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Learn Biotechnology and Microbiology
Pakistan
Приєднався 26 січ 2020
Welcome to my UA-cam channel! I am Dr. Ibrar Khan, a Tenured Professor at the Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology at the prestigious University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
My channel is dedicated to providing high-quality educational content for undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested in the fields of genetics, cellular signaling, proteomics, microbial diseases, microbiology, medical biotechnology, and immunology. As a highly knowledgeable and experienced expert in these subjects, I am passionate about sharing my expertise and insights with my audience to help them gain a better understanding of these complex topics. My videos cover a range of subjects and are designed to be both informative and engaging. As a student, you can deepen your knowledge in these fields and my channel is the perfect place for you to learn and explore. I am committed to helping my viewers achieve their academic and career goals.
Thank you for joining me on this journey
My channel is dedicated to providing high-quality educational content for undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested in the fields of genetics, cellular signaling, proteomics, microbial diseases, microbiology, medical biotechnology, and immunology. As a highly knowledgeable and experienced expert in these subjects, I am passionate about sharing my expertise and insights with my audience to help them gain a better understanding of these complex topics. My videos cover a range of subjects and are designed to be both informative and engaging. As a student, you can deepen your knowledge in these fields and my channel is the perfect place for you to learn and explore. I am committed to helping my viewers achieve their academic and career goals.
Thank you for joining me on this journey
L2.25; Granules of Eosinophils; Eosinophil Cationic Protein and Reactive Oxygen Species
#immunology #eosinophils #biotechnology #antiparasitic #immunesystem
Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) is a crucial component of eosinophil granules, playing a significant role in the immune response to parasitic infections and allergic reactions. This protein targets bacteria and single-stranded RNA viruses, demonstrating its effectiveness against a range of pathogens. ECP exists in various glycosylated forms, with molecular weights ranging from 18-22 kDa. Notably, ECP is a cationic protein with a net positive charge, attributed to its high content of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine.
Cytotoxic Effects: ECP has cytotoxic properties that can damage and kill a variety of target cells, including parasites and host tissues. It does this by disrupting cell membranes, which can lead to cell death.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and peroxides like hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), target the lipid components of bacterial membranes, especially phospholipids. This oxidative attack leads to the formation of lipid peroxides and reactive aldehydes such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). The resultant lipid peroxidation disrupts the membrane's structural integrity and fluidity, creating pores that cause leakage of cellular contents and impair the bacterial cell's ability to maintain essential gradients and functions. Additionally, ROS can directly interact with membrane lipids and proteins; for instance, hydroxyl radicals can extract hydrogen atoms from lipid molecules, initiating further lipid peroxidation, while superoxide anions (O₂•⁻) can react with membrane proteins, leading to oxidative modifications. These modifications can impair the functions of membrane proteins, affecting critical processes such as nutrient transport, energy production, and membrane integrity.
Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) is a crucial component of eosinophil granules, playing a significant role in the immune response to parasitic infections and allergic reactions. This protein targets bacteria and single-stranded RNA viruses, demonstrating its effectiveness against a range of pathogens. ECP exists in various glycosylated forms, with molecular weights ranging from 18-22 kDa. Notably, ECP is a cationic protein with a net positive charge, attributed to its high content of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine.
Cytotoxic Effects: ECP has cytotoxic properties that can damage and kill a variety of target cells, including parasites and host tissues. It does this by disrupting cell membranes, which can lead to cell death.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and peroxides like hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), target the lipid components of bacterial membranes, especially phospholipids. This oxidative attack leads to the formation of lipid peroxides and reactive aldehydes such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). The resultant lipid peroxidation disrupts the membrane's structural integrity and fluidity, creating pores that cause leakage of cellular contents and impair the bacterial cell's ability to maintain essential gradients and functions. Additionally, ROS can directly interact with membrane lipids and proteins; for instance, hydroxyl radicals can extract hydrogen atoms from lipid molecules, initiating further lipid peroxidation, while superoxide anions (O₂•⁻) can react with membrane proteins, leading to oxidative modifications. These modifications can impair the functions of membrane proteins, affecting critical processes such as nutrient transport, energy production, and membrane integrity.
Переглядів: 16
Відео
L2.24; Granules of Eosinophils; Mechanism of action of Major Basic Protein (MBP)
Переглядів 17День тому
#immunology #eosinophils #biotechnology #antiparasitic #immunesystem Major Basic Protein (MBP) is a key component of the granules found in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. Its mechanism of action is primarily involved in parasitic infection. Cytotoxic Effects: MBP has cytotoxic properties that can damage and kill a variety of target cells, including parasites and host tissues. It does t...
L3: DNA vs. RNA: What Makes Them Unique
Переглядів 34Місяць тому
#molecularbiology #biology #dna #rna In 1869, Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher made a groundbreaking discovery in the nucleus of white blood cells. He found a substance that was neither protein nor lipid and named it "nuclein." Nucleic acids are termed "acidic" because they can donate hydrogen ions (H⁺) to their surroundings, a trait linked to the phosphate groups in their backbone. Thus, th...
L2: Why the study of differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells is important
Переглядів 272 місяці тому
#biotechnology #molecularbiology #microbiology #eukaryotic The study of differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is crucial for several reasons: Understanding Basic Biological Processes: Structure and Function: Knowing the structural differences helps in understanding the specific functions of each type of cell. For example, prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, which affects how their ...
L1: Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Переглядів 302 місяці тому
#biotechnology #molecularbiology #eukaryoticcell #prokayoticcells This is the first video in the series of videos on Molecular Biology. Welcome to our video on the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Cells are the building blocks of life, and understanding their differences is fundamental to biology in general and molecular biology in particular. Let’s explore what sets these ...
L2.23; Eosinophils: Origins, Morphology, Granules & Acid Phosphatase's Role in Parasite Defense
Переглядів 352 місяці тому
#immunesystem #immunology #cellsignaling #eosinophils #biotechnology In this video, we explore the origin and development of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell known as granulocytes, detailing their morphology and the distinctive granules they contain. Morphology Nucleus: Eosinophils typically have a bilobed nucleus, meaning it consists of two lobes connected by a thin strand of chromatin....
L2.22: Basophils granules contents/function of Proteoglycans and cell surface receptors(animation)
Переглядів 283 місяці тому
#immunology #biotechnology #cellsignaling #mechanismofaction #basophils #animation Proteoglycans: Basophil granules contain proteoglycans, which are large molecules consisting of a protein core with attached carbohydrate chains called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These molecules play roles in cell signaling and inflammation. In basophils, proteoglycans may serve as reservoirs for various bioactiv...
L2.21: Basophils granules contents/function of Heparin; a natural anticoagulant (animation)
Переглядів 143 місяці тому
Heparin: Basophil granules also contain heparin (glycosaminoglycans), a potent anticoagulant. Heparin prevents blood clotting by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III, an endogenous inhibitor of coagulation factors. By inhibiting blood clot formation, heparin helps prevent the formation of blood clots within blood vessels, particularly in situations such as inflammation and allergic reacti...
L2.20: Introduction to Basophils; Origin, development, morphology and granules contents (animation)
Переглядів 413 місяці тому
#immunology #mechanismofaction #biotechnology #basophils Basophils are a type of white blood cell Classified as granulocytes, due to the presence of granules in their cytoplasm They are primarily involved in allergic reactions and combating parasitic infections. Origin and Development: Basophils originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, following a series of differentiation st...
Differences between Apoptosis and Necrosis
Переглядів 723 місяці тому
#biotechnology #apoptosis #necrosis #pathogens Differences between Necrosis and Apoptosis Apoptosis and necrosis are two distinct forms of cell death, each with unique characteristics, mechanisms, and outcomes. Apoptosis: A programmed and controlled process of cell death that occurs naturally as a part of development, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and defense mechanisms. Necrosis: An u...
L2.19 Extravasation/ Diapedesis; Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms (Part 4)
Переглядів 203 місяці тому
#immunology #neutrophils #antimicrobial #biotechnology #cellsignaling #mechanismofaction This is the 19th video of chapter 2 of immunology and focuses on the final step of Extravasation/ Diapedesis i.e. Migration How the neutrophils move out of the blood vessel into the inflamed tissue The links to the other 18 videos of Chapter 2 are the following L2.1: Immunology; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic...
L2.18 Extravasation/ Diapedesis; Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms (Part 3)
Переглядів 324 місяці тому
#immunology #antimicrobial #biotechnology #mechanismofaction #cellsignaling This is the 18th video of chapter 2 of immunology and focuses on the third step of Extravasation/ Diapedesis i.e. Diapedesis How the neutrophils move out of the blood vessel in to the inflamed tissue The links to the other 17 videos of chapter 2 are the following L2.1: Immunology; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell ...
L2.17 Extravasation/ Diapedesis; Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms (Part 2)
Переглядів 514 місяці тому
#immunology #neutrophils #antimicrobial #cellsignaling #pathogens This is the 17th video of chapter 2 of immunology and focuses on the second step of Extravasation/ Diapedesis i.e. Tight binding The links to the other 16 videos of chapter 2 are the following L2.1: Immunology; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Common Myeloid-Erythroid Progenitor ua-cam.com/video/vpb_XN5o60k/v-deo.html L...
L2.16 Extravasation/ Diapedesis; Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms (Part 1)
Переглядів 514 місяці тому
#immunology #neutrophils #antimicrobial #biotechnology #pathogens This is the 16th video of chapter 2 of immunology and focuses on Extravasation/ Diapedesis The links to the other 15 videos of chapter 2 are the following L2.1: Immunology; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Common Myeloid-Erythroid Progenitor ua-cam.com/video/vpb_XN5o60k/v-deo.html L2.2: Immunology; Hematopoiesis; Hemato...
L2.15 Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs)/ NETosis (Part 2) Understanding Mechanisms Behind NETs
Переглядів 975 місяців тому
#immunology #neutrophils #nets #antimicrobial #pathogens This is the 15th video of chapter 2 of immunology and focuses on Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs)/ NETosis; Understanding the Mechanisms Behind NETs. This is the 2nd part of NETs/NETosis. The link to the other 14 videos of chapter 2 are the following L2.1: Immunology; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Common Myeloid-Erythroid...
L2.14: Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs)/ NETosis; Understanding the Mechanisms Behind NETs
Переглядів 2135 місяців тому
L2.14: Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs)/ NETosis; Understanding the Mechanisms Behind NETs
L2.13: Tertiary or Gelatinase granules in Neutrophils/ Matrix Metalloproteinases
Переглядів 415 місяців тому
L2.13: Tertiary or Gelatinase granules in Neutrophils/ Matrix Metalloproteinases
L2.12: Mechanism of action of Elastase and Cationic Antimicrobial Proteins/Cathelicidins/ LL-37
Переглядів 1185 місяців тому
L2.12: Mechanism of action of Elastase and Cationic Antimicrobial Proteins/Cathelicidins/ LL-37
L2.11: Mechanism of action of Collagenase and Lysozymes (Secondary Granules in Neutrophils)
Переглядів 1726 місяців тому
L2.11: Mechanism of action of Collagenase and Lysozymes (Secondary Granules in Neutrophils)
L2.10: Function of Lactoferrin (Secondary Granules in Neutrophils)
Переглядів 856 місяців тому
L2.10: Function of Lactoferrin (Secondary Granules in Neutrophils)
L2.4: Neutrophils and the Granulopoiesis (How neutrophils are formed)
Переглядів 1098 місяців тому
L2.4: Neutrophils and the Granulopoiesis (How neutrophils are formed)
L2.3: Granulocytes and Agranulocytes; A quick review
Переглядів 2288 місяців тому
L2.3: Granulocytes and Agranulocytes; A quick review
L2.2: Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) and Common Lymphoid Progenitor
Переглядів 1709 місяців тому
L2.2: Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) and Common Lymphoid Progenitor
Introduction to the course on microbial diseases
Переглядів 459 місяців тому
Introduction to the course on microbial diseases
L2.1: Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Common Myeloid-Erythroid Progenitor
Переглядів 16110 місяців тому
L2.1: Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Common Myeloid-Erythroid Progenitor
Thank you
You're most welcome
Very good explanation ❤️❤️❤️ from 🇱🇰
Thank you for your kind words. Keep watching
❤
Nice 👍
Thank you dear
I have subscribe to you ❤❤❤
Thank you dear❤️❤️❤️❤️
Really appreciate how you explain complex concepts in a way that's easy to understand. ❤
Thank you for your kind words. I am glad that it was helpful
Great help sir thanku😊 please upload the next video too
Thank you for the nice comment and Most welcome. I'll upload the next video in 3 to 4 days
Beneficial..Thanks
You're welcome!
❤
Please send more vidio like this painfull
I agree that the procedure is painful
😢😅
❤❤❤
Thank you dear
❤❤❤
Thank you dear
Very well explained ❤
Thanks a lot dear 😊
Sir you’re an amazing and most talented gem of our dept and I’m proud of uh fan of your teaching this 4 year of experience in my đẹpt I’ve never ever seen such a punctual person who’s really motivated extraordinarily bestest I’ve no words to explain and I feel if I’ve get a chance or someday when I became rich ill pay you and you’ll teach me the whole science if that became true you’re so intelligent hats off to you 👏❤️kudoos
Thank you so much for your incredibly kind words. It's truly heartwarming to receive such appreciation for my teaching efforts. I'm delighted to hear that you find my dedication and motivation inspiring, and I'm honored to have made a positive impact on your learning journey. Your commitment to learning and your generosity of spirit shine through in your comment. It's students like you who make teaching such a rewarding profession. While the idea of teaching you the whole science sounds like an exciting prospect, remember that the greatest reward for any teacher is seeing their students succeed and thrive in their endeavors. Your determination and eagerness to learn are what truly matter. I look forward to continuing this journey of knowledge and discovery together. Thank you once again for your kind words and encouragement.
Is there any faster way of doing this? Im studying for a competitive exam and we have 1 minute per question. So how can i save time doing this?
This is the quickest way to do it dear, practice it a lot and you will be able to solve your exam question in a minute
@@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol Okay 👍. Thank you very much for this video. It’s very helpful I understood what to do.
@@ShivenStudy Most welcome. If there are any further questions or queries, you can contact me anytime
Mashallah..
Thanks dear
Mashallah... You are doing great
Thank you so much 😊
Es posible entender la diferencia entre los microarreglos de proteinas
Yes there are some differences between protein and DNA microarrays and I will soon make a video on DNA microarray. The basic difference is DNA microarray is an arrangement of DNA spots (in picomole) attached to a solid surface for the detection of DNA (gene) while in a protein microarray, collection of purified proteins, antibodies, affibodies etc are attached on a solid surface.
Mashallah ,simply explained.Thankyou Sir
You are most welcome dear
Nice video sir
Thank you dear
Masha Allah
Thank you dear
Good
Thank you
Informative 😊
Thanks dear 🙂
Thank you for your sincere efforts.
Always welcome dear
AOA SIr, can i have your contact no plz?
sir! how to contact u?
You can contact me via email at ibrarkhan1984@uop.edu.pk
You can also contact me via WhatsApp at 00923315818733
good work
Thank you😊😊😊😊
From the good you are ☪️ muslim
Thankyou so much
ترجمة الى اللغة العربية
Check it tomorrow. I will upload the subtitles today and you can use the translate option
تحقق من ذلك غدًا. سأقوم بتحميل الترجمة اليوم ويمكنك استخدام خيار الترجمة.
يمكنك الآن استخدام خيار الترجمة في يوتيوب للحصول على ترجمة باللغة العربية
Too much medicine can damage kidney
Yes, you are tight
Most Valuable 📚📚📚🏆🏆👍
Thank you
👍🏆👍🏆👍🏆👍
Nice video. Quick question: Did they centrifuge to be able to kill all the cells? If so, why did they homogenize again before adding the enzyme? Also, what did they use to homogenize the cells?
Thank you for the nice comment. Centrifugation served two main purposes in their experiments: 1. Initially, as the bacterial culture was grown in a liquid medium, they aimed to isolate the bacterial cells from the media. Centrifugation was employed to separate the denser bacterial cells, which formed a pellet, from the lighter media found in the supernatant. 2. After cell lysis, centrifugation played a crucial role in segregating cell debris and unbroken cells from the cellular components released during the lysis process. The answer to your second question is: After employing mechanical and enzymatic treatments, a homogenizer was used to further break down the cells. I hope this answers your questions. Feel free to contact if there is still any query
What if someone has HbA2 3,1% and HbF 0,5%? Is this person Normal HbA/HbA or Sickle cell trait HbS/HbA?
The levels of hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) and hemoglobin F (HbF) are relevant in the context of diagnosing certain hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell trait. In a normal, healthy individual with no hemoglobinopathies, the typical hemoglobin composition is primarily hemoglobin A (HbA). Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) is a minor component, usually making up less than 3.5% of total hemoglobin. Sickle cell trait (HbS/HbA) is characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S (HbS) along with hemoglobin A (HbA). In individuals with sickle cell trait, the level of HbS is typically less than 50%, as it is a heterozygous condition. Looking at your question values: HbA2: 3.1% HbF: 0.5% These levels are within the normal range for HbA2 and HbF. Based on these values alone, it doesn't suggest a diagnosis of sickle cell trait. However, it's essential to consider other factors and conduct a comprehensive assessment, as hemoglobinopathies can have various presentations, and additional tests may be needed for a definitive diagnosis. I hope this answers your question. Do not hesitate to ask again, if there is still any doubt
Leading and lagging daughter strains .... NICKs This is so awesome Hallelujah in the name of Yahshua this is wonderful helping me with Scriptures....
Sugar.... and NICKs
Thank you for helping me prepare for my comprehensive exam
It's my pleasure
Sir, Whats the structure of dsdna in palindrome seq? Cruciform or hairpin?
If the palindrome is relatively short and is located in a single-stranded region of the DNA, it might form a hairpin structure. In a hairpin structure, the single-stranded region folds back on itself, creating a loop and a stem. if the palindrome is part of a double-stranded region of DNA, it may contribute to the formation of a cruciform structure. I hope this answers your question. If not, don't hesitate to ask again
@@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol Yes sir, thankyou!!
thnk u sir
Most welcome 🤗🤗🤗
Rise and shine sir
Thankyou
Viral pharyngitis is why this infection
Because it is caused by a virus
3rd image is same done is viral pharyngitis
I had no idea about the immunology, but your tutorial made me understand how the WBCs interact and control parasites & pathogens comprehensively. Thank you very much for your valuable materials and efforts....💐💐👍👍 God Bless You 🙏🙏
You're very welcome!
I love this! thank you for putting this up
You're so welcome!
On January 14, 2023, I was diagnosed with Strep infection. At first, for three months I thought I developed some type of phobia of swallowing so I assumed it was in my head. It went away and came back. Then recently when it got bad...my mouth turned from producing a lot of salvia to my mouth bubbling and foaming. I thought I was dehydrated so I drank a lot of water and liquid IV for a week. It helped a bit but I desperately needed to spit all the time and could not swallow. Last week at work, it got bad. While I was at work my mouth would get bubbly salvia so I would spit and drink water but I would hide it by trying to swallow it! NOT a good IDEA. I'm sure I could have ended up choking. This is my first week on antibiotics so I'm praying I get better but I want to see the ENT before I run out of the antibiotics because I rely on it. My mouth foams up still. Does anyone else experience that?
Antibiotics will work fine and you will be good in days
from India, great professor
Thankyou for your kind comments. Keep watching. I'll soon start lectures in Hindi
@@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol Sir its fine in english, easy to grasp🙂
So interferons released by bacteria and parasites infected cells and not only virus infected cells???
Interferon is an antiviral mechanism
Urdu mein bolo aungraz app ki lecture nehi dekty
I will make videos in Urdu in Sha Allah
Assalamuaalikum.. Sir i want to ask when we add lysis buffer then after that you added lysis solution .. So what is the purpose of lysis solution ? Sir plz tell are you working on gram negative ? If i work on gram positive then i should i need to add lysozyme enzyme with lysis buffer?
The lysis buffer and solution are used for both gram positive and negative one but for gram positive you have to add lysozyme as an extra component because of the thick peptidoglycan later in gram positive bacteria. I hope this answers your question. Feel free to ask if you have any more questions
@@learnbiotechnologyandmicrobiol can I add lysozyme enzyme with lysis solution ? I mean at the same time can I add both before inoculation?
that was very helpful.now a days we are dealing with it for Protein quantification
most welcome