Interferon; Types, its receptor and mechanism of action

#immunology #biotechnology #cellsignaling #interferon #receptor
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins that play a crucial role in the immune response against viral infections, tumors, and other pathogens. They are classified into three types: Type I (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-omega, IFN-kappa, and IFN-epsilon), Type II (IFN-gamma), and Type III (IFN-lambda).
The receptor for Type I IFNs is a heterodimeric transmembrane protein complex called IFNAR (Interferon alpha/beta receptor), which is composed of two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. Type II IFN receptor, on the other hand, is composed of two subunits, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2, which form a heterodimer. The receptor for Type III IFNs is a heterodimeric transmembrane protein complex called IFNLR (Interferon lambda receptor), which is composed of two subunits, IFNLR1 and IL10RB.
The mechanism of action of IFNs involves the activation of Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) pathway. Upon binding to their receptors, IFNs induce the activation of JAKs, which in turn phosphorylate and activate STATs. The activated STATs form dimers and translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to specific DNA sequences known as interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs) or gamma-activated sequences (GAS). This leads to the induction of a variety of genes involved in antiviral defense, immune modulation, and cell growth regulation.
IFNs also have direct antiviral activity by inhibiting viral replication, promoting viral clearance, and enhancing immune cell function, such as activating natural killer cells and macrophages. Additionally, IFNs play a role in regulating the adaptive immune response by enhancing antigen presentation and promoting the differentiation of T cells.
Overall, the activation of IFN signaling pathways leads to a coordinated response to control viral infections and tumors, making IFNs an important component of the immune system. This lecture is about the basic concepts of interferons. It will tell you how interferons are produced and by what cells, the types of interferon, and its receptors. This will guide you in detail how the JAK-STAT signaling pathway works and stop the viral infections

[@omerkhalid2444]

Beautifully explained.
Thank you!

[@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol]

You're most welcome!

[@vishk123]

Thank you for that. I now feel phosphorylated and active!

[@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol]

You are most welcome 😚☺️☺️☺️

[@nooralhuda7744]

ماشاءالله جزاك الله خير بروفسور

[@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol]

Jazak Allah

[@16benjaminkb10]

Wonderfully explained, Thank you Sir

[@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol]

You are welcome

[@uwedergeschmeidige4734]

Wow, that was realy good explained.
This will realy help me Later.
Could you make a Video about the Interferon Antagonist like VP35?

[@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol]

great to know that you liked it, I will soon upload a video on it

[@hafizanamal]

Very well explained please sir i need its pdf can you send me ?

[@shristishrestha841]

Does mechanism of action or pathaways of interferon type 1 and type 2 same or different??

[@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol]

The receptors are different and hence the pathways

[@shristishrestha841]

@@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol ok thank u for the reply 🙂

[@ayeshaasif2883]

Its all reading sir😒