What’s always so mind-bending about planet collision simulations like this one is how fluid the impacts are. It’s more like two water droplets splashing together in space than most people would expect.
From the planet's point of view, the only states of matter that actually matter (pun intended) are liquid and gas. The scale is too big to see solid structures acting... Well solid
@@martinfehringer6408 Indeed. Nevertheless, the effects would be mostly independent of where it impacted, at least in terms of the way the shockwave would be transmitted throw a spherical planet-ish body. However, you do raise a very important point. While the shockwave would transmit through the planet, almost causing a planetary-scale spalling of the opposite side of the larger planet, on the opposite side from the impact, regardless of where the smaller planet hit, the effects would be dramatically different, in terms of how the debris would scatter, and where it would fall, if it had hit squarely on one of the poles, rather than close to the equator, which is more like what it looks like in the model The debris pattern might change in such a way that it could alter the extent of the spaghettification of the smaller planet's core, like what we see in the model. Or, if it were a more direct hit, rather than a somewhat glancing blow, it seems that the smaller planet's core could conceivably have impacted our own core, perhaps contributing to the Thorium and Uranium content of our own core, which may have been why our core did not solidify, and why our magnetic field still protects our atmosphere and our DNA from solar rays, while Mars' solidified probably billions of years ago, causing it to lose its oceans, perhaps? Whether a more direct impact would have resulted in more or less of the heavy metals being near the surface of earth, I do not know. I'd suggest asking a supercomputer that same question, though. If it impacted in-line with the spin of the earth, this could have drastically decreased or increased the rate of spin of the Earth, perhaps indefinitely. If it did hit closer to one of the poles, perhaps this might partly explain the tilt of Earth's pole relative to our orbit around the sun, which is responsible for the seasons, which could also have played a major role in the evolution of life, and perhaps even the emergence and the survival of life. Whatever the case may be, I believe all of the extremely rare relationships between Earth and our one disproportionately large moon, which is so kind as to change the tides for us every few hours, for the past several billion years and counting, and to have donated a few gigatons of its own flesh to our surface, and thus to our primordial seas, and to our volcanic rocks and thermal vents nearest to the surface... this all adds a great deal of credence to the rare earth hypothesis, in my opinion, and explains why life may be quite rare in the universe. Not to say unique, which is certainly not the same as rare. I'm sure there is a great deal of life in the universe. But I suspect this is the reason why we do not have dozens of alien species on dozens of different alien outposts in our solar system, transmitting their TV stations to Earth as we speak, because, when we look at the galaxy, with Hubble and James Webb, as rare as G type stars and rocky planets in the Goldilocks zone are, it is the nature of our moon, and what it gave to earth, and how it would have accelerated early organic chemistry, and exponentially increased potential chemical combinations that may have given rise to life, which seems almost unique, based on the relatively small subset of exoplanets we've seen so far. While that subset of exoplanets is small, relative to how many are in the galaxy, I believe we do know enough about a hundred or so exoplanets to know that the ratio in size of that of Earth to the Moon, and their orbits apart, are indeed essentially unique, especially if we exclude gas giants and planets orbiting as close to their star as mercury. This tells us that life may be more precious than we'd imagined. It also tells us much more about where to look for life. We need to look for a G type star, with liquid water, and a moon like ours, which creates tides, on a planet with some continents and some oceans. If we ever find another such planet, that is where I would focus my search for life, with my interstellar Von Neumann probes, and the like... That being said, those calculations would all change dramatically if we were to find a true second genesis on Mars or one of the moons of Saturn or Jupiter. I get the impression that we probably did find life on Mars recently, but NASA can't say so yet, until and unless it gets the samples back. However, we have to be extremely careful to determine whether it is a true 2nd genesis, or, as I suspect is far more likely, if life spread from Earth to Mars, back when Mars had liquid water and a magnetic shield, with a much thicker CO2 atmosphere, which would have been very friendly to certain spores, seeds, or bacteria which might have been transmitted from Earth to Mars by an asteroid impact, followed by the solar wind scattering bits in Mars' direction, or if some of the debris happened to fly in that direction. Or, perhaps life came from Mars to Earth originally, but was unable to survive on Mars. It will be impossible to say without the samples, and even then, it may still be impossible. It could be difficult to say even after decades of manned archeological research on Mars. Whatever the case may be, please be very careful with those samples, NASA. I suggest examining them at an orbital laboratory, before bringing them into Earth's atmosphere, just in case, because there are just so many unknowns, since it appears there was indeed life there, based on the recent sample data, the aromatics, and the like. Since the potential worst case scenario for all life on Earth could, conceivably, be absolutely catastrophic, it is best to proceed with the utmost caution, even if the likelihood of there being anything that could germinate out of a sample, at this point, would be very low. The danger, I think, is somewhat less low than some may expect, because if there was life on Mars, and it died out as the oceans evaporated, the magnetic shield failed, and the stellar wind blew the atmosphere away, then the odds are, it had a billion years or so to evolve under those conditions, and it is impossible to say what adaptations life may have come up, in response to such extreme stimuli, given a very large amount of time and opportunity, and a strong will to survive. Perhaps it is resistant to hard radiation. Perhaps it can survive in very low pressure. We just can't really even begin to imagine. Let's examine it in orbit, just because we can, and because it will reduce risk, please. Why wouldn't we? Won't that also reduce the risk of us losing the samples in reentry before anyone can ever get a close look at them? I suspect we could build a very sophisticated, remotely operated, orbital laboratory, for this purpose, over the next few years, if we put our minds to it, long before the sample make it back.
The insane part of this you don't get from the video is that this didn't happen over a period of millions or thousands of years, but just 13 hours. That is absolutely wild when you think about it.
That's freaking less than a day!! Little over mid-day, I can't believe it! Thought it's a simulation for a few thousand of years at the very least! ... I can't believe unless I actually watch it with my own eyes lol ... How can that have happened that fast! 😦
@@zeitlichkeit5094 the universe tends to do that. If it hasn’t left you scratching your head over seemingly simple mechanisms, you don’t understand enough about it
The fact that the collision caused exactly two bodies, one large and one small, to form and then for the larger one to pull the smaller one into a stable orbit before being absorbed back into Earth is the most astonishing aspect of this to me. Humans are naturally curious about and facisnated by what's out there, but I think no matter what we find nothing will ever be as remotely wonderous as planet Earth and its moon. What a series of happy accidents this planet has undergone to become the cosmic anomoly that it is, and I think we take it for granted. Like humans think Earth is normal and there must be extra terrestrial life out there somewhere but even if that's true, the kind of world Earth became is probably the farthest thing from normal in the universe. There is sustained life here and there has been for millions of years and it's all thanks to cosmic events of pure happenstance like this. That's insane.
What I find amazing about collisions of these sizes is the fact they're so massive that the tidal forces alone are enough to liquify entire planets before they've even collided, watching incoming objects being stretched out as they reach their periapsis mesmerizes me every single time.
@@gdgd5194 nah, for billions of years I floated through the universe watching the universe slowly condense and coalesce, that, or I play way too much Universe Sandbox
@@gdgd5194 Nah, but Jupiter has a moon slightly larger than ours that gets heated to the pint of having active vulkanism by being kned and deformed like dough from a lot less gravitational force than a planetary colision would have.
The Earth and the Moon collided, but this video is worthy of a Disney animation. Here are two scenarios in this film which show two collision scenarios between Earth and Moon ua-cam.com/video/CI2P3jzyftI/v-deo.html. The Earth and the Moon are not disintegrated and each body keeps the traces of this collision. This collision between Moon and Earth is distinguished by the observation : - huge impact craters (on the Earth - Tibet, and on the Moon - Mare Orientale) - the earth's crust divided into plates, - of a particular relief compared to the other planets, - the desert relief of the Gobi in the Sahara directly linked to the giant impact crater in Tibet, represented by huge landfills of the lunar soil and other desert areas - volcanoes and mountains far from the edges of the lithospheric plates and those along the edges - huge ruptures of lithosphere represented by magma flows released in the Pacific, Indian and South Atlantic oceans - chains of earth crust projections seen at the bottom of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans - chains of earth crust ejections seen on the ground, like the summits in Africa - traces of the tsunamis which followed one another following the collision, represented by ripples at the bottom of the ocean at the places where the magma came out along the said "ridges" - "damaged" lunar relief seen by the South Pole-Aitken basin - eccentricity of the lunar relief because of its discharges on Earth and which determines a fixed position of the Moon with respect to the Earth, represented by visible face and hidden face - the periodic inclinations of the rotation axes of the Earth and the Moon - the plane of the lunar orbit inclined with respect to the plane of the earth's orbit These are direct consequences due to a mechanical action by the impact between the Earth and the Moon. The theory of continental drift is wrong and the classification of geological eras is also wrong due to the jostling of the earth's crust during the impact and the mixing with lunar soil, which itself has another age reference. . Fossils, such as the skeletons of dinosaurs and other animals, coal, oil, gas, are entities that are consequences of this collision.
Actually this collision could be very unusual in the universe. We have no proof that this kind of Planet-Moon formation happens with any degree of regularity. This could be very rare indeed where a collision like this begets a Planet and a single very large Moon. And that could be why life on Earth is what it is and very rare indeed.
@@georgespalding7640 Thank you for your clarification, man. I love astrophysics but I still have a long way ahead to learn and understand what we know so far.
From my astronomy classes I've learned that the size difference between the moon and the earth is actually pretty rare from what we've observed. Most terrestrial planets either don't have moons or have relatively small ones. Ours is quite big but so is the universe so something incredibly rare could be happening every second at some place in the universe.
If I could have one thing answered in whatever afterlife there may or may not be, I would want to be able to witness these events happening. The sheer time scale involved in planet formation, watching a star ignite from pressure alone, seeing inside a black hole. Space is my favorite thing by far
Space needs to be the top thing that every government concerns themselves with. One day the Sun will go red giant and engulf the inner planets. By then we need to be a multiplanet or even intergalactic. As far out as that event is it will take us that long to get there. We need to work on sending unmanned missions to potentially habitable exoplanets, building large ships which mimic the conditions of Earth inside so that when or if a habitable explanation is found we can send a colony. The people who leave here will not be the people who make it there. It would take so long that their ancestors would be the ones to land. All of this would take EONS to perfect which is why we should start NOW!
Certainly! Perhaps not much from this collision so long ago, but in the same way we find rocks from Mars, for example, that were ejected by impacts and eventually land on Earth.
Gotta say the way the earth just went full liquid and you could see the ripples go back and forth was amazing and terrifying and fascinating. I’m gonna watch this a few times more.
@@trbz_8745 to add on it 8f this where to happen now the earth would also act the same way as its nearly all a liquid it would just have a thin shell that would disappear instantly as it shaters
@@artimus4198 "models are all incorrect, some are useful" If your model perfectly recreates what it is modeling, it stops being a model and just becomes that thing
Things this theory proves: Originally it was thought that the exoplanet (Thea) glanced the Earth, almost destroying it and creating two moons that formed into one moon later on, however this theory proves that the earth was in fact completely destroyed by the impact and during its reformation left a piece (the moon) out of its grasp. This also proves that the moon formed much farther away than we thought, more like half the distance it is today rather than a tenth the distance. This also means that the earth’s rotation is slowing down less than we originally thought
@bguen1234 funny thing about time, causality, and the butterfly effect, you can never truly know what might happen. I'm not saying we as humans might still exist, certainlynot as we are now, and while yes the probability of life simply not starting is high, but one thing you must know, and any scientist or scholar will tell you, is that when dealing with "what if" there are no absolutes. So yes, earth with two moons COULD possibly maybe have had a chance to support life, and MAYBE that life might have reached our level of development. In which case that would have been a beautiful night sky, But we may never know.
This is DPM simulation where each particle holds all reality parameters such as gravity, pressure, velocity, etc. All these parameters are established via solving NS, GR equations. Each equation is solved iterative process. As a result, massive computing power and time is required. That's why supercomputer is used, and still this can take 1 to 3 years to get this type of result.
Really? That's absolutely ridiculous levels of computing. I didn't realise such accurate but most importantly comprehensive models and equations could be formed and, no wonder it takes so long.
They dont use general relativity lol, its special relativity. You dont need GR for this, its pointless. And in any case, every particle doesnt model gravity or energy directly, that would take like 5 trillion years to compute. Ever heard of N-body problem? Look at how many particles there is, you cant even see them individually. "Direct methods using numerical integration require on the order of 1/2n^2 computations to evaluate the potential energy over all pairs of particles, and thus have a time complexity of O(n^2)" In other words, the time required to compute gets squared with every new particle using direct methods. Its not happening EVER with this many particles. So obviously gravity (and other stuff) here is approximated for every particle, using fast fourier transform.
It's all relative to size. Imagine a large rain drop hits the pavement right next to an ant. To us it wasn't even noticeable, but to the ant it's far different.
yea but imagine you're in high orbit and you're lucky enough to have all the chunks of the planet miss your space station, altough I'm not sure how the gravity changing it's force and direction so fast would affect acceleration@@musclechicken9036
It's truly cataclysmic. The concept of earth as a sphere with terrain on top of it would cease to be meaningful. The entire outer layer of our planet would be completely scrambled. I'm really, REALLY glad this happened before life could get going. Also really glad the odds of it happening today are vanishingly small compared to the early days of the solar system.
The fluid feeling seems so off, but the forces at play must be so insanely strong even the toughest matters must look liquified during such an event! Incredible work. It just forces humility on us wee humans
Gas is a fluid, the impact of the the planet on earth would’ve been so hot that it’d have vaporised a lot of matter and liquified a lot of the rest, which is why it looks so fluid.
If I could I would run simulations like these all day, tweaking minor things to see new results, adding new factors, other planets, bodies etc. the capability of this simulation software is endless; regardless of whether it happened or exists you can simulate it. You should run one of Phobos colliding with Mars, given it’s current orbital decay. Would be nice to have a glimpse of the future, especially since it could release debris toward earth.
No traces of moon debris, but gravity formed it into a perfect sphere? This is actually polytheism. If you dig up a clay jar that belonged to an ancient civilization, would you say: look how the earth's gravity formed this mud into a jar? These are polytheists who took atoms and gravity as their creators.
@@corporatecapitalism yeah u can’t have infinite free will to create thought without infinity actually existing(infinite consciousness). Ur mind is limited by ur brain which is why physical reality requires u to labor to bring your thoughts into reality
Just kinda happened that way... If it hit in a slightly different way, then we would have had two moons the same way many other planets can have them... But we're not in that universe, so we ended up with the one
This simulation uses smooth particle hydrodynamics; a method where you use particles of a discrete size, temp, mass, etc. You can use it to model a continuous fluid like the earth with far more accuracy than a direct field based simulation would allow. This uses 100 million particles in total i believe. They showed increasing the resolution (number of particles, so using more particles with lower masses) showed different results, significantly so. We probably need a few billion to model accurately an impact like this, where more particles won’t change much
For those interested in more details about this effort: This research is a collaborative effort between Ames and Durham University, supported by the Institute for Computational Cosmology's Planetary Giant Impact Research group. The simulations used were run using the open-source SWIFT, (SPH with Inter-Dependent Fine-grained Tasking) code, carried out on the DiRAC (Distributed Research Utilizing Advanced Computing) Memory Intensive service ("COSMA"), hosted by Durham University on behalf of the DiRAC High-Performance Computing facility.
Give each body its own colour, and you would be able to get an idea of how material from each of the two original bodies distribute in the two final bodies.
What would it be like to float high over the Earth as a river of lava more massive than continent falls to earth from the sky? What a sight that would have been! A pillar of fire stretching halfway to infinity flowing like water overhead, and wear it lands wave after wave of lava Miles and Miles high spreading over the face of that mass of land beneath. I wish they could make a simulation that showed that perspective. I'm sure it would prove that the formation of the moon was awesome
The whole earth was probably covered in magma at the time, so there wouldn’t be too much of a difference other than a significantly deeper band with some crest lining it’s sides.
Well the video mentioned that in this sim the moon only took a few hours to form, so considering that time frame while watching it I'd think it'd be moving plenty fast enough to watch it come down. Also i believe he was imagining it as a sim and watching it from within the orbit of moon to earth somewhere. Sounds fun. 😁
Melting lava in the sider space -270 ? 😂😂😂😂😂 u think in terms of human vision The only hot emanations might come from the sun that simulation is idiotic
How would the earth keep its gravitational pull after being torn in half? How would it just pull all the chunks back they would be flying at an insane speed through space? Why would the moon be the only part that doesnt get sucked back? How didnt the earth itself get thrown off its rotation and sent flying off into space? How did jupiter end up with 95 moons or saturn with 146? Does this suggest this kind of event happened to those planets that many times?
At the time the moon was created, the Earth had not yet formed a crust. That's why the surface of the Earth in the video looks like a viscous water droplet.
@@Roo-vy2cI The Earth's crust is only a few miles thick brother. Its like an apple but with a liquid interior. The gravity of the Moon would make it deform until it breaks apart and its like the crust was never there to begin with. The crust being fully formed or not doesn't change sh*t.
It's actually absurd to think about how cataclysmic this event would be to witness. Before impact it's already deformed, and the intense amount if energy makes the solid bodies look like a liquid, really cool. Edit I just realized they're orange because the material is so heated and after the beginning of solar system that they're essentially just balls of lava
The early solar system was such a crazy and active period. There were probably several more inner orbital bodies that formed that either collided to make the bodies we have now or got eaten by the sun or Jupiter.
@@vice.nor.virtue the leading theory is that this collision happened very early on in Earths formation, so it seems like this depicts fairly accurate conditions for two newly formed bodies. Also even now the Earth is not a solid collection mass, let alone some billions of years ago.
Really it's only a visualization nothing else, these peoples are do mind programming for the normies. So that they lost their faith upon the God and do believe in this pseudoscience 😭😭😭
The idea that such a huge chunk of matter was blasted away from the Earth, then mostly reformed with the main planet, is pretty mind-blowing to consider.
@🍄Personal Shaman🍄 And what would be the point? Really, why would anyone do that? And how would you decive the whole scientific comunity of millions of people who spend their lives suding that stuff? And there is also only one way for such a moon like ours to form, and that an enourmous impact. Because it´s too massive to be captured and during formation the material would just fall into earth too.
@🍄The Shaman from within 🍄 Publication of method is how science verifies results. Other scientists will now run their own simulation on their own computers to either verify or refute the published results.
@Shaman196 This is the most likely theory as of the moment. Doesn't mean its what happened, but its the best guess. General relativity, quantum mechanics are all just guesses based on what we observe. They all were tested and worked, so we think they are true. Similar here.
@🍄The Shaman from within 🍄 actually it's most likely to be so. It kinda blow me out of my mind, because we still don't know for sure where is the moon comes from. I used to know that it was formed like the rest of the planet in our solar system, turned out it was wrong, and even with the advanced simulation presented in here, the theory of moon origin will be just giving another head ache question needs to be answered to the point that the most non logical theory is left, which is the moon is brought here, and judging by it, kinda makes no sense and make sense at the same time. The theory will answer so many unanswered questions such as why the moon orbit is as it is, why the surface of the moon is harder on the outside, etc. Yet the theory also give a big question to be answered, who brought it...i trully loves science and be grateful admiring the beauty of the moon with its mystery.
Or so the science boys say, ya know the same science boys that get billions of dollars a year in funding for literally baseless claims and zero advancement. Meanwhile Elon builds his own "NASA" and has done more for science in 10 years then NASA has done in 80 years. But nah believe NASA they KNOW how it all works right?
Well that’s the problem you won’t because it has never been achieved by a computer program, it always fails. They re-ran the simulation thousands of time obviously tweaking the simulation each time and it has never successfully formed a moon.
maybe they were able to get this simulation to form a moon at the time this simulation was made. But from all the information I have gathered prior to this simulation they have never successfully formed the moon from the colliding of two bodies. It always falls apart and the earth recaptures the initial debris.
Years ago I asked my dad the question "How is there a Moon?" Ever since i loved Theia/Earth collisions and the theory. This simulation is really cool and things like this are the reasons I love space! I'm also happy that this isn't something old but new to me, as this video published 4 days ago, quite recent!
@LUCI this is just how bible have scientific error bro, for example, God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, today we know day and night day is one light by sun not TWO GREAT LIGHT
@LUCI this is almost certainly an adolescent/minor. you can't just go around trying to indoctrinate other peoples children with your ancient 'sKy DaDdY lOvEs Me' psy-op. keep ur 'great, all-loving' homo-hating cloud crusader to yourself, your family, and those you already know are down with mr. 'my way or the highway' yahwey. don't blindly polute the digital space with this 🗑
As it gets closer and reaches earth’s roche limit gravity became so immense that it actually elongated the body. If proto earth was massive enough the body would instead break apart before even landing on earth and it would create a ring around the planet depending on its direction.
I would watch this simulation play in real time, this stuff is always fascinating to me. Also very satisifying just watching the bodies flow and morph.
@@Redditor6079 Yeah Earth is indeed flat. I used to believe that there is the solar system but there was waters before God said, "Let there be light" So...no big bang or the solar system.
Could you please add to the description some very basic computational stats like how many TFLOPS over X days it took to create this simulation? What type of supercomputer was used, etc. Very fascinating stuff but it would be awesome to understand a bit more about the computational costs for creating this amazing simulation. Thanks so much! Incredible work by your team.
@@tucker8071 The moon provides stability to earth's rotation, which otherwise could have been far less stable than it is now. The moon also helps regulate the tides.
This is exactly what my mom told me she thought happened when the Big Bang happened like 30 years ago. The Big Bang’s explosion released magma that was projectiled all over the universe. It went at such high speeds, and this caused the magma to spin which created planets, stars, etc.
Sometimes it's hard to wrap your mind around that, but when you're dealing with massive objects like a planet and the speeds they're travelling at the moment they collide all sense of what you know and have seen seems redundant. To see how a planetary body immediately converts that kinetic energy upon impact making the bodies look like jello, is amazing.
@Vladimir poopin i'm not too sure if molten really was the exact consistency of the planetary materials. Solid particles loose from each other, moving en masse will do so like fluid.
It's amazing to think that if the other huge chunk didn't form where it did, at the right mass, with the right momentum, the main bit that became the moon might've just gotten flung away, or pulled back into Earth with it. Gravity would be a bit stronger, but we also wouldn't have the moon's orbit acting like a counterweight to stabilize the Earth's axial wobble. Not only no tides, but true North wouldn't stay pointed at Polaris most of the time, no climate bands or stable coriolis winds, the day and night period would be vastly different... If things even developed anywhere remotely close to the last few hundred million years... There'd still be megastorms everywhere, any life would have to be lucky to have found a safe spot for long enough to survive and thrive out of water, and would either grow to take the weather as it happened, or would never stop migrating and have to rely on sensing weather patterns and basically getting lucky again if it didn't lead them to a place that wouldn't have their favorable range of climate conditions for very long. Forget a seasonal pattern, anywhere, at least in single years. Nothing would have developed anywhere close to what it is now without that thing just happening to get tugged gently into almost the absolute perfect place. It's kinda sad that it's actually slowly getting further away... But I suppose we're also lucky that it's only something like 1 inch every 10-12 years. 😅
Y’all know this is a theory, yeah? They don’t know for sure, or even at all, that this is actually how the moon was formed. It’s a good theory, but let’s not pretend like we know this is how things went down. It’s a cool simulation, and great visuals, and very fascinating to consider the possibilities, but all still just theoretical.
@@blueberry1c2 considering there is water literred all over the solar system in placed we thought impossible, it is very widely known and accepted that there are many unknown methods of creating water at the atomic and quantum levels. It possible that the intense forces of this movement created some, but obviously we still lack powerful enough supercomputers to know that. People need to remember all the facets of the scentific method, and stop relying so heavily on small scale lab created analogs and experiments. In the same way the LHC and bigger colliders need to be built to replicate extreme conditions, we would need to replicate and study the proportional extremes of a collision by planet sized bodies to actually "know" anything.
@@kampybballer21 maybe the original poster meant just in the solar system in general and not in this pair of bodies. All of that is molten rock and there's no way water could stay on the earth at that point in time.
@@blueberry1c2 not in liquid form of course, but there are many exotic states of matter. At the atomic scale we are just talking about oxygen and two hydrogen atom, its highly likely it was present then in an exotic yet to be fully explained state of matter. You gotta put QM and GR together equally when talking about stuff on this scale, its a pattern of thinking that MUST not be ignored any longer.
Yes and that aspect, with such high detail in particles and their behaviour, that is how you can see that this is an actual supercomputer produced simulation. There are a lot of planetary impact simulations on YT, but this is the most perfect and natural one I have seen until now. For this detail level you need extreme computation power. The entire impact now looks far more like one large swirling wave than just a bang. It's also a lot more similar in shape to colliding galaxy situations for example.
@@Hooyahfish Not really to start; but the magnetic field is what allowed it to last. That was done by the molten core. The Mars we see was very much caused by its core solidifying.
@@michaelpcoffee yeah. I just always wonder what variables actually matter for life. I don’t even know if a magnetosphere is necessary if the planet has caves or a thick ice crust. A moon could be protected by its planet’s magnetosphere.
oh my god - do you know how long i've been waiting to see this? i was _captivated_ by the original simulations. _all i wanted_ was a realistic artistic rendering.
Probably a lot more than just NASA went into this. But I do love this kind of information dump about the universe humanity is getting these days. It's a new era of discoveries. :P Anton Petrov on youtube is pretty great with videos about some awesome discoveries and he will show simulations there too (Or link you to them) if available.
it's crazy because its a simulation that is using non-real values for things like magnetism and viscosity and crust strength. A multi-layed, non-homogenous, molten iron core gobstopper is not going to act like that when you throw another at it.
NASA Facts: Secret NASA documents reveal the real shape of the Earth! 1 - LOCKHEED SR-71 BLACKBIRD: Technical Memorandum 104330: Predicted Performance of a Thrust Enhanced SR-71 Aircraft with an External Payload: Page 08: DIGITAL PERFORMANCE SIMULATION DESCRIPTION: The DPS equations of motion use four assumptions that simplify the program while maintaining its fidelity for most maneuvers and applications: point-mass modeling, nonturbulent atmosphere, zero side forces, and a “nonrotating Earth”. 2 - NASA Reference Publication 1207: Derivation and Definition of a Linear Aircraft Model: 08/1988: 2.1 Page 02: SUMMARY: This report documents the derivation and definition of a linear aircraft model for a rigid aircraft of constant mass flying over a “fiat and nonrotating Earth”. 2.2 Page 30: 3 CONCLUDING REMARKS: This report derives and defines a set oflinearized system matrices for a rigid aircraft of constant mass, flying in a stationary atmosphere over a “flat and nonrotating Earth”. 2.3 Page 102: 16. Abstract: This report documents the derivation and definition of a linear aircraft model for a rigid aircraft of constant mass flying over a “flat and nonrotating Earth”. 3 - NASA General Equations of Motion for a Damaged Asymmetric Aircraft: Page 02: Rigid Body Equations of Motion Referenced to an Arbitrary Fixed Point on the Body There are several approaches that can be used to develop the general equations of motion. The one selected here starts with Newton’s laws applied to a collection of particles defining the rigid body (any number of dynamics or physics books can serve as references, e.g. reference 2). In this paper, the rigid body equations of motion over a “flat non-rotating Earth” are developed that are not necessarily referenced to the body’s center of mass. 4 - NASA: A METHOD FOR REDUCING THE SENSITIVITY OF OPTIMAL NONLINEAR SYSTEMS TO PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY: NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. JUNE 1971: Page 12: A NUMERICAL EXAMPLE: Problem Statement: The example problem is a fixed-time problem in which it is required to determine the thrust-attitude program of a single-stage rocket vehicle starting from rest and going to specified terminal conditions of altitude and vertical velocity which will maximize the final horizontal velocity. The idealizing assumptions made are the following: (1) A point-mass vehicle (2) A “flat, nonrotating Earth” 5 - NASA Technical Paper Nº 2835 1988: User’s Manual for Interactive LINEAR, a FORTRAN Program To Derive Linear Aircraft Models. 5.1 Page 01: SUMMARY: The nonlinear equations of motion used are six-degree-of-freedom equations with stationary atmosphere and “flat and nonrotating Earth” assumptions. 5.2 Page 126: 6. Abstract: The nonlinear equations of motion used are six-degree-of-freedom equations sith stationary atmosphere and “flat and nonrotating Earth” assumptions.
I just realized something. I imagine the liquidity of both objects would've helped stabilize the moon's orbit a LOT. If they'd been two completely solid bodies, I imagine the orbit would've decayed pretty rapidly unless it was absolutely perfect from the start, but the fact that they were so plastic and could react to each others' tidal forces so quickly probably helped even things out a LOT at the beginning.
And remember the Moon stabilized at only several thousand miles from Earth, orbit steadily growing to about a quarter million miles away, with much reduced tidal elongation effects on Earth's shape today.
Yeah. Imagine a huge block of ice passing so close to earth that friction will melt ice into vapour in the process. Which in turn would have made so much dust from solid earth that water would got trapped on earth and dust from earth would had cover the ice block named moon. Both bodies had been trapped in 27 day orbits around their common center of gravity, while water on earth would always be aligned in the earth, sun and moon directions creating tides on earth spinning at 24h periods with a slight 23 degrees tilt. Now imagine that inside the big block of ice would rest Crionizace Seeds of Life that were deposited all over the earth, and voila, now you have life on earth! As more such ice blocks eventually arrive... that's how new species kept arriving! Do you guys fancy this story?
But is this theory able to explain how the distance of the moon aligns perfectly so that we have solar and lunar eclipses ? Mathematically what are the chances of this ? or is it in the laws of physics that naturally forms this ?
Simple answer. There is a creator. I’m not saying what the creator does or which religion he’s part of or if there’s even a religion about him, because that’s peoples personal opinion, but there is a creator. 100%. So many tiny things are so perfect in our universe where it’s near impossible to believe there’s no creator.
Yes. The physics of the impact are intense. The Earth currently travels at about 30,000 m/s (about 66,000 mph) and Theia would have a notable difference from that. That difference in velocity from the impact and friction between the two bodies releases a large amount of heat, not unlike the brake pads and rotors in a car. As the bodies approach each other, they'll also accelerate towards each other. And finally, the mantle and outer core of the Earth are currently quite molten and make up the majority of the mass of the Earth, while only the inner core and the outer-most layer, the crust, and can be considered solids. The crust will liquify from the impact and the intense pressure on the inner core will rapidly change, likely liquifying it too. The Earth and Moon would take millions of years for a solid crust to form as the bodies slowly radiate away their heat and the internal structures again become distinct.
This must have been a spectacular event. There was nobody there to observe it then but at least we can recreate it now in computer simulations. Somebody should make a VR game from this where you can fly around, zoom in and out, and rewind time.. That'd be cool.
It's possible I think in theory for a wormhole to be opened here, then traveled through to a point in space where the light from this collision is just reaching there. Then with a powerful enough telescope maybe it could be observed. Wormhole tech is far, far off if even possible - however I wonder if once our telescopes can see star systems good enough if we could find something like this to observe.
No, the earth went through a bombardment period long after this. This is when water was brought to earth by icy comets crashing, for example. Many materials and possibly bacteria or other microscopic life were deposited here.
I think there coolest thing about this is that you can see the gravity of the stream pulling it into two significant balls before one collides with earth again
I wonder how sensitive this simulation is to initial conditions? Like if the collision is slightly faster or slower, or if you change the masses slightly? And does the simulation run "exactly" the same each time, with same the initial conditions, or is there some "chaos" involved?
My gut tells me no. This kind of hit would have knocked our planet out of orbit one way or another, unless the argument is that the stable orbit we've had now for countless eons came from this random hit of just the right mass, momentum, direction and time where it just randomly worked in our favor. Two existing masses drawn together and forming a balanced orbit seems more likely.
This is an extreme example of survivorship bias... It is very unlikely that an object can be knocked out of orbit due to another object hitting it... The gravitational pull of the sun is just too intense, but it is likely that such a collision could have made life completely impossible... But here's the thing, if life was impossible, we wouldn't be alive to say anything... Just like the millions of other planets filled with non-existent people if conditions were juuuust barely different to allow life to form... We're just incredibly lucky that everything came together for us
It looks like someone entered some god factor in the simulation, and computer without understanding created fluid animation. Earth and moon are not created or modified this way.
There is a beauty in watching a simulation of an event that shaped the course of our planet’s history forever and knowing that another event like it could wipe out all life on Earth in a moment
That's assuming it was all a happy mistake in the first place which is nonsensical. It was clearly a highly planned fine tuned event like the rest of the design of our universe just so we can exist. As Freeman Dyson wrote, it's as if the universe knew we were coming. There are literally hundreds of these cosmic highly fined tuned events that happened just so this singular speck of dust in the universe can support life. There is no wasted space, we know the whole universe was needed just so we can exist.
The circularity of the orbits varies over time, under the influence of the other planets. Witness that Venus has the most circular orbit, despite its backward spin hinting at some immense impact in the past!
@@prdoyle Some speculate that it was mercury that hit venus and that is why mercurys iron core is so big for its size. It slid off Venus side tho and only took away part of both outer crusts.
6 місяців тому+1
what is more astonishing is that they placed all the right mathematics into the simulation, like body size, composition, weight etc.. and they let the simulation run
Brawno is made with electrolytes! Computers can't simulate chemical reactions. How are you able to believe a computer can simulate a moons formation? Maybe you should stick to watching water balloons popping in slow mo.
What’s always so mind-bending about planet collision simulations like this one is how fluid the impacts are. It’s more like two water droplets splashing together in space than most people would expect.
The best thing about states of matter is how similar they can act
Solids at very large scale will appear to behave very similar to a liquid.
@@Braindead154 in this case early planets including earth is technically liquid (magma) not solid, even until now it's still mostly liquid
From the planet's point of view, the only states of matter that actually matter (pun intended) are liquid and gas. The scale is too big to see solid structures acting... Well solid
I suppose it’s like a land slide you see coming down a mountain and you see solid rock acting like a liquid
Wow, those fluid dynamics are amazing. Crazy to imagine the real impact.
Guessing its only a matter of time before one is on our little screens.
The shockwave from the impact almost blew the South pole, on the opposite side of the planet, off into space, but not quite.
@@Gabriel_McMillan What if the smaller planet did not crash into the north pole ;)
@@martinfehringer6408 Indeed. Nevertheless, the effects would be mostly independent of where it impacted, at least in terms of the way the shockwave would be transmitted throw a spherical planet-ish body.
However, you do raise a very important point. While the shockwave would transmit through the planet, almost causing a planetary-scale spalling of the opposite side of the larger planet, on the opposite side from the impact, regardless of where the smaller planet hit, the effects would be dramatically different, in terms of how the debris would scatter, and where it would fall, if it had hit squarely on one of the poles, rather than close to the equator, which is more like what it looks like in the model The debris pattern might change in such a way that it could alter the extent of the spaghettification of the smaller planet's core, like what we see in the model. Or, if it were a more direct hit, rather than a somewhat glancing blow, it seems that the smaller planet's core could conceivably have impacted our own core, perhaps contributing to the Thorium and Uranium content of our own core, which may have been why our core did not solidify, and why our magnetic field still protects our atmosphere and our DNA from solar rays, while Mars' solidified probably billions of years ago, causing it to lose its oceans, perhaps? Whether a more direct impact would have resulted in more or less of the heavy metals being near the surface of earth, I do not know. I'd suggest asking a supercomputer that same question, though. If it impacted in-line with the spin of the earth, this could have drastically decreased or increased the rate of spin of the Earth, perhaps indefinitely. If it did hit closer to one of the poles, perhaps this might partly explain the tilt of Earth's pole relative to our orbit around the sun, which is responsible for the seasons, which could also have played a major role in the evolution of life, and perhaps even the emergence and the survival of life.
Whatever the case may be, I believe all of the extremely rare relationships between Earth and our one disproportionately large moon, which is so kind as to change the tides for us every few hours, for the past several billion years and counting, and to have donated a few gigatons of its own flesh to our surface, and thus to our primordial seas, and to our volcanic rocks and thermal vents nearest to the surface... this all adds a great deal of credence to the rare earth hypothesis, in my opinion, and explains why life may be quite rare in the universe. Not to say unique, which is certainly not the same as rare. I'm sure there is a great deal of life in the universe. But I suspect this is the reason why we do not have dozens of alien species on dozens of different alien outposts in our solar system, transmitting their TV stations to Earth as we speak, because, when we look at the galaxy, with Hubble and James Webb, as rare as G type stars and rocky planets in the Goldilocks zone are, it is the nature of our moon, and what it gave to earth, and how it would have accelerated early organic chemistry, and exponentially increased potential chemical combinations that may have given rise to life, which seems almost unique, based on the relatively small subset of exoplanets we've seen so far. While that subset of exoplanets is small, relative to how many are in the galaxy, I believe we do know enough about a hundred or so exoplanets to know that the ratio in size of that of Earth to the Moon, and their orbits apart, are indeed essentially unique, especially if we exclude gas giants and planets orbiting as close to their star as mercury.
This tells us that life may be more precious than we'd imagined.
It also tells us much more about where to look for life. We need to look for a G type star, with liquid water, and a moon like ours, which creates tides, on a planet with some continents and some oceans. If we ever find another such planet, that is where I would focus my search for life, with my interstellar Von Neumann probes, and the like...
That being said, those calculations would all change dramatically if we were to find a true second genesis on Mars or one of the moons of Saturn or Jupiter. I get the impression that we probably did find life on Mars recently, but NASA can't say so yet, until and unless it gets the samples back. However, we have to be extremely careful to determine whether it is a true 2nd genesis, or, as I suspect is far more likely, if life spread from Earth to Mars, back when Mars had liquid water and a magnetic shield, with a much thicker CO2 atmosphere, which would have been very friendly to certain spores, seeds, or bacteria which might have been transmitted from Earth to Mars by an asteroid impact, followed by the solar wind scattering bits in Mars' direction, or if some of the debris happened to fly in that direction. Or, perhaps life came from Mars to Earth originally, but was unable to survive on Mars. It will be impossible to say without the samples, and even then, it may still be impossible. It could be difficult to say even after decades of manned archeological research on Mars. Whatever the case may be, please be very careful with those samples, NASA. I suggest examining them at an orbital laboratory, before bringing them into Earth's atmosphere, just in case, because there are just so many unknowns, since it appears there was indeed life there, based on the recent sample data, the aromatics, and the like. Since the potential worst case scenario for all life on Earth could, conceivably, be absolutely catastrophic, it is best to proceed with the utmost caution, even if the likelihood of there being anything that could germinate out of a sample, at this point, would be very low. The danger, I think, is somewhat less low than some may expect, because if there was life on Mars, and it died out as the oceans evaporated, the magnetic shield failed, and the stellar wind blew the atmosphere away, then the odds are, it had a billion years or so to evolve under those conditions, and it is impossible to say what adaptations life may have come up, in response to such extreme stimuli, given a very large amount of time and opportunity, and a strong will to survive. Perhaps it is resistant to hard radiation. Perhaps it can survive in very low pressure. We just can't really even begin to imagine. Let's examine it in orbit, just because we can, and because it will reduce risk, please. Why wouldn't we? Won't that also reduce the risk of us losing the samples in reentry before anyone can ever get a close look at them? I suspect we could build a very sophisticated, remotely operated, orbital laboratory, for this purpose, over the next few years, if we put our minds to it, long before the sample make it back.
@@josephmastroianni1560 I sure hope so, that would be awesome!
The insane part of this you don't get from the video is that this didn't happen over a period of millions or thousands of years, but just 13 hours. That is absolutely wild when you think about it.
Really? Thats insane. Imagine if you could be there and watch it
That's freaking less than a day!! Little over mid-day, I can't believe it! Thought it's a simulation for a few thousand of years at the very least! ... I can't believe unless I actually watch it with my own eyes lol ... How can that have happened that fast! 😦
Prove it...
Yeah, so wild it sounds fake. 😂
@@zeitlichkeit5094 the universe tends to do that. If it hasn’t left you scratching your head over seemingly simple mechanisms, you don’t understand enough about it
The fact that the collision caused exactly two bodies, one large and one small, to form and then for the larger one to pull the smaller one into a stable orbit before being absorbed back into Earth is the most astonishing aspect of this to me. Humans are naturally curious about and facisnated by what's out there, but I think no matter what we find nothing will ever be as remotely wonderous as planet Earth and its moon. What a series of happy accidents this planet has undergone to become the cosmic anomoly that it is, and I think we take it for granted. Like humans think Earth is normal and there must be extra terrestrial life out there somewhere but even if that's true, the kind of world Earth became is probably the farthest thing from normal in the universe. There is sustained life here and there has been for millions of years and it's all thanks to cosmic events of pure happenstance like this. That's insane.
What I find amazing about collisions of these sizes is the fact they're so massive that the tidal forces alone are enough to liquify entire planets before they've even collided, watching incoming objects being stretched out as they reach their periapsis mesmerizes me every single time.
Have you ever seen actual collision through telescope lol.
Well, Earth was still melting rock so it helped.
@@gdgd5194 nah, for billions of years I floated through the universe watching the universe slowly condense and coalesce, that, or I play way too much Universe Sandbox
@@DderwenWyllt so your the camera man
@@gdgd5194 Nah, but Jupiter has a moon slightly larger than ours that gets heated to the pint of having active vulkanism by being kned and deformed like dough from a lot less gravitational force than a planetary colision would have.
I have never seen a simulation like this one and the fact that this is not unusual in the universe is mind blowing.
The Earth and the Moon collided, but this video is worthy of a Disney animation.
Here are two scenarios in this film which show two collision scenarios between Earth and Moon ua-cam.com/video/CI2P3jzyftI/v-deo.html. The Earth and the Moon are not disintegrated and each body keeps the traces of this collision.
This collision between Moon and Earth is distinguished by the observation :
- huge impact craters (on the Earth - Tibet, and on the Moon - Mare Orientale)
- the earth's crust divided into plates,
- of a particular relief compared to the other planets,
- the desert relief of the Gobi in the Sahara directly linked to the giant impact crater in Tibet, represented by huge landfills of the lunar soil and other desert areas
- volcanoes and mountains far from the edges of the lithospheric plates and those along the edges
- huge ruptures of lithosphere represented by magma flows released in the Pacific, Indian and South Atlantic oceans
- chains of earth crust projections seen at the bottom of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans
- chains of earth crust ejections seen on the ground, like the summits in Africa
- traces of the tsunamis which followed one another following the collision, represented by ripples at the bottom of the ocean at the places where the magma came out along the said "ridges"
- "damaged" lunar relief seen by the South Pole-Aitken basin
- eccentricity of the lunar relief because of its discharges on Earth and which determines a fixed position of the Moon with respect to the Earth, represented by visible face and hidden face
- the periodic inclinations of the rotation axes of the Earth and the Moon
- the plane of the lunar orbit inclined with respect to the plane of the earth's orbit
These are direct consequences due to a mechanical action by the impact between the Earth and the Moon.
The theory of continental drift is wrong and the classification of geological eras is also wrong due to the jostling of the earth's crust during the impact and the mixing with lunar soil, which itself has another age reference. .
Fossils, such as the skeletons of dinosaurs and other animals, coal, oil, gas, are entities that are consequences of this collision.
Actually this collision could be very unusual in the universe. We have no proof that this kind of Planet-Moon formation happens with any degree of regularity. This could be very rare indeed where a collision like this begets a Planet and a single very large Moon. And that could be why life on Earth is what it is and very rare indeed.
@@georgespalding7640 Thank you for your clarification, man. I love astrophysics but I still have a long way ahead to learn and understand what we know so far.
From my astronomy classes I've learned that the size difference between the moon and the earth is actually pretty rare from what we've observed. Most terrestrial planets either don't have moons or have relatively small ones. Ours is quite big but so is the universe so something incredibly rare could be happening every second at some place in the universe.
The early universe would have been a wild place full of instability and collisions.
If I could have one thing answered in whatever afterlife there may or may not be, I would want to be able to witness these events happening. The sheer time scale involved in planet formation, watching a star ignite from pressure alone, seeing inside a black hole. Space is my favorite thing by far
based
Just buy a lava lamp.
Space needs to be the top thing that every government concerns themselves with. One day the Sun will go red giant and engulf the inner planets. By then we need to be a multiplanet or even intergalactic. As far out as that event is it will take us that long to get there. We need to work on sending unmanned missions to potentially habitable exoplanets, building large ships which mimic the conditions of Earth inside so that when or if a habitable explanation is found we can send a colony. The people who leave here will not be the people who make it there. It would take so long that their ancestors would be the ones to land. All of this would take EONS to perfect which is why we should start NOW!
I feel the exact same way. I want to see galaxy clusters move over time. I want to see the inflation of the universe in slo-mo.
I feel ya
Shoutout to cameraman for filming this master piece 🙋
this is old and not funny anymore
@@DoFliesCallUsWalks Still fun
@@gkindustrialmachine1 if you say so...cuz some people may not have seen it before... just personal taste tho, but this one here ain't that funny.
@@DoFliesCallUsWalks You right...not as funny here, but still funny. I've seen it many times before...but yeah your right
He traveled in time and got the perfect shot
Fascinating animation. So some parts of Moonearth are probably still flying through space as asteroids?
yes
Certainly! Perhaps not much from this collision so long ago, but in the same way we find rocks from Mars, for example, that were ejected by impacts and eventually land on Earth.
@@NASAAmes would be cool to find rocks from earth on Mars!
Square rock on phobos. People are claiming aliens.
@UCBel3P-fa613JyL678TIQgw your fiction is a lot more interesting than flat-Earthers', but again, it's still fiction
Gotta say the way the earth just went full liquid and you could see the ripples go back and forth was amazing and terrifying and fascinating. I’m gonna watch this a few times more.
On celestial scales, everything is a fluid
@@trbz_8745 but these where actually fluid at the time as magma before the crust formed
@@trbz_8745 to add on it 8f this where to happen now the earth would also act the same way as its nearly all a liquid it would just have a thin shell that would disappear instantly as it shaters
It's terrifying when you realize that even the biggest tsunami in the past decade is barely visible from this perspective if it even is.
@@hubutnotsotao5362 - it wouldn't be visible at all at this scale
To have a "fly-on-the-wall" view of the actual collision would be equal parts amazing and terrifying.
@@artimus4198 "models are all incorrect, some are useful"
If your model perfectly recreates what it is modeling, it stops being a model and just becomes that thing
And very, very slow.
@@cameron6538 scary thought, but makes so much sense
there weren’t any walls back then.
Or flies, now that I think about it… 🤔
@@adxzkj6046 not scary, thats just how definitions work.
Things this theory proves:
Originally it was thought that the exoplanet (Thea) glanced the Earth, almost destroying it and creating two moons that formed into one moon later on, however this theory proves that the earth was in fact completely destroyed by the impact and during its reformation left a piece (the moon) out of its grasp.
This also proves that the moon formed much farther away than we thought, more like half the distance it is today rather than a tenth the distance. This also means that the earth’s rotation is slowing down less than we originally thought
A theory never proves anything.
@ sorry, I should’ve labelled it as a “new” or “more accurate” theory
What i like about this sim is it shows that had we had a little more energy in that impact we could have wound up with two moons potentially
Then there, "we" would have never exited.
@@ishwarxion4083 perhaps, perhaps not, I'd imagine life would still develop but we might look quite different having grown on a planet with two moons.
@@shumoko No. 100% not.
@bguen1234 funny thing about time, causality, and the butterfly effect, you can never truly know what might happen.
I'm not saying we as humans might still exist, certainlynot as we are now, and while yes the probability of life simply not starting is high, but one thing you must know, and any scientist or scholar will tell you, is that when dealing with "what if" there are no absolutes.
So yes, earth with two moons COULD possibly maybe have had a chance to support life, and MAYBE that life might have reached our level of development. In which case that would have been a beautiful night sky,
But we may never know.
Maybe next time.
This is DPM simulation where each particle holds all reality parameters such as gravity, pressure, velocity, etc. All these parameters are established via solving NS, GR equations. Each equation is solved iterative process. As a result, massive computing power and time is required. That's why supercomputer is used, and still this can take 1 to 3 years to get this type of result.
Really? That's absolutely ridiculous levels of computing. I didn't realise such accurate but most importantly comprehensive models and equations could be formed and, no wonder it takes so long.
They dont use general relativity lol, its special relativity. You dont need GR for this, its pointless. And in any case, every particle doesnt model gravity or energy directly, that would take like 5 trillion years to compute. Ever heard of N-body problem? Look at how many particles there is, you cant even see them individually.
"Direct methods using numerical integration require on the order of 1/2n^2 computations to evaluate the potential energy over all pairs of particles, and thus have a time complexity of O(n^2)" In other words, the time required to compute gets squared with every new particle using direct methods. Its not happening EVER with this many particles.
So obviously gravity (and other stuff) here is approximated for every particle, using fast fourier transform.
What is GR? What software is being used?
@@rykehuss3435
.
@@rykehuss3435
"I like your funny words magic man":)
What's really crazy and wild, is when you try to imagine just how horrific and violent the scenario actually would have looked to the human eye.
It would be instant death before the planets even collided because the gravity stretching the planets would cause insanely large earthquakes
It's all relative to size. Imagine a large rain drop hits the pavement right next to an ant. To us it wasn't even noticeable, but to the ant it's far different.
yea but imagine you're in high orbit and you're lucky enough to have all the chunks of the planet miss your space station, altough I'm not sure how the gravity changing it's force and direction so fast would affect acceleration@@musclechicken9036
@@JonMidori - He might have been ready to die of thirst. May have saved the critter's life!
It's truly cataclysmic. The concept of earth as a sphere with terrain on top of it would cease to be meaningful. The entire outer layer of our planet would be completely scrambled.
I'm really, REALLY glad this happened before life could get going. Also really glad the odds of it happening today are vanishingly small compared to the early days of the solar system.
The big unnamed body is like “go on without me, little one.”
The fluid feeling seems so off, but the forces at play must be so insanely strong even the toughest matters must look liquified during such an event! Incredible work. It just forces humility on us wee humans
The impact would've melted the entire planet
Gas is a fluid, the impact of the the planet on earth would’ve been so hot that it’d have vaporised a lot of matter and liquified a lot of the rest, which is why it looks so fluid.
@@Clarkey7163 gas is not a liquid. liquids and gases, however, are both fluids.
@@parkersmule yea thats what i meant lol, edited
Everything behaves like a fluid at scales like that, doesn’t it?
If I could I would run simulations like these all day, tweaking minor things to see new results, adding new factors, other planets, bodies etc. the capability of this simulation software is endless; regardless of whether it happened or exists you can simulate it. You should run one of Phobos colliding with Mars, given it’s current orbital decay. Would be nice to have a glimpse of the future, especially since it could release debris toward earth.
Look for Space Engine or Universe Sandbox, one of these may be what you're looking for.
Mars moons are super tiny captured asteroids, and they wouldn't strike Mars with anything the velocity of the dinosaur killer meteor.
you can do it, learn "blender 3D"
Cool story but doesn't decrease the balls temperature sorry let's go Brandon!!
What’s for ? When mars collide with phobos , no humany anymore in the solar system
What's even more crazy is that a single tiny change in that would have changed completly the world as we know it today.
The OG butterfly 🦋 effect
No traces of moon debris, but gravity formed it into a perfect sphere? This is actually polytheism. If you dig up a clay jar that belonged to an ancient civilization, would you say: look how the earth's gravity formed this mud into a jar? These are polytheists who took atoms and gravity as their creators.
Except for consciousness has existed eternally, the universe comes from us, not the other way around.
@@808_maxxy5are you sure?
@@corporatecapitalism yeah u can’t have infinite free will to create thought without infinity actually existing(infinite consciousness). Ur mind is limited by ur brain which is why physical reality requires u to labor to bring your thoughts into reality
I have some questions, why the collision only forms one moon instead of multiple ones?
Just kinda happened that way... If it hit in a slightly different way, then we would have had two moons the same way many other planets can have them...
But we're not in that universe, so we ended up with the one
If you watched the video, you would've saw that it almost formed 2
This simulation uses smooth particle hydrodynamics; a method where you use particles of a discrete size, temp, mass, etc. You can use it to model a continuous fluid like the earth with far more accuracy than a direct field based simulation would allow.
This uses 100 million particles in total i believe. They showed increasing the resolution (number of particles, so using more particles with lower masses) showed different results, significantly so. We probably need a few billion to model accurately an impact like this, where more particles won’t change much
bro just ask everyone on the planet to share their computer and we get the simulation in about a 1/10th of a second smh
@@Edvit40 Have you been making calculations for a long time?
@@oqui7009 abasolutly!! i dont want an argument to start so just saying it now that im not stupid its just a joke
@@Edvit40 Jokes are illegal buddy,.
@@Monitice wth bro
For those interested in more details about this effort: This research is a collaborative effort between Ames and Durham University, supported by the Institute for Computational Cosmology's Planetary Giant Impact Research group. The simulations used were run using the open-source SWIFT, (SPH with Inter-Dependent Fine-grained Tasking) code, carried out on the DiRAC (Distributed Research Utilizing Advanced Computing) Memory Intensive service ("COSMA"), hosted by Durham University on behalf of the DiRAC High-Performance Computing facility.
It is pretty cool that the computer simulations are finally able to simulate the theories I learned about in that astronomy class a decade ago
And that I learned about in Sunday school
@@katherinefunk2889 🤣😂🤣 no you didn’t.
@@kennybachman35 No, YOU didn't.
@@shittyopinions you’re right, i only learned about rape, incest, pedophilia, and genocide in Sunday school. 🤣
@@kennybachman35 Forgive your father. Mommy is a liar and turned you out.
Excellent CGI as we've come to expect form NASA over the decades.. wow!
They could do better with their other animations.
I’m mostly fascinated with the distortion due to the gravitational pull. It’s a beautiful site of science and physics.
Every beautiful sight is one of science and physics.
Would it distort like that? Seems weird.
@@dae2530 It's a computer simulation. One of objective data, and subjective beauty.
It's both art and science. Just as is every beautiful sight.
@@dae2530 Good of you to admit it.
We all learn new things, no shame.
@@dae2530It is science.
Give each body its own colour, and you would be able to get an idea of how material from each of the two original bodies distribute in the two final bodies.
that's actually a brilliant idea.
so freaking cool!
The fact that you have 1.2 mil subscribers scares me.
i agree with Jesus
hey man imagine your dad did this!! :))
thank you Jesus, very cool!!!
Why is it cool for you? You did it yourself 🤷🏻
It would be great to see this video with a timeline of this event
1:32 wholesome moment
Space is FAKE and CGI.
SO F TRUE!!!!
How is it wholesome
@@Player-ux4keit’s not, low IQ people like to say that word
Earth was like, "Nah Theia, ima need some of that back."
Imagine if we had 2 moons and one of them was habitable? That would be sick
😂😂😭
@@expungeddata imagine if we had 7 moons and 4 of them were habitable
@@expungeddata We could use it as a penal colony, like Australia but in space.
May i present you husband and wife you may kiss the bride
The kiss:
What would it be like to float high over the Earth as a river of lava more massive than continent falls to earth from the sky? What a sight that would have been! A pillar of fire stretching halfway to infinity flowing like water overhead, and wear it lands wave after wave of lava Miles and Miles high spreading over the face of that mass of land beneath. I wish they could make a simulation that showed that perspective. I'm sure it would prove that the formation of the moon was awesome
The whole earth was probably covered in magma at the time, so there wouldn’t be too much of a difference other than a significantly deeper band with some crest lining it’s sides.
It would have been kind of boring because of how slow it would appear if you were far enough away to see the whole thing.
Well the video mentioned that in this sim the moon only took a few hours to form, so considering that time frame while watching it I'd think it'd be moving plenty fast enough to watch it come down. Also i believe he was imagining it as a sim and watching it from within the orbit of moon to earth somewhere. Sounds fun. 😁
Melting lava in the sider space -270 ? 😂😂😂😂😂 u think in terms of human vision
The only hot emanations might come from the sun that simulation is idiotic
It would be quite toasty
How would the earth keep its gravitational pull after being torn in half? How would it just pull all the chunks back they would be flying at an insane speed through space? Why would the moon be the only part that doesnt get sucked back? How didnt the earth itself get thrown off its rotation and sent flying off into space?
How did jupiter end up with 95 moons or saturn with 146? Does this suggest this kind of event happened to those planets that many times?
Movies when planets collide or explode: GIANT ROCK
Reality: LAVA SPLASH
At the time the moon was created, the Earth had not yet formed a crust. That's why the surface of the Earth in the video looks like a viscous water droplet.
@@Roo-vy2cI The Earth's crust is only a few miles thick brother. Its like an apple but with a liquid interior. The gravity of the Moon would make it deform until it breaks apart and its like the crust was never there to begin with. The crust being fully formed or not doesn't change sh*t.
@@Roo-vy2cI Even today it's mostly liquid - the earth is more like a water balloon than a rock!
everything is related to scale. The Earth in small scale acts like jelly or even liquid. And scale affect to time too.
@@Zaqariyah This whole simulation is sped up several hundred times (at least) to keep it short.
It's actually absurd to think about how cataclysmic this event would be to witness. Before impact it's already deformed, and the intense amount if energy makes the solid bodies look like a liquid, really cool.
Edit I just realized they're orange because the material is so heated and after the beginning of solar system that they're essentially just balls of lava
The early solar system was such a crazy and active period. There were probably several more inner orbital bodies that formed that either collided to make the bodies we have now or got eaten by the sun or Jupiter.
Wait no they’re just orange because they’re coloured that way. Thea should really be a cool solid ball and likely the earth should be too… 🤔
@@vice.nor.virtue the leading theory is that this collision happened very early on in Earths formation, so it seems like this depicts fairly accurate conditions for two newly formed bodies. Also even now the Earth is not a solid collection mass, let alone some billions of years ago.
Well, Earth is still basically a body of liquid with a surprisingly thin crust (relatively speaking it's thinner than skin on an apple)
Elegant visualization. Well done. Felt like I was in a sci-fi movie for a moment, where time travel was possible in order to view such events.
Really it's only a visualization nothing else, these peoples are do mind programming for the normies. So that they lost their faith upon the God and do believe in this pseudoscience 😭😭😭
It is science fiction, it's not true.
Man this makes so much sense. So glad that this "supercomputer" simulation clears up how the moon was formed.
😂
Well, it's just a propsed theory. Let's see what the next one will be in 2 years
It doesn't though. It's a probable theory and we have know idea if it actually happened
@@davidt51 the other version could be the Moon was captured by the Earth... it's also likely to happen.
@@MrWinotuWell its pretty well supported by the massive fvcking subterranean mass that physically influences gravity on one side of the planet
You guys need to publish the real-time version. It will be watched.
Just slow it down to a frame a minute.
@@mzmadmike A frame every 10 minutes*
And put some lo fi beats over it!
The idea that such a huge chunk of matter was blasted away from the Earth, then mostly reformed with the main planet, is pretty mind-blowing to consider.
@🍄Personal Shaman🍄 Yeah for real. This seems like nonsense.
@🍄Personal Shaman🍄 And what would be the point? Really, why would anyone do that? And how would you decive the whole scientific comunity of millions of people who spend their lives suding that stuff? And there is also only one way for such a moon like ours to form, and that an enourmous impact. Because it´s too massive to be captured and during formation the material would just fall into earth too.
@🍄The Shaman from within 🍄 Publication of method is how science verifies results. Other scientists will now run their own simulation on their own computers to either verify or refute the published results.
@Shaman196 This is the most likely theory as of the moment. Doesn't mean its what happened, but its the best guess.
General relativity, quantum mechanics are all just guesses based on what we observe. They all were tested and worked, so we think they are true. Similar here.
@🍄The Shaman from within 🍄 actually it's most likely to be so. It kinda blow me out of my mind, because we still don't know for sure where is the moon comes from. I used to know that it was formed like the rest of the planet in our solar system, turned out it was wrong, and even with the advanced simulation presented in here, the theory of moon origin will be just giving another head ache question needs to be answered to the point that the most non logical theory is left, which is the moon is brought here, and judging by it, kinda makes no sense and make sense at the same time. The theory will answer so many unanswered questions such as why the moon orbit is as it is, why the surface of the moon is harder on the outside, etc. Yet the theory also give a big question to be answered, who brought it...i trully loves science and be grateful admiring the beauty of the moon with its mystery.
Its amazing to know that all these atoms we are made of, have experienced this possible events
Or so the science boys say, ya know the same science boys that get billions of dollars a year in funding for literally baseless claims and zero advancement.
Meanwhile Elon builds his own "NASA" and has done more for science in 10 years then NASA has done in 80 years. But nah believe NASA they KNOW how it all works right?
We're all star dust.
not at all
If the event happened that is
The water you drank today, some atoms of it might have passed from the first human
But can this supercomputer run Crysis?
Almost at 7fps in 24p!
I would like to see the whole uninterrupted simulation with the time indicated so we know over how long it is. Very interesting!
I agree, considering the Earth's rotation over itself the impression is that everything happened in a few days span.
Well that’s the problem you won’t because it has never been achieved by a computer program, it always fails. They re-ran the simulation thousands of time obviously tweaking the simulation each time and it has never successfully formed a moon.
@@williamrose7184 How does one know this?
maybe they were able to get this simulation to form a moon at the time this simulation was made. But from all the information I have gathered prior to this simulation they have never successfully formed the moon from the colliding of two bodies. It always falls apart and the earth recaptures the initial debris.
@@williamrose7184 Citation needed.
Years ago I asked my dad the question "How is there a Moon?" Ever since i loved Theia/Earth collisions and the theory. This simulation is really cool and things like this are the reasons I love space! I'm also happy that this isn't something old but new to me, as this video published 4 days ago, quite recent!
Space science is certainly interesting my friend! We are all here to enjoy it!
@LUCI this is just how bible have scientific error bro, for example, God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, today we know day and night day is one light by sun not TWO GREAT LIGHT
@LUCI this is almost certainly an adolescent/minor. you can't just go around trying to indoctrinate other peoples children with your ancient 'sKy DaDdY lOvEs Me' psy-op. keep ur 'great, all-loving' homo-hating cloud crusader to yourself, your family, and those you already know are down with mr. 'my way or the highway' yahwey. don't blindly polute the digital space with this 🗑
Are you like 9 years old lmao
@LUCI Why do you believe the human who wrote that, more than the human who tells you about science? Aren't they both human?
How kind of the Bigger moon sending the smaller one into a stable orbit. We appreciate your sacrifice, Luna Maximus
Also know for either African or Pacific LLSVP
If I had a NASA super computer I would use it to play Crysis at max settings
fair enough, but you may have to modify the whole house to support a cooling system so that the supercomputer won't make your house light on fire.
You can see at 0:35 how the foreign body enlongates as it approaches the proto earth, before impact, what a show must've been to witness
As it gets closer and reaches earth’s roche limit gravity became so immense that it actually elongated the body. If proto earth was massive enough the body would instead break apart before even landing on earth and it would create a ring around the planet depending on its direction.
The tidal forces would have been pretty crazy
@@347Jimmy there were oceans of Molten rock, a very dantesque panorama
The fact that the moon may have formed in less time than it takes for me to finish a day is mind blowing.
I personally finish my day in just six hours, but I appreciate your point of view 👍
@@mrcool7140 speedrun
@@Blarnix not speed run, he's a doormouse and sleeps 18 hours.
@@dougaltolan3017 chad
Pro tip: the moon formation can be finished under a hour if you wait faster
I would watch this simulation play in real time, this stuff is always fascinating to me. Also very satisifying just watching the bodies flow and morph.
nah girls are better to watch
It'd be better if the Earth wasn't as flat as a pancake. #moonlandingneverhappened #CIA #thetruthisoutthere
And you believe it?
@@Redditor6079 Yeah Earth is indeed flat. I used to believe that there is the solar system but there was waters before God said, "Let there be light"
So...no big bang or the solar system.
@@Redditor6079 I'm starting to believe people who identify as an attack helicopter are not joking
Props to the guy who went back in time to film this
Could you please add to the description some very basic computational stats like how many TFLOPS over X days it took to create this simulation? What type of supercomputer was used, etc. Very fascinating stuff but it would be awesome to understand a bit more about the computational costs for creating this amazing simulation.
Thanks so much! Incredible work by your team.
How about a series x? Would that suffice
I'm able to watch it on my cell phone. Just look up the specs for Samsung phon.
SX runs Starfield at 30fps that should be enough info@@mindrover777
@@mindrover777 of course not!
they used a chrome book
Could you do the same simulation with different colors for Thea and Protoearth? I'm curious to know how they mix in the end.
Crazy how if things played out a little differently there could’ve been 2 similarly sized earths
Although I'm sure you know that life likely wouldn't have been able to exist without the moon
@@BestKCL cracked the origin of life I see. Please enlighten us.
@@tucker8071 The moon provides stability to earth's rotation, which otherwise could have been far less stable than it is now. The moon also helps regulate the tides.
@@tucker8071 dude the tides would literally push hundreds of miles inland on a regular basis without it.
@@BestKCL got it. Thanks for the info. Learn something everyday.
This is exactly what my mom told me she thought happened when the Big Bang happened like 30 years ago. The Big Bang’s explosion released magma that was projectiled all over the universe. It went at such high speeds, and this caused the magma to spin which created planets, stars, etc.
Really cool how the proto moon begins to warp towards the proto earth even before impact.
Tides will do a number on planets like Theia when they're that close.
Sometimes it's hard to wrap your mind around that, but when you're dealing with massive objects like a planet and the speeds they're travelling at the moment they collide all sense of what you know and have seen seems redundant.
To see how a planetary body immediately converts that kinetic energy upon impact making the bodies look like jello, is amazing.
@Vladimir poopin i'm not too sure if molten really was the exact consistency of the planetary materials. Solid particles loose from each other, moving en masse will do so like fluid.
It Protolistic!
falls
Amazing! A time frame of reference would make this experience even better.
That would be really interesting!
Agreed.
Video description states: "the Moon may have formed in a matter of hours"
Yep. No reason for this not to have a time key added.
@@hatpeach1 so you cant take it as a few hours, then visualise that compressed into a 2 minute graphic?
It is so amazing to see how magical all this was and how we're here now to be part of it.
It's amazing to think that if the other huge chunk didn't form where it did, at the right mass, with the right momentum, the main bit that became the moon might've just gotten flung away, or pulled back into Earth with it. Gravity would be a bit stronger, but we also wouldn't have the moon's orbit acting like a counterweight to stabilize the Earth's axial wobble. Not only no tides, but true North wouldn't stay pointed at Polaris most of the time, no climate bands or stable coriolis winds, the day and night period would be vastly different... If things even developed anywhere remotely close to the last few hundred million years... There'd still be megastorms everywhere, any life would have to be lucky to have found a safe spot for long enough to survive and thrive out of water, and would either grow to take the weather as it happened, or would never stop migrating and have to rely on sensing weather patterns and basically getting lucky again if it didn't lead them to a place that wouldn't have their favorable range of climate conditions for very long. Forget a seasonal pattern, anywhere, at least in single years. Nothing would have developed anywhere close to what it is now without that thing just happening to get tugged gently into almost the absolute perfect place. It's kinda sad that it's actually slowly getting further away... But I suppose we're also lucky that it's only something like 1 inch every 10-12 years. 😅
Y’all know this is a theory, yeah? They don’t know for sure, or even at all, that this is actually how the moon was formed. It’s a good theory, but let’s not pretend like we know this is how things went down. It’s a cool simulation, and great visuals, and very fascinating to consider the possibilities, but all still just theoretical.
@@ScottGrow117 ...Y'all know how theories work in science and what the difference is from what the word "theory" means elsewhere, yeah?
how magical yet most of people don't believe in a Creator
Perhaps is was on purpose
LLVPs, Large Low-Velocity Provinces, are essentially giant chunks of Theia that just sit inside our planet. Like rocks in a sock. Insane
At 0:36 before they collide you can see the gravity between them slightly warping the sphere shape especially the smaller object.
Thought it was faulty, but that makes more sense. Nice.
That’s so cool to think the larger one was like “Go! Save yourself!!” And propels it away
moon: NOOOOOOOOOO anyways
*1 billion years later*
Moon: So, i hear you've got this 'water' thing. Mind if I just...? *tug*
Even better at 0.25X speed
you are correct sir
was this made with houdini??
It's mind blowing to know the atoms in your body today were present during this cataclysm
All of the hydrogen atoms in the water molecules in your body were created in the first 20 minutes after the Big Bang, 13.768bn years ago...
Maybe a very small amount, given how early this is. Certainly not any of the water
@@blueberry1c2 considering there is water literred all over the solar system in placed we thought impossible, it is very widely known and accepted that there are many unknown methods of creating water at the atomic and quantum levels. It possible that the intense forces of this movement created some, but obviously we still lack powerful enough supercomputers to know that. People need to remember all the facets of the scentific method, and stop relying so heavily on small scale lab created analogs and experiments. In the same way the LHC and bigger colliders need to be built to replicate extreme conditions, we would need to replicate and study the proportional extremes of a collision by planet sized bodies to actually "know" anything.
@@kampybballer21 maybe the original poster meant just in the solar system in general and not in this pair of bodies. All of that is molten rock and there's no way water could stay on the earth at that point in time.
@@blueberry1c2 not in liquid form of course, but there are many exotic states of matter. At the atomic scale we are just talking about oxygen and two hydrogen atom, its highly likely it was present then in an exotic yet to be fully explained state of matter. You gotta put QM and GR together equally when talking about stuff on this scale, its a pattern of thinking that MUST not be ignored any longer.
This is fascinating, I've never imagined that gravity would make the overall picture look fluid. It makes sense!
Cant ruin ur 69 likes
@@redlightrunner930 it does if you understand gravity and the displacement of matter in a vacuum.
@@redlightrunner930 lol
@@Philippine_Navyist16 it was ruined for a lil bit, but its 169 now.
@@thepoorliestdrawn yay
That was awesome. The way the patterns expand as gravity acts on all the particles is truly spectacular
Yes and that aspect, with such high detail in particles and their behaviour, that is how you can see that this is an actual supercomputer produced simulation.
There are a lot of planetary impact simulations on YT, but this is the most perfect and natural one I have seen until now. For this detail level you need extreme computation power.
The entire impact now looks far more like one large swirling wave than just a bang. It's also a lot more similar in shape to colliding galaxy situations for example.
It's a cartoon. You realize that right?
@@stuart6478 this is such a braindead comment. You should feel bad about yourself
@@stuart6478 Its a simulation, data driven? Not exactly a cartoon
@@stuart6478Get off the internet. Or don’t comment.
When I was like 13 I proposed this idea to my science teacher and she told me almost everyone believed this is where the moon came from
The 2 iron cores merged inside Earth.
That's is what ultimately makes Earth uniquely suited for enduring life.
That big ole moon helps a lot too, for two good reasons I know of.
@@DavidOfWhitehills
Yep; that one collision did all that!!
@@michaelpcoffee yeah. I wonder if that needs to happen in order for life to start.
@@Hooyahfish
Not really to start; but the magnetic field is what allowed it to last.
That was done by the molten core.
The Mars we see was very much caused by its core solidifying.
@@michaelpcoffee yeah. I just always wonder what variables actually matter for life.
I don’t even know if a magnetosphere is necessary if the planet has caves or a thick ice crust.
A moon could be protected by its planet’s magnetosphere.
oh my god - do you know how long i've been waiting to see this?
i was _captivated_ by the original simulations. _all i wanted_ was a realistic artistic rendering.
NASA, please, do more of these! So exciting to watch, it's really beautiful!
Probably a lot more than just NASA went into this. But I do love this kind of information dump about the universe humanity is getting these days. It's a new era of discoveries. :P Anton Petrov on youtube is pretty great with videos about some awesome discoveries and he will show simulations there too (Or link you to them) if available.
It's beautiful but is not true.
@@MrDragou How so?
@@Dr.KarlowTheOctoling he is convinced that Earth and the Moon crashed like 70 mya and formed the Tibet or something equally preposteroua
@@Juan_Jose_Miraballes Yeah I’ve seen his other comments, it’s ridiculous.
Can you even imagine how violent this must have been? I can’t
Crazy how at these masses and levels of energy, solid matter appears to act as a liquid from such a distance
Also, earth is mostly liquid or at least squishy aside frome the thin shell of crust.
Yeah I mean they are drops of lava spinning in the void
it's crazy because its a simulation that is using non-real values for things like magnetism and viscosity and crust strength. A multi-layed, non-homogenous, molten iron core gobstopper is not going to act like that when you throw another at it.
Did you really just believe in this without questioning it?
@@jasonsharma5888 My thoughts exactly.
Very interesting to see the gravitational forces of attraction at work, pulling the earth and moon towards each other in the seconds before impact
NASA Facts: Secret NASA documents reveal the real shape of the Earth!
1 - LOCKHEED SR-71 BLACKBIRD: Technical Memorandum 104330: Predicted Performance of a Thrust Enhanced SR-71 Aircraft with an External Payload:
Page 08: DIGITAL PERFORMANCE SIMULATION DESCRIPTION: The DPS equations of motion use four assumptions that simplify the program while maintaining its fidelity for most maneuvers and applications: point-mass modeling, nonturbulent atmosphere, zero side forces, and a “nonrotating Earth”.
2 - NASA Reference Publication 1207: Derivation and Definition of a Linear Aircraft Model: 08/1988:
2.1 Page 02: SUMMARY: This report documents the derivation and definition of a linear aircraft model for a rigid aircraft of constant mass flying over a “fiat and nonrotating Earth”.
2.2 Page 30: 3 CONCLUDING REMARKS: This report derives and defines a set oflinearized system matrices for a rigid aircraft of constant mass, flying in a stationary atmosphere over a “flat and nonrotating Earth”.
2.3 Page 102: 16. Abstract: This report documents the derivation and definition of a linear aircraft model for a rigid aircraft of constant mass flying over a “flat and nonrotating Earth”.
3 - NASA General Equations of Motion for a Damaged Asymmetric Aircraft:
Page 02: Rigid Body Equations of Motion Referenced to an Arbitrary Fixed Point on the Body There are several approaches that can be used to develop the general equations of motion. The one selected here starts with Newton’s laws applied to a collection of particles defining the rigid body (any number of dynamics or physics books can serve as references, e.g. reference 2). In this paper, the rigid body equations of motion over a “flat non-rotating Earth” are developed that are not necessarily referenced to the body’s center of mass.
4 - NASA: A METHOD FOR REDUCING THE SENSITIVITY OF OPTIMAL NONLINEAR SYSTEMS TO PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY: NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. JUNE 1971:
Page 12: A NUMERICAL EXAMPLE: Problem Statement: The example problem is a fixed-time problem in which it is required to determine the thrust-attitude program of a single-stage rocket vehicle starting from rest and going to specified terminal conditions of altitude and vertical velocity which will maximize the final horizontal velocity. The idealizing assumptions made are the following:
(1) A point-mass vehicle
(2) A “flat, nonrotating Earth”
5 - NASA Technical Paper Nº 2835 1988: User’s Manual for Interactive LINEAR, a FORTRAN Program To Derive Linear Aircraft Models.
5.1 Page 01: SUMMARY: The nonlinear equations of motion used are six-degree-of-freedom equations with stationary atmosphere and “flat and nonrotating Earth” assumptions.
5.2 Page 126: 6. Abstract: The nonlinear equations of motion used are six-degree-of-freedom equations sith stationary atmosphere and “flat and nonrotating Earth” assumptions.
It's the proto-earth and a mars-size interloper that collide.
But you're right that the attraction and distortion is amazing
I just realized something. I imagine the liquidity of both objects would've helped stabilize the moon's orbit a LOT. If they'd been two completely solid bodies, I imagine the orbit would've decayed pretty rapidly unless it was absolutely perfect from the start, but the fact that they were so plastic and could react to each others' tidal forces so quickly probably helped even things out a LOT at the beginning.
And remember the Moon stabilized at only several thousand miles from Earth, orbit steadily growing to about a quarter million miles away, with much reduced tidal elongation effects on Earth's shape today.
The energy involved would turn everything into a liquid.
Yeah. Imagine a huge block of ice passing so close to earth that friction will melt ice into vapour in the process. Which in turn would have made so much dust from solid earth that water would got trapped on earth and dust from earth would had cover the ice block named moon.
Both bodies had been trapped in 27 day orbits around their common center of gravity, while water on earth would always be aligned in the earth, sun and moon directions creating tides on earth spinning at 24h periods with a slight 23 degrees tilt.
Now imagine that inside the big block of ice would rest Crionizace Seeds of Life that were deposited all over the earth, and voila, now you have life on earth! As more such ice blocks eventually arrive... that's how new species kept arriving! Do you guys fancy this story?
We’re mostly still liquid 💦
@@mozkitolife5437 Yes although in our case it doesn't have to be maintained by constant meteor impacts.
But is this theory able to explain how the distance of the moon aligns perfectly so that we have solar and lunar eclipses ? Mathematically what are the chances of this ? or is it in the laws of physics that naturally forms this ?
Simple answer. There is a creator. I’m not saying what the creator does or which religion he’s part of or if there’s even a religion about him, because that’s peoples personal opinion, but there is a creator. 100%. So many tiny things are so perfect in our universe where it’s near impossible to believe there’s no creator.
@@GAND-OZZ any evidence for that other than a book?
Whoa, this is mindblowing! This is easily one of the most incredible things I’ve ever seen. Spectacular.
Are they supposed to be highly molten bodies in this demonstration? The physics shown seem highly fluidic, particularly right after impact.
Yes. The physics of the impact are intense. The Earth currently travels at about 30,000 m/s (about 66,000 mph) and Theia would have a notable difference from that. That difference in velocity from the impact and friction between the two bodies releases a large amount of heat, not unlike the brake pads and rotors in a car. As the bodies approach each other, they'll also accelerate towards each other. And finally, the mantle and outer core of the Earth are currently quite molten and make up the majority of the mass of the Earth, while only the inner core and the outer-most layer, the crust, and can be considered solids. The crust will liquify from the impact and the intense pressure on the inner core will rapidly change, likely liquifying it too. The Earth and Moon would take millions of years for a solid crust to form as the bodies slowly radiate away their heat and the internal structures again become distinct.
With enough force, everything behaves like a liquid.
Except for the relatively thin crust, Earth is still “highly molten” today.
at this point the earth and proto moon would have been molten completely
I highly recommend playing this at .5 playback speed. Enjoy.
If "anything goes" time travel is ever invented, this event will become a major tourist attraction!
This must have been a spectacular event. There was nobody there to observe it then but at least we can recreate it now in computer simulations. Somebody should make a VR game from this where you can fly around, zoom in and out, and rewind time.. That'd be cool.
When’s your next jab due
@@devlinhartman1223 had 4, looking forward to my boosters this winter 👍
Take an extra for me mate@@lammy2140
Universe Sandbox 1 and 2 already do this, though to a much lesser extent.
I was there.
If they ever invent a time machine I’m going back to see this in person from a safe distance. Must’ve been amazing
Can I come too? I love to watch as well. 👍
It's possible I think in theory for a wormhole to be opened here, then traveled through to a point in space where the light from this collision is just reaching there. Then with a powerful enough telescope maybe it could be observed. Wormhole tech is far, far off if even possible - however I wonder if once our telescopes can see star systems good enough if we could find something like this to observe.
It was man believe me
You go back that far and you would butterfly effect the hell out of us
@@Greg-yu4ij how
its just amazing that whatever material we are made out of and what ever materials we are using now was present in that blob
more amazing is that every atom began in a star (except Hydrogen)
No, the earth went through a bombardment period long after this. This is when water was brought to earth by icy comets crashing, for example. Many materials and possibly bacteria or other microscopic life were deposited here.
Not entirely true. Most of the water on earth was brought here later by comets and meteors.
Two planet size objects hitting eachother behaving like fluid actually makes alot more sense
props to the camera man for getting this shot
W cameraman.
Space is FAKE and CGI.
You missed the word simulation I guess
I can’t stop watching this simulation. I’ve always tried to imagine the “great impact.” Organized chaos never looked so beautiful!
chaos doesn't exist, anon.
It looks so cute in the 3d modeling but in reality it would have been a horrifically violent event.
Films: Earth explodes & shatters into countless pieces
Supercomputer: Nah they be droplets
Yep, thought so. Based on this, my suburban house made of 2x4s and drywall are not going to protect me from the next collision. 😂😂😂
Yes
I think there coolest thing about this is that you can see the gravity of the stream pulling it into two significant balls before one collides with earth again
I wonder how sensitive this simulation is to initial conditions?
Like if the collision is slightly faster or slower, or if you change the masses slightly?
And does the simulation run "exactly" the same each time, with same the initial conditions, or is there some "chaos" involved?
I imagine some choas because of floating point errors. You'd probably need to be infintily precise to get the same result every time.
@@iCore7Gaming in other words it's pure speculation
@@ReiseLukas what is?
@@iCore7Gaming the simulation, whether the moon actually came from earth. It's all speculation
@@ReiseLukas well no there are many facts that support the hypothesis. It's not just speculation. Speculation would be the multiverse.
My gut tells me no. This kind of hit would have knocked our planet out of orbit one way or another, unless the argument is that the stable orbit we've had now for countless eons came from this random hit of just the right mass, momentum, direction and time where it just randomly worked in our favor. Two existing masses drawn together and forming a balanced orbit seems more likely.
This is an extreme example of survivorship bias...
It is very unlikely that an object can be knocked out of orbit due to another object hitting it... The gravitational pull of the sun is just too intense, but it is likely that such a collision could have made life completely impossible...
But here's the thing, if life was impossible, we wouldn't be alive to say anything... Just like the millions of other planets filled with non-existent people if conditions were juuuust barely different to allow life to form...
We're just incredibly lucky that everything came together for us
I would love to configure those super servers one day. Incredible simulation, incredible work!
It looks like someone entered some god factor in the simulation, and computer without understanding created fluid animation. Earth and moon are not created or modified this way.
There is a beauty in watching a simulation of an event that shaped the course of our planet’s history forever and knowing that another event like it could wipe out all life on Earth in a moment
That's assuming it was all a happy mistake in the first place which is nonsensical. It was clearly a highly planned fine tuned event like the rest of the design of our universe just so we can exist. As Freeman Dyson wrote, it's as if the universe knew we were coming. There are literally hundreds of these cosmic highly fined tuned events that happened just so this singular speck of dust in the universe can support life. There is no wasted space, we know the whole universe was needed just so we can exist.
Just an ai simulated guess no proof here of anything
@@BryanM86theres no ai in this just simulated
It wasn't such a big deal. We obviously recovered from it.
It also looks like from that simulation the impact gives a hell of a lot of rotational energy to the earth inside which is cool
then how come they are so different one from another?
A grazing collision, only some of the debris was sucked into the earth
Knowing that I could have binge-watched the spectacular event of moon formation is just one of the coolest thought ever.
i mean you'd probably be melted into paste when the two planets collide
Play the video at x1.5 speed until 0:07. "Stranger things" tune intro
It's impressive that the Earth still has a near-circular orbit after a collision like that.
The circularity of the orbits varies over time, under the influence of the other planets. Witness that Venus has the most circular orbit, despite its backward spin hinting at some immense impact in the past!
@@prdoyle
That's true, it could be similar to the impact that the shepherd moons have on the rings of Saturn.
I think that if Thea hit Earth from behind in Earths orbital path, Earths present elliptical orbit was likely.
Not to mention the near circular orbit of he moon.
@@prdoyle Some speculate that it was mercury that hit venus and that is why mercurys iron core is so big for its size. It slid off Venus side tho and only took away part of both outer crusts.
what is more astonishing is that they placed all the right mathematics into the simulation, like body size, composition, weight etc.. and they let the simulation run
All that happening by chance is pretty amazing.
And impossible
No matter what happened it would be by chance
If it happened this way it would all just cool into a solid dry rock.
Not really, there's hundreds of moons in our solar system, moons are pretty common
I had a bad day, I will binge watch space docs once more to make it better
nothing like the cosmos to make our problems look small.
@@tonybrowneyed8277 lots of love, my fellow open minded individual
The physics involved in this is beautiful.
The tax dollars involved in this is beautiful.
Brawno is made with electrolytes!
Computers can't simulate chemical reactions. How are you able to believe a computer can simulate a moons formation?
Maybe you should stick to watching water balloons popping in slow mo.
The moon is so large as compared with Earth that we can consider Earth/Moon to be a double planet system.