Fred Stuart discusses the art of hand-winding pickups

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  • Опубліковано 29 гру 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 232

  • @patrickfiore7067
    @patrickfiore7067 10 місяців тому +2

    Love this vid! Fred knows the biz. Just ordered his tele blackguard pickups

  • @colonelbrando
    @colonelbrando 12 років тому +3

    A really generous video. Not many people would be willing to let you get such a close look. I love my lap-wrap set. Thanks!

  • @bugsbny28
    @bugsbny28 9 років тому +98

    I think the criticisms for this video are utterly hilarious. I tell you what, when you have made this kind of product, at this kind of quality as long as this man you can call him down. Till people are dropping a couple hundred dollars on your pickups why don't you sit down shut up and appreciate that he's sharing his process.

    • @ancelrick5396
      @ancelrick5396 7 років тому +15

      @ Luke , You are one seriously confused fellow.

    • @reginaldbowls7180
      @reginaldbowls7180 5 років тому +1

      Dena you're a dummy.

    • @justinpaquette224
      @justinpaquette224 3 роки тому +2

      They sound like a bunch of children that think they know everything because they read something from a guitar forum, that some other child wrote, that they read from someone else who doesn't know what they are talking about in the first place

  • @loressadunn1985
    @loressadunn1985 11 років тому +19

    Wow! I'm impressed and I don't even understand what magic my brother, Fred is performing in this video. If only Dad had lived long enough to see Fred at work in his own shop; builds nice instruments too.

  • @spkay31
    @spkay31 4 роки тому +5

    Awesome video. I love watching craftsman with years of experience and a deep love for their craft creating high quality products by hand.

  • @Dad-Gad
    @Dad-Gad 4 роки тому +5

    Take my hat off to any pickup builder who does all this by hand 👏

  • @olliewalker6406
    @olliewalker6406 8 років тому

    this is the best pu winding video I have seen. This is the most I have learned in as quick as possible.

  • @workshop_storytime
    @workshop_storytime 11 років тому +2

    I own and love one of your Blackguard pickups. Thank you for generously showing us how it is done!

  • @emmanuelmeyermeyer1083
    @emmanuelmeyermeyer1083 3 роки тому

    Thank you sir for sharing your skill and craftsmanship with all of us viewers. It was a joy to see a true craftsman working with his hands. In these days of automation its wonderful to see a person taking pride in their product. 🎸👍

  • @Fuktupratbag
    @Fuktupratbag 8 років тому +9

    coupling - that make sense how the elec flows. I didn't know that but it makes sense.I copy/pasted this from
    JConline- direct wound :
    " some pickups are microphonic by nature, take your guitar and talk or
    yell into the pickup on some guitars you can hear your voice come out
    the amp. It only makes sense that a direct mechanical coupling could
    have some effect on the tone. "
    this is from Seymour-Duncan : scatter-wound -
    The effect is to create more air space in the coil. This lowers the
    distributed capacitance. The best way to think of distributed
    capacitance is like a little tone control in the pickup. When the
    capacitance is lowered, the result is that more treble will come through
    and the resonant peak of the pickup will increase slightly. Secondly,
    each scatter-wound pickup will sound slightly unique. You can
    scatter-wind ten pickups with the same wire and number of turns, but
    each will sound different.
    Unique - very cool.... Thanks Fred.

  • @ricardocruz-71
    @ricardocruz-71 7 років тому

    Brilliant video in showing process step-by-step of pickup winding. Looking to try this myself, so a great lesson in how to do it!

  • @ShemFaith
    @ShemFaith 2 місяці тому

    Loved the pickup winding video! Hope you’re doing well, since this was a long time ago. Love from Sikkim, India. ❤🙏

  • @ozzie-sk9dh
    @ozzie-sk9dh 11 років тому +2

    Master craftsman at work. Thanks for the insight

  • @ejoey64
    @ejoey64 8 років тому +1

    Very good pickups maker..All in detail..Thanks for the video!

  • @Sandstroem82
    @Sandstroem82 4 роки тому +1

    Such a interesting demonstration, thanks for sharing!

  • @martywright1979
    @martywright1979 2 роки тому

    Awesome love a detailed explanation of how things are made

  • @joeyramonelookalike
    @joeyramonelookalike 8 років тому

    Great video!! thanks for posting. Would love to hear more from Stuart and other types of pickups.

  • @sleekitwan
    @sleekitwan 7 років тому +3

    Thanks for the demonstration...there is one undeniable aspect of this video, which people focused on how it's not advantageous to hand-build versus machine build etc: this way, we get to see what's going on, and the ongoing discussions with interviewer etc, make sense. If they just showed us a factory line...well, it's all going to be a bit obscure. I thought it was a good educational piece. Love the bit about the eyesight - you get to a certain age, magically, lights everywhere seem dimmer than they used to be! Your life is spent going in search of higher lumens.

  • @OFR
    @OFR 9 років тому +1

    Simple, clear, informative. A great video of the process.... thanks!

  • @rockyrichards2
    @rockyrichards2 6 років тому

    Thank you for sharing sir, enjoyed that thoroughly. Very educational and fun to watch. Wish you success and good health. Hope to buy some of your pickups.

  • @petedazer3381
    @petedazer3381 5 років тому

    Excellent, extremely informative. Thanks for posting!

  • @rickclark4112
    @rickclark4112 4 роки тому +1

    When one says "The Art of The Pickup" They are talking about this kind of pickup... No machine can do this.... Absolutely Beautiful Man!!!

  • @GodzillaGoesGaga
    @GodzillaGoesGaga 8 років тому +2

    Great video. Thanks for sharing your knowledge, I love seeing skills like this. :-)

  • @johnnychan9245
    @johnnychan9245 2 роки тому +1

    Hi Fred, Could you let me know where I can buy those vulcanised plastic .

  • @charlesdespres
    @charlesdespres 12 років тому +3

    Great video! But I wonder how long you let the pickup cool after potting it because temperature affects DC resistance big time. I found out after being puzzled by why a pickup I had wound to a certain resistance had lower resistance the next day. I had used a lamp close by so I could see better and had heated the pickup unwittingly. Handwound pickups are great!

    • @justinpaquette224
      @justinpaquette224 3 роки тому +1

      That's why I check the set of pickups I wind all at once, and then put them in my log. I realized that even a slight temp change would make the ohm readings jump around

  • @FunkyStugatz
    @FunkyStugatz 12 років тому

    Artistry At Its Finest. Thanks for sharing a part of the magic.

  • @jimidee100
    @jimidee100 9 років тому +4

    Scatter winding coils goes back to the early days of radio. You could google this if you want for info.

  • @farazzaidi944
    @farazzaidi944 4 роки тому

    How did you prevent the wire from burning your fingers at 10:26 ?

  • @JohnOakwest
    @JohnOakwest 10 років тому +10

    i need 88 alnico 5 single pole pickups for my piano :)

  • @alexm66
    @alexm66 3 роки тому +1

    I would measure the capacitance too, and then calculate the LC resonance frequency of the pickup.

  • @PLINKER
    @PLINKER 8 років тому +1

    Hi Fred, I'm in the process of making a winder. I would like to make some telecasters. I wonder if you might give me some suggestions on winding pick-ups to get the Luther Perkins sound. Winds and wire size, etc. Thanks Tom

  • @CraigHollabaugh
    @CraigHollabaugh 8 років тому

    Thanks, very informative and entertaining. Now I have to get back to work.

  • @drewthestu
    @drewthestu 8 років тому

    Love this video, where did you get the clear plastic "pulley halves" that you are working with at the 9:30 mark of the video? They look like a great thing to have.

  • @wesmatron
    @wesmatron 7 років тому

    You have inspired me to attempt making my own pickups.

  • @cast390
    @cast390 9 років тому

    The traffic noise on the left speaker is soothing to listen to.

  • @edadpops1709
    @edadpops1709 7 років тому +1

    Thanks.so there must be a chart that shows gauss = a certain magnet? Thanks forthe info.

  • @davidhigginbotham5451
    @davidhigginbotham5451 3 роки тому

    This is so good... so carefully 'splained.

  • @JayDee-bz2ge
    @JayDee-bz2ge 7 років тому +1

    I worked with FRED for about 15 years & he's one of only a handful of builders that "BUILD". Everything other than cutting the tree down, Fred would take fin form sheet, create the templates, tooling & "build" his guitars without relying on a CNC etc... And being a real player, he knows when it's riiight....

  • @michaelchristianson7743
    @michaelchristianson7743 3 роки тому

    Thanks for the butterscotch tele!!!

  • @yetanotherjohn
    @yetanotherjohn 7 років тому +8

    42 AWG wire, hence: The Meaning of Life, the Universe, and Everything!

    • @Tunkkis
      @Tunkkis 6 років тому

      *Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, Three Universe, and Everything.

  • @franciscoyaque6938
    @franciscoyaque6938 5 років тому

    beautiful job, thanks for sharing

  • @baronsting
    @baronsting 11 років тому +1

    I was thinking about trying different gauges of wire and different magnet strengths to see what effect I get. Do you have any advice about going down or up in gauge? How about unusual configurations on winding pickups in regards to direction and looping and their effect on sound. Have you ever tried different patterns? Thanks for any advice!!!

  • @jpphelps3663
    @jpphelps3663 6 років тому +1

    Great video. How are you feeding your wire off the spool?

  • @BennyHeflinger
    @BennyHeflinger 7 років тому

    Awesome video, thanks for sharing !

  • @fate2022
    @fate2022 9 років тому

    Great video, thanks for sharing this wealth of knowledge. Would you mind if I emailed you with any questions I might have. I am just getting started in winding my own pickups,and any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.

  • @jamesdickinson5173
    @jamesdickinson5173 4 роки тому

    Can you still buy the black guard tele pickups ? There use to be a site that sold them , Vintage Guitars , or something like that , but it seems to be gone , and is there a way to contact Fred Stuart ? Thanks .

  • @alastairscott4042
    @alastairscott4042 9 років тому

    Thanks for this Fred, how can I get a reasonably low cost string winder that works similar to yours?

  • @alexchet2574
    @alexchet2574 10 років тому

    Please tell us more about the magnets for charging.
    What power these magnets?

    • @Giovcii
      @Giovcii 4 роки тому

      Yes please.. I wanna know too

  • @alizarincrimson123
    @alizarincrimson123 7 років тому

    Awesome. Very interesting and informative.

  • @dirkbonesteel
    @dirkbonesteel 6 років тому +3

    10K that's some P-90 level stuff there. Going into a Telecaster should bring some power and a more mellow than standard. Interesting

    • @Patrick_Garrett
      @Patrick_Garrett 4 роки тому +1

      I have a set of fralin tele pickups that have 10k winds and something close to 12k DC resistance. Very P90 power and yes they are a bit more mellow however it's not dark. It twangs and spits and spanks just like any tele because of the shape of the coil and scale length, but you dont have any of the shrillness that you get from standard pickups. They drive an amp hard, and keep it warm all in a good way. I think over winding is the future of pickup sounds for thinner sounding guitars like strats and teles. P90 power in a tele is absolutely insane and I wouldn't trade it for the world.

  • @edwardmakazich6548
    @edwardmakazich6548 9 років тому +3

    master at work

  • @GibsonLesPaul2273
    @GibsonLesPaul2273 5 років тому +3

    I dlike to know what the difference is between a crap sounding cheap pickup and a good one, cheap coil wire?

    • @Earlvis
      @Earlvis 4 роки тому +1

      GibsonLesPaul2273 The materials, the magnet selection, the wire, number of wire turns on a bobbin, the winding technique, and the wisdom to put it all together correctly to create a magical sounding pickup. I’m a hobbyist winder and every Gibson owner that has my pickups says they are way better than ANY Gibson pickup made today. It’s a lot of work to make a set of humbuckers and they are definitely worth the asking price.

  • @Giovcii
    @Giovcii 4 роки тому

    So you wouldn't get a consistent sound outcome for every finish product? If the shape of the coil affects the sound.

  • @markmccornack7983
    @markmccornack7983 4 роки тому

    Very cool! I am curious though, why do you magnetize the poles prior to winding rather than after?

  • @rodrigomiller7011
    @rodrigomiller7011 4 роки тому +1

    Hello! I was wondering about why at first he measures around 7 k and at the end of the whole process he meassures 10.5 k, is he meassuring the same parameter??

    • @bbcored
      @bbcored 4 роки тому

      I was wondering the same thing. I know k stands for kilo-ohm, and that he is measuring the resistance before and after the potting process. I guess the wax changes the resistance value... There is a really interesting experiment regarding the effects potting will have on capacitance and microphonics if you’re interested!! guitarnuts2.proboards.com/thread/8739/wax-potting-experiment-capacitance-microphonics

    • @rodrigomiller7011
      @rodrigomiller7011 4 роки тому +1

      @@bbcored Thank you Aidan! Really interesting!

    • @jhoskins5630
      @jhoskins5630 4 роки тому +5

      The Strat PU was just under 7K. The Tele pickup was 10.5.

    • @Thoracius
      @Thoracius Рік тому

      Reading is temperature sensitive.

  • @enlaondalive2720
    @enlaondalive2720 2 роки тому

    How does he attach the white string on the wire? Glue?

  • @iplayloud2
    @iplayloud2 6 років тому +1

    "..as random as we can" that the key!

  • @MAPIOH
    @MAPIOH 5 років тому +1

    I just did hand winding about 10 minutes ago..I broke the wire at round 17th..😌😌😌

  • @iharter
    @iharter 7 років тому

    A great video - thanks!

  • @tonysinatra5128
    @tonysinatra5128 12 років тому

    I have always wondered about the 'physics' involved in pup winding. The linear acceleration and deccelaration as the wire is wound from the outside of the bobbin to the center with each revolution seems like it would be impossible to deal with at that wind speed....someone please explain.

  • @fliski666
    @fliski666 12 років тому

    Very cool video. Your jig for pressing in the pole pieces is also very cool, makes my wooden one look like junk!
    I wanted to ask if you thought the nitro is going to be enough protection for the start of the coil? I usually dip in nitro and use tape afterwards, probably overkill thinking about it now!

  • @Andluth
    @Andluth 5 років тому

    Great video! Can you tell me the name of the machine you use to magnetize the pole pieces? Thanks!

    • @joelbennett9014
      @joelbennett9014 5 років тому +1

      pulse magnetizer. i believe you could also use a powerful neodymium magnet too - they're strong enough to recharge alnico/ceramic magnets.

  • @technovan1133
    @technovan1133 5 років тому

    i have question, what is determine the Ohm of humbucker? for example what to make a humbucker 7.6 ohm

  • @edadpops1709
    @edadpops1709 6 років тому

    My dad loved his video eye magnifier.

  • @MrJeegzee
    @MrJeegzee 6 років тому

    Great! Thanks for the knowledge.

  • @tonysinatra5128
    @tonysinatra5128 12 років тому +4

    ....and the speed of that wire through your bare fingers....how the heck do you keep from getting 'sliced'??

    • @Giovcii
      @Giovcii 4 роки тому

      yeah i was wondering why he's not warning viewers to use proper gloves or cover for your fingers. Hahaha

  • @Cleopatra542
    @Cleopatra542 7 років тому

    Does magnet polarity come in to play when charging. Does it matter?

  • @jeffreymckeown
    @jeffreymckeown Рік тому

    Where do you get the bubbin material?

  • @Gypsymojo
    @Gypsymojo 5 років тому

    Which eyelet is used as the earth? is it where the winding started or finished. Cheers

    • @RobMods
      @RobMods 5 років тому

      Ideally, the start of the coil is at earth. That way, you get much less buzz when you touch the pole pieces. Weirdly though, Fender often still don't do this, especially on Jazz basses. Not sure why. This is also why the middle strat pickup is reverse wound.

  • @danogle9927
    @danogle9927 7 років тому

    Very interesting,thanks for the info.

  • @connorarens8462
    @connorarens8462 8 років тому

    Does anyone know what that machine is called that partially charges the pickups?

  • @juanokita4401
    @juanokita4401 5 років тому

    Idea
    Can i use mi old scaner and instal the laser on it
    Its worked??

  • @bobkelley9761
    @bobkelley9761 12 років тому

    Great video thanks. If I may ask... what type of winder are you using?

  • @romantea3506
    @romantea3506 3 роки тому

    I would be interested to know, how you manage to install the pickup onto the winder. I saw you tightening a screw, but that most obviously go through the flatwork.

  • @kennydial78
    @kennydial78 7 років тому

    Do you have a website where we can buy your pickups?

  • @1cleandude
    @1cleandude 4 роки тому

    Approximate cost for strat is?? Thanks

  • @delllee8365
    @delllee8365 4 роки тому

    How do you have the spool of Wire set up ? Is it on the floor by your feet?

    • @Giovcii
      @Giovcii 4 роки тому

      good question

  • @KetansaCreatesArt
    @KetansaCreatesArt 10 років тому

    How come more than 9000 windings became such a compact bundle? it should not be the 42 or 43 gauge wire. What is the gauge?

  • @jillybabesno1
    @jillybabesno1 5 років тому

    OK 1 question when can u do mine!?

  • @BioStuff415
    @BioStuff415 6 років тому

    Thanks for the post....

  • @MyestroEntertainment
    @MyestroEntertainment 11 років тому

    bravo bravo!! i just had my first thanks

  • @xXxiFvkxXx
    @xXxiFvkxXx 11 років тому

    I believe its due to the treble strings being much less mass, and less magnetic pull in relativity to the thicker bass strings. If not hopefully someone will come along and correct me, cheers!

  • @nautical_mile_sailing
    @nautical_mile_sailing 5 років тому

    How are you pulling the wire off the bobbin . My wire keeps breaking

    • @Earlvis
      @Earlvis 4 роки тому

      Shaun Nickels I found that I have to wind in climate controlled conditions (low humidity) because my hands were sticky. Go slow and don’t put too much tension on the wire when feeding it.

  • @ben156
    @ben156 8 років тому

    What is the purpose of coating the pickup in lacquer before winding?

    • @jesushammer5592
      @jesushammer5592 8 років тому +1

      Ben it makes it much more lacquery

    • @Diy-fever
      @Diy-fever 8 років тому +2

      probably to insulate pole pieces and reduce risk of shorts.

    • @Satchmoeddie
      @Satchmoeddie 8 років тому +1

      It is an attempt to better insulate the pole pieces so the thin enamel wire coating won't wear through & short to the pole piece. It helps some. Fender started using plain enamel, had issues with the wire shorting to the magnets, and went to "Heavy Formvar" coating. Then they discovered dipping the magnets in enamel or lacquer and buying plain enamel wire saved money, so they changed their design again.

    • @ben156
      @ben156 8 років тому

      Thanks for the info!

    • @ORDER4STU
      @ORDER4STU 8 років тому

      It also helps the pickup to be less microphonic. A non potted pickup can basically act as a microphone, and coating in lacquer helps to reduce the vibrations of the coils, causing less unwanted sound to be picked up

  • @juliocavalera9293
    @juliocavalera9293 8 років тому

    haii thanks for video, may i know how can i get data the number of windings high output pickup like bill lawrence L500xL or another that have output resistance 17k

    • @willgroshong4837
      @willgroshong4837 8 років тому

      You can mathematically plan out the approximate resistance of a pickup. Voicing the pickup takes much more in depth analysis and mostly experimentation.
      Find what wire is being used. Most manufacturers start with 42awg and go down to 44awg (rarely going smaller)
      Most wire manufacturers include specs on their wire with how much resistance per meter or per km.
      Measure the bobbin with one full rotation to determine how far a single "turn" is
      Calculate it against the specs on the wire to determine an approximate resistance
      There are 2 flaws with this:
      1) as the coil increases in size the distance for a "turn" changes minutely. This may not make a noticeable difference but it certainly warrants personal experimentation.
      2) the coating of the wire affects how close the wires can be together. This affects how many "turns" you can get on a coil. 5300 turns of enamel coated 42awg wire does not take the same space as 5300 turns of heavy polysol 42awg wire.
      Designing a pickup based off resistance is ok but the resistance of the pickup doesn't tell you a ton about how it SOUNDS. My advice, if you're looking to make your own pickups, is to design around a sound rather than a resistance.

    • @juliocavalera9293
      @juliocavalera9293 8 років тому

      Will Groshong thank u somuch for the information, how hihg is the output pickup for load metal music?

    • @juliocavalera9293
      @juliocavalera9293 8 років тому

      hello, whats mean of awg

    • @Rianmorgan
      @Rianmorgan 8 років тому +2

      American wire guage. Its a standardised measure the cross sectional area of the wire. Important information if you want to know about the electrical properties of the wire.

    • @rumbachumba330
      @rumbachumba330 7 років тому

      Hey Will, any idea where I can do more research to learn more about what sound I can get with which process/wire etc? I'm really interested into winding my own pickups, eventually taylor them to specifically what I want. Thanks.

  • @dalgguitars
    @dalgguitars 7 років тому

    Is that winder turning clockwise?

  • @edadpops1709
    @edadpops1709 7 років тому

    I was given a baggie full og humbucker magnets,all un marked.how can i tell if they are A23457 or ceramic? Anyone know?

    • @cgavin1
      @cgavin1 7 років тому

      The gauss will tell you what they are. Every grade of alnico has a different gauss. A cheap gauss meter on amazon is about $20.

  • @timhitt8956
    @timhitt8956 12 років тому +2

    he explained for a vintage sound you want some vibration.

  • @dbq_custom_pickups
    @dbq_custom_pickups 6 років тому

    where can i buy abs stratocaster pickups cover??

  • @173guitarman
    @173guitarman 11 років тому

    It took my an hour and a 1/2 to do what you did in about 20 seconds. (install magnets) Did you make that magnet jig ?

    • @guybuddy1
      @guybuddy1 7 років тому

      he's a professional, he has done this for years.

  • @Selzman10
    @Selzman10 4 роки тому

    What’s the black pigment in the wax??

  • @PeterBalletta
    @PeterBalletta 7 років тому

    cool informative video...thanks!

  • @nomorebs
    @nomorebs 7 років тому +2

    How is that wire friction not shredding your fingers?

    • @cblguy63
      @cblguy63 6 років тому +1

      I'm sure yrs of process has calloused hie fingers..u know like playing guitar !

  • @11calman
    @11calman 5 років тому

    This is just brilliant I agree with Dena Crossland all the way, I would say that "Luke Faez" most probably sits on carrots for enjoyment

  • @SC86Canada
    @SC86Canada 10 років тому

    I wound a few single coil pickups much like the one in the video, but I was only able to get between 5000 and 6000 winds. what do I need to do to get more coil on the bobbin?

    • @obiwanjacobi
      @obiwanjacobi 10 років тому +1

      I would say, wind it tighter or use thinner wire.

  • @wrzkace1
    @wrzkace1 8 років тому

    whats the difference between alnico magnets and others?

    • @ashscott6068
      @ashscott6068 8 років тому +1

      +Thomas Perry Alnico is some kind of ceramic with iron particles in, I believe. Like speaker magnets, rather than just a magnetised piece of iron or steel

    • @joseislanio8910
      @joseislanio8910 8 років тому +5

      +Ash Scott Actually, alnico is an aluminium, nickel and cobalt alloy, and the one you described is known as ceramic magnets.

    • @joseislanio8910
      @joseislanio8910 8 років тому +2

      Also, the basic difference between alnico magnets and other kinds of magnets is the strength of the magnetic field produced by them. actually, this is the basic difference between any two different kinds of magnets.

    • @ashscott6068
      @ashscott6068 8 років тому +2

      José Islanio
      Hey! Al - Ni - Co That makes sense. I thought it was just invented by a company started by guys named Alan and Nick, or maybe someone just thought it sounded like a badass name

    • @joseislanio8910
      @joseislanio8910 8 років тому +1

      +Ash Scott hahaha good theory :D

  • @PLINKER
    @PLINKER 8 років тому

    Also for an Esquire !

  • @tonymarinelli7304
    @tonymarinelli7304 10 років тому

    He never finished his thought with regards to when they speed wind at Dimarzio or Duncan and the wire breaks? What do they do, just keep on winding over the broken wire? Absolutely love, love, love this kind of stuff. If I could do it over again, I would become a builder myself.

    • @robertfennis6088
      @robertfennis6088 10 років тому +1

      You can't continue if the wire breaks, the thing won't work.

    • @glennjones6004
      @glennjones6004 9 років тому +3

      I think he implied that they just pitch it.

    • @Satchmoeddie
      @Satchmoeddie 8 років тому +3

      The yank it off the line, and drop it in a bucket. Later on someone strips them back down, and they try it again. If it's too buggered up, or not worth the effort they get tossed into a recycling container & shipped off to China.

  • @jeffshockey9456
    @jeffshockey9456 11 місяців тому

    That's cool it does it with a laser cause if it has a celluloid base or something in it you think it would just burn up.

  • @maxgrau9083
    @maxgrau9083 6 років тому

    where to hear