Between you guys, PBS Space Time, and SEA, there's arguably enough ridiculously high quality & comprehendible content available on astrophysics that it makes these kinds of cutting edge developments within the field relatively accessible to those of us who enjoy learning about it but aren't academics. Thank you for qll that you and your team do, we truly appreciate your time and dedication to communicating the science! 🙏
I'd like to add History of the Universe, and Astrographics to your list! As well as non space stuff like Be Smart, Veritasium, PBS Eons, SciShow, Voices of the Past, Fall of Civilizations, and Real Science. So much great interesting educational stuff out there it's hard to keep up.
@@iGramage those are actually pretty much the rest of my list of channels that I'm subscribed to all notifications from 😅 great additions to the list!! 👍
Mr Cool Worlds- man I feel the same how much it means that you choose your words the way you do and are able to make these concepts easier to fully grasp. I absolutely love the subject matter of your channel as a whole and it’s been a real pleasure watching your videos and gaining a measure understanding I hadn’t had before doing so
Watching and learning from these videos has taught me to be observant about things in the universe. Like when Dr. Kipping goes from wearing a T-shirt while on-screen speaking into the mic. To completing the sentence on-screen speaking into the mic, now with jacket on. This guy is a God.
I have beeb worried for your well-being for rare inactivity on UA-cam, Sir. You are the true mentor for me since you carefully choose every exact word in laymen's terms in each and every of your contents. I always rewatch your video about time-travelling whenever I am too down or sad with the losses uncontrollable, and emphasise the core message you gave in that one. I really hope to meet you in person to be able to tell you how your UA-cam videos deeply affect on one's life and thank you. Take care, Sir.
Wow that's so kind of you to share. Really means a lot to hear things like this. Yes it's sometimes hard balancing everything in my life to make these, but you guys keep me going
@@CoolWorldsLabWow didn't expect a reply on such short notice, Sir. Please keep on doing these knowledgable and creative contents since there is less and less real science channels, and more and more pseudoscience or Ancient Alien channels out there.
This channel is a must-go for every astronomy friend. Not as bombastic as some TV documentaries, yet still understandable even for us, amatures and enthusiasts.
@@CoolWorldsLabIn regards to FTL communication using entanglement what do you think about this idea? There is one piece of information we can send and measure on both sides accurately using entanglement, TIME. Or more specifically TIME intervals. How about we assign letters and numbers to each second that passes by between measurements? Same for punctuation marks? Use the first measurement as the signal for the person receiving the message to begin counting then count the seconds until the next measurement. We assign letters and numbers to each moment of time that passes by beforehand using that as our “key” that we give to both the sender and the receiver. So if 1 second elapses between the 1st and the 2nd measurement that equals the letter A. If 2 seconds pass by then it's the letter B. First “ping” or measurement is the starting point and the second ping is the end point. Count the time interval in between and refer to a “key” to find out what letter or number that time interval represents. We can write sentences this way. And just ignore the spins altogether. As long as both observers have the same "key", wouldn't that work? Would just need a ton of entangled particles as some have stated that once you interact with an entangled pair, that breaks the entanglement. We would basically be using 2 entangled pairs to spell out one letter. Use one entangled pair as the starting point and another entangled pair as the end point for the count. Then wait a minute between each letter we’ve sent as a reset before we send the next letter and repeat until a word is spelled out.
As an aspiring Astrophysicist, I really enjoy these videos! Neutron Stars are so interesting not only due to their characteristics, but because a select few are very close to that 3 SM boundary. Studying those few could help refine existing boundary estimates, and give a greater understanding on the limits of matter at those insane pressures. Which is super exciting.
Dr. Kipping, you are seriously the best astronomy and physics journalist I have ever come across (and I consume a lot of that content.) Thank you for being the adult in the room about strangelets/strange matter, for the truly curious, the truth is always more interesting than any fiction. Plus, I can pencil cross off the existential dread of the strangelet apocalypse. Every video you release makes my world just a little cooler, thanks!
Just 2 minutes in and this is incredible!! I just love your style in narrating these amazingly crafted videos! You have a real talent for explaining such complex topics in great detail and the effort you put into making these vids really pays off😄👍 these bizarre cosmic objects are explained so well by you which makes it so much easier to comprehend how this universe works (not an easy task!😂), Love this content, please keep it up as its greatly appreciated!!! ❤😊 Man this universe is so unbelievablely strange.
David, I know you are busy with work as well but if I could be selfish for just second here I wish you would post content more frequently 🙏 ….. I absolutely, thoroughly enjoy your videos! It has reignited my love for all things astronomy ❤ Thank you so very much for this!!! Edit: Grammar error 😉
Sorry I don't post more often! I always try to prioritize making sure the videos are high quality and it's tricky balancing my time with my job as a professor (especially during finals weeks like now!)
I prefer higher quality to higher frequency. I also think his teaching and research work should take precedent over content creation. I am, however, in favor of radically unethical experimentation in human cloning and mind copying if it means we no longer have to make the aforementioned trade-offs.
@CoolWorldsLab understandable! But I second the comment, I would love more content (if/when you have time). Your voice and the way you explain things is phenomenal Dave!
Finally! I've been waiting for a good explanation of strangelets and why they would be so catastrophic, considering strange quarks aren't all that common in the universe. How could something so uncommon become so prevalent all of a sudden? This video finally explains the mechanism. Yes, I first saw the video about strangelets and strange stars on Kurzgesagt a few years ago, but that just left me with more questions.
@@CoolWorldsLab are there theories about other heavy quark hadrons that can become metastable if surrounded by more of its kind, like charmed, top or bottom quarks?
I have always found neutron stars more fascinating than black holes because we actually kind of know what is going on inside them. And they do not disappoint. Definitely my favorite objects in space. I just wish we had was a really clear picture of one in multiple wavelengths so we could see the surface.
There have been some pictures of neutron stars surface emission by Hubble, and a few years ago, a team of scientists was able to map the surface of one.
@@jhtrq1465 I did a search before I wrote that comment, just to make sure there wasn't something new but I didn't see that. Do you know where you saw it?
@@Nefville I think they were referring to this - www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-nicer-delivers-best-ever-pulsar-measurements-1st-surface-map/ which is the NICER telescope being used to observe and attain certain measurements of a close by pulsar. However, to say they actually mapped the surface of a pulsar is misleading, as they observed and mapped temperature hot spots. P.s. Neutron stars are also my favorite 🥰
Thanks so much David. The podcasts are fascinating too! Nothing else quite like this channel, the level of detail and depth is perfect for curious adults with an existing interest in astronomy and astrophysics. Thanks for spreading the knowledge.
This explanation of the stability of strange matter, using quantum states and the Exclusion Principle, is much clearer than most other UA-cam videos I've seen on the subject. The transformation of "normal" matter into strange matter is likewise more clearly detailed. I'm a recreational math and physics nerd over 50 and I wish I'd gotten inspired into pursuing number theory and theoretical physics when my brain was younger... but UA-cam didn't exist then. Thank you for these videos.
The refinement of these videos is astonishing. I cannot believe you do not have millions of followers. This has become my favorite YT channel bar none. Amazing work, please don’t ever stop!
Always a good day when our guy posts a new video. A great topic too. Thanks for these videos, David. Considering your high production value I imagine they are quite a bit of work. Hope you and your family have a great holiday!
Thank you for your latest upload, I'm just a simple heating engineer and struggle to understand many subjects surrounding space etc. You have a brilliant ability to simplify this subject so the simple man can even enjoy it. Many thanks 👍❤️🏴
New Cool Worlds video, let’s gooo!! Your work on life’s early start and our late arrival made me consider on the universal scale, 14 billion years may seem like a long time but if stars are going to continue being formed for trillions of years we seem pretty early on the cosmic timeline.
Thanks for this fascinating dive into neutron stars, quark stars, and strangelets! I much prefer this sort of (as you called it) "sober" take on the theory, which overcomes clickbait degeneracy pressure, to move from a metastable sensationalist state to this more informative and stable state. If you happen have a moment, I did have a couple of questions about the electrical charge of strangelets: 1. Suppose (for the sake of discussion) that a negatively-charged strangelet were here on Earth, somehow. How would it be able to overcome the negative electric charge of the electron cloud surrounding an atom of ordinary matter in order to interact with the neutrons and protons in its nucleus? 2. Suppose a negatively-charged strangelet encounters a neutron. Then (if I am understanding this correctly) one of the neutron's two down quarks will settle into a lower-energy state and become a strange quark, thus converting the neutron into more of the same strange matter that comprises the strangelet. But what happens when the negatively-charged strangelet interacts with a positively-charged proton? Is the charge of the quarks in the proton conserved? And, if not: what happens to the positive charge of the up quarks in the proton--would they eventually increase the charge of the strangelet, until it is no longer negatively charged?
You've done it again, Dr Kipping. You've blown me away. I can hardly imagine how exciting it must be for your students at Columbia. By the way, how is the search for Exomoons progressing?
An absolutely wonderful video. Thank you for taking time to create content for us! Please do a video about the LISA mission (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna), if you ever get a chance!
This was mindblowing and insanely cool to learn about! I like to take my time and REALLY listen, when it comes to "matters" like these (:P), and I find myself rewinding entire sentences, over and over again - to ask myself; "Did he just say THAT?!" - and I love how learning new stuff makes me feel that way. Like, for instance, that most of the gold on earth is a product of the merger of binary neutron stars.. Like... WHAT?! That is SO DAMN COOL! I love it. Thank you for the beautiful knowledge. You have humility, and your presentation doesn't require viewers to be at Mensa level to understand - so thank you for putting this knowledge into easily digestible sentences (although, I still pause the video every time I hear a new alien word like "hyperon", lol) Looking forward to learn more!
I've only recently heard of the Quark Star. It showed up in a curiosity search for ideas related to the Hypothetical Seventh Quark. There's a growing number of Theoretical Physics folk saying things like: "a three dimensional object needs a Seventh Quark to generate a repulsive force keeping matter from collapsing altogether." Or something akin to That. I'm seriously lousy at mathematics, so, I'm unable to work on The quantum physics formulae presented by Such Folk. But, in your dazzling laymen's terminology presentation, here, I think they're on to a similar notion regarding the pressures preventing high mass neutron stars from collapsing into black holes. They're also suggesting that Gravity is An Effect, rather than a Thing and thusly, lacks Any specific Particle of Its own. That The so-called "Graviton" So widely used in science fiction stories, might NOT actually exist in Reality! It Does make sense with this Quark Star theory. Because: if you have gravitons at the pressures suggested for Quark Stars, they'd interact with Quarks striving to avoid being separated from one another! Of course, most of what I understand about This sort of thing IS mainly its use As plot devices in science fiction stories!🤪🥴 Do Gravitons, Actually, Exist? And, If So; Do they have any effects on the formation of a Quark Star? Because: the stuff I've stumbled across in this subject sounds like Gravitons would cause high mass neutron stars to Form into Black Holes instead of creating Quark Matter! And, they also suggest that everything is composed of "Quantum Fields" something akin to String Theory! 🥴 Whatever, it's a fascinating exploration, to be Sure 💖
Yes! I hear you man. I don’t mind being alone either. A learned state of being. I love your science content, but I will admit to losing hope for/in humanity. I got it back listening to Agro Squirrel narrates. He narrates short Sci-Fi stories that gives me hope for humanity again. Stay safe
I spend most of my days terrified that this is it, I’m gonna walk out my garage and look to the left to see a horizon being turned into a grey goo. Clouds falling from the sky turned from white fluff to grey glop falling into trees that crumble and splash into the same grey goo as it engulfs all the houses in front of me everywhere, everything turning into grey goo. I see a young couple pushing a stroller with 2 Great Danes that are freaking out turned into grey goo as they scream no more. Then it’s my turn as the last thing I see is my legs splash away and I fall into the goo and it all goes grey. I don’t die but become one with the cosmo and all that was consumed by the strange matter. Any second now earth will smack into an errant piece of strange matter ejected from a neutron star 2.3 billion years ago.
@@CoolWorldsLabspeak for yourself. I've given up pretending, I'm very strange. Neutron and quark stars are something I'd wanted to learn more about (just for the hell of it, of no practical use to a bioscientist) and you are one of the better physics communicators.
Love your videos! The combination of great science, great philosophy and great production value is top tier. Thanks so much for making these I was curious, I love the poster on your wall on the left side of the screen at 0:41 and I'd love to get one of my own! Is there anything you can tell me about it to point me in the right direction to get one? I've been obsessing over it for a while and just keep forgetting to ask
"Clearly, negatively charged strange matter would have disastrous consequences for any ordinary matter it touches. It probably could not be tolerated at any level on earth or in ordinary stellar environments."
Just want to say thanks for your channel. There are a lot of channels out here posing as science astronomy channels, but many range from poorly researched to flat out pseudoscience. It's awesome that passionate academics, like yourselves, are putting these out for us lay people. The science community really needs to do more of this, in general, for all fields.
Personally, I really wonder what we might find in the 'dark' areas of space. The dark, frozen places you might find, and the curious things going on deep within them, at or near their cores. If only I lived in a society like in Star Trek. Exploring, up close and personal, the varying oddities of the universe would've suited me well.
This was a really interesting video. The worldbuilding for a sci-fi story I'm working on uses positively-charged strangelets as a super dense material for various uses and specifically bans the production of negatively-charge strangelets because of the danger of converting everything if any got out. It was great to hear a super concise description of how they would work theoretically.
Prof. Kipping, your hypothesis about quark stars being an inevitable part of the evolution of neutron stars is logically sound from a material science perspective. As temperature (thermal energy) is radiated away density increases. From that, it is reasonable to conclude that as neutron stars cool and their density increases this leads to a slow progression of quark core formation as a neutron star cools. I hope you don't mind me giving my thoughts on your hypothesis Prof. Kipping, I love your content and your work, especially your work on exomoons. Please keep up the great work.
But it is not. Degeneracy pressure has to do with the physical size of quantum states, and is not sensitive to temperature. When a degenerate object cools to 0K, it’s the same size with a completely full Fermi sea.
@DrDeuteron degeneracy pressure isn't affected by temperature. You are correct. However, it is affected by density, which in turn is affected by temperature. So, while temperature has no direct effect on the degeneracy pressure, the density increase as a result of the dissipation of thermal energy does have a direct effect on the degeneracy pressure. The cycle is scientifically sound, somewhat unprovable, like string theory or many worlds, but scientifically, it is sound.
"Nature's imagination far exceeds our own" is a statement that is as scary as interesting/awe inspiring. That statement deserves its own Tshirt -> just think of the conversations it would start.
Love you videos! Even though I am already deeply fascinated by the stars, space-time, yadda, yadda.. But, you always have me gripping with even more intrigue, every single time. Everything blends so well. Hope all is well! And thanks again!
Neutronium is a stupid name. It should be called, "Unobtanium." Not because we will never have the ability to obtain the smallest particle, but so that we can some day obtain a sample. Science if filled with examples of nomenclature where things have been given names because we thought they had properties that they did not turn out to actually have. For example, the term "atom" was used to describe the most fundamental particle of matter, something that we later learned it was not. It stands to reason, if we call it unobtanium, we will someday have the ability to obtain it.
Much appreciate another fine and fairly cutting edge video (at least in lay terms), and thank you for not going too far off on the strange matter red-herring when discussing the stellar journey on becoming a black hole.
“That which does not Degenerate you, makes you Stranger” One of your best videos! Which is saying something as you consistently deliver outstanding discussions and ideas on the amazing world of astrophysics (and beyond).
~ Quarks are like the navigators of Preons. There are six Preons which correspond to each of the eternal questions: Who/What, Where/When, How/Why. Preons expand from these six questions to everything else, just like the big bang expanded to form all the energy & matter that encompasses us. The navigation of Preons corresponds with Quarks in that Quarks determine which characteristics the Preons follow. ~ Take for example, 'What', & that What is a spoon. So now the next question arises, What kind of spoon?, since the expansion of the question of a spoon requires a definite answer because there are many kinds of spoons, styles, & designs. Therefore since Quarks are also six in quantity, Charm/Up/Top & Strange/Down/Bottom, they eventually constitute neutrons, protons, & electrons, which eventually become atoms, & eventually the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. Thus the Quarks ultimately determine what kind of spoon, whether ugly & made of something awful, or a beautiful spoon made of silver, & an ornate design/style. With the ugly spoon being directed by the Strange/Down/Bottom quarks, or the beautiful spoon being directed by the Charm/Up/Top Quarks. ~ Just remember that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, so the ugly spoon may be beautiful to someone, while the beautiful spoon may be ugly to someone else. Albeit, relevent & relative resonance & entanglement ultimately determine this outcome. ~ In conclusion, Quark Stars are the same but in a macroscopic cosmic scale.
Always very interesting. I'm curious: Given neutron degeneracy pressure is a great deal higher than that for electrons I presume it follows quark delegacy pressure is very much higher again - I don't know! If that is the case wouldn't that mean the amount of mass required to finally collapse quark matter might be so enormous that smaller black holes would be impossible? There would seem to be a number of testable implications for such a line of reasoning. eg Does the existence of stellar mass black holes rule out the existence of quark matter?* *Alternately if quark degeneracy pressure isn't a great deal higher than that for neutrons, why not? And if so that would suggest that any quark star would be teetering so close to the edge of collapsing in to a Black hole that we should see evidence for 'heavy' neutron stars winking out of existence as they spin down.
There is an answer to why a neutron, all by itself in a low energy environment - decays in less than 15 minutes? Thank you for this video Prof. Kipping, it is full of thoughtful propositions - and I'm slow in grasping both the meaning and the consequences of something like "strange matter". Greetings from the UK, Anthony
"thank you for uploading these videos. Even if I'm having a hard night, I just put a relaxing astronomy video on and listen. It always makes my nights go much easier. Thank you!!!"
Thank you for approaching this discussion in a factual manner and not - as you stated - sensationalising it as UA-cam does. This was very interesting, educational, and thought-provoking. Thank you. Subscribed.
LOL... "factual" manner about a purely theoretical/hypothetical unproveable "speculation"... BELIEVE THE SCIENCE... 😉... Star Trek is real... in someone's mind...
Great video, clearly explains the science without relying too much on analogies. I’ve heard about quark stars before but hardly ever seen any good explanations- thank you. (But does quark rhyme with hark or hawk?!)
Thank you David for your insightful and indeed thoughtful content. We can always rely on Cool Worlds for, as you put it, a sober look a subject. Your lack of sensationalism is sought-after and appreciated. 🤓
It’s just nice when instead of destroying the universe, astrophysics ends up making us feel a little more safe and secure in a cosmos that doesn’t like us. Thanks for another amazing episode.
Thank you so much for getting me thinking about this. We've popped down this intriguing cosmic rabbit hole now, let's see where it takes us. Could you please do something on JMBOs and their significance now in the scheme of things? Could they also have moons?
![The Insane Science of Neutron Stars [4K]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/qX6h72IyKSo/mqdefault.jpg)
Between you guys, PBS Space Time, and SEA, there's arguably enough ridiculously high quality & comprehendible content available on astrophysics that it makes these kinds of cutting edge developments within the field relatively accessible to those of us who enjoy learning about it but aren't academics.
Thank you for qll that you and your team do, we truly appreciate your time and dedication to communicating the science! 🙏
I'd like to add History of the Universe, and Astrographics to your list! As well as non space stuff like Be Smart, Veritasium, PBS Eons, SciShow, Voices of the Past, Fall of Civilizations, and Real Science. So much great interesting educational stuff out there it's hard to keep up.
@@iGramage those are actually pretty much the rest of my list of channels that I'm subscribed to all notifications from 😅 great additions to the list!! 👍
Melodysheep & John Michael Godier are angelss too
@@ShaahzaadKaleem Godier is my Friday night go-to and Melodysheep is definitely quality over quantity!
Mr Cool Worlds- man I feel the same how much it means that you choose your words the way you do and are able to make these concepts easier to fully grasp. I absolutely love the subject matter of your channel as a whole and it’s been a real pleasure watching your videos and gaining a measure understanding I hadn’t had before doing so
Watching and learning from these videos has taught me to be observant about things in the universe. Like when Dr. Kipping goes from wearing a T-shirt while on-screen speaking into the mic. To completing the sentence on-screen speaking into the mic, now with jacket on. This guy is a God.
😂
I have beeb worried for your well-being for rare inactivity on UA-cam, Sir. You are the true mentor for me since you carefully choose every exact word in laymen's terms in each and every of your contents. I always rewatch your video about time-travelling whenever I am too down or sad with the losses uncontrollable, and emphasise the core message you gave in that one. I really hope to meet you in person to be able to tell you how your UA-cam videos deeply affect on one's life and thank you. Take care, Sir.
Wow that's so kind of you to share. Really means a lot to hear things like this. Yes it's sometimes hard balancing everything in my life to make these, but you guys keep me going
@@CoolWorldsLabWow didn't expect a reply on such short notice, Sir. Please keep on doing these knowledgable and creative contents since there is less and less real science channels, and more and more pseudoscience or Ancient Alien channels out there.
True !
Im also beeb worried
@@conlangknow8787We have a word in English for people like that. A total planck 😆
This channel is a must-go for every astronomy friend. Not as bombastic as some TV documentaries, yet still understandable even for us, amatures and enthusiasts.
So glad you enjoy what we do
Well said.
David's voice is so relaxing also. Should be doing documentaries for tv! :)
@@CoolWorldsLabIn regards to FTL communication using entanglement what do you think about this idea? There is one piece of information we can send and measure on both sides accurately using entanglement, TIME. Or more specifically TIME intervals. How about we assign letters and numbers to each second that passes by between measurements? Same for punctuation marks? Use the first measurement as the signal for the person receiving the message to begin counting then count the seconds until the next measurement. We assign letters and numbers to each moment of time that passes by beforehand using that as our “key” that we give to both the sender and the receiver. So if 1 second elapses between the 1st and the 2nd measurement that equals the letter A. If 2 seconds pass by then it's the letter B. First “ping” or measurement is the starting point and the second ping is the end point. Count the time interval in between and refer to a “key” to find out what letter or number that time interval represents. We can write sentences this way. And just ignore the spins altogether. As long as both observers have the same "key", wouldn't that work? Would just need a ton of entangled particles as some have stated that once you interact with an entangled pair, that breaks the entanglement. We would basically be using 2 entangled pairs to spell out one letter. Use one entangled pair as the starting point and another entangled pair as the end point for the count. Then wait a minute between each letter we’ve sent as a reset before we send the next letter and repeat until a word is spelled out.
@@CoolWorldsLab David I'm trying to figure out if you're American with a British accent or British with an American citizenship 😂😂
As an aspiring Astrophysicist, I really enjoy these videos! Neutron Stars are so interesting not only due to their characteristics, but because a select few are very close to that 3 SM boundary. Studying those few could help refine existing boundary estimates, and give a greater understanding on the limits of matter at those insane pressures. Which is super exciting.
They are fascinating laboratories!
Dr. Kipping, you are seriously the best astronomy and physics journalist I have ever come across (and I consume a lot of that content.) Thank you for being the adult in the room about strangelets/strange matter, for the truly curious, the truth is always more interesting than any fiction. Plus, I can pencil cross off the existential dread of the strangelet apocalypse. Every video you release makes my world just a little cooler, thanks!
Man, few creators match the awe and vibe from your videos, excellent work as always!
I like that you give credits for clips and even link UA-cam channels for clips in the video. It is a good example that others on UA-cam should follow.
Just 2 minutes in and this is incredible!! I just love your style in narrating these amazingly crafted videos!
You have a real talent for explaining such complex topics in great detail and the effort you put into making these vids really pays off😄👍 these bizarre cosmic objects are explained so well by you which makes it so much easier to comprehend how this universe works (not an easy task!😂),
Love this content, please keep it up as its greatly appreciated!!! ❤😊
Man this universe is so unbelievablely strange.
👍
David, every time i see one of your videos it makes me smile because I know i learned something new. Thanks for all of your hard work
Thanks for that!
Ahhh, only a Cool Worlds upload can brighten my day this much.
David,
I know you are busy with work as well but if I could be selfish for just second here I wish you would post content more frequently 🙏 ….. I absolutely, thoroughly enjoy your videos! It has reignited my love for all things astronomy ❤ Thank you so very much for this!!!
Edit: Grammar error 😉
Sorry I don't post more often! I always try to prioritize making sure the videos are high quality and it's tricky balancing my time with my job as a professor (especially during finals weeks like now!)
@@CoolWorldsLab I think all he's getting at is that your stuff is awesome and we are desperate for more XD
Maybe the occasional short here and there?
I prefer higher quality to higher frequency. I also think his teaching and research work should take precedent over content creation.
I am, however, in favor of radically unethical experimentation in human cloning and mind copying if it means we no longer have to make the aforementioned trade-offs.
@CoolWorldsLab understandable! But I second the comment, I would love more content (if/when you have time). Your voice and the way you explain things is phenomenal Dave!
Astrology 😂
Finally! I've been waiting for a good explanation of strangelets and why they would be so catastrophic, considering strange quarks aren't all that common in the universe. How could something so uncommon become so prevalent all of a sudden? This video finally explains the mechanism. Yes, I first saw the video about strangelets and strange stars on Kurzgesagt a few years ago, but that just left me with more questions.
They make amazing videos but of course tend not to go very deep into topics
@@CoolWorldsLab are there theories about other heavy quark hadrons that can become metastable if surrounded by more of its kind, like charmed, top or bottom quarks?
I have always found neutron stars more fascinating than black holes because we actually kind of know what is going on inside them. And they do not disappoint. Definitely my favorite objects in space. I just wish we had was a really clear picture of one in multiple wavelengths so we could see the surface.
Same that’s why I was so excited to see today’s video was about neutron stars. They are amazing.
There have been some pictures of neutron stars surface emission by Hubble, and a few years ago, a team of scientists was able to map the surface of one.
@@jhtrq1465 I did a search before I wrote that comment, just to make sure there wasn't something new but I didn't see that. Do you know where you saw it?
@@Nefville I think they were referring to this -
www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-nicer-delivers-best-ever-pulsar-measurements-1st-surface-map/
which is the NICER telescope being used to observe and attain certain measurements of a close by pulsar.
However, to say they actually mapped the surface of a pulsar is misleading, as they observed and mapped temperature hot spots.
P.s. Neutron stars are also my favorite 🥰
Thanks so much David. The podcasts are fascinating too! Nothing else quite like this channel, the level of detail and depth is perfect for curious adults with an existing interest in astronomy and astrophysics. Thanks for spreading the knowledge.
It really means a lot to hear you guys enjoy what we make. It’s a lot of work!
Love all the videos you post! All of them are so fascinating. Keep up the good work.
This explanation of the stability of strange matter, using quantum states and the Exclusion Principle, is much clearer than most other UA-cam videos I've seen on the subject. The transformation of "normal" matter into strange matter is likewise more clearly detailed. I'm a recreational math and physics nerd over 50 and I wish I'd gotten inspired into pursuing number theory and theoretical physics when my brain was younger... but UA-cam didn't exist then. Thank you for these videos.
David your channel is my absolute favorite on the UA-cam platform. Please keep up the great work!
The refinement of these videos is astonishing. I cannot believe you do not have millions of followers. This has become my favorite YT channel bar none. Amazing work, please don’t ever stop!
Always a good day when our guy posts a new video. A great topic too.
Thanks for these videos, David. Considering your high production value I imagine they are quite a bit of work.
Hope you and your family have a great holiday!
Yes getting ready for the break and more story like special episode…
It's a great day! Thanks David.
notification squad! 👊
Love your channel. You have one of the few bright spots on the internet.
Nothing brings my mind back to peace like Professor Kipping's narration of wonder.
I’ve missed your content so much, and this video didn’t disappoint. Glad you’re back, hope it’s nothing more than just a busy time of year 🙏🏼
It's always great to see a new Cool Worlds video. Thanks for putting out the great content that you do.
Thank you for your latest upload, I'm just a simple heating engineer and struggle to understand many subjects surrounding space etc. You have a brilliant ability to simplify this subject so the simple man can even enjoy it. Many thanks 👍❤️🏴
Wonder stuff to listen to while driving to work. Keep up the great work.
New Cool Worlds video, let’s gooo!!
Your work on life’s early start and our late arrival made me consider on the universal scale, 14 billion years may seem like a long time but if stars are going to continue being formed for trillions of years we seem pretty early on the cosmic timeline.
It's inspiring that a channel about hard science can have a sub count this high. Also great podcast. Also I'm relieved I won't be a strangelet.
I so love your content my friend! Thank you so much! Congrats again on all your recent successes. Especially your space observations!
Quark stars exist, but Odo arrested them all.
I can listen to this dude all day!!! Can't get enough of, "COOL WORLD"!
Thanks for this fascinating dive into neutron stars, quark stars, and strangelets! I much prefer this sort of (as you called it) "sober" take on the theory, which overcomes clickbait degeneracy pressure, to move from a metastable sensationalist state to this more informative and stable state.
If you happen have a moment, I did have a couple of questions about the electrical charge of strangelets:
1. Suppose (for the sake of discussion) that a negatively-charged strangelet were here on Earth, somehow. How would it be able to overcome the negative electric charge of the electron cloud surrounding an atom of ordinary matter in order to interact with the neutrons and protons in its nucleus?
2. Suppose a negatively-charged strangelet encounters a neutron. Then (if I am understanding this correctly) one of the neutron's two down quarks will settle into a lower-energy state and become a strange quark, thus converting the neutron into more of the same strange matter that comprises the strangelet. But what happens when the negatively-charged strangelet interacts with a positively-charged proton? Is the charge of the quarks in the proton conserved? And, if not: what happens to the positive charge of the up quarks in the proton--would they eventually increase the charge of the strangelet, until it is no longer negatively charged?
This is one of your very best ones. Great job as always
Love the casual shade thrown at Kurzgesagt. Always here for it.
You've done it again, Dr Kipping. You've blown me away. I can hardly imagine how exciting it must be for your students at Columbia. By the way, how is the search for Exomoons progressing?
Oh my god that closing message almost made me cry
An absolutely wonderful video. Thank you for taking time to create content for us!
Please do a video about the LISA mission (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna), if you ever get a chance!
brilliant as always ! I can't get enough of your utube content. Thanks again for all that you do ;)
Excellent video. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.
This was mindblowing and insanely cool to learn about! I like to take my time and REALLY listen, when it comes to "matters" like these (:P), and I find myself rewinding entire sentences, over and over again - to ask myself; "Did he just say THAT?!" - and I love how learning new stuff makes me feel that way. Like, for instance, that most of the gold on earth is a product of the merger of binary neutron stars.. Like... WHAT?! That is SO DAMN COOL! I love it.
Thank you for the beautiful knowledge. You have humility, and your presentation doesn't require viewers to be at Mensa level to understand - so thank you for putting this knowledge into easily digestible sentences (although, I still pause the video every time I hear a new alien word like "hyperon", lol)
Looking forward to learn more!
I've only recently heard of the Quark Star. It showed up in a curiosity search for ideas related to the Hypothetical Seventh Quark. There's a growing number of Theoretical Physics folk saying things like: "a three dimensional object needs a Seventh Quark to generate a repulsive force keeping matter from collapsing altogether." Or something akin to That. I'm seriously lousy at mathematics, so, I'm unable to work on The quantum physics formulae presented by Such Folk. But, in your dazzling laymen's terminology presentation, here, I think they're on to a similar notion regarding the pressures preventing high mass neutron stars from collapsing into black holes. They're also suggesting that Gravity is An Effect, rather than a Thing and thusly, lacks Any specific Particle of Its own. That The so-called "Graviton" So widely used in science fiction stories, might NOT actually exist in Reality! It Does make sense with this Quark Star theory. Because: if you have gravitons at the pressures suggested for Quark Stars, they'd interact with Quarks striving to avoid being separated from one another! Of course, most of what I understand about This sort of thing IS mainly its use As plot devices in science fiction stories!🤪🥴
Do Gravitons, Actually, Exist? And, If So; Do they have any effects on the formation of a Quark Star? Because: the stuff I've stumbled across in this subject sounds like Gravitons would cause high mass neutron stars to Form into Black Holes instead of creating Quark Matter!
And, they also suggest that everything is composed of "Quantum Fields" something akin to String Theory! 🥴
Whatever, it's a fascinating exploration, to be Sure 💖
Even though I only understand a tenth, if that, of what David is talking about I always find his videos so fascinating.
Always excited when I see an upload by you 😎
Easily the most fair exchange for 26 minutes of my life ever. Brilliant presentation!
Yes! I hear you man. I don’t mind being alone either. A learned state of being. I love your science content, but I will admit to losing hope for/in humanity. I got it back listening to Agro Squirrel narrates. He narrates short Sci-Fi stories that gives me hope for humanity again.
Stay safe
i regrettably always forget about this channel but its always a great surprise to see space science daddy
Imagine what school/uni would be like if all your professors where as inspirational as Sir Coolworlds 😊
I spend most of my days terrified that this is it, I’m gonna walk out my garage and look to the left to see a horizon being turned into a grey goo. Clouds falling from the sky turned from white fluff to grey glop falling into trees that crumble and splash into the same grey goo as it engulfs all the houses in front of me everywhere, everything turning into grey goo. I see a young couple pushing a stroller with 2 Great Danes that are freaking out turned into grey goo as they scream no more. Then it’s my turn as the last thing I see is my legs splash away and I fall into the goo and it all goes grey. I don’t die but become one with the cosmo and all that was consumed by the strange matter. Any second now earth will smack into an errant piece of strange matter ejected from a neutron star 2.3 billion years ago.
It’s always a good day when Cool Worlds uploads!
If nobody else will do it, i will. This episode was very strange.
UA-cam would be empty without Dr Kipping and this channel.
We’re all a little strange…
@@CoolWorldsLabspeak for yourself. I've given up pretending, I'm very strange. Neutron and quark stars are something I'd wanted to learn more about (just for the hell of it, of no practical use to a bioscientist) and you are one of the better physics communicators.
those quarks making buddies looked like a magic trick 🧙🏻♂️✨
Love your videos! The combination of great science, great philosophy and great production value is top tier. Thanks so much for making these
I was curious, I love the poster on your wall on the left side of the screen at 0:41 and I'd love to get one of my own! Is there anything you can tell me about it to point me in the right direction to get one? I've been obsessing over it for a while and just keep forgetting to ask
It’s an art piece I got from art.com a decade ago. I can’t remember how I stumbled across it but just looked through many pages
@@CoolWorldsLabtysm! Now its time to obsessively scroll through what they have
"Clearly, negatively charged strange matter would have disastrous consequences for any ordinary matter it touches. It probably could not be tolerated at any level on earth or in ordinary stellar environments."
I loved the video. Thank you for sharing this wonderful and fascinating video. It really made my day so much better.
excited to see this video, thanks for your hard work!!
I don’t understand a tenth of this, but Dr. Kipping’s voice is so…mesmerizing I keep listening.
It is astonishing that here is so much detail about the inner layers of such remote objects
Just want to say thanks for your channel. There are a lot of channels out here posing as science astronomy channels, but many range from poorly researched to flat out pseudoscience. It's awesome that passionate academics, like yourselves, are putting these out for us lay people. The science community really needs to do more of this, in general, for all fields.
Thanks so much, Tim. Doing both isn’t easy but I think such voices are important
Personally, I really wonder what we might find in the 'dark' areas of space.
The dark, frozen places you might find, and the curious things going on deep within them, at or near their cores.
If only I lived in a society like in Star Trek. Exploring, up close and personal, the varying oddities of the universe would've suited me well.
you're an amazing orator and educator. i was always interested in astronomy, but i know way more about it thanks to your content.
Another brilliant episode...I love these programmes by David and the crew..
I particularly enjoyed the 1G drive episode....
Keep up the great work 👍
My first visit here. 42 seconds in. Subscribed. Original content, bearable voice, but above all, decent quality of science.
Thank you for this beautiful, amazing, deeply informative, well-articulated, well-organized, and well-edited video.
Please keep keeping it real. No sensational click bait. Please don't change your style. I've learned a lot from you professor Kipping. ❤
Another wonderous video.. I loved every minute. Thank you for what you do!
Always anticipating your videos, keep up the great work! hope you join Threads too
This was a really interesting video. The worldbuilding for a sci-fi story I'm working on uses positively-charged strangelets as a super dense material for various uses and specifically bans the production of negatively-charge strangelets because of the danger of converting everything if any got out. It was great to hear a super concise description of how they would work theoretically.
Prof. Kipping, your hypothesis about quark stars being an inevitable part of the evolution of neutron stars is logically sound from a material science perspective. As temperature (thermal energy) is radiated away density increases. From that, it is reasonable to conclude that as neutron stars cool and their density increases this leads to a slow progression of quark core formation as a neutron star cools. I hope you don't mind me giving my thoughts on your hypothesis Prof. Kipping, I love your content and your work, especially your work on exomoons. Please keep up the great work.
But it is not. Degeneracy pressure has to do with the physical size of quantum states, and is not sensitive to temperature. When a degenerate object cools to 0K, it’s the same size with a completely full Fermi sea.
@DrDeuteron degeneracy pressure isn't affected by temperature. You are correct. However, it is affected by density, which in turn is affected by temperature. So, while temperature has no direct effect on the degeneracy pressure, the density increase as a result of the dissipation of thermal energy does have a direct effect on the degeneracy pressure. The cycle is scientifically sound, somewhat unprovable, like string theory or many worlds, but scientifically, it is sound.
This is one of my favorite channels. The chill, the science and the handsome dude on screen makes my day.
Best description of quark stars and strange matter that I've seen.
"Nature's imagination far exceeds our own" is a statement that is as scary as interesting/awe inspiring. That statement deserves its own Tshirt -> just think of the conversations it would start.
Absolutely loved this video!
Love you videos! Even though I am already deeply fascinated by the stars, space-time, yadda, yadda.. But, you always have me gripping with even more intrigue, every single time. Everything blends so well. Hope all is well! And thanks again!
Man this UA-cam channel is the best. The contents you upload are so precious for nerds like us. I wish we can physically meet sometimes
This all suggests that you could get the most impressive Nobel ever, for proving that we'll all be dead soon.
Neutronium is a stupid name. It should be called, "Unobtanium."
Not because we will never have the ability to obtain the smallest particle, but so that we can some day obtain a sample.
Science if filled with examples of nomenclature where things have been given names because we thought they had properties that they did not turn out to actually have. For example, the term "atom" was used to describe the most fundamental particle of matter, something that we later learned it was not.
It stands to reason, if we call it unobtanium, we will someday have the ability to obtain it.
Brilliant video
Sensational, as always. The best astronomy/cosmology channel on youtube by a country mile. Thanks so much.
Much appreciate another fine and fairly cutting edge video (at least in lay terms), and thank you for not going too far off on the strange matter red-herring when discussing the stellar journey on becoming a black hole.
“That which does not Degenerate you, makes you Stranger”
One of your best videos! Which is saying something as you consistently deliver outstanding discussions and ideas on the amazing world of astrophysics (and beyond).
Thank you for not sensationalizing this topic and exploring it in a professional manner.
Keep the good work going David 👍🏻
Just discovered you. This was wonderful.
Oh you’re in for a treat with our back catalog!
Oh you’re in for a treat with our back catalog!
~ Quarks are like the navigators of Preons.
There are six Preons which correspond to each of the eternal questions: Who/What, Where/When, How/Why.
Preons expand from these six questions to everything else, just like the big bang expanded to form all the energy & matter that encompasses us.
The navigation of Preons corresponds with Quarks in that Quarks determine which characteristics the Preons follow.
~ Take for example, 'What', & that What is a spoon.
So now the next question arises, What kind of spoon?, since the expansion of the question of a spoon requires a definite answer because there are many kinds of spoons, styles, & designs.
Therefore since Quarks are also six in quantity, Charm/Up/Top & Strange/Down/Bottom, they eventually constitute neutrons, protons, & electrons, which eventually become atoms, & eventually the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements.
Thus the Quarks ultimately determine what kind of spoon, whether ugly & made of something awful, or a beautiful spoon made of silver, & an ornate design/style.
With the ugly spoon being directed by the Strange/Down/Bottom quarks, or the beautiful spoon being directed by the Charm/Up/Top Quarks.
~ Just remember that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, so the ugly spoon may be beautiful to someone, while the beautiful spoon may be ugly to someone else.
Albeit, relevent & relative resonance & entanglement ultimately determine this outcome.
~ In conclusion, Quark Stars are the same but in a macroscopic cosmic scale.
An interesting question for sure, hopefully theoretical advances in future will help shed more light on which scenarios are the most likely here.
Thank you Dr. Kipping your channel is absolutely mind boggling!
Always very interesting. I'm curious: Given neutron degeneracy pressure is a great deal higher than that for electrons I presume it follows quark delegacy pressure is very much higher again - I don't know! If that is the case wouldn't that mean the amount of mass required to finally collapse quark matter might be so enormous that smaller black holes would be impossible? There would seem to be a number of testable implications for such a line of reasoning. eg Does the existence of stellar mass black holes rule out the existence of quark matter?*
*Alternately if quark degeneracy pressure isn't a great deal higher than that for neutrons, why not? And if so that would suggest that any quark star would be teetering so close to the edge of collapsing in to a Black hole that we should see evidence for 'heavy' neutron stars winking out of existence as they spin down.
10-¹⁰ _Lambda hyperon_ -- don't cry because it's over, smile because it happened 🥹
Someone just recommended this channel to me on Reddit now im hooked
“I’m Mr. Frundles!” 😃
Nicely done!
⭐
There is an answer to why a neutron, all by itself in a low energy environment - decays in less than 15 minutes?
Thank you for this video Prof. Kipping, it is full of thoughtful propositions - and I'm slow in grasping both the meaning and the consequences of something like "strange matter".
Greetings from the UK,
Anthony
What’s the question? Why do neutrons beta decay?
"thank you for uploading these videos. Even if I'm having a hard night, I just put a relaxing astronomy video on and listen. It always makes my nights go much easier.
Thank you!!!"
Thank you for approaching this discussion in a factual manner and not - as you stated - sensationalising it as UA-cam does. This was very interesting, educational, and thought-provoking. Thank you. Subscribed.
LOL... "factual" manner about a purely theoretical/hypothetical unproveable "speculation"... BELIEVE THE SCIENCE... 😉... Star Trek is real... in someone's mind...
Neutron stars!!! My favorite! Thanks for another great video.
Never heard of Quark stars before this, fascinating
Great video, clearly explains the science without relying too much on analogies. I’ve heard about quark stars before but hardly ever seen any good explanations- thank you. (But does quark rhyme with hark or hawk?!)
Thank you David for your insightful and indeed thoughtful content. We can always rely on Cool Worlds for, as you put it, a sober look a subject. Your lack of sensationalism is sought-after and appreciated. 🤓
“Nature’s imagination far exceeds our own.” I love this quote.
It’s just nice when instead of destroying the universe, astrophysics ends up making us feel a little more safe and secure in a cosmos that doesn’t like us. Thanks for another amazing episode.
Thank you so much for getting me thinking about this. We've popped down this intriguing cosmic rabbit hole now, let's see where it takes us.
Could you please do something on JMBOs and their significance now in the scheme of things? Could they also have moons?