ancestor through the Cherokee and then going down to myself and others. Not sure that makes sense how I wrote it. However, the reference points of additional DNA are through Indigenous not European or Spanish invaders. Hopefully that makes sense. Still though, a theory, as the majority would like to believe every Native person traveled a land bridge.
Everything you say is absolutely true. I don't know where you live, but this winter we will be going on site to some newly discovered archaeological sites in Northeast Georgia. Some of the founders of the Olmec Civilization migrated to NE Georgia to escape the Aztecs. You and friends are invited.
@@peopleofonefire9643 Oh my word, that would be wonderful. I'm in Alaska, but when are you taking the journey? I'd love to go my email is warflowersociety@gmail.com to provide me more detail. Watching one of your other videos on the petroglyphs and reference to Sweden. I have seen Sweden on myself and cousins direct to my Cherokee ancestors and only that line. I have yet to see Sweden as a location for any relatives on any tree branches, many of which go quite far back. It would explain a lot, as does I believe the connection to Spain and us having Andes, Mexico or Central besides North America Indigenous. I know that one of our Cherokee direct ancestors was Annie Beehunter whom was adopted into the Cherokee tribe but originally Shawnee. I grew up in Knob Noster when I was young. It wasn't until long after did I learn of it's origins. However, it was clear there was some battles, in hindsight I'd often find arrowheads as well as charcoal that would fall apart in my fingers. My neighbor's yard, down the road a little bit, did not have sod and fertilizer put in. Wild berry bushes grew there and her yard was mostly a pink clay. This was all further down from the main mound with the water tower, about 30 minutes along Highway 50 if I remember correct. I look forward to information about your journey, I'd quite like to go and will need to figure out how to do so and what things I must bring. Thank you / Wado for the invitation.
It makes PERFECT sense
Some Cherokee claim to be Jews they were going to DNA but I never saw the results. There was a Knight's of Templar uniform found in a cave that predated Columbus so I'm sure that it's very possible to have European blood mixed in by the time of Columbus
Siyo mr thorton i had a chance to talk about the cherokee with you once just wondering who were the tioenteca where do they come from our origin story says an island south of america and only seven boats made it which made the seven clans , and other stories say we had a priest class that was sacrificing people but we did away with them just trying to learn and you are definitely a trusted source in my eyes
The Teononateca were relatives of the Aztecs. Both tribes originated in northern Mexico, so the Teos could have walked or paddled. However, the true Cherokees were in Quebec, Canada until 1650, so they could have paddled from Ireland or Britain or maybe one of the chains of islands in the Atlantic.
The Hog story is similar to the one told concerning DeSoto coming through the Swamps of The Low Country of South Carolina. Our wild pig population supposedly comes from pigs escaping from his camps in The Palmetto State.
I live here and have always heard something strange.
Hey Ethan - Are you hearing sounds or rumors?
Interestingly, the snake on the pot in your first couple of mins looks exactly like serpent mound also, also the birdman looks exactly the same, quite a few words are also the same
I think that the Itzas built the Great Serpent Mound. Their principal deity was the Sky Serpent. There are stone serpents in several locations in the Georgia Mountains.
@@peopleofonefire9643 could be, they were the mix of Maya and muscogean right?
@@peopleofonefire9643 have you heard of the underwater pyramid complex off the coast of Cuba?
@@N8TVTripper At the time (c. 1000 AD) that the Great Serpent Mound was built, they would have pretty much pure Itza Maya. Only certain Maya branches would travel over water. Actually, only branch even called itself a word similary to Maya.
@@N8TVTripper Yes, but it was about 12 years ago when I saw a program on it.
Can anyone dive in that valley area to find or survey the underwater area
You will have to ask the US Army Corps of Engineers that question. I have a feeling that the answer is no.
Mr. Thornton, have you ever read The Book of Mormon. There are stories, accounts of a group of tribes that landed in the ancient Americas. Whether you believe it or not, doesn't matter, and I'm not asking you to look into the story of it's rediscovery and translation. Just the accounts of the people and what they did, in the times they did. The different peoples sound very much like the peoples called Nephites and Lamanites. Nephites sound like Uchee and Creek. Lamanites sound like the Cherokee. There's also an earlier account of an even earlier people that found their way to America and I believe they could possibly be connected to the Mound Builders that were later replaced by the tribes of South America. In the book they are called Jaredites.
I would love to hear about someone looking further into that. Even if it seems ridiculous to many other folks. You won't be disappointed.
By the way, the oldest mound in Georgia has been radiocarbon dated to 3545 BC. Which version of the Book of Mormon? There have been 3,319 substantial changes, whenever the Mormon god and his prophet changed their minds. YHWH does not change his mind and he definitely is not descended from a mortal man, and one of a string of gods . . . as the LDS teaches. Back in 2012 a wealthy Mormon businessman offered me $100,000, mass book publication and distribution by the Deseret Book Company, if I would change the dates in my new book, "Itsapa . . . the Itza Mayas in North America" to match the Book of Mormon. I recall that he wanted 395 AD rather than radiocarbon date we got of 1018 AD. Being that I was homeless and living in the office of an abandoned chicken house, he assumed that I would sell my soul. Now, it sounded real tempting to be a the god of my own private planet and make millions of spiritual babies with my sealed Mormon wife, once she gave me her secret name. All I had to do was wear special underwear. Well, I went through several versions of the Book of Mormon and they all said something different. The first version had all the action taking place in upstate New York, the center of the world for Joseph Smith. Then a couple of years after Frederick Catherwood and John Lloyd Stephens published their book on the Maya civilization, the Book of Mormon was changed to have the Mayas be Nephites. Over the decades the Book of Mormon was modified to eventually say that all Native Americans and Polynesians were Lamanites. By the time that I visited the Mormon Museum in SLC when I was 28, they used the same blue eyed blonde manikin to portray Jesus at age 12 and Joseph Smith at age 12. That museum also told me that because I had tan skin, black hair and Asiatic features, I was a Lamanite and had been cursed by God for having such non-European features. Now that was changed in 1978. The most recent change is that they are no longer saying that all Native Americans are descended from Lamanites, Nephites and Jaredites . . . that the Semitic immigrants were just a few families. It was real Kornfuzing for me so I though that before I became real rich and got myself a pretty, submissive Mormon wife. I better study the real Bible and see what the real God said. He said, "Hear on Israel the Lord is One. Thou shalt not have any god before me . . . especially a Luciferic cult that pretends to be Christian."
How do you find out if you are of coosa bloodline I’m from Walterboro SC in colleton county I would greatly appreciate if you would let me know how you found out your heritage? I have great grandparents who where mixed race of African descent also Native indigenous people but no recognition for the races.
One way is to take a DNA test, If you show up with DNA typical of the Native peoples of southern Mexico, but do not have any known Mexican ancestors, then you are descended from one of the branches of the Creek Indian Confederacy.
Thanks so much
@@ebonywalters89 You are quite welcome!
Richard Thornton are you apart of the Uchie nation? Chief Langley is an awesome Chief,
No. I have some Uchee ancestry, but actually last year I was elected mikko of the Coweta Creek Tribe.
Was Kanza people also from the madog group from Wales? Mandan people? Ended up in ND.
I heard tenochtelon was an island
When he comes here what business timelibe still
Chippewa sawing steel
Music drowns u out…
At around 10min, you say that most original Cherokee were White traders with non-Cherokee wives. Could you elaborate on this confusing statement?
I said that most of the original non-Creeks in North Georgia during the Revolution were white traders with Native American wives - and most of them were not Cherokee but Creek, Chickasaw or Choctaw. Absolutely true. Traders, originally based in Augusta, GA, who didn't want to take sides in the Revolution, moved into NW Georgia. James Adair's wife was half Chickasaw and half-Jewish. However, after the 1784 Treaty of Augusta secretly gave NW Georgia to the Cherokees, without the Creeks knowing it, these traders stayed. Their mixed-blood children became Cherokees and often some of the most important leaders. Charles Hicks mother was half Itsate Creek and half Jewish. His father was Scottish. Charles considered himself a Cherokee, whereas most of his brothers and sisters moved south to lived the rest of their lives on the Oconee River as Creeks. The Hicks name is very prominent in the Muscogee-Creek Nation today. Charles planned New Echota and ultimately was Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation. The Saunders Family were the result of a Scottish trader and a Creek woman settling near Talking Rock, GA. He founded the largest Cherokee mission school and his children were very prominent in the affairs of the Cherokee Nation.
The Coosa Tribe Located in Alabama. Are these the same tribe as The Georgia Coosa tribe? I ask because I live in Attalla,Alabama in ETOWAH county. Outside of Cherokee County, Alabama. Northeast Alabama Chickasaw land.
Yes! Do you remember seeing the map early in the video in which the original Kanza migrated from McKee's Island near Guntersville, AL to the confluence of the Coosawattee and Conasauga River? Undoubtedly, some of the Kanza not living on McKee's Island stayed in NE Alabama. I think what happened is that either disease or an invasion of Sephardic gold & silver miners caused the Province of Coosa to fall apart. Some bands went farther south on the Coosa River. Some moved eastward into the Georgia Mountains and at least one band migrated all the way to Kansas. There is an old silver mine about 10 miles north of the capital of Coosa, who mine timbers have been dated to about 1600 AD.
My moms side Has been in Etowah County for 200 years and my dad’s side has been in Autauga County near Prattville for about the same amount of time. We can’t prove Creek or Cherokee but I feel pretty sure there’s Native American in there somewhere. Lotta dark skinned caucasian green eyed people in my family
I'm from Dekalb county Alabama my Grandmother was a Weaver from Grant Mountain. Chief Davy Crockett Weaver was her great uncle and her husband was Appalacha Creek 6'5" light colored skin and blue eyes and I have the Creek Knot on my skull. My Father's Mother was a descendant of a Cherokee Slave and her owner a Frenchman in 1836 and his father was 3/4 Cherokee/ Choctaw mix and 1/4 white . My friend Richard I'm glad to see you again I hadn't heard from you since 2016 . I'm happy to see you finally getting the respect you deserve.... Respectfully Your Friend White Owl The Phoenix
How can I get in touch with Richard Thornton?
You can contact me via www.PeopleOfOneFire.com. I don't want to put a personal email address in the comments.
@@peopleofonefire9643 ... completely understand!
Music kinda loud
Silent whistle
Vibrations propane storage
Were the Mayans, Incans and Olmecs the melanin dominate aboriginals in their respective regions?
Not really. The Mayas did not call themselves the Mayas. Each city state was originally a separate tribe. There were about 140 Mayan languages and distinct differences in the physical appearance of these groups. The Incas were late comers in a long series of civilizations that rose and fell. The Olmecs had nothing to do with the Olmec civilization. An North American archaeologist in the 1940s mistakenly labeled the ruins, he was studying as being built by the Olmecs.
Between her and her dep
Tell them about the Coosa war? Are you related to Black ppl because the Coosa and the Yuchi were darkskinned not sure if you knew.
I don't know you or your credentials but I know that Richard is a well respected anthropologist. For Years other anthropologist said he was wrong until a few years ago when a new discovery proved him right and all the others were wrong.
@@timsummerford1719 🤡 open 📖 the etymology dictionary,to (Nig). Then research Negro Da Terra meaning by Portuguese. Yamasee? Just say you haven't researched. Carolina blue gum story
@@nojman12 take pride in your west central and south African heritage and stop culturally appropriating others. There's absolutely no historical, archeological, or DNA evidence to support your fantasy. You're going by a 500 year old description which you take out of context and not to mention stereotyping yourself and other blacks to claim native American history. Just like the Egyptians, Berbers, Moors, and Carthaginians, native Americans were not black.
Native indigenous people from HERE, not Africa!
How can you find out if your of Coosa Bloodline I’m from Colleton county SC born in Walterboro I found out which plantation my family was owned but not the native indigenous people.
Stealing from native grounds national parks same
P BOX flat rate just calculate businesses come to post office dangerous businesses tran
Gild S myth
Does this cure nurses guild