Replace screens in After Effects like a Pro - (Mocha Tracking Tutorial 2023)

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  • Опубліковано 15 жов 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 158

  • @RadTodoroff
    @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +8

    Let me know if this one helps! :) Also drop a like and subscribe for more tutorials on how to replace green screens with cat videos 😀

    • @MemerMonster
      @MemerMonster 3 роки тому +1

      When you said friends mom, I chose to stick around

    • @cryptoglenn
      @cryptoglenn 2 роки тому

      Not working my video I use over stock video is rising its not holding still am I having issue with key framing and tracking how can I make my new video hold still?

    • @khushipadale4109
      @khushipadale4109 Рік тому

      after precomposing and doing everything right the screen video is scaling small

  • @borisfxlearn
    @borisfxlearn 3 роки тому +24

    Nice job! One thing to point out is that many pros do not use a green screen for inserts. If you leave the screen grey, you can typically use Mocha to track the edges of the screen. This way you can use transfer modes on the screen insert and keep realistic lighting. Keep up the good work with Mocha!

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +2

      Hey, thank you for the tip, I really appreciate it. :) I'm actually using both approaches with different projects, I know what you mean about the lighting. I just think this one is a bit easier and you can usually get good reflections by playing around with the key color. Thanks for watching the video, it means a lot! :)

  • @cart6380
    @cart6380 2 роки тому +5

    Thank you, for some reason I was strugging with the corner pin effect but after watching your video, it came all clear to me.

  • @andrewtsvir5030
    @andrewtsvir5030 7 місяців тому +2

    Wow!!! Among all the lessons that I watched, yours really did the job!! Thank you!!

  • @StacksUrbanHarvest
    @StacksUrbanHarvest 3 роки тому +12

    It's refreshing to see this done when it gives you trouble, so I can see how you make the corrections. I've been so frustrated at tutes that show it working perfectly, and that never happens for me.

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +1

      Thanks Stack! Yeah, I have the same issue with tutorials (motion tracking especially). This was my idea exactly, glad it helped you :)

    • @StacksUrbanHarvest
      @StacksUrbanHarvest 3 роки тому

      @@RadTodoroff You got my sub! Such a rare quality, and I sure appreciate that! Have a great day!

    • @seanmeredith6378
      @seanmeredith6378 Рік тому +1

      not to mention tutorials that are 3 minutes long and explain nothing. So annoying. I'm fine with taking 10 minutes to learn a new skill.

  • @mariakhnouf8734
    @mariakhnouf8734 3 роки тому +5

    Bravo! finally a clear and straight to the point tutorial

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      Thanks Maria, glad it helped :)

  • @funkiEst
    @funkiEst 2 роки тому +5

    there is lots of litle details you dont explain and we have to look closer to the things you are doing to not miss it... for example, when you set the master frame... i don't know why but i can't set it, the option is not enabled... but thanks anyway, your tutorial helped me :D

  • @sosmanaa4030
    @sosmanaa4030 2 роки тому +7

    it's not working with me when I click on apply export
    the position always changes, I can not fix it and I don't know what is the problem

    • @abdulrafenaseem8067
      @abdulrafenaseem8067 7 місяців тому +2

      so do u have any solution now, i face the same issue

  • @47mko
    @47mko Рік тому +2

    This was just what I needed! Thanks very much!

  • @AdAstra91
    @AdAstra91 2 роки тому +2

    So many thanks, it comes out excellent after seeing plenty of other videos with poor results, excellent guide and technique! Thanks again!

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  2 роки тому +1

      Thanks as well! Happy to help :)

  • @marqueztv_bcn
    @marqueztv_bcn 2 роки тому +2

    Wonderful tutorial, thanks alot!! Had to replace a screen for a tv commercial, works like a charm :)

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  2 роки тому +1

      Thanks man! Glad it helped ☺️

  • @ChrisBstation
    @ChrisBstation 3 роки тому +11

    Why is it that when I hit "apply export" the top layer suddenly shifts to the right?

    • @pibezZ666
      @pibezZ666 2 роки тому +3

      I have the same problem.. dont know why.

    • @TradingFeline
      @TradingFeline 2 роки тому +6

      Same here. It shrinks down more than it should and looks weird

    • @jeangeorgestoffi516
      @jeangeorgestoffi516 2 роки тому +3

      Same Problem after apply Export it shrinks. :/ Please help!

    • @aneefkanwer2446
      @aneefkanwer2446 2 роки тому

      do it without precompose

    • @JayForsure
      @JayForsure 2 роки тому +2

      The solution is at 7:47 make sure you move the pin to the LAST frame, then add Corner Pin and follow the rest of the video. That will solve this issues.

  • @GurjeetSingh-fh5xx
    @GurjeetSingh-fh5xx 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks, buddy I have seen many tutorials I found your one's best

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  2 роки тому +1

      Thanks buddy. Glad it helped you :)

  • @justakidfrombrooklyn
    @justakidfrombrooklyn 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks man. I was very close to giving up, until I did it step by step on your video.

  • @toocoolchico529
    @toocoolchico529 3 роки тому +2

    I've finally learn how to properly use adjust track..thanks

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +1

      Great to hear this! :) What project are you working on?

    • @toocoolchico529
      @toocoolchico529 3 роки тому

      @@RadTodoroff no problem, Just making meme videos

  • @aint_just_whistlin_dixie
    @aint_just_whistlin_dixie 3 роки тому +2

    3rd video that I watched on this topic, first one that worked for me when I followed the steps :-) ....thanks, man !

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      Great to hear man :)) Getting this type of feedback gets me going 🙃

  • @dmellis
    @dmellis Рік тому +1

    This kind of tracking can be a nightmare but this is the best method by far that I've tried. The object tracker in Cinema 4d is the absolute worst.

  • @thibolt31
    @thibolt31 3 роки тому +1

    Thanks boss, best mocha tuto

  • @MoNnava_
    @MoNnava_ 2 місяці тому

    thank you so much, i learn a lot about after effect

  • @dailylifefunnyvideo8324
    @dailylifefunnyvideo8324 2 роки тому +1

    Thank you, it works perfect!

  • @francescoqueres
    @francescoqueres 3 роки тому +6

    I don't understand why you applied a corner pin on your replace screen video, as Mocha will do it automatically.

  • @sammatthijs4747
    @sammatthijs4747 2 роки тому +3

    Hey man thanks for the video! I have one problem unfortunately. My footage tracks fine. But it shows up next to my green screen phone and not inside it. Do you know what went wrong? Also.. where can I find a template for iPhone X greenscreen background with matching trackingmarkers?

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  2 роки тому

      Hey Sam, make sure you're on the first or last frame when expanding the planar surface in Mocha. Then when you click Create Track Data in After Effects you have to be on the same frame you expanded the surface to. I am not sure about the template - you can just google it, it's not a big deal if it doesn't fit perfectly. Hope this helps. :)

  • @kristijoinermosharrafa9917
    @kristijoinermosharrafa9917 Рік тому +4

    For some reason when I hit apply export, the video shifts out of the frame altogether...any ideas?

    • @cilginflix
      @cilginflix Рік тому

      did u solved this problem?

  • @doctorricco9002
    @doctorricco9002 2 роки тому +1

    Great video. Congrats!

  • @despertareinspirar1128
    @despertareinspirar1128 2 роки тому +1

    U BEST!!!

  • @ChrystianDanucalov
    @ChrystianDanucalov Рік тому +1

    Thank you

  • @Taroles
    @Taroles 3 роки тому +1

    You're a genius!!

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +1

      Glad it helped my friend :))

  • @snaptikk
    @snaptikk 2 роки тому +1

    This was so helpful thank you!!!

  • @kisherefilm
    @kisherefilm 2 роки тому +1

    Thank you so much :)

  • @cliffwjenkins
    @cliffwjenkins 3 роки тому +4

    Rad! Thank you so much! Question: When I hit "apply export" the layer above the mocha disappears. Any idea why?

  • @ryancollinsvideo
    @ryancollinsvideo Рік тому

    Done about 5 tutorials now and every time I apply the export I don't see the screen

  • @sharon_hart
    @sharon_hart Рік тому +2

    For anyone having trouble. My problem was before first hitting the MOCHA button, you have to twirl down Tracking Data and hit "Create Track Data." Great tutorial though. :)

  • @noahpinntfilms
    @noahpinntfilms Рік тому +1

    Bro thank you

  • @danielxmiller
    @danielxmiller 2 роки тому

    This was such a great tutorial! Thank you so much!!!

  • @genjutsuedits
    @genjutsuedits 2 роки тому +1

    thank you helped me

  • @wa7smail
    @wa7smail 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks ! most usuful tutorial so far !

  • @puyadeportivo8541
    @puyadeportivo8541 2 роки тому +1

    MUY BIEN ...... GRACIAS NO SABIA COMO PUEDO UASR MOCHA PLUGIN PERO TU ME AYUDASTE

  • @HughRHeinsohn
    @HughRHeinsohn 2 роки тому +2

    Great tutorial! But what is there is a finger or hand (or some other object) that comes in and out of the frame over the phone screen? How do you handle that and make it look realistic? For example, if a finger comes over the screen and touches a part of the screen while the laid in picture or video element is visible?

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  2 роки тому

      Thanks Hugh. You would have to make one more mask in Mocha around your finger and track it (automatically or manually). Then you have to get both AE masks on the same layer in After Effects and subtract the ''finger" mask from the "phone" mask.

  • @leon-iw7jq
    @leon-iw7jq 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you!!!
    I just need it.

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      Anytime mate! Glad it helped :)

  • @nutthapattkongpasutha8295
    @nutthapattkongpasutha8295 2 роки тому +2

    THX

  • @touseefahmed7909
    @touseefahmed7909 2 місяці тому

    Thanks you bro

  • @user-fi6hg8vq6c
    @user-fi6hg8vq6c 2 роки тому +1

    For some reason when I apply track data my placed content is distorted and out of place

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  2 роки тому

      Before you leave Mocha make sure to go to the first or last frame of the video and click the Expand Planer Surfaces button.
      When you go back to AE, before you click Apply export - check that you’re on the same frame you expanded the surface to.
      Probably this will fix it.

  • @adamfarkas7069
    @adamfarkas7069 9 місяців тому

    When I Apply Export to the screengrab I want to put on the device the screengrab 'falls off' the screen as I play back. It gets away more and more on the Z axis. I did everything exactly as you did. Can you help? Thanks!

  • @andrewfirth9329
    @andrewfirth9329 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks mate! What happens if the phone starts off screen and twists? Like a floating iphone coming in from off screen how do you track it perfectly as it comes on? :)

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  2 роки тому

      You will most likely have to manually track at the beginning.
      You can start from when the phone is already in the shot and screen facing the camera, then start tracking backwards and see if it works automatically. When/if the track breakes you will have to go in manually.

  • @RawuYT
    @RawuYT 3 роки тому +1

    Beautiful video :)

  • @rishmal
    @rishmal 3 роки тому +4

    Following the exact same steps, the screen doesn't seem to stick/track once I hit 'apply export'. Even tried the couple of methods you mentioned in the comments, oh and I'm using an image instead of video. Any help will be appreciated :)

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      Hey Rishabh, can you send me the project file? I will take a look. You can dm me on instagram

    • @rishmal
      @rishmal 3 роки тому +1

      @@RadTodoroff Hey Rad, surely! Will dm you :)

    • @stoptheminuing97
      @stoptheminuing97 2 роки тому +5

      @@RadTodoroff could you explain how you fixed it? I am also having the same problem working with an image.

    • @shahzaibawan5977
      @shahzaibawan5977 Рік тому

      ua-cam.com/video/1tWKdbjKLNE/v-deo.html watch from 40 seconds

  • @kunalbelamkar
    @kunalbelamkar 3 роки тому +1

    my video just zooms out comepletely, the screen which I am putting why?

  • @andrearusky
    @andrearusky 2 роки тому +1

    yeah you don't need green screen, because your layer will replace the screen underneath anyways. you better use grey or white, so that you are not going to have some green color spilling out

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  2 роки тому

      pure black works pretty good also

  • @nocode02
    @nocode02 3 роки тому +4

    Would you happen to know why when I click "apply export", my "screen" video just disappears? Not sure what I did wrong here.

    • @charmainefernandes319
      @charmainefernandes319 3 роки тому +1

      Did you figure what the problem was? I have the same thing happening. I started over a couple times and followed the steps exactly but it just **pooooof** disappears.

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      I will take a look and let you know

    • @nocode02
      @nocode02 3 роки тому +1

      @@charmainefernandes319 it was the resolution. The “screen” video I was using was 1080p, while the main video was 4K. I re-encoded the screen video to 4K and repeated the steps, worked great..

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +2

      Before you leave Mocha make sure to go to the first or last frame of the video and click the Expand Planer Surfaces button.
      When you go back to AE, before you click Apply export - check that you’re on the same frame you expanded the surface to. I am not sure what else can go wrong, you can send me your project files and I will take a look.

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      Aa, never had that issue before. Anyway, glad you figured it out :)

  • @WildWorldTravelers
    @WildWorldTravelers Рік тому

    Hey Rad! I'VE TRYIED ALL and the screen doesn't stick to the phone in minute 9, can somebody help me?

  • @seanmeredith6378
    @seanmeredith6378 Рік тому

    seemed like it was going to work, then at the final stage it fell apart completely. Probably something I did, but I am beyond done working on this. So frustrated.

  • @zahedulhaquerony101
    @zahedulhaquerony101 Рік тому

    Thanks, but what will happen if phone turn around? I am facing this problem.

  • @manavraj1000
    @manavraj1000 2 роки тому +1

    good video!

  • @vfx888
    @vfx888 3 роки тому +1

    Great, thanks

  • @MathClcks
    @MathClcks 3 роки тому +1

    Can we do it using premiere pro?

  • @hasithbandara8914
    @hasithbandara8914 2 роки тому

    thanks

  • @rawrbrz
    @rawrbrz 3 роки тому +2

    When I click apply export, my screen pre-comp distort to a completely different shape. I have no idea why

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +4

      Check any of these two solutions. (I believe the first one will fix your problem):
      Solution 1 - Before you leave Mocha make sure to go to the first or last frame of the video and click the Expand Planer Surfaces button.
      When you go back to AE, before you click Apply export - check that you’re on the same frame you expanded the surface to.
      Solution 2 - This one is from the comments below I am just copy pasting it here: "it was the resolution. The “screen” video I was using was 1080p, while the main video was 4K. I re-encoded the screen video to 4K and repeated the steps, worked great.."
      Let me know if any of these help. :)

    • @NatePfeil
      @NatePfeil 3 роки тому

      @@RadTodoroff Thank you so much for this. Solved my problem with Solution 1!

  • @waccoonlover
    @waccoonlover 3 роки тому +1

    hi, my video0 isnt showing all it shows is the green screen. what do i do?

  • @Wk-mt8fw
    @Wk-mt8fw 3 роки тому +1

    nice man

  • @dimitargeorgiev829
    @dimitargeorgiev829 3 роки тому +1

    Здравей! Би ли споделил характеристиките на компютъра, с който работиш ? Благодаря!

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +1

      Здравей, да разбира се! От около година съм с ASUS ROG Strix G531GV-ES009.
      Процесор: Intel Core i7-9750H
      Видео: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060
      RAM: 32GB
      SSD-то мисля, че беше 256 GB.
      Като цяло съм супер доволен, има само две неща, които имам като някакви оплаквания.
      Прецака ми се HDD-то и не успяха да ми го рекавърнат. Казаха ми, че никога не се случвало това, но да.. :D Хубавото е, че го замениха с чисто нов гаранционно, без да плащам нищо.
      Второто е, че понеже лаптопа е много малък, подозирам, че няма много място за големи вентилатори и като го пуснеш на пълна мощност е много шумен. През другото време можеш да си го държиш на Silent или Balanced и е ок. Така, че не е кой знае каква драма, но да го имаш предвид.
      Имах предишната версия на Asus Rog, те бяха едни огромни по 5кг и той беше много безшумен, ама пък едвам го мъкнех :D

    • @dimitargeorgiev829
      @dimitargeorgiev829 3 роки тому +1

      @@RadTodoroff Благодаря много! А имаш ли наблюдения върху NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 и ползването и за Афтъра ?

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +1

      @@dimitargeorgiev829 Преди няколко години на стария ROG ми беше с gtx980 и беше страхотна. Никога не съм имал проблем. Не съм ползвал gtx 1660, но доколкото виждам, са горе долу еднакви и даже 1660 е малко по-добра. Така, че мисля, че ще си много доволен. Но най-добре сравни и ти, за да не те излъжа. :)

    • @dimitargeorgiev829
      @dimitargeorgiev829 3 роки тому +1

      @@RadTodoroff би ли ми препоръчал стартова конфигурация, ако сега започвам да разучавам Афтъра? Благодаря ти предварително!

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +1

      @@dimitargeorgiev829 за какъв бюджет горе долу и лаптоп или настолен компютър искаш да вземеш?

  • @ms.liragrut8222
    @ms.liragrut8222 3 роки тому +1

    не работает этот способ. все искажается и слетает когда нажимаешь на аплай експорт

  • @stenroosvald
    @stenroosvald Рік тому +1

    You had me at: "... my friend's mum." :D

  • @vinaygunavante
    @vinaygunavante 2 роки тому +1

    Nice

  • @TARUNSUTHAR-nn7qg
    @TARUNSUTHAR-nn7qg 4 місяці тому

    are you God or What, You Shown the Right way to put on the plane and tracker

  • @RazorNub
    @RazorNub 7 місяців тому

    dosent work i need help pls i'm crying i have spent like 3-4hrs just to get it wrong everytime and I'm helpless idk how to make it work

  • @evgenika2013
    @evgenika2013 Рік тому

    And how to remove black and white circles on mobile footage?

  • @tomovision6418
    @tomovision6418 3 роки тому +1

    This is probably the best tutorial I've found so far, only I'm having the same issue as a couple of other people here. The image I am using (Jpg rather than video file) just disappears. I've tried different pre-comp settings and that hasn't helped. Any ideas?

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      Check any of these two solutions. (I believe the first one will fix your problem):
      Solution 1 - Before you leave Mocha make sure to go to the first or last frame of the video and click the Expand Planer Surfaces button.
      When you go back to AE, before you click Apply export - check that you’re on the same frame you expanded the surface to.
      Solution 2 - This one is from the comments below I am just copy pasting it here: "it was the resolution. The “screen” video I was using was 1080p, while the main video was 4K. I re-encoded the screen video to 4K and repeated the steps, worked great.."
      Let me know if any of these help.

    • @pchoy7854
      @pchoy7854 2 роки тому

      Thank you so much, I had the same problem and this has worked for me. Solution #1

    • @khushipadale4109
      @khushipadale4109 Рік тому

      @@RadTodoroff my video is shrinking idk what to do

  • @newchannel416
    @newchannel416 3 роки тому +1

    After I finish tracking, I press copy to clipboard and paste mocha to adobe effects.but there's no mask.it has the shape of it but the inside looks like a mess.what am I doing wrong?also sometimes there's a hole in the mask where I can see through the other video.

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      Hey, i would have to see the scene.

  • @uzoihe5374
    @uzoihe5374 2 роки тому

    When I add the key light and click on the paint tool with black, the phone screen doesn't turn black. It reviews the video clip I put in with the Xpins from original green screen. I tried adjusting the matte settings and I still can't cleanly remove Xs

  • @meerata1249
    @meerata1249 3 роки тому +1

    thx mate

  • @husseinmousavi9510
    @husseinmousavi9510 2 роки тому

    thanks but if you. an simplify the the process when switching in menu icon 🙏🏻🙏🏻

  • @petarpetrov5548
    @petarpetrov5548 3 роки тому +1

    Extremely cool брат :Д

  • @maziokoye_origin
    @maziokoye_origin 2 роки тому +3

    Really want to replace my screen with my friend's mom on it 🤣🤣

  • @EmmaaCoatess
    @EmmaaCoatess 3 роки тому +1

    Anyone elses video just disapear as soon as they click apply export. I have re done this tutorial 5 times and i get the same result

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому +1

      Check any of these two solutions. (I believe the first one will fix your problem):
      Solution 1 - Before you leave Mocha make sure to go to the first or last frame of the video and click the Expand Planer Surfaces button.
      When you go back to AE, before you click Apply export - check that you’re on the same frame you expanded the surface to.
      Solution 2 - This one is from the comments below I am just copy pasting it here: "it was the resolution. The “screen” video I was using was 1080p, while the main video was 4K. I re-encoded the screen video to 4K and repeated the steps, worked great.."
      Let me know if any of these help.

    • @EmmaaCoatess
      @EmmaaCoatess 3 роки тому

      It was the resolution! Thank you so much!

  • @paraschauhan6217
    @paraschauhan6217 3 роки тому +1

    Wow

  • @andresgarza3962
    @andresgarza3962 2 роки тому +1

    I close my eyes and think is Noho Hank speaking

  • @jesperjee
    @jesperjee 3 роки тому +1

    I must have a faulty version of AE. Everytime I do this my Screen shifts to another spot

  • @TheShpriest
    @TheShpriest 2 роки тому

    Ошибка размещать трекерные маркеры прямо у границ экрана.

  • @chazdillon2909
    @chazdillon2909 Рік тому +1

    subbed at mom joke

  • @ATATChat
    @ATATChat 3 роки тому +1

    *my friends mom*
    Pays more attention.

  • @Fvrkna
    @Fvrkna 3 роки тому +1

    A good lesson for those living in the 1980s

  • @JnkyrdStudios
    @JnkyrdStudios 3 роки тому +1

    way too much orange and teal

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      yeah went a bit overboard on this one :D

  • @balls6906
    @balls6906 3 роки тому

    Clicking apply export moves the screen layer so its unusable

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      Check any of these two solutions:
      Solution 1 - Before you leave Mocha make sure to go to the first or last frame of the video and click the Expand Planer Surfaces button.
      When you go back to AE, before you click Apply export - check that you’re on the same frame you expanded the surface to.
      Solution 2 - This one is from the comments below I am just copy pasting it here: "it was the resolution. The “screen” video I was using was 1080p, while the main video was 4K. I re-encoded the screen video to 4K and repeated the steps, worked great.."
      Let me know if any of these help. :)

    • @balls6906
      @balls6906 3 роки тому +1

      @@RadTodoroff Yeah it was kinda the second solution... I changed the precomp and it worked. Cheers!

    • @RadTodoroff
      @RadTodoroff  3 роки тому

      @@balls6906 great to hear! 🙂

    • @grapejuicepictures
      @grapejuicepictures 3 роки тому

      Having this same problem. Neither of the prescribed solutions are workings.

    • @tomovision6418
      @tomovision6418 3 роки тому

      @@grapejuicepictures Same here. I am using an image rather than a video clip as a replacement. Do you just have the image disappear and the green screen showing? I've tried the pre-composing in different ways and nothing seems to be working :(

  • @demoreel2011fcm
    @demoreel2011fcm Рік тому

    Help - I don't have "corner pin" just "power pin" (Ae 2023). It seems doesn't work the process.