How language began | Dan Everett | TEDxSanFrancisco
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- Опубліковано 6 лис 2017
- Dan Everett brings us back in time to the Homo Erectus to share how language began and why it is the ultimate evolutionary tool to share knowledge. Dan Everett was born in Southern California. He completed an undergraduate degree in biblical studies from the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago and his Master’s and ScD in linguistics at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas in Brazil. From 1977, he has regularly conducted research on the Pirahã language of Brazil. He has also conducted research on Tzeltal (Mexico), Selish (USA), Arawan (Brazil), Satere (Brazil), Wari’ (Brazil) among many others. He has published fourteen books and more than 110 articles and has lectured around the world on his research. He converted to Christianity at 17 years of age and was a committed, evangelical Christian until abandoning his faith due to lessons he learned from the Pirahãs (as discussed in Don’t sleep, there are snakes). His most recent books are Dark Matter of the Mind: The Culturally Articulated Unconscious (University of Chicago Press) and How Language Began: The Story of Humanity's Greatest Invention (W.W. Norton/Liveright). This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at www.ted.com/tedx
Underrated talk... hope the UA-cam algorithm picks it up soon
Justin Power it may have already, I just had this video recommended to me (seemingly) out of nowhere. I’ve listened to other lectures by Dan Everret, but that was months ago. He is fantastic.
Welp, it seems to appear when you’ve spent 2 days straight trying to learn about the origin of language haha 😆🤷🏻♂️
For real though. I’ve been watching as many videos as I can about it, then it literally JUST showed up in my recommended feed lol.
So, I think that’s the road you have to start going down before stumbling upon this absolute gem of a TED Talk lol.
true that
It did. Recommendation brought me here
Well it was just recommended to me. I love this guy's work on the Piraha.
Thing i love most about languages is being able to read it. So many people have shut down my efforts though bc i keep hearing "find native speakers to talk to". Social anxiety autism = no thank you. Now I'm finally like, no one else is going to set my goals for me anymore. Dziekuje.
Excellent … and let’s not forget body language. Must be the earliest form communication.
That's something we inherited from earlier animals, as opposed to spoken language which is unique to us.
This is definitely a very interesting and worthwhile talk by an interesting presenter, however, it is important to note that the title is misleading. The speaker does not attempt to explain how language began; instead, he discusses what is necessary for language, and the first humans who used language. In fact, I believe there is a lot of debate about how humans developed language and a lot of disagreement about how it happened and no one really knows how it is that humans began speaking languages.
EXACTLY!!!
Hi .
But I know that.
I have researching for about 50 years.
K.
The leading theory is psychedelics. We ate mushrooms or moldy rye, started tripping out and the brain made the new synapses and connections necessary for language self reflection, which of course gives us religion and worship as well. Humans didn’t start just imaging a god, they tripped out and created them, then the stories get recycled. 🤙
@@ian12346
I am gratitude from the
University under license of M.I.T ( U.S.A) That a group of science and engineering ( electronic, electrical, mechanical , and another's ....) one of my love and fondness or
Inclination was thermodynamics and branch. somewhat phisics or machinery ! So searching and studying ; and developing study and research to another field like history, philosophy, religion, or brain norology
Paleontology and paleopycychology , and how to learn a language ( talking ) for example homoerectus animal human about 3.2 millions until 1 million years ago .
And I found it [ place and time and another helps , from another factors and foo d ; animals ,and why ? And reason ;and., , ,.......)
I love his ability to share such dense information in a way that we can hear it. Bravo! I love his books too!! Just a born teacher and communicator!!!!!
Bravo! What a remarkable talk. Loved it. Thanks Dan Everett.
word from thought is more than enough magic for any lifeform.
Great talk Dan, very informative.
Archaeology and linguistics also interest me. This is so fascinating to know and think about!!!
Exactly👍🏻
One day we will go extinct and another species will replace us and imagine them talking about us and our technology in the far future
isn't it crazy
me2
It sparks your imaginative capability.
A great talk! Yes, TEDx Talks are a great example of language using and its harness, indeed.
So interesting! No matter where people are from they came up with a way to communicate
So much behind the evolution of language!! Never knew this
This was a fascinating talk!
good teaching !,good work !, when will we interface with our evolution without lateral or exo- intervention !!
Watched the video multiple times (been trying to learn Piraha for the last 3 years or something... duh I can’t find any resource and I’d never get the chance to travel to Brazil or the permission to even meet them but they’re like my favorite human people) but just now scrolled through the comments.
Loved to see Mr. Everett answered some people and how he did it😂
Whoa we'll be discussing pirahá Language soon, however I cannot find much details about it, can you give me some details that you know about it?
Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me get through the pandemic!
it's really a good video, I believe that language is the basis for all modern architecture and it's important to have a relatively good knowledge of language learning and developing it.
Good work. Thank you.
Greatly useful!
fascinating!
Thanks for a good and interesting presentation
Back in the late 80's I thought I read that one researcher in particular was convinced that mated pairs of ravens had a mutually understood vocabulary of up to 100 utterances. Problem being, of course, that the next mated pair of ravens had no idea what they were talking about.
birds of a feather flock together :-)
Oh that's great, and perhaps inadvertently accurate. i have millions of utterances, many of them bland and banal, but I also have trillions of possible utterances, both meaningful or meaningless. That vast number is the issue in the difference between the ravens and humans (but quoth the raven Nevermore).
Wow! You have revealed the horrendous tragedy of this species! So, mated pairs take giant leaps for Raven-kind but which take Ravens, the Species, *nowhere* because the leaps are *never additive.* Evolution - you cruel jokester - how dare you!
great stuff!
Almost platonistic to say that linguistics and it's origin is the root of the way everything has emerged. Thanks, Everett.
I used to be an evangelical missionary in Europe, but now am an atheist. After 46 years I was having doubts about my religion. Then I read his book written about his years in the Amazon jungle, as a Wycliffe Bible Translator, who eventually realized his religious worldview was BS. (The book is "Don't Sleep - There Are Snakes"). It gave me permission to leave my lifetime religion, and living my life without guilt. Daniel Everett is amazing.
You might have been an atheist all along, just decided to be an evangelical missionary for a time.
amazing!
I believe that we used the few sounds to create chants to bring us together as a tribal unit. These sounds were joined to refer to objects in life - ma = mother, ba - father, etc
Excellent talk from the great linguist Daniel Everett.
In general, the language is ultimately; The great leap of the human animal!
I'm not sure that humans ARE the only animals that use grammar. It is possible that animals have grammar that we don't recognize. We have to be open to that possibility because it could very well be out there.
We know every animals has its own language because they use body language differently then us. They also can make sounds to express emotions and what they want or what they mean. So basically they have a language
They might have grammar, but they don't have phonetics, phonology, morphology, and can only create a very limited number or words and utterances, whereas humans can create near infinite utterances or sentences. Birds can fly, but they will never reach the moon simply by flapping harder.
@@brenkelly8163 If a bird could flap its wings several times the escape velocity of the Earth, it would be able to push hard enough against the upper atmosphere that it might be launched all the way to the moon. I think.
So interesting. So inspiring. Thank you Dan Everett.
Huh? Brilliant!
Add please speaching of Dana Mussa at London
Throws shade at Chomsky, and refuses to name him 😆
what a tragedy, how dare he not mention Chomsky, go get 'em!!!
Totally. Chomsky is, however, one of the most intriguing philosophers of our time.
Facial expression is half of human communication. It must be preserved
Which is why we need a common language that every human can understand. Let's do it!
This is one conclusion you can draw. The same talk could inspire us to learn many different languages, immerse in different cultures to grow our experience and brain. Remember the cultural indexes, icons and symbols that have been created by each community and language groups. Let´s listen to each other and make an effort to understand , you are right about that in my eyes.
Ted has usually interesting speakers but this guy is fascinating.
Good .
The man he does not want to name is Noam Chomsky, who formulated the theory of universal grammar. Dan Everett's discoveries in the Amazon jungle with the Piraha refuted Chomsky's theory, which shook the world of linguistics.
Hi Mr. Everett. Thank you very much for your talk and I admire your work very much. In your lecture you mentioned that anything in a G3 grammar can be represented in a G1 grammar. I am having a hard time imagining how that would happen in a practical way. Can you please give an example of how a sentence using extensive recursion could be expressed in a G1 grammar? I hope that you can take the time to respond to me comment as I have seen you have responded to some others. Thank you.
Because G1 grammar is the building element for both G2 and G3. It is nothing but the similar idea of Simple , complex and compound sentence. You can simply imagine G1 as the simple sentence , G2 as the complex and G3 as the compound one.
It is nothing but the evolution of intricate expression. From a very simple idea how you can propound and express yoursefl completely irrespective of it's complexity is what he was trying to say.
he mentioned 2 examples in the talk. in G1 you can say You drink. You drive. You go to jail. grammaticaly speaking, those are 3 separate simple sentences, but we still understand that the meaning is connected. we know that what the speaker is actually trying to say is If you drink and drive, you go to jail. which would be the same meaning only expressed in one sentence in G2. in G3 you can add more stuff like If you drink and drive you`ll go to jail and you`ll get scolded by your wife, because she bailed you out last time and she said she wouldn`t do it again, and... in G1 you would say You drink. You drive. You go to jail. Your wife is angry. You go to jail again. She doesn`t give money. or something like that. I`ve just read his book about the Piraha `Don`t sleep, there are snakes` and he just sais that it`s important to think about thinking and grammar separately. The Piraha can use recursive reasoning, they obviously understand that there`s a past and a future, they just don`t express that grammatically.
Nonsense examples. All language in humans is fundamentally recursive. Try throwing this theory of G1 versus G2 versus G3 versus the G8 into the shredder then putting the pieces back together, striking a match under it, and roasting a marshmallow over it. You at least can create a nice smore, which is tastier that this G-man theory.
Let me address your question, Nikolos (unlike the other 3 replies). I have doubts that G1 can express any sentence from G2, let alone from G3. At least not without some helper words that would embed the structure of the complex sentence in the short sentences of G1. Even the given example of G1 here is ambiguous. Let me show that there are 2 possible ways to interpret these 3 sentences:
You drink. (and) You drive....... (then) You go to jail. -> (obvious and idiomatically understood version)
You drink (you'll get arrogant and therefore...) You drive. (and presumably you get caught) You go to jail. -> (slightly awkward but possible meaning)
Let's look at a similar example that is less awkward:
You drive. (and) You crash. (then) You pay damages -> (fairly obvious advice)
You drive. (then) You (will) crash. You pay damages -> (in this version the speaker has very low opinion the the other's driving abilities; clearly a very different meaning than the first one)
So, without the helper words (ones on brackets, for example) I don't see how you can unambiguously express any G2,G3 sentence in G1
Hi . Mr DEv.
I knew that how humen to talk ; and when.
@TEDx Talks
Include subtitles in the video, please.
isnt it a good way to train your listening without subs? lol
@@monqueyshank505 some people don't speak English that well.
I used to be one of them. And subtitles helped me greatly.
@@unusuario5173 yup true
@Tristan Davis the Ted official website has that
Go to the official website. They tend to have more options
From the book
TALK
TALK
TALK
By Jay Ingram … an investigation into the mystery of speech …
Even the believers admit it’s a tricky business, because if you are trying to re-create proto-World, your starting materials are languages which themselves have been reconstructed. There’s no firm ground to stand on, and you are reduced to comparing lists of words you think were part of languages thousands of years old in order to uncover the even more ancient ancestors of those words: and none of the words on the lists you’re starting with are written anywhere, even in the oldest available stone tablets.
or one sound with pitch and time modulation...
Way better than the T talk by Wassima Fahsi on the same topic. She put me to sleep.
What's actually funny is there is evidence that the brain doesn't stop forming until you're almost 30 years old and then some more evidence and suggest that your brain never stops forming indicating we reached a new level where our childhood for brain at least never ends
I can get on board with technological (barely), but discovery? It's like saying a complex eye or the wall (wheel, definitely) was a discovery.
It seems like it might be worth mentioning that most linguists don’t share this point of view.
At 13:15, he begins to describe his classification of existing grammars as G1, G2 and G3. What would define a G4 grammar were it to be invented?
A brilliant new book, "SPEECH! How Language Made Us Human" by Simon Prentis, draws together all the themes discussed here and provides a radical yet surprisingly obvious solution to the origin of language. It's an amazing insight. Check it out!
good
If language was invented like any other human tool (for example the wheel) it would have to have been re-invented by every human group because early on human communities were quite isolated and sharing by dispersion and diffusion would be unlikely. Although we have examples of human cultures that never invented the wheel (although some did) to my knowledge we have no examples of human groups who never invented the "tool" of language. It seems to be something that comes to humans naturally without prompting. I would say this is a species-specific quality to humankind, like various birds each have their own call or song. That every isolated human tribe would spontaneously and independently discover and elaborate system of vocalizations to communicate seems unlikely.
you assume that human groups appeared in a disconnected way from other human groups... rather than acknowledging that every human ever, anywhere on earth, was connected to other humans before they arrived at the location in which they lived.
It's worth remembering that protohumans (and even some humans) walked to their eventual locations across what subsequently became sea. What is now the main island of Britain was connected to Europe as recently as 10 - 15,000 years ago, and in earlier times, many more of today's islands (some of which are quite distant from any continent) would have been accessible by foot.
this is why there are so many different languages. great distances makes for many languages. also i believe there’s a reason for many religions. like language, religion is also made up. also shorter distances causes dialects, acents.. such as a boston, newyork or southern accent. also thing are called differant name. such as foods. a grinder, hoggie or a sub are all the same thing . depending on where you live. any thoughts on this? btw im not a religious person . i do wonder how the solar system got here and all the mysteries.
@harrydoherty8299 I am reading The Language Puzzle - How We Talked Our Way Out of The Stone Age. By Steven Mithen. It's very fascinating. I recommend you read it. It gives a rather interesting take on things
Some ppl laughed for "size doesnt matter" jokes. Damn, their thought still traveling in this kind of forum 😂
Towards the end, he threw in a reference to the term "erectus" having a second meaning. Totally unnecessary and unprofessional ... I was disappointed.
@@rand49er you're probably fun at partys
@@stuntmaster127 haha for real lol
@@DazToke and what was the point for the girl in bikini on that picture he showed?
@@montmaudit so people don't get bored throughout the ted talk
11:35 we have an australopithecus in the audience
I guarantee the most brilliant HE was 10 times smarter than me
Doc Brown snuck in 11:35
Hmm so symbols like you said "footprint" how did print mean what it means?? How did the sound/word foot come about and how didn't everyone know to relate it to you hands on the bottom? Like how did it start?? It's all I'm looking for.
Excellent observation my friend....
Are you asking where the words "foot" and "print" came from specifically?
Most languages have a distinct word for foot as opposed to hand. Generally speaking these words come about as a way to indicate verbally where an injury is. As for print, prints in mud are an important part of hunting, having a way to indicate that you've found evidence of an animal being there and what direction it went is important. Linking the two is pretty intuitive, but not universal. Some languages have a separate word for animal tracks vs footprints vs any imprint, some use the same word for all three.
@13:39 that woman in the audience is fascinated.
A great and insightful TED talk and I'm gonna use it for my research. However, I disagree with only one part of Mr. Everett's explanation: Shovel isn't a symbol of blisters, gardening, etc. The shovel is one of their indexes. And I'm using his own correct definition of symbols. The shovel could be a symbol of blisters, gardening, etc if it were culturally or conventionally defined so. But shovel is part of a big sign of gardening which signifies another part of the sign of gardening which could be blisters.
That reasoning is surprising, confusing and nonsensical. His archaeological discoveries and discussion were interesting and enlightening. his ideas of grammar--not so much. And fundamentally wrong and primitive.
Astute observation. I also made a mental note of that in order to examine the meaning of association as opposed to symbol. His own example hints at what it represents to him, what his first associations are. To others it could represent trauma, trenches, to someone freedom of own land, food, stability, being a creator and provider.
Nice talk but it didn't get to the point of the title until minute 8-9
I think Morse Code would have provided more direct, accurate and easily grasped instance (than digital encoding of language in computers and word processors) for the notion that two sounds would be sufficient to communicate any written language.
The analogy (because of the virtures I mentioned) does reveal that such encoding is difficult to learn. Unlike natural spoken languages, a child would have to learn to spell before they could talk or listen, as a deaf child must to master Braille. In the absence of a written language, this would be very difficult, as decoding a binary language is a very cerebral process, and by definition you cannot communicate verbally to help the child with that process.
I think linguists sometimes forget that language is not just a communication tool. It's a thinking tool.
There is also a tendency to overlook singing, a crucial social interaction in early humans which may sometimes predate speaking.
It is not enough that something be possible
(a spoken language with only two sounds)
It also has to be practicable.
So it's collective consciousness versus individual consciousness
Noam Chomsky
shhhhhhhh
Does anyone know, has he seen the piraha again since 2012?
6:26 man started speaking enchantment table
Hahahaah minecraft
8:41 what makes language?
13:09
Noam chosmky
Ted!!! The title is wrong dude. He doesn't explain what I expect to find when I google ' How did language originate '
I admire the life’s work that led to Daniel coming to have the experiences he did with the Piraha people but why does Daniel still prescribe to origin stories at all? I thought the Piraha people had cured him of thinking about the distant past or anything with no immediacy of experience?
why would it? It s interesting
Andulsi the Piraha people wouldn’t be interested and their way of seeing things is what revolutionized Daniel’s own take on life etc. it seems to me he just traded one origin story in for another, first he was preaching one and now he is preaching the other. If the Piraha people were to have a true influence on him, he would have stopped believing in creation and then got on with living a normal life, with no thought as to an alternative original story. Just saying :)
he is not free, he needs an occupation. And I think he does this for a living. It's his culture?
@@bethn.b.2673 Why should one wholesale adopt a system of thought and way of being? I would prefer to learn from someone who is perpetually emerging and developing novel ideas in dialogue with a differentiating world....not someone who holds himself captive to a set way of thinking.
He looks like Jimmy Osmond
I love his talks, but I sure wish someone would tell him that the plural if index is indices, not indexes.
Man discussed everything except about what's written in the title.
That 30 years development joke hit different. 😂
Why did he refuse to mention Noam Chomsky?
It's a joke, because Chomsky's theory says language is natural and innate and Everett's theory claims language was an invention, it was created.
@@JuliaGarcia-gc6bd I see
Thanks for clarifying :)
This should be a Ted, not a Tedx
orangevst
Generally I find ted x better. They are way less corporately influenced
All guess work
Like nothing points to any hard fact!!! Great talk though, but no concrete fact backing it up.
@@TheGeorgegenesis it was too short, you can see he had to speed though a lot of stuff
Which grammarian was he talking about? Noam Chomsky? Why wouldn’t he mention the name?
Because he opposed Dan Everett's research on Piraha language in the deep Amazon that defied Chomsky's universal grammar theory😁
His scientific doscoveries were opposed by a lot of linguists, and he was banned from ever going to the Pirahas' again.
You should watch the documentary of Dan Everett with the Pirahas, titled Amazon's Code. And his book about the Piraha. It's such an interesting scientific inquiry that opposed a lot of theory about language.♥️♥️♥️
@@belixjellburg8152 Where did you find information that he was banned from working with the Piraha people?
Also Chomsky's universal grammar theory does not necessarily denounce Everett's research. Chomsky's universal grammar theory essentially states that grammar and language are innate for humans and that linguistic capabilities are infinite, though our sounds (or signs, in the case of sign languages) are finite. Now, where they clash on ideologies is the fact that Everette states that Piraha has no subordination nor iterated genitive determiners - a fact he revised from his dissertation 25+ years ago in 2005. This would seem to limit linguistic capabilities and cause them to be finite, but that's not actually the case. Piraha does not need subordination, as they have been able to communicate efficiently without it for presumably their entire history. That means that their linguistic capabilities are still as infinite as any language that uses subordination. No hate or shade, I love Chomsky and Everett and am honestly tired of the old men bickering lol
@@terilaird3270 your comment is really interesting. I stumbled upon this video while researching about linguistic relativity
. Do you know what's Dan Everett's opinion on this hypothesis? And what's yours?
@@belixjellburg8152 The documentary I watched was called 'Grammar of Happiness'.
@sappo14 You clearly haven't studied anything by Everett.
When we think of a shovel we think of family?
If you’re a farmer, yes
The lady at 9:00 is out cold 😂
i dont get how we speak different languages but we all say/mean the samething. its like one person went around the world and just started making them lol
Chris king well there are differences, like a lot of them. But mostly sapiens’ logic is the same, so we come to the same thing in the end. There’s not enough difference between humans for it to make a notable change in language
It's in the bible..
Not a lot of languages are being made this days or say from the time history started to be written and yet we have hundred thousand languages many becoming extinct so we can guess that there were millions of languages hundred thousand years ago or millions of years ago and its hard to believe that those early men who could hardly know how to cook food properly can makes all this languages it just doesn't fit... People can speak about a language but when it comes to hundred thousand language or million language all this explanations doesn't make sense..
THERE IS NO GOOD EXPLANATION TO WHY THERE ARE WERE SO MANY LANGUAGES IN THIS WORLD NO AMOUNT OF EXPLANATION WILL BE SUCCESSFUL TO EXPLAIN IT WE CAN GIVE THEORIES AFTER THEORIES BUT IT WILL ALWAYS REMAIN A THEORY.. MAKING A LANGUAGE OR A COUPLE OF LANGUAGE IS POSSIBLE BUT MILLIONS AND MILLIONS OF LANGUAGES FROM THE TIME OF INCEPTION IS IMPOSSIBLE..
@Language and Programming Channel Did you just say tea is tea in every language?
Why was he hesitant to mention Chomsky?
Because Chomsky as a political thinker is meh, not great, and not a professor of politics, political thinking, or law. Interesting, but not great. As a professor of linguistics, he is a genius and made a very very deep impact on the field of modern linguistics, after de Saussure created the field-- another genius responsible for creating the theoretical substructure of the field the way Nils Bohr created quantum mechanics. Einstein didn't believe Bohr and lost the battle against him, then Einstein created the quantum idea of spooky action at a distance or quantum entanglement. Einstein learned from Bohr on serious reflection but also knew the field he was dealing with. Professor Dan is not dealing in this field, doesn't understand Chomsky as a linguist outside a basic understanding of "innate", and so doesn't mention Chomsky because his argument will be destroyed. Chomsky's linguistics books are difficult reads (Generative grammar, Governance and Binding). But Chomsky mainly refined his ideas, not overthrew them, just like Einstein refine Bohr's ideas (and they were based on Einstein's anyway). Mentioning Chomsky, to those who have read and studied it, would mean openly challenging him and getting destroyed.
❤️🇰🇼🇰🇼🇰🇼🇰🇼🇰🇼🇰🇼🇰🇼🇰🇼❤️
Why does he avoid mentioning Chomsky?
Because he has some serious disagreements with some of his (Chomsky's) theories. Everett actually went and lived and studied some primitive peoples in the amazon, whereas Chomsky never immersed himself in any other language/culture.
I recommend a channel called What I've Learned, there Everett waa interviewed by the host of the channel and had a very interesting conversation about this topic.
@@RodGibsonMusic Actually Chomsky studied Arabic at least. But I'm not really disagreeing with you. But what I meant was that at a certain point he says something like "some guy said...". It's clear he's talking about Chomsky so I just wondered why he didn't say the name. I could be wrong.
he probably feels chomsky monopolized and smothered the study of language. chomsky's language hierarchy is good to classify computational problems. all undergraduates of computer science are taught it. but it is a big, unnecessary leap to speculate about the special grammar machine in the brain. chomsky was free to make that speculation, but for the rest of academia to latch onto it as the revealed truth must have been counter productive. chomsky's ideas were just a beginning, not the last word. it is a pattern in science. some ideas become too entrenched for the good of field. people become reluctant to explore alternatives
@@owl6218 Thanks. I get that and you'll get no argument. Really, I just thought it was weird that he wouldn't say the name.
Does a sponge communicate?
Yup, as documented in spongebob
Yup.
10:00
We were all chimpanzees but some were experimented by aliens and starts to evolve differently and intelligently and now we're a totally different species capable of understanding complex things and evolving further and have the ability to become God like beings
Interesting. But why might Johnny erectus be male? Why not female?
10 secs in?....error.
Very informative. I felt like I was listening to someone who knew what he was talking about. I could’ve done without the sexiest baby on the beach. And maybe add a grammar lesson On the difference between the use of few and less.
Interesting approach, but IMO we can say a lot more about the biological origins of human speech & language, google e.g. "Speech originS 2018 Verhaegen PPT".
Geze
He dissin Chomsky?
Did he make this entire talk just to throw shade at Noam Chomsky?
😅😅😅
"There is one popular theory of grammar by someone I will not mention."
LOL, I was like... this guy is awesome... but then he spoiled it with:
"You can express anything from G3 grammar in G1 grammar. Mathematically, they're all of equal power."
Oh, you don't say... so we can parse English with a finite-state automaton? The whole point of the Chomsky's hierarchy of formal grammars and their relationships to automata is that the grammars are not of equal power (at least not mathematically).
@Dan Everett
I have a question about the Piraha. Do they have names for numbers or just use "many" and "few"?
Seth Perry just watch the documentary "Amazon's Code" aka "The Grammar of Happiness".
@Dan Everett ??? Dan Everett?? The Dan Everett??
We can parse English without using recursion or hierarchy. Watch.
"Dan saw the dog. The dog ate the shoe. The shoe was owned by Dan. Dan was very angry."
That can be expressed much more succinctly in a standard English recursive format, "Dan was angry because he saw the dog eat his shoe." But it can still be understood if expressed as though English had a G1 grammar, lacking recursion or hierarchy.
Are people like trying to teach mathematical concepts and other ideas to indigenous people or do we let them be like we should?
First three minute is out of world just imagination
Algorithmic
All animals communicate? Earthworms? Anemones? Coral?
@Barbara Mulvaney How so?
@@PaulTheSkeptic chemicals
@@hieratics I know ants and other communal insects communicate chemically but plants? I don't know. Maybe some of them but to say "all" anything doesn't seem right.
Nope. Everything alive communicates chemically although not necessarily on purpose. How can it be that we are certain to say All? Because All life is chemistry.
...it seems to me you're new on the block, that's what i was too, then i listened for a number of decades. Communication, it's so essential to life. Can you tell me of a being that needn't talk to its neighbour? Survival is the goal.
We use the metric system. No more pounds, feet, inches, gallons, hands, miles, Fahrenheit...
😭😭😭
I have been watching TED Talk for about a month and this is the only video that is waste of time.