Epigenetics
Вставка
- Опубліковано 31 тра 2024
- Paul Andersen explains the concepts of genetics. He starts with a brief discussion of the nature vs. nurture debate and shows how epigenetics blurs this distinction. He explains how differentiation of cell types results from the inactivation of certain genes. He describes the three processes of epigenetics: DNA methylation, Histone acteylation and microRNA.
Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: www.freesound.org/people/Cosmi...
Creative Commons Atribution License
All images are either Public Domain or Creative Commons Attribution Licenses:
"File:DNA Methylation.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 2, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA....
"File:Earrr.JPG." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 1, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ear....
"File:Epigenetic Mechanisms.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 3, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Epi....
"File:Hela Cells Image 3709-PH.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 2, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hel....
"File:HeLa Cells Stained with Hoechst 33258.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 2, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HeL....
"File:MiRNA.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 3, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MiR....
GM, Cooper. English: Histone Acetylation, January 13, 2013. Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK.... commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
kumar35885. Simple DNA for Illustrations, n.d. openclipart.org/detail/58543/d....
Rosa, Gilberto Santa. Beautiful Lips., March 25, 2006. originally posted to Flickr as Lips ...............DSCF6115a_picnikbw/soft. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
SheLovesGhosts. Deutsch: Zentrale Heterochromie: Grüne Iris, Um Die Pupille Herum Jedoch Ein Braun-gelber Ring, March 5, 2009. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
![[柴犬ASMR]曼玉Manyu&小白Bai 毛发护理Spa asmr](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/0TsXQ7z2Dh4/mqdefault.jpg)
Between your visuals and the way you simplify your teachings, it makes it very simple and easy to understand concepts that I was previously struggling to understand, Thank you.
You're fantastic at teaching. I'm studying for the MCAT-this was very helpful!
What did you get?
you successfully explained this topic in under 10 minutes while my lecture couldn't do it in an hour! ... love your videos thank you!
I just love these videos u make!!! Everything makes sense. It shows the reasons behind what cells do and why they do it. This has being so helpful in my courses! Thank you so much!
In med school right now, rewatching some of these vids for my biochem exam :D
Mr. Andersen, you are a wonderful teacher!
Hi Paul, I can't thank you enough for the brilliant content you put up here for free. I'm a Genetics major and every time I face a problem I know I can rely on you and Shomu's Biology for explanations. I was pretty stressed out looking through my lecture notes, and this really helped clear things up. Thank you, and much love from Malaysia
you provided the basic informtation in a simple way, that was very helpful. Thanks,
I legit made a UA-cam account so i could comment on this. Im watching this video for my Biology 115 exam. You are saving my grade and I thank you very much!!!! Sooooooo helpful
You are an AMAZING present!!!!! LOVE all of your analogies!
Best of all other videos. The host is super clear ! Thank you
you're like my favourite lecturer ever!
I hope you were the teacher of the year in Montana! Awesome presentation of material. Thanks for your efforts.
I am so glad I found you! The way you describe each lesson is so easily understood. I wish you were my teacher instead of the condescending one I have now.
Waw, what an explanation, what a presentation! Astonishing!
The fact that these are still helpful 7 years 😂🤯👌
Thanks for the clear and simplified explanation of a complex process.
Hey Mr Anderson, Thanks a Lot for the Awesome videos... very simple and precise.. The videos are nicely illustrated and clear.. Great work..!!!! Time saving and easy to understand.. Keep up the good work..!!!! :)
I am hoping to get a 5 on my AP Bio test and trying to cover every lurking detail and gain conceptual understanding; your videos do the job!
I gotta say, this video is awesome. I have final exam tomorrow, and this is super, duper helpful!
Thank you for taking something as complex as epigenetics and making it easy to digest, especially for those who do not have a strong grasp on biology or physiology...my undergrad psych students thank you as well :)
I have a test in eight hours and this was incredibly helpful. Thanks!
This man is excellent at explaining relatively complicated topic.brilliant stuff
That's really really helpful for me. The concept of epigenetics was very confusing for me before. Now you make it super clear. Thannnnks very very much!
OMG you are the best. You make everything sound so easy.
This was AWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWsome. Nice refresher. Now I can check out Dr. Lipton's video on Epigenetics. Thanks Bozeman!!!
Sweet. I've been waiting for this video to come out since last year's AP exam.
Awesome video, uploaded just as i needed it
Awesome, thank you. I'm studying for exams and our teachers have to make this stuff impossible. This really helps a lot
my favourite biology lessons are urs..thank you so much
You are awesome. Your lecture videos has been very helpful
Amazing videos... I always learn so much! Thank you,Mr. Anderson.
September 20,2022! Thanks so much.
thanks a lot, it's very well explained in a very simple way
Can you please do a podcast on plasmid mapping and protein synthesis? I'm struggling with those in AP bio and your podcasts always help me a lot!
you are making my life so much easier
Hope it's helpful.It is so helpful that i can't even describe it.Thank you so much for all of your videos.
Ok, so the answer to my question boils down to "it's an area of current research". that's both slightly frustrating and exciting.
Thanks for the paper. I'll read that as soon as possible and see whether it's on my level and answers some of my questions. Epigenetics is such an interesting topic.
This is a very informative lesson. Thanks a lot.
thanksss please will continue to increase! Biological explanations for things even more complicated
Thank you. Clear and helpful !
Very well explained. Thanks so much!
Excellent video! Thanks
Love your videos, I just have a question: How is the epigenome inherited if all the acetyl groups are removed from the gamete DNA?
This is Very very helpful. Thank you so much!
thank you so much this was very helpful in piecing together what my teacher says in class!!!!
Hi Mr. Anderson,
Thank you so much for making these videos! They are very helpful. One question here: the addition of a methyl group to cytosine causes the DNA to lose its affinity to its DNA binding proteins such as transcription factors at that site. Since transcription initiation requires two types of transcription factors (one bind to the TATA box and the other bind to the various regulatory sites of particular genes) to bind to a gene, the transcription factors can no longer bind to the methylated region, which means no mRNA can be formed, hence no polypeptides will be translated? Thank you in advance!
Great vídeo! How a dominant allele is selected (ignoring the recesive)? Si it an epigenetic process? Muchas gracias!
U r so good at explaining.
SOOOO awesome!!! LOVE this one!
Thank you. Very good explanation!
Very well explained, thanks!
this is really cool and made clear. thanks for the explanation!
Great content! Thank you so much!
Cells know where they are in the embryo because of protein gradients. The fertilized egg has proteins that are highest in concentration at one end of the cell and lowest at the other end. When the cell divides, one of the daughters will have less of the protein (the one from the end of the egg at the low concentration side of the gradient) and the other will have more of the protein. These proteins are usually transcription factors, that will turn on new gradients.
So.... lamark was right but he just got it wrong ? :P
OH Thanks so much! Yes! So helpful. You just made this super clear!
This is really interesting stuff! Thank you for the detailed explanation!
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
@@sondosmakhlouf1334 this particular one? No, lol - I occasionally remember ancient comments of mine tho
I love these videos! I'd like to clarify that at the end when he was talking about how if someone's parents have diabetes they are more likely to pass it on to their child, he is referring to Type 2 Diabetes.
People who become overweight and developed Type 2 Diabetes change their epigenetics, while in Type 1 Diabetes there is nothing you can do to prevent it or induce it.
How is lifestyle affecting which genes are expressed? Can u elaborate a bit wrt diabetes?
Thank you soooo much for all the video you posted. You have helped me and my classmates in ways you may not understand. Please continue to post these video....Can you do one on inheritance patterns,the Molecule of Heredity and the Gene Expression and Regulation?
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
This really helped! Thank you!
I need more! Great video
Very interesting and informative. 🌞
Fantastic lecture!
Yeah, he really did a great explanation. Thanks a lot, I'll look into that. :)
this was such a good explanation
thank you so much for all of your videos! They are concise, informative and very easy to understand
There's one thing I am confused about. So if the histones are wrapped around our genes, and say you become a smoker (but no one in your family tree extending hundreds of years smoked) and the chemical tag is added to the histones to make that gene become 'expressed', does that mean that the 'smoker gene' is predetermined? In other words, will I have a 'smoking gene' by default that is turned off, but will only be turned on if I smoke?
Great explanation
Cool stuff brother, I explain things very well. I get it better now
clear & very simple ,,, thanks very much (Y) :D
I have a bio midterm tomorrow, and epigenetics is on it... So THANKS :D I am glad you posted this video!
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
Love this dude. Helped me in school now helps with curiosity. I am a college dropout
What's the difference between gene regulation (enhancers, promotor region, etc) and epigenetics (methylation, aceytalation, microRNA)?
What about histone methylation? How does that affect DNA packaging and why does it sometimes lead to repressed transcription and sometimes to activated transcription?
I don't think we've got enough data to answer those question yet. "Molecular Signals of Epigenetic States" is a good paper on this. If a mark is there, we know how it is maintained. How it's established is less known. Double stranded RNA (often from repetitive sequences that fold back on themselves) directs proteins to silence sequences complimentary to the dsRNA by marking histones and methylating the DNA. Proteins or RNA inherited in the cytoplasm can also direct the initial silencing.
Omg there are no words...just thank u thank u thank u!!!
so helpful , thank you !
excellent explanation, but did he mean by miRNA the noncoding Xist and Tsix, hope anyone replies.
thank you for the effort ;)
3 seconds in ya might as well hit the like button cause this dude ALWAYS does an amazing job
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
You're the best!!
I know too little about this for that comment to be helpful but thanks. (I have no idea what the zone of polarizing activity is in this context.)
If you have time, I'd love to hear a more detailed explanation.
If I'm not mistaken, methylation doesn't exclusively deactivate/turn off gene expression. It can also, although far less common, activate/turn it on.
Very good quick video, thank you! Just one queston, can anyone please explain the mechanism by which certain cells determine which portions of the DNA to methylate and which lysine amino acids are acetylated. I find it very interesting how different cell type can identify which portion of the DNA gets unreadable. For example, in a heart cell, how is it determined which portion of the DNA gets methylated and which portion of the histones get acetylated so that only heart cell DNA is expresed? Thank you!!!
Great video ... now here's a man who understands epi enough to explain the genetics ... any "gut" thoughts on how to reverse epigenetic damage? Are there any suspected or known mediators? Thanks for the intelligence.
You are amazing thank you!
I love u man!! , you make my life easy
I thought Dna Methylation would lead to increased transcription as it forms areas of " Z DNA". With Z-DNA being more loosely packed wouldn't transcription increase i.e.: euchromatinized genes? any explanation would be helpful
I see. So basically, the chance is slimmer but it's there.
I really hope to hear more about Epigenetics on a level that can be taken by non-experts. - All I found on it were either fairly basic explanations around the level of this video or super technical papers way beyond my scope.
How do cells make sure that only the right bits are switched on or off? - in both systems.
Also, how do you inherit such switches from your parents? Last time I heard this, you could have a transfer of some such traits by your mother easily but father-side epigenetic traits don't transfer. Is this incorrect?
methylation can activate and also deactivate genes depending on place of methylation and degree of methylation. H3 K4 methylation is activation mark . H3 K9 is deactivation mark of genes.
You’re awesome!
It's hard to simplify this issue the way you do to something as understandable as this video. The heritability (through meiosis) of epigenetic marks isn't well established.
New methods will give us a lot more info on epigenetics soon enough. I like how so many disparate mechanisms work together to regulate so many different processes. Differences in epigenetics between species make it hard to teach. Maybe some general principles (like a histone code) will come out of further research?
thank you so much;
That's some cool stuff!
I just wanna know what is the name of software that you made this vedio， thanks！
Terrific lecture video and format. Keep them coming!
(Can I upload my syllabus to you?)
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
It has to do with where the cells are positioned during development. A good example of this is the zone of polarizing activity.
Hey Mr. Anderson I love you