Why Toyota Engines are Reliable
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- Опубліковано 29 чер 2024
- In this video we will be tearing down the Toyota 2AR-FE engine to see what's inside and how it works! We'll also aim to appreciate its simplicity and what makes it modern, efficient and reliable that Toyota has been using it for a decade in many of its mainstream vehicles.
The 2AR-FE is a 2.5L 4 cylinder engine that debuted in the Toyota RAV4 in 2008. It was used in Toyota's highest selling Camry and RAV4 vehicles as well as the Scion tC. The all aluminum engine features dual variable valve timing, with a timing chain, variable intake runners and a balance shaft, among other upgrades from its 2AZ-FE 2.4L predecessor.
The unlike its predecessor, the 2AR-FE has been tested for many years and miles and did not have major issues, making it one of Toyota's more reliable choices when searching for a used vehicle.
Skip to section in the video:
0:00 Introduction
0:25 Valvetrain
4:48 Air intake
6:02 Engine Block
10:17 Oil Lubrication
11:25 Balance Shaft
12:18 Engine Head
13:32 Valve Cover
13:51 Conclusion
Keep your Toyota well maintained with tools and parts that can be purchased here:
2AR-FE Engine Oil Filter:
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Toyota Oil Filter Wrench:
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3/8" Drive Socket and Ratchet Set:
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This is the Camera I use:
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The lack of introductory music/animation/delay is wonderfully refreshing. He goes right into substance. Thank you!!
WHATS UP GUYS
Love it, I hate when videos have long ass intros and don't actually start content until like 5 minutes in hahha
I recommend the SponsorBlock addon to block that kind of filler content.
Boomer
yeah I hate some annoying intros. if I want that I would watch television
That toothbrush probably never imagined itself tearing engines apart and being a pointer
Im an airplane mechanic.
You'd be amazed how usefull, and commonly used, toothbrushes are in the field. 😂
They're small so you can get almost anywhere with them, have firm but delicate plastic bristles, so you can use them on just about any material. Overall a great tool for any mechanic.
Same thoughts here,. We need to use toothbrush more places.,..
That toothbrush has been around
It was his wife’s, I understand he replaced it later after giving it a rinse.
*taptap*
*TAPTAPTAP*
Me: "GIMME THAT! 🤬"
I'm not a car nut, but I totally appreciate the density of information being dispensed here, and the slick editing that makes it pass so quickly. Great job, sir.
I really appreciate how you narrate your actions and call things by name. It makes it easy to track what you're doing.
"Now I'm going to remove a bunch of 12-mm bolts that hold this water pump on" vs. "Let's remove this."
So they can make a piece of plastic that doesn't melt sitting against cylinder walls but the door handles will become dust from sunshine...
Sarcasm ikk but.
Heat i would say may not affect thermoset plastics as much as the UV exposed cheapo ABS plastics they use for door handles.
Good call
They use different kind of plastic polymers on engine parts, generally able to withstand engine heat and repeated heat cycle without any deformation. On the otherside, ABS plastic is known to "evaporate" it's binding polymer if you keep it under direct sunlight and thus turned into dust-like appearances.
Generally ABS is more forgiving to be painted rather than thermoplastics used inside engine compartment.
The newer Camry has better plastics on the handle. The pre-2002 are notorious for becoming brittle. My Prius 2006, Sienna 2004, and Corolla 2016 has no issue on the plastics. Probably they find out how to make it better. In all newer Toyota engines, they have spacer from thermoplastic plastic or rubber inside the water jacket, that's why it reaches almost 40% thermal efficiency, the highest in the world.
Too funny, the outside door handles on my Matrix break easier than a month old pretzel.
It seems like Toyota design their engines to be well lubricated; a sensible thing to do. Thanks for your awesome videos.
Thank you for sparing us from showing the unbolting of every bolt. It's amazing how extensive the technology tree for building a car engine. If society ever breaks down, we're not going to be making any of these for a long long time.
even though the sound of the impact driver is highly satisfying when removing a bolt, i agree =)
If the Greenies have their way, that'll be true anyway.
@@KutWrite it will be replaced by other technologies, other supply chains. The real question is whether there would be enough jobs to replace the old ones.
@@logon235 There never are, when technologies improves. But new jobs open up. Example: When cars took over from carriages. Buggy whip companies went out of business unless they adapted. But car parts needed to be made, repair stations, gas stations, etc.
@@KutWrite and the electric cars or whatever, maybe flying cars will require the same. Petrol stations could be replaced by charging stations or something else entirely.
The toothbrush is his trademark, that what distinguishes him from the rest, he is very knowledgeable, that goes without saying. I Enjoy you shows a lot.
Without the toothbrush you might think it was chrisfix with a different voice
Taptap *fking* TAP
Typical wear and tear, nothing major, relatively clean, well maintained and overall solid.
That toothbrush will have many years of use!
Speedkar99: Toyota engines are reliable
Scotty Kilmer: That's right my grandson!
😂😂😂
I wonder if Scotty still does things like engine rebuilds.
Im not related or associated. But I do drive Toyotas
I'm a Toyota fanboy too! I love my old 2001 Toyota Corolla! I plan on joining the million mile Lexus/Toyota club with it!
@@Mohapi_Tau Scotty admitted in one video before leaving Houston that he isn’t working as much on cars anymore because he doesn’t need to. He is semi-retired and picks and chooses the type of jobs he’s willing to do. That’s pretty normal for a guy who looks like he’s in his 70s.eventually as newer types of vehicles are manufactured, Scotty’s knowledge them will decrease because he won’t be able to keep up with all the new information about them. But who can keep up with all the variety of vehicles available today?
@@mplsfarmer that seems to be reasonably true, especially that I haven't seen him tear down an engine, on any of his videos. Plus on some of his videos I've heard him complain about many of the modern cars, especially luxury cars, that manufacturers are building them to become too complicated for regular mechanics to work on them.
I would like to travel back in time to 1930 and set my laptop on Henry Ford's desk and play this video for him.
That would be cool to see his reaction
The world would be driving nothing but Model Ts from the early 20th century ....
@@thetreblerebel no shit. He’s he just wants to show the improvement in Automotive technology
Just by seeing your laptop technology you will cause Henry a heart attack and there won't be any chance to review Toyota engine.
@@speedkar99 He would be shocked to see how junky the new Fords are and how excellent the new Toyotas are in comparison.
Sometimes I wonder if this channel is a subliminal ad from the toothbrush brands to get me to change mine.
I thought about that before, but he mentioned in a prior video he just likes to use his wife's toothbrush for dirty jobs like a real man do. I wonder how many times he slipped one back into the bathroom after a job.
No
@@speedkar99 just joking my man. Love your videos.
@@faeterov.. i dunno man....i keep getting ads about products by "Brother" brand
😂😂😂😂😂
Wow,. It's nice to see my Camry engine all torwn apart. Nice work.
Awesome!
Camrys are as boring as batshit yet one of the best cars money can buy.
@@davidorama6690 the new ones are stupid comfortable too
I used to have a 2013 Camry (bought new) with that exact same engine! I put approx 115,000 miles on it before trading it in for a new car. That engine still ran like the day i bought it.
Aside from the usual (tires, oil, coolant and tranny fluid), I didn't have to spend a penny on repairs
115k is barely broken in in a Toyota.
You do such a good job at these videos. These are exactly the details I want to study. Well done on the whole channel.
That twincam setup looks just like my
80s Alfa 2 liter engine did .
When maintained good and gently warmed up while cold ,
it was INDESTRUCTABLE .
Dude I’m a mechanic for 25 yrs love your videos
i'm an alcoholic and I love his videos!
Thanks! Share on your network to spread the knowledge
"You can see how simple the timing chain setup is" shudders at the thought of an Audi 4.2 V8 timing chains setup.
Boy the Audi would make for a great coffee table
@@speedkar99 There certainly a lot going on with all those chains :-)
Porsche with an IMS
But seriously... any single head engine is going to have a simple setup.
_UNLESS_ it uses a pushrod design. That’s part of why GM and Dodge continue to use pushrods in the 21st century. One chain that’s far simpler than this one.
Too bad about the roller lifters and cylinder deactivation, though.
@@speedkar99 It's a sad deal when a motor makes a better coffee table than an engine. LOL
Good stuff! One thing I liked about the old 3RZ-FE is that it had an easily accessible/replaceable timing chain tensioner (accessed *without* having to remove the timing cover).
So nice to see an engine taken apart and explained,this really will help my understand my mechanic a lot more so thanks!!
Someday I will make my own video tearing down the engine of my old Toyota, this thing has been working for 40 years and still running like nothing happened inside it
Good to hear, good luck!
Wats the milage?
@@leancove9662 precisely I don't know, I got this car ten years ago, I had driven for 40000 miles (65000 km), but the odometer only reads until 100k km, son certainly I don't know how many times it made a full turn, with me, only one
European car brands should learn from this, instead of broken timing guides, leaking gaskets, plastic parts near heat
Yes. Simple and easy to work on
Toyotas don't seem to leak often, whereas the Euro cars I've had would tend to have annoying leaking issues or things that need fixing.
Funny, as many of the Toyota engines (including small Diesels) for EU market are build in Poland, Wałbrzych engine plant, and most of them are N/A in Northern America.
www.toyotapl.com/about-us
@@RennieAsh I agree I experienced leaks with my b7 Audi and poor chain guide quality.
@@pliedtka yes but always built to Japanese standards in eu 😊
Long time viewer here. Just wanted to say I'm so proud of how far your channel has come. Hope you hit 1 million by the end of the year!
Thanks. Please share on your network so we can hit that soon!
such an underrated channel, literally so much in-depth info
Great tear-down - thanks! Bonus is that I now see for the first time how those oil filters with reusable housings work. Can you do their 3.5 V6 sometime please! 😎
I think it's because to be an engineer in Japan, especially an automotive engineer, you practically die just trying to get through university. Hell, just getting *in* .
JATCO (Nissan) certainly hired some idiots to design their CVT's and other parts of the cars. The Europeans also screwed up Nissan.
@@robinsattahip2376 I was about to say... all that tech is actually coming from Renault.
They also have culture where they value quality and dependability above all else.
There's also probably some influence from Zen minimalism
@@robvelor no. Mercedes were using this technology of the cam box system in the 1970's, being part of the M110 twin cam 6 that first appeared in 1971. The VVT system has been around for about 25 years as far as I can remember. I think this system was introduced by Mitsubishi in the very early MIVEC engines.
Ah man I was waiting for someone to do a proper teardown with explanations and I am soooo glad it was you man!!!!!
Awesome thanks!
I have a 2018 rav ,2.5,very interesting breakdown,love all that tech talk.I like your delivery speed.easy to follow
Amazing this guy knows almost every part of the engine. I'll be like where's the dipstick?
6:41 there it is
I think, I just done found the reason why people do not change the oil in these things. 😂
Yeah, hes brilliant!!
He is using the toothbrush of knowledge, thats why.
Some new cars don't have one--oil level is displayed on the dashboard infotainment screen (along with tire pressures).
Simplicity and elegant design is what I was taught in engineering for reliability. Thanks for the strip down.
Wow.....I’m impressed! Good job, no baloney! Thank-you very much! Lots of detail! Jim
PS.....have a 2017 Toyota RAV4.
Your ability to break the engine down and explain everything minute detail is very educational. It seems to sum it up to excellent lubrication and heat control. Yes?
I think the oil squirters are primarily for cooling where there's no water jacket. That's why the middle cylinders have more than the outer ones.
Open deck design... I'm sure they cool the bottom of the piston but they are also much better than relying on splash lubrication alone
The oil squirters are purely for cooling the underside of the piston crown and skirt.
the 2 middle pistons get hotter than the 2 outer, being as they are central in the stack and don't benefit from having the extra cooling the outer pistons do. extra oil to help cool them down is a no brainer.
I had the trusty 2ZV-FE(2.5L V6 DOHC 160 hp/tq) on my 1990 Lexus ES250. Had 275k miles on original engine and it was still running strong but some kids vandalized my car and it got totaled out :( RIP ES250 5MT.
Straight and to the point . All killer and no filler . A+
Still got my 1991 3S-GTE turbo engine, just finished a rebuild and was very happy to see there was very minimal wear, mine was starting to use oil alot, turned out to be all valve oil seals were cracked and 8 oil return holes on oil control rings on all 4 pistons were full up of waxy stuff, the control rings were also solid and didn't really move, thank god for the oil squirters! ended up stripping down, washing entire engine with chemicals to remove the waxy stuff from holes gallerys etc, new piston ring set, light hone out, new main bearings as 1 had worn slightly through coating, 2 new thrust washers, new big end bearings, I polished the crank and cam bearings, used plastigauge to size replacement bearings, stuck whole lot back together with new seals and gaskets, its literally going back in the MR2 this week, hopefully will last another 30 years, legendary engines, now got a 3S-GE to put in a Caterham so that's up next for clean & rebuild if needed.
Man, you can see one of the reasons for Toyota reliability in all the engineering detail involved with the lubrication system.
Thanks for this video. Very educational.
Glad you found it helpful. Please share on your network
Wow. This dude is like a mechanical engineer and a mechanic combined. Really great video. Genius level. Damn!
Nobody makes a better video on the breakdown of engines! Bravo speedkar99!
Man...the switch from American engines, to Japanese engines is eye opening. A VVT doesnt mess around. VVT is fascinating. I wonder how far we are from individual, independent, valve control? Like the Freevalve. Seems like Toyota already has very tuned control over valve timing. The next step must be the ultimate control over a combustion engine; a computer controlled, independent valve train....Cool
I’m new to the 1GR-FE would be super rad to see a tear down. I hope to keep the wife’s 2020, and my 2021 going for a long long time.
I would like to teardown any GR engine.
I have the 2GR in my Lexus GS
That’s a great engine. Been around for a longgg time. You will have many trouble free years with it.
New sub! Thanks for taking time to drop this vid and go in-depth!!!!
Thanks for subscribing
Thank you for a very detailed explanation. Thoroughly enjoyable
thank you for the this engine review, I own a rav4 with this engine for 10 years still running strong.
How many miles and any issues?
@@speedkar99 It has 150000 k on it now and the engine and gear box still no issues, I change oil every 5000 k on engine and 20000 k on gear box.
We have a 2009 RAV4 with this engine and less than 55,000 miles on it. Actually ours is a RAV2 cause it's not 4WD. I also change the oil every 5,000 miles and I've done three drain and fills for the ATF.
Great video! Would love to see tear down of the 2AZ-FE engine in the future
That's not a good example of a Toyota motor haha
@@speedkar99 Please do so, Ive been wanting this for so long! I still have my solara since your solara videos
The black sheep of the Toyota engines
Love the vid and the table at the end made it worth sticking around very creative
Thanks! I have alot more tables to come
Very good video! Lots of information in this video, thank you.
Wow you are very knowledgeable on these Toyota engines....you would make a great teacher!
Wait a minute, you are a great teacher. Thanks!
Thanks
I watched this video a few times, and it had major influence on my decision to buy a RAV4, which I just got this past week. Thanks Speedkar99 -- your vids are a public service.
Great choice bro
Great detailed teardown with everything clearly explained. Subbed.
Very informative, as always. If a 1NZ-FE comes your way, please do a video on it.
Engines design is like entropy: always tending to ever more complexity. We await to see how reliable the new Toyota dynamic force engines are.
I took a deep dive into those in my Corolla Camry RAV4 mechanical Reviews. They are quite complicated for a conservative company like Toyota. Hopefully they last as long as their predessesor
Entropy tends toward simplicity,unless you are a biologist but they dont need physics
@po18guy What's your point? Simpler engines are also far less fuel-efficient and far more polluting. Complexity exists for a good reason.
@@iankemp2627 wrong. we are talking reliability here, not fuel and emissions. complexity sucks.
@po18guy correct.
That balancing system is the most interesting thing. It would be interesting to know how much longevity that gives to the engine, though, quite how one can do that I don’t know.
I love the table man! Great color scheme.
Thanks!! I'll be making more , check my Instagram to see what's next
Another great job Sally! time to go work for an OEM!
Nah I don't want to work for OEM. I want to do work for myself 😉
you sir are a tru hero keep up the good job
Thanks
The record of these is excellent, the record so far with Dynamic Force engines is impressive for how much more is involved in hitting those efficiency targets. I get excellent mileage on mine.
It sure is amazing how complex it is. Waiting on long term reliability data to see how it'll hold up
@@speedkar99 I’d say from what I’ve heard so far is they are even more reliable. The electric water pumps are more reliable than the old leaky belt driven one on this engine. The dynamic force engine is durable enough to run on 0w16 oil. Most people will probably be better off switching to 0w20 after the warranty is done.
Most amazing you tube video ever.....amazing engineering very well done!
Love the table stand at the end; very creative.
Thanks. I make them when done tearing down the engines
Pretty simple answer here-well designed, made from quality materials, and assembled by hand with care and precision.
That toothbrush is very reliable too. LOL.
Colgate 👍👌
It’s also made by Toyota!
Stumbled on your channel and I'm subscribed, excellent work
I love the toothbrush as a pointer. Truly conscious of the in the environment as a multiple use tool. Good job man
The current gen A25A-FKS 2.5L engine inherited a lot from this design, including more plastic parts lol
The A25A is another wonder in itself...lots of new tech. See my Corolla / Camry reviews for that.
@@speedkar99 Thanks man, watched most of your videos, keep'em coming! The new 2.5 Toyota engine is pretty good aside awful noise during acceleration and lack of low end torque and most of hp coming up high rpm.
@@speedkar99 the dynamic force motors are insane in what they bring to the table hut the complexity scares me. I currently drive an 07 matrix with the 1ZZ-FE and it's got a cracked manifold seal (according to the local mechanic, not sure if it's true), bad engine mounts, and a few other minor issues but at nearly 200K miles most of these issues I honestly think I can just overlook until the rest of the car falls apart (been this way for a while - car has had a hard life, especially with the previous owners who I know). Im not sure if these new engines will be capable of running into the ground like this. I certainly hope they retain the legendary reliability.
@@scenicdepictionsofchicagolife now that you know why don't you replace the seal yourself?
@@scenicdepictionsofchicagolife I hope so. I guess people were hesitant to DOHC and EFI and VRIS etc, new tech is always scary lol. I hope my Corollas M20A-FKS runs for hundreds of KM lol!
I’m changing my oil tomorrow
Magnificent! Very watchable, thanks.
I like the way you explain to us, easy, short, no music, no introduction@understood
Thanks
Following you from arab middle east🌹
Thanks from Canada
Short and to the point is how it's gotta be
This is why I just bought my 1st Japanese car a Lexus 450h mk4 😊 had enough of the unreliability of audi and German cars.
All cars are reliable. It's the owner
@@vj8452 not true in my case I owned an Audi A4 2.0 TFSI b7 Quattro for 5 years no money spared looking after it and it was super unreliable almost £1000 a year in repair bills. Also suffered oil chain pump failure due to known manafactor non serviceable part failure which cost me thousands to fix. Audi Uk told me to jog on at first until I took it to court.
@@vj8452 only people who dont get their hands dirty say that.I wouldn’t have a business specializing in European vehicles then if thats the case😎
@@Anomize23 repair and prosper ££££ my friend 🤣🤣🤣
This engine must have very reliable seals for the 5 large horizontal sealing surfaces.
Most engines have only three: valve cover, cylinder head gasket, and sump.
No doubt they use excellent materials. I own a 1982 Honda CBX-1000 6-cylinder motorcycle that doesn't leak.
Nice video!
You are right. Not a design I'd prefer but hey it works
@@speedkar99 would you prefer to not have the balance shafts and their complexity? Also why no thrust washers?
@@speedkar99 The Honda 'K' series engine is the Standard that all Engines should be judged by there a Bullet Proof design that has stood the test of time... still to this day folks are coming up with mad ways of fitting the likes of serious Turbos and superchargers onto same, to drop into retro or modified cars and getting really mad horse power out of same... [Got a local main Honda dealer to change out my 2006 Honda CRVMK11 [K20 ] Water pump as the Mechanical Seal failed that was over ten years ago that job cost 220 Euro including Parts, Labour and Taxes...can't be bad to that price...Great strip down and Upload First rate...
@@malachy1847 meh ..my Accord engine burned oil and the vvt war very hard in the timing chain that it was a cascading failure.
The knowledge that this guy spits out is truly incredible!
Your breadth of knowledge has me subscribed. Then again,l I don’t know anything about engines, so I’m relying on others’ saying you’re knowledgeable, but you’ve got us all convinced. 😂
Quite impressed that this 2.5L 4 cylinder in-line engine can pull a heavy Toyota RAV4 and additional towing capacity. Engineering has come a long way. Congrats Toyota.
Yes it's quite powerful if you think back 15-20 years ago what a 2.5 was rated it
Would love to see you do a teardown of a Nissan QR25 engine. I think they're solid engines if you keep up with maintenance.
Altima 4 banger?
@@speedkar99 yep I have an 04 and it's pretty smooth
@@robertparsons6781 Very Solid Besides The Pre-Cat And Butterfly Screws Problems With The 1st Gen QR25DE.
Another home run video. As usual, great brush toss at the end. I actually wait for it.
I was looking for the effect of not changing engine oil. This disassembly gives me good ideas.
I like the looks of this engine. Sure a lot more sensible than that BMW inline six we looked at a while ago.
I know right! Not nearly as complicated and still will out last it.
I mean the BMW engine makes significantly more power in all fairness.
If you're rich get BMW, if you want something to get you from point A to B Toyota is a better choice
Don't forget Papadakis's stroker 2AR on the Corolla.
Instant subscription. I was just watching engine balancing video by Driving 4 Answers. This one was recommended and the algorithm was spot on. I also use toothbrushes to clean clean car parts.
Excellent, comprehensive video!👍
That was really really good mate. Would you consider doing a video covering the recalls Toyota made on these engines mentioned in the Wikipedia also regarding the N.America law suites?
Can you do a 2zzge teardown love to see that!
Yes please!
And the 5L diesel engine
This same type of motor is in my 2010 Camry. Best car I ever owned. Great job explaining the parts and operation of this engine. 210K miles and still going strong.
Awesome video!
This is amazing. Can you review a 5s-fe engine? Pretty please?
I second this 👍🏾
I've had alot of requests. But I just don't see what's so interesting with the 5S...it's so simple.
@@speedkar99 all I know is, I have 320k on my 97 camry lol I think that's a variation of the same engine in the first gen rav4 and third gen camry, thats why I would bw interested lol
@@speedkar99 seeing what reliability looks like and how it could possibly be better is fascinating nowadays compared to the crap that gets made new.
You are still alive speedkar !!!
Yep
@@speedkar99 V6 Toyota
Lot of information in this video. Thanks so much for making it.👍 Learn a lot of the car I am driving.
You are welcome. Glad you could learn something
Outstanding video !!
>when youre in the middle of brushing your teeth but you get a great video idea
I have no idea why Toyota abandoned the 20 valve 4A-GE engine. It could still kick ass nowadays.
Probably because emissions or fuel consumption
Maybe an aluminium block (it wouldn't be the 4a block, idk if it woud be called 5a or its too diferent to still be an "a" block) and some modifications (direct and port inyection, and some detune)
Also, a new 4a-fe would be important too (it would be expensive to make an engine that would only be used on sports cars)
Modernization
Because of cost. That old 20 valve 4A-GE is a closed deck design. You more money and it is harder to cast a closed deck engine .
Just a super well done video. There are people who should make UA-cam videos and people who shouldn't. This Guy definitely should. Keep up the good work.
I had a 2007 Camry. I bought it brand new. I have had over 20 brand new cars of Ford, Chrysler, GM and Kia in 50 years of servicing my own cars. This Toyota was the only car that started using oil at 30,000 miles. About a quart per oil change which was 3500 miles. First heard it was the valve guide seals then it was low tention rings. So much for their reliability!
They're reliable but oil is just part of the running costs on these 😟
There are tons of articles on that series engine showing that it's the oil control rings. It was a _design_ issue; Toyota is still one of the most reliable automakers.
🪥 🪥 🪥
"This man is a mechanic, so we can't show you his face on television..."
Haha
Great teardown. The design looks super simple, compared to some of the other engines you've showcased on your channel. My 2AR-FE Camry is still running just fine at 180,000 miles.
Mine is ready to hit 270k.. Runs like it did in 2010.
Top rate showmanship! I like to put it together again. Well done.
Thanks!
Fantastic breakdown, thanks!
The 2011+ Scion tC also uses the 2AR engine, Ive been trying to find a turbo kit with no luck. Sketchy turbo kits for he 2AZ are plentiful on ebay though.
As a Scion tC owner, putting a turbo in it is just laughable to me.
@@Justin-nx3pw Yea, but I figured getting a used kit for ~$2500 and reaching around 300 horsepower wouldnt be a bad upgrade for some fun.
Not sure how I'd feel turboing a tC
Keep it stock, and it’ll be reliable, play with it and you’ll always be working on it. Been there......Jim (I’m 74 years old)
Timing chains also needs to be replaced after certain miles tend to stretch, less frequent than the timing belt driven engines.
Chain is still better
Outstanding presentation and extraordinary grasp of the subject matter.
Excellent presentation ! Very thorough breakdown with specific details !
Toyota is quality automotive.