She was quite a strong broad, and actually lived quite a long life for the period. She survived smallpox in her 30s, suffered several bouts of severe food poisoning, and those beauty products of the time.
@@christinakaur8766 Food poisoning is rarely mentioned as cause of death in discussions of medieval or late medieval diseases. But I think it was likely a bigger killer than the infamous plague outbreaks. Tainted food is a 24/7 threat of death, never waiting for an outbreak or pandemic to happen.
I'd like to give special acknowledgement to the visuals provided in this presentation. So many I'd never seen! When I read the title I'd thought there would be little I did not already know regarding this often discussed subject. But Allan proved to bring fresh (to me) and fascinating insight! Thank you, Allen!
Thank you, that was really interesting and a well-told story. If she really hadn't looked into a mirror for twenty years, then no wonder she was suddenly depressed/ She had such a dangerous and frightening childhood that as she aged, it must have weighed more and more heavily on her.
My favourite Queen, after our own late Queen of course. I love the images of her in those wonderful clothes and her put downs to those presumptuous men are brilliant. What a star. Bring on the next episode. 🎉 Thanks Allan. ❤
Thank you, Allan! Never enough about this complex, fascinating Monarch. To say I was slightly overwhelmed the first time I paid my respects to Elizabeth I at Westminster, would be an understatement. I’d read about and admired her from a young age. Had the pleasure of another visit to Westminster Abbey with my late mother six years later.
Regarding Elizabeth I death, I always wondered if arsenic or lead may have caused much of her physical suffering. During that time both were considered medicinal in nature and would have been found in her white makeup as she was trying to hide her smallpox scars. Please correct me if I am wrong.
Grief. I believe that as she grieved the death of her closest friend of 56 yrs., confident and inner circle cousin, Lady Katherine Howard (wife of Earl of Nottingham, grand-niece of Mary Boleyn) only a month prior, she finally took - literally - a look at herself. These shocks were a recipe for depression, and not wanting to be around for more sadness. Thus, she willed herself to let go. To me its simple. AND. She did it her way. Good for her. P.S. Ahh. Just heard your similar opinion. Best to you from Oklahoma, USA.
Queen Elizabeth I’s reign was considered to be a time of stability for most of her subjects. Not only was she the last monarch of the illustrious Tudor dynasty that changed the face of English history, but she set a template for English and, later, British queens to follow. What is interesting about Queen Elizabeth I’s death was the smooth and rather peaceful transition from her queenship to that of her Scottish and Stuart cousin, King James VI and I to the English throne without a single shed of blood. The idea of war and chaos was, indeed, a real fear in the minds of the English public as there was uncertainty about who would succeed the ailing queen in the early 17th century as she had no royal progeny of her own. Over the centuries, comparisons were made between Queen Elizabeth and her immediate successors of the Stuart dynasty which enabled Elizabeth I to be seen in a flattering light in contrast to the less than stellar acts of King James I and especially, Charles I, who literally received the axe at the end of the English Civil War. Excellent video Dr. Barton. Please continue with your content and research. Cheers!
She actually left England completely isolated in the world scale of politics and James had to get to working to immediately try and fix international relations to try and get trade and colonialism going to increase funds for England
And I actually just listened to a really good podcast from not just the Tudors that talks about how the English people actually viewed Elizabeth, and for the later parts of her reign, her citizens anxiously viewed her as an undecisive and aging woman who refused to name a successor
@eugeniasyro5774 Virginia was named for Queen Elizabeth I of England, who was known as the Virgin Queen. Historians think the English adventurer Sir Walter Raleigh suggested the name about 1584. That year, Elizabeth gave Raleigh permission to colonize the Virginia region.
Thank you Allan, so interesting. Wonder what she saw in her bed chamber that so terrified her. Poor woman, she didn’t have an easy life really. Did she tell anyone do we know. I mean, we can guess till the cows come home but - could it be she saw her own death, could it be she saw the death of her mother or that of her cousin, Mary. Many more guesses I think. She was wonderful for the age she was born into to. The art work was just astounding! Thank you 🙏🙏🙏👵🇦🇺
Thank you again for this history lesson. I am very interested in the Tudor dynasty from Henry VII onwards. It is nice to hear these history lessons from you again. It brings everything back to the surface. I would really appreciate if you would like to tell us something about Henry VII founder of the Tudors. I think he was a special man. Martha
@9:18 - I saw the coin (a bit earlier in the presentation) and thought it was a rather magnificent coin but then the thought popped into my head that maybe the coin also contained lead and that if it did - then Elizabeth the first may have been poisoned without every even knowing it which would tie in to the part about the coin being cursed as in yesteryear (as well as today sometimes) people believe certain places and/or things could be cursed. Which really means - there usually is just something odd about a place or thing that gives people the idea that that place or thing is cursed. Anyway - still watching. An excellent video so far and I look forwards to viewing the rest of the video. Thanks ever so much for posting the video.
Your knowledge and ability to present content in a very smart and articulate manner is great Allan! I want to mimic you and make high-quality history/science/archaeology videos. Keep up the great work Allan!
Sad and fascinating. I wonder what she saw in her bed that made her want to avoid it so much? Thank you for consistently creating great content.Can you please remind me what the intro and outro music is? I want to 'Rock out'
That is a very interesting question. I don’t wish to speculate as I don’t have ample evidence to back such theories, however it would be interesting nonetheless if such material were available for research.
@@allanbarton That sounds intriguing. I wonder what sort of nightmares might have plagued her? I am certain that there might have been recollections of her traumatic past that may have resurfaced in some of those nocturnal episodes of terror. Very interesting topic and I cannot wait for your next episode regarding Queen Elizabeth I’s public funeral. Take care and stay healthy.
Fun fact: Legally, Elizabeth died in 1602. In those days March 25 was considered the first day of the new year. So, she technically expired on New Year's Eve 1602. However, the current custom among academics is to use January 1st as the dating for the new year in chronicling history. Thus, while almost all modern histories and biographies assign her death to 1603, the legal documents and contemporary chronicles of the event all refer to her death as occurring on the final day of 1602.
She did - the change of calendars would make a really interesting video as people do find it confusing. A lot of early 18th century documents and monuments use the formula 1702/03 (example) for the dates up to Lady day. It has always been one of my hobby horses that new year makes more sense really in March when everything is coming alive again.
It's incredibly hard to believe that a woman who was known for her vanity did not look into a mirror for 20 years. Perhaps her vanity prevented her from wanting to know the truth.
I truly enjoy listening to your podcast. I am sorry that I cannot become a Patreon member. It seems like many of the sites on UA-cam that I follow are all going down the Patreon path. I'm a senior, limited funds. I cannot afford to support all my subscriptions.
As usual an an excellent and measured study of a historical icon we feel we knew…. Can’t wait for the funeral video and perhaps some details how Mary I could end up I’m such a sub-par position -literally under the tomb of her sister. Surely, Mary could have been afforded her own final resting place ? Thank you for your exemplary work.
It is surprising, though only Henry VII of all the Tudors managed to commission a decent monument and even that was finished in the next reign. Henry VIII's and Edward VI's graves were entirely lost until the 19th century. Mary's grave was apparently marked by a pile of old altar stones, the irony!
I can't help but feel that the lead-based cosmetics that she used to keep up a youthful appearance (especially to cover up the scars from her bout of smallpox) contributed to her being poisoned over time until it finally built up in her system. She may have been more heavy-handed in the use of it in her 40's and later on.
Thanks Alan. I note you steer clear of the theory that Elizabeth I may have died from some form of heavy metal poisoning due to her heavy use of contemporary make up products. Was that deliberate?
🇬🇧 From what I've learned from books, Elizabeth ate fairly well for those times, although she did have a very sweet tooth & ate quite alot of sugar But despite rumours of her black teeth, rotted by sugar consumption, i believe other accounts that she used a tooth preparation applied with a twig brush (?) & cleaned her teeth after her meals. She hated smells & body odour & Washed herself regularly & used spike oil of Lavender on her body. She was very disciplined in her life & her health regimes. I personally think her wearing of white lead in her face make up couldnt have been good for her & must have been absorbed into her body over time. However after a lifetime of being a woman of power & rule Being ruthless for the sake of the crown & England, once old age crept up on her, it depressed her, losing her looks, all her old favourites gone, no children or grandchildren around her to carry on the Tudor dynasty must have pained her in her old age. But! She was determined to the end! Dying by her own control & Terms, she would fight it until her strength gave out! Its why she was the Greatest Queen in British History.. Id even say the Greatest Monarch who ever lived! If there is an afterlife then i hope fervently, she found her mother waiting and a more favourable father too. All her lost loves & old friends & made peace with her earthly enemies. We, especially in Britain, were lucky to have lived during the reign of another Elizabeth (2) A long long reign, a life of 96yrs & a most beloved monarch of her people, the Commonwealth & the World! A lucky name for a monarch - Elizabeth.. both damn fine women Both, non finer nor fairer! I loved my Queen & was born in 1953 the year she was crowned. Sadly, Charles hasnt been a happy Or lucky name for a monarch! Thank you for a comprehensive video in such a short video i enjoyed it very much Peace 🇬🇧👧 PS I agree with this narrator that Elizabeth never got over her guilt in beheading Mary Queen of Scots. She said it was a mortal sin to kill a God annointed Monarch, a Queen. I think it was contrition on her part to try & attone for her crime against Mary, to appoint her son James V1th of Scotland to also be King James 1st of England as her successor .
I think it was a combination of things - close friends who were her contemporaries dying, guilt ovet Mary Stuart's execution, depression over the realization that her best years were behind her, and an aging, weakened immune system that, combined with her giving up her will to keep going, allowed her to sicken with some kind of physical illness (sounds like tonsilltis in a pre-antibiotic world).
In the old days, when someone's health "broke down" without further explanation or obvious cause, it's quite likely that congestive heart failure is involved. Her condition would have been worsened by tonsilitis or throat cancer. The mental shocks and depression probably set off a chain reaction within her physical body that sent her health crashing.
She knew she was dying. She always felt bad of queen Mary being executed..an anointed queen. Thank god ..no dementia, no Alzheimer. Great wit to the end.
Sir, you may not agree,but, the 1998 biography of Elizabeth I, written by Alison Weir, in its last chapter, details the final months, then days, of her life.😮😮😮😮
That’s a bit of a myth, her decline in health was too quick for lead poisoning to be the cause. I don’t imagine it helped her health, though everyone agreed she was very robust until February of 1603.
Thank you Dr Allan. Great Video. If Henry VIII invented England, The Queen Elizabeth I amplified it. It is very difficult imagine two others Monarchs of equivalent and well succeed grandeur in the Country's History, even in other country with an analogue History.
Considering how poisonous her makeup was, it’s amazing that she lived as long as she did.
Indeed, and then to die of something completely different!
She was quite a strong broad, and actually lived quite a long life for the period. She survived smallpox in her 30s, suffered several bouts of severe food poisoning, and those beauty products of the time.
Right after a wild she look mess up
@@christinakaur8766 Food poisoning is rarely mentioned as cause of death in discussions of medieval or late medieval diseases. But I think it was likely a bigger killer than the infamous plague outbreaks. Tainted food is a 24/7 threat of death, never waiting for an outbreak or pandemic to happen.
I'd like to give special acknowledgement to the visuals provided in this presentation. So many I'd never seen! When I read the title I'd thought there would be little I did not already know regarding this often discussed subject. But Allan proved to bring fresh (to me) and fascinating insight! Thank you, Allen!
Thank you, that was really interesting and a well-told story. If she really hadn't looked into a mirror for twenty years, then no wonder she was suddenly depressed/ She had such a dangerous and frightening childhood that as she aged, it must have weighed more and more heavily on her.
It was pretty appalling the era she lived through - what a remarkable survivor she was.
You
My favourite Queen, after our own late Queen of course. I love the images of her in those wonderful clothes and her put downs to those presumptuous men are brilliant. What a star. Bring on the next episode. 🎉 Thanks Allan. ❤
She really held her own against the men. What a remarkable person she was in every respect.
Your favorite queen scares me
Look at the pearls, jewellery. Incredible.
Thank you, Allan! Never enough about this complex, fascinating Monarch. To say I was slightly overwhelmed the first time I paid my respects to Elizabeth I at Westminster, would be an understatement. I’d read about and admired her from a young age. Had the pleasure of another visit to Westminster Abbey with my late mother six years later.
Thanks Allan
poor woman - i hope she was able to find consolation in her faith
So do I, she had witnessed plenty of horrors and had to make many a difficult decision.
Regarding Elizabeth I death, I always wondered if arsenic or lead may have caused much of her physical suffering. During that time both were considered medicinal in nature and would have been found in her white makeup as she was trying to hide her smallpox scars. Please correct me if I am wrong.
It’s going to be a educational and fun October with The Antiquary!
Thank you for sharing this!! I love stories about Queen Elizabeth I ❤️
Glad you enjoyed it!
As always.....excellent ❤❤
Thank you so much 😀
Grief. I believe that as she grieved the death of her closest friend of 56 yrs., confident and inner circle cousin, Lady Katherine Howard (wife of Earl of Nottingham, grand-niece of Mary Boleyn) only a month prior, she finally took - literally - a look at herself. These shocks were a recipe for depression, and not wanting to be around for more sadness. Thus, she willed herself to let go. To me its simple. AND. She did it her way. Good for her.
P.S. Ahh. Just heard your similar opinion. Best to you from Oklahoma, USA.
Queen Elizabeth I’s reign was considered to be a time of stability for most of her subjects. Not only was she the last monarch of the illustrious Tudor dynasty that changed the face of English history, but she set a template for English and, later, British queens to follow. What is interesting about Queen Elizabeth I’s death was the smooth and rather peaceful transition from her queenship to that of her Scottish and Stuart cousin, King James VI and I to the English throne without a single shed of blood. The idea of war and chaos was, indeed, a real fear in the minds of the English public as there was uncertainty about who would succeed the ailing queen in the early 17th century as she had no royal progeny of her own. Over the centuries, comparisons were made between Queen Elizabeth and her immediate successors of the Stuart dynasty which enabled Elizabeth I to be seen in a flattering light in contrast to the less than stellar acts of King James I and especially, Charles I, who literally received the axe at the end of the English Civil War. Excellent video Dr. Barton. Please continue with your content and research. Cheers!
She actually left England completely isolated in the world scale of politics and James had to get to working to immediately try and fix international relations to try and get trade and colonialism going to increase funds for England
And I actually just listened to a really good podcast from not just the Tudors that talks about how the English people actually viewed Elizabeth, and for the later parts of her reign, her citizens anxiously viewed her as an undecisive and aging woman who refused to name a successor
Hello, Allan! My home state, in America, was named for Elizabeth I. An amazing lady worthy of remembrance.
There is no state named Elizabeth
@@eugeniasyro5774he means Virginia… for the “Virgin Queen” context clues
@eugeniasyro5774 Virginia was named for Queen Elizabeth I of England, who was known as the Virgin Queen. Historians think the English adventurer Sir Walter Raleigh suggested the name about 1584. That year, Elizabeth gave Raleigh permission to colonize the Virginia region.
@eugeniasyro5774 Virginia is named after Queen Elizabeth I the virgin queen.
Thank you Allan, so interesting. Wonder what she saw in her bed chamber that so terrified her. Poor woman, she didn’t have an easy life really. Did she tell anyone do we know. I mean, we can guess till the cows come home but - could it be she saw her own death, could it be she saw the death of her mother or that of her cousin, Mary. Many more guesses I think. She was wonderful for the age she was born into to. The art work was just astounding! Thank you 🙏🙏🙏👵🇦🇺
Definitely one of the most fascinating figures in history! Thanks for your work/video :)
My pleasure! Thanks for taking the time to comment.
Many thanks once again
My pleasure!
Elizabeth has always fascinated me. Thank you for this!
Thank you again for this history lesson. I am very interested in the Tudor dynasty from Henry VII onwards. It is nice to hear these history lessons from you again. It brings everything back to the surface. I would really appreciate if you would like to tell us something about Henry VII founder of the Tudors. I think he was a special man. Martha
A video on Henry Tudor would be great - I will do one soon!
Brilliant, Allan! Looking forward to Saturday's video...
Another excellent presentation with wonderful paintings, though it left me with a feeling of sadness.
Thank you, Allan!
My pleasure!
Outstanding! 💙💚💜
Glad you enjoyed it!
Thank you. First I've heard of all possible causes of her death put in one place. Appreciated!
Nice vídeo, Allan thank you
This was amazing!.Well presented. Lots of information i had not known before.
@9:18 - I saw the coin (a bit earlier in the presentation) and thought it was a rather magnificent coin but then the thought popped into my head that maybe the coin also contained lead and that if it did - then Elizabeth the first may have been poisoned without every even knowing it which would tie in to the part about the coin being cursed as in yesteryear (as well as today sometimes) people believe certain places and/or things could be cursed. Which really means - there usually is just something odd about a place or thing that gives people the idea that that place or thing is cursed. Anyway - still watching. An excellent video so far and I look forwards to viewing the rest of the video. Thanks ever so much for posting the video.
Your knowledge and ability to present content in a very smart and articulate manner is great Allan! I want to mimic you and make high-quality history/science/archaeology videos. Keep up the great work Allan!
You should give it a go David. Thank you for all your kind support, I feel very blessed to have an audience of such appreciative people.
Very interesting video.
Another EXCELLENT video, Allan!! 👍❤💞
Thanks Allen, great video.
You are very welcome
Thank you Allan, a very interesting video.
My pleasure! Thanks for taking the time to comment.
Sad and fascinating. I wonder what she saw in her bed that made her want to avoid it so much? Thank you for consistently creating great content.Can you please remind me what the intro and outro music is? I want to 'Rock out'
That is a very interesting question. I don’t wish to speculate as I don’t have ample evidence to back such theories, however it would be interesting nonetheless if such material were available for research.
I suspect she was plagued by nightmares. It is called the Old Tower Inn - it's a lovely piece.
@@allanbarton That sounds intriguing. I wonder what sort of nightmares might have plagued her? I am certain that there might have been recollections of her traumatic past that may have resurfaced in some of those nocturnal episodes of terror. Very interesting topic and I cannot wait for your next episode regarding Queen Elizabeth I’s public funeral. Take care and stay healthy.
Thank you!
I believe she knew she was dying; Perhaps she saw her bed as signifying her death, i.e. her death bed, to be avoided as long as possible.
Fun fact: Legally, Elizabeth died in 1602. In those days March 25 was considered the first day of the new year. So, she technically expired on New Year's Eve 1602. However, the current custom among academics is to use January 1st as the dating for the new year in chronicling history. Thus, while almost all modern histories and biographies assign her death to 1603, the legal documents and contemporary chronicles of the event all refer to her death as occurring on the final day of 1602.
She did - the change of calendars would make a really interesting video as people do find it confusing. A lot of early 18th century documents and monuments use the formula 1702/03 (example) for the dates up to Lady day. It has always been one of my hobby horses that new year makes more sense really in March when everything is coming alive again.
I am always pleased when the year 1752 comes around in extensive parish register research!
It's incredibly hard to believe that a woman who was known for her vanity did not look into a mirror for 20 years. Perhaps her vanity prevented her from wanting to know the truth.
I truly enjoy listening to your podcast. I am sorry that I cannot become a Patreon member. It seems like many of the sites on UA-cam that I follow are all going down the Patreon path. I'm a senior, limited funds. I cannot afford to support all my subscriptions.
Just commenting, liking and enjoying the content is support enough. Thank you!
Thank you!
You're welcome!
Excellent thank you 👏
My pleasure, thank you.
Thank you! 😊
You're welcome 😊
As usual an an excellent and measured study of a historical icon we feel we knew….
Can’t wait for the funeral video and perhaps some details how Mary I could end up I’m such a sub-par position -literally under the tomb of her
sister. Surely, Mary could have been afforded her own final resting place ?
Thank you for your exemplary work.
It is surprising, though only Henry VII of all the Tudors managed to commission a decent monument and even that was finished in the next reign. Henry VIII's and Edward VI's graves were entirely lost until the 19th century. Mary's grave was apparently marked by a pile of old altar stones, the irony!
@@allanbarton Its even more surprising if we take into account how image conscious the Tudors were.
Thank you for the reply.
I wonder if she gave the Throne to James because of her feelings of guilt at having signing the execution warrant of her cousin Mary?
he was the nearest heir
fascinating xxxx
I can't help but feel that the lead-based cosmetics that she used to keep up a youthful appearance (especially to cover up the scars from her bout of smallpox) contributed to her being poisoned over time until it finally built up in her system. She may have been more heavy-handed in the use of it in her 40's and later on.
I don't think we will ever know, it is possible - but the evidence does suggest other causes for her death.
She had something..charm..personality, smarts..something. The Great Queen Elizabeth the 1. Remarkable women.
I bet all that lead and mercury she was applying to her face after it was disfigured by smallpox didn’t do her health any favors.
Very probably.
Captain Picard appears to be a relative of the Earl of Nottingham. 😊
Thanks Alan. I note you steer clear of the theory that Elizabeth I may have died from some form of heavy metal poisoning due to her heavy use of contemporary make up products. Was that deliberate?
Yes it was, I think the evidence suggests otherwise.
🇬🇧 From what I've learned from books, Elizabeth ate fairly well for those times, although she did have a very sweet tooth & ate quite alot of sugar
But despite rumours of her black teeth, rotted by sugar consumption, i believe other accounts that she used a tooth preparation applied with a twig brush (?) & cleaned her teeth after her meals.
She hated smells & body odour &
Washed herself regularly & used spike oil of Lavender on her body.
She was very disciplined in her life & her health regimes.
I personally think her wearing of white lead in her face make up couldnt have been good for her
& must have been absorbed into her body over time.
However after a lifetime of being a woman of power & rule
Being ruthless for the sake of the crown & England, once old age crept up on her, it depressed her, losing her looks, all her old favourites gone, no children or grandchildren around her to carry on the Tudor dynasty must have pained her in her old age.
But! She was determined to the end! Dying by her own control &
Terms, she would fight it until her strength gave out!
Its why she was the Greatest Queen in British History..
Id even say the Greatest Monarch who ever lived!
If there is an afterlife then i hope fervently, she found her mother waiting and a more favourable father too.
All her lost loves & old friends & made peace with her earthly enemies.
We, especially in Britain, were lucky to have lived during the reign of another Elizabeth (2)
A long long reign, a life of 96yrs
& a most beloved monarch of her people, the Commonwealth & the World!
A lucky name for a monarch -
Elizabeth.. both damn fine women
Both, non finer nor fairer!
I loved my Queen & was born in 1953 the year she was crowned.
Sadly, Charles hasnt been a happy
Or lucky name for a monarch!
Thank you for a comprehensive video in such a short video i enjoyed it very much
Peace
🇬🇧👧
PS I agree with this narrator that Elizabeth never got over her guilt in beheading Mary Queen of Scots.
She said it was a mortal sin to kill a God annointed Monarch, a Queen.
I think it was contrition on her part to try & attone for her crime against Mary, to appoint her son James V1th of Scotland to also be King James 1st of England as her successor .
I had read that she stood for long hours. Almost that she was fighting Death the only way she knew how, on her feet. Love QEI
I think it was a combination of things - close friends who were her contemporaries dying, guilt ovet Mary Stuart's execution, depression over the realization that her best years were behind her, and an aging, weakened immune system that, combined with her giving up her will to keep going, allowed her to sicken with some kind of physical illness (sounds like tonsilltis in a pre-antibiotic world).
I can imagine Elizabeth I being tired of it all and was ready for god to take her home and god obliging.
In the old days, when someone's health "broke down" without further explanation or obvious cause, it's quite likely that congestive heart failure is involved. Her condition would have been worsened by tonsilitis or throat cancer.
The mental shocks and depression probably set off a chain reaction within her physical body that sent her health crashing.
She was quite close to her mother’s side of the family.
Someone suggested a poisoning by lead and arsenic contained in the makeup.
That’s a modern theory that lacks any real evidence.
She knew she was dying. She always felt bad of queen Mary being executed..an anointed queen. Thank god ..no dementia, no Alzheimer. Great wit to the end.
Stability..yes.
No propaganda is more powerful than Tudor propaganda
They were the masters of it.
Sir, you may not agree,but, the 1998 biography of Elizabeth I, written by Alison Weir, in its last chapter, details the final months, then days, of her life.😮😮😮😮
I love Hever castle
Lord, I know it was the fashion back then, but those clothes were horrendous! And they probably would have sworn, that they look good.
Streptococcus infection? 😢
Sounds manic or chronic depression to me such a shame
I thoughtElizabeth died from lead poisoning as her white makeup was made with lead.
That’s a bit of a myth, her decline in health was too quick for lead poisoning to be the cause. I don’t imagine it helped her health, though everyone agreed she was very robust until February of 1603.
Elizabeth became queen in November 1558?
Yes.
Quinsy?
Look at his pearls…ha
bump
I can't believe that they wear dresses like that. It was not beautiful at all
Thank you Dr Allan. Great Video. If Henry VIII invented England, The Queen Elizabeth I amplified it. It is very difficult imagine two others Monarchs of equivalent and well succeed grandeur in the Country's History, even in other country with an analogue History.
Indeed, they were both extraordinary. Great survivors in a difficult age.