Language Overview: Spanish
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- Опубліковано 26 січ 2019
- ¡Muchas gracias a Carmen por su ayuda en producción!
Este video es dedicado a mis estudiantes y profesoras de español en mi escuela donde soy ayudante a la profesora/tutor de pares.
Corrections: • Corrections on the fir...
Translations:
0:49 : Hi, my name is…
1:27 : Seeing the Spanish phoneme inventory
1:29 : Because accents exist
1:34 : Getting it the next part of the video
1:37 : It’s just because I speak it
3:41 : April, July, December, Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Spanish, Portuguese, French
7:32 : What do the Spanish adjectival suffixes mean?
8:05 : Spanish verbs shift into MAXIMUM OVERDRIVE
8:28 : Conjugation skills… Irregular verbs
8:48 : Perfect tenses?
8:50 : It’s a family thing…
8:52 : (Hebrew) Y’all still have too many verb tenses, WHAT are y’all smoking??
8:57 : You’re mine.
8:57-9:00 : breathe boi
9:25 : Doubt
12:59 : (Portuguese) I can’t wait!
15:19 : Y’all have options
16:13 : Ain’t nobody got time for that!
17:55 : Just us!
18:00 : This sentence should be read excitedly!
18:04 : Oh s**t I read it wrong
If you need to learn what the symbols in slashes are: • How to read the IPA Ch...
The Spanish word 'Edad' is not borrowed from the Arabic language. Both Italian 'Età' and Spanish 'Edad' come from the Latin 'Aetātem'.
Yes it is the same as age in french and english
Eso mismo había pensado yo XD
As others have noted, dropping D and S sounds is not common in many (most?) Spanish speaking countries, including Mexico, Spain, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador (or at least in majority of regions of those countries). To my Ecuadorian ears your accent sounds more Puerto Rican / Cuban than Bolivian. Nice video though!
Yo soy de España y si me como las des y las eses porque en todo el sur de España es lo más común
Yeah so D and S aren't always dropped "as often as possible" like you suggest here. The degree to which they get dropped varies significantly from dialect to dialect.
Off the top of my head, I know that Cuban Spanish tends to drop S often, so does Andalucía. Argentina does as well, but not quite as strongly, I think. In Castillan Spanish, both are normally present (although D still has a tendency to turn into the weird Spanish D approximant thing and S can weaken in words like Israel).
Sounds like Bolivian Spanish drops them extremely frequently, but that's definitely not true worldwide. It's kinda like a Brit saying "remember, R is never pronounced at the end of words."
Also somewhat disappointing that you didn't bring up voseo at all. Regardless, still a good overview.
I agree, it's very foreigner behaviour to ditch the S sound completely. The pronunciation of "disponible" made me giggle a bit because it reminded me of my Canadian friend saying "epaniol" /ɛpa'niol/ instead of "español" /ɛhpa'ɲol/ .
In Argentina we drop the S/Z only when it's followed by a consonant but it's not even a "full drop". It sort of becomes aspirated like the H in "hat", the sound remains there. "¿cómo estás?" /'komo eh'tas/
Also the "LL" in Argentina is widely pronounced as /ʃ/ like the "SH" in "shut" or "llegué" /ʃe'ɣe/. You can also hear /ʎe 'ɣe/ going up north the country but never /ʒ/.
Spanish from northern Spain is an exception.
The isn't "often dropped." It's pronounced [d̪] when / is pronounced [b] and is pronounced [g], and it's pronounced [ð̞] when / is pronounced [β̞] and when is pronounced [ɣ̞] (except it's also a plosive after /l/). It is usually only dropped, in many but not all dialects, in the "-ado" ending and its variations and often at the end of words.
The is also not "often dropped." It undergoes a complicated process of debuccalization/aspiration and/or dropping in very specific contexts depending on the dialect, usually only in the coda position of a syllable, although the following sounds also affect it, all of it depends on the dialect. there are varieties of Spanish where the is never dropped, such as in Central and Northern Spain and in most of Mexico.
Additionally, the approximant allophones ([ð̞], [β̞], [ɣ̞]) of voiced plosives ([d̪], [b], [g]) are used ALWAYS except after a pause (so at the beginning of the first word of an utterance) or after /n/ (with the appropriate assimilation of the [n]), /m/ or, in the case of /d/, /l/. That means that they're more often pronounced as approximates than plosives. However, they are usually pronounced as plosives in isolation and in certain contexts where the speaker is annunciating clearly. Here there also is dialectal variation. In some varieties in (but not all of) Colombia and surrounding areas, they are pronounced as plosives within any consonant cluster, especially after an aspirated/debuccalized /s/. This last one also occurs in many Caribbean varieties. However it is inconsistent, and less prominent words in the sentence tend to use the approximants more than stressed words in the sentence.
Also, the vast majority of Spanish varieties have merged the /ʎ/ consonant (represented by the digraph ) with /ʝ/ (represented by ).
And, because I am from Argentina, here we do not often use the pronoun "tú" and its conjugations for the informal second person singular, but the pronoun "vos" and its conjugations, which are slightly different, and this pronoun is also used in many other Spanish speaking countries, like Uruguay, Paraguay and many Central American countries like Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
Also, here in Buenos Aires, the /ʝ/ phoneme is pronounced [ʃ] more often than [ʒ].
Apparently, in _ye olde dayes_ in Britain, people used and upside-down question mark/point (¿) for a rhetorical question and an upside-down exclamation mark/point (¡) for a sarcastic remark, which i think it neat, so I use it as well
I've never heard anyone say "disponible" as "iponible". The D only becomes silent (kind of) when it is at the end of the word or in between to vowels
"¡Sí, ya está disponible!" in Chile sounds somewhat like /si, ya e'tá 'i'poníble/ [si, ʝa ehˈ.ta (ð)ih.poˈni.βle]
Yes, country where spanish was originally spoken,
*Bolivia.*
yes
Very few people drop the “D” and it makes it sound like a very strong accent. Also dropping the S isn’t standard either but it is more common. The way you pronounced disponible sounded like you had a stuffy nose.
8:11
Ser is used for characteristics.
Estar is used for states of being.
You have to remember this because its the only way of explaining it that works 100 percent of the time, and will allow you to pick up on nuanced uses.
hey! I just found your small channel by chance and so far I've watched the Future American English video and this one, and I am thrilled to watch other language profile videos (I'm thristing for Arabic and Russian), hoping to find further stuff like the one I've seen in your other videos so far. I also found this one video to be very enjoyable from start to end, and it seems to me that you already have a very good grasp on your Spanish, so cheers for that! otherwise, you also have a very good understanding of this language's grammar and *specially* subjunctive verbs; most people who tried out Spanish before have told me their complaints regarding the subjunctive uses of verbs, and how difficult and, with good reason, quite unconsistent the rules are for when to use one mood or another (boy, if they ever find out about optative, they will then understand the real struggle). yet, here you are loving on subjunctive's terminations (I've got to admit I do try to structure my sentences in a way I can squeeze subjunctive in them, particularly in those whose stem undergoes alteration, as in: «amanece» → «amanezca»); you got my respect, buddy
furthermore, I'd like to write down here some of my comments on your video, and who knows maybe we can expand its content, albeit in the comment section, but still.
firstly, what stood to me the most was one of your example sentences, the very first one in particular. here, you said: «No me digas que estuvieras con tus amigos [...]», though as much as I love subjunctive terminations (and irregular stems), I think you rather meant to use the indicative imperfect past «estabas», as the context in this sentence reveals that the grammatical «you» were doing something while the speaker was elsewhere doing otherwise: since this relation is contextually inferred, we should asume that the events of «you» being with your friends were a deed of the near past (which could still be going on or happen again), and thus an actual event that ocurred outside of the imagination (doubt) of the speaker. in conclusion, the sentence demands a verb of indication as the event did happen in history. I saw some people already pointed this apparent mishap on this very comment section, although I wouldn't consider it that bad of a mistake; then again, this video is relatively old (kinda), so I believe you have already went through a lot of new things and findings about Spanish (seeing how proficient you already were during the filming of this video back in 2019... man, time does fly, doesn't it). still, I just wanted to comment my opinion in case you find it useful for your self-improvement :)
second, I would like to point out that the subjunctive imperfect past tense has two termination possibilities: the so-called «-ra» and «-se» terminations. I trully don't know if there was a misunderstanding on my behalf or a slight mishap on your side (I'll leave this possibility up for debate) but it seems to me that maybe you didn't understand (at the time being) how these verb endings work: you see, both endings have the exact same syntactical function, being the only difference that the «-ra» ending is the rather common one used in both casual and formal speech, whereas «-se» is considered a little bit more formal, and as such is more often in formal speech, particularly in written Spanish, although both endings can be interchangeably used without radically changing the sense of a sentence nor the whole speech.
then, there's the thing about possessives I wanted to talk about. I think by now you'd already have noticed these, but I'll comment them anyway, see if we can learn something new. so there are two types of possessive in Spanish: the atonal proclitic «mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro» set, and the quote-unquote "full form" for lack of a better term «mío, tuyo, suyo, nuestro, vuestro». actually, according to Wikipedia, the former are possessive determiners, while the latter are possessive pronouns proper. they are not always interchangeably, but the fact here is that possessive determiners are always placed before the noun they modify, and it is worth noting that these cannot coexist simultaneously with articles whatever their kind may be, e.g.: NOT «la mi bicicleta» (though curiously I understand this is the natural way to say it in Italian), but «mi bicicleta»; on the sidenote, I would like to add that this kind of construction used to be the natural way to say it in Spanish up until around the 18th-19th centuries, as you can often find this construction when reading Don Quijote (or any other kind of Golden Age Spanish literature for that matter). on the other hand, the possessive pronouns cannot appear before the noun they modify, and these can stand alone on its own, e.g.: NOT «la mía bicicleta», but «la bicicleta mía» (and yes, these do change endings to agree with number and gender); and there's also «lo mío es tuyo», "what's mine is also yours". furthermore, there's a particular use of these pronouns to refer to a group of people fondle of the person the pronoun suggests, e.g.: «eres uno de los nuestros», "you are one of us"; in this case, the possessive pronouns are always preceded by an article, in their plural form and in masculine (although I think using the femenine is also grammatically ok). these are the main differences between the two groups of possessives in Spanish; come to think of it, these distinction nearly resembles English's usage of «my» on one hand, and «mine» on the other.
now, let's bring back to memory an example I used earlier: «lo mío es tuyo». this takes me to my next point: the neuter article. Spanish did retain some kind of the neuter gender from Latin in the form of the neuter articles «lo» and «uno», as well as in demonstrative adjectives (which you did mention throughout the video) like «ello, esto, eso, aquello», all of these being the neuter versions of «el, un, él, este, ese, aquel» respectively. however, we'd be mistaken to think that Spanish possesses a "true" neuter gender like in German or Latin itself; it's more like English's «it», more or less. I remember I was taught since I was a child that «it» translates as «eso», or at least that's what teachers always put it like when writting down a chart of English personal pronouns. that being said, the neuter article is mainly used before adjectives and some relative pronouns as well and create new meanings such as: «lo que, lo cual» instead of «el/la que, el/la cual»: «lo que digo es que deberíamos ser más cuidadosos la próxima vez», "what I'm saying is that we should be more careful next time". in this sentence, «el/la que» are not correct. and this use of articles before some relative pronouns resembles Latin's inflections for relative pronouns: «qui, quae, quod», "el que, la que, lo que", respectively (or sometimes just plain "que": «las cosas que me dijiste», "quae dixisti me"). otherwise, this article is extremely useful to make some nouns out of adjectives (and this is a common usage of neuter articles in Spanish both casual and formal): «lo pactado obliga», "what has been agreed upon binds [both parties]", but this is a Spanish translation of a Latin sentence often used in international law contexts as a legal principle (in Latin it's «pacta sunt servanda», "agreements must be kept"). another example of this adjective noun preceded by neuter articles is «lo importante aquí es que seamos honestos», "what's important/the important thing here is that we are(/be) honest".
finally, on a lesser note, I would have loved if you actually talked about the future subjunctive tense, since it seldom gets featured in any Spanish language profile video at all (and, contrary to popular belief, it still sees some *limited* use in Spanish as part of legal jargon or as part of fixed expression like «sea lo que fuere», but all in all it is indeed a tense no longer used that often nowadays). besides from that, I should stress how much I liked your video and how entertaining it was for me (still thrilled to watch your other vids); I should also point that my comments aren't much as critiques, as they are just my friendly comments on your content, which I found to be excellent. I hope I did helped you learn new things and stuff, so do tell me: what do you think is, according to your experience, the hardest thing to get around in Spanish? like, do you think the way Spanish builds its sentences somewhat hinders communicability, or is it less expressive? any thoughts?
Nice video. I'm a native Spanish speaker from Argentina, but not from Buenos Aires, who also knows a few things on linguistics and I can say it is a mostly accurate review of the language.
But I would like to state a couple things that are “wrong” in the example sentences at the end.
I know you said this video is based on Bolivian Spanish, but saying "estuvieras" in the first sentence sounds awkward because that form is normally used in "if-clauses", such as “Si (tú) estuvieras aquí, (yo) no estaría aburrido”. The idea can be understood but people would notice that you have difficulties with verb conjugation. The verb form you can use is either “estabas” (pretérito imperfecto) or “estuviste” (pretérito perfecto simple/indefinido), they're not exactly the same from one another since the meaning is slightly different, but any can work fine there.
In the second sentence, “Ustedes tendrán que darnos su consejo para que así nos inscribamos a una de las mejores universidades” would be a much clearer way of expressing what you wrote in English below.
As I said, the video is great. These are just my observations on how you expressed the ideas in the final sentences, I hope I didn't sound offensive but that they are useful for comprehending how the language works instead.
4:56
This is grammatically incorrect in my variety of Spanish. You need to say
Tu hermana LE dio la comida al gato
True
Which country/region
Same in Argentina.
same in mexico
Is this guy from Florida? Maybe he is in touch with Puerto Ricans and Cubans. Only Caribbean accents drop "d". It sounded weird to my peruvian ears to hear "he hablao" instead of "he hablado".
Probably.
Not only Caribbean accents drop the "d" (for example I live in Canary Islands, Spain, and that's pretty normal, and in most of the rest of Spain occasionally too), but his accent does sound Cuban or Puerto Rican to me despite him saying he speaks Bolivian Spanish. His pronunciation and MUSICALITY sound very Cuban/Puerto Rican-like to me.
Ok, I have decided to point out some mistakes I see along the way. For context, I am from Asturias, one of the most northern regions of Spain (if you want to know, out accent is generally considered pretty neutral in spain, though we sometimes drop word from Asturian, so the most 'default' accents are still Valladolid's and Toledo's).
First of all: the subtitles have a lot of minor errors, which I'm not going to comment on.
The letters of the alphabet, spelled out: a, be, ce, de, e, efe, ge, ache, i (i latina), jota, ca/ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, cu, erre, ese, te, u, uve/ve, uve doble/doble u, equis, i griega, zeta/ceta. Ch (ce-ache) and ll (elle/doble elle) are sometimes considered their own thing.
Some words contain "ze", namely zénit and zeta, and some contain "zi" (though I think all of the are very common to see written with ci instead), such as zigoto.
K is used in kilo, which... I mean... sure, you can count it as a foreign word
Also, you may have neglected to mention something that will be a bit counterintuitive to English speakers: w is sometimes pronounced as "b" (also the same as "v"), though that generally varies between speakers of different generations (kiwi can be pronounced "keewee" or "keebee", for example).
Next up: b
It is generally softened intervocalically, vut in the example shown what you wrote in the IPA was the opposite; also, it may get softened in any context or not at all, and this is just allophonic variation, very dependent on the speaker and the circumstances. About Chile: some people in Chile have, from English influence, started differenciating b and v, and some just say b for everything, like normal, and others, v dor everything, which is what you explained here; it is not a general practise.
s and c/z: neutral pronunciation: s and th; "seseo" (south of Spain and Latin America): both s; "ceceo" (some parts of Spain): both (generally with word-final s omitted, though that also happens in many places with seseo and some with neither).
The y/ll thing: in some places in Spain, they are pronounced differently among older people (the difference is hard for me to explain, as it's quite rare to hear and I barely notice it), promouncing them the same is called "yeísmo" (also, as you said, Argentina does its own version of them).
d and s dropping: no, like everyone else has pointed out, this is in no way remotely standart.
What _is_ somewhat common is dropping the final d in words ending in -ado, -edo, -ido, -ada, -eda, and -ida (words ending in -ada turn into -aa ≈ -á). (If need be, this can be spelled as -a'o, or just -ao) (Be careful: it's not "bacalado", "bacalao" is the correct form) (also, words enling in -d, so soledad→soledá)
Also, word-final s, when preceded by a vowel, is often dropped in accents from thw south of Spain, and in almost all accents in very very lax speach. (This may be noted in writing with an h (which is silent) in place of the s)
Word order: it's mainly svo, but it's in reality completely free
Mi perro come manzanas.
("My dog eats apples.", word by word)
Mi perro manzanas come.
(Would be mainly used to emphasise that my dog does eat them if eating the is what we care about, and the entonation may be further specified wirth a comma or two (Mi perro, manzanas, come.))
Manzanas come mi perro.
Manzanas mi perro come.
Come manzanas mi perro. (Surprisingly common)
Come mi perro manzanas. (A bit situational, but it is occasionally used irl)
What is true is that direct object and indirect object pronouns, when both are present, have to follow an order; also, usually when there's an indirect object, even if it is specified in the sentence, a pronoun will be added to ensure there's no ambiguity* (in theory) as to which object is which; example:
Le di un libro a mi amigo.
Subject: yo (1S, omitted)
Direct object: un libro (a book)
Indirect object: a mi amigo (to my friend)
If we substitute everything with pronouns: Se lo di (el libro) (a mi amigo).
(*actually, if you speak Spanish, check the RAE's page on atonous pronouns)
Adjective word order: they come before of after, and they can actually have slightly diffent meanings: an adjective before a noun (las onduladas patatas (tha wavy crisps/chips, or however they're called in English)) is called explicative, and after the noun (las patatas onduladas) is called an specificative one.
Specificative adjectives are the most common (las patatas onduladas), and serve to distinguish between things that have that property or not (the wavy crisps, in opposition the the smooth crisps).
Explicative articles can't do this last thing, and, when used, usually express some non-essential info (las onduladas patatas, the crisps, which btw are wavy).
The only adjectives I can think of (excluding determinants) that have different forms for these are grande, which turns into gran when it goes before, and bueno/a and malo/a, which turn into buen/buena and mal/mala (no changes in plural for all 3). Also, determinants very rarely go after the noun, not all of them can, and they don't have a different meaning when they do, but yes, you can say la manzana séptima (though it is considered a "cultism", something only used in very high/posh registers, and also kinda formal) (a more common thing happens with demonstratives, which often get placed behind nouns, and do have a very slightly different connotation/intent (el chico aquel vs aquel chico)).
About pluralization: nouns ending in s or x only get -es added it their stressed syllable is the last one, otherwise their plural is the same as their singular (escocés→escoceses, but virus→virus and tórax→tórax).
Also, words ending in i or u only get -es added if their stressed syllable is the last (and if it isn't a diptong or something), and, even then, adding just -s is acceptable; for all others, adding -s is they way
(hindú→hindúes/hindús y colibrí→colibríes/colibrís, but cani→canis and bonsái→ bonsáis (normally you would have a y in the spelling here, but soem words like bonsái instead have an i, [and this actually changes the way they are pluralised (bonsái→bonsái, but buey→bueyes))]no it doesn't :/ (guay→guays), though it may work for nouns at least, since "guay" is an adjective, idk.
Btw, stress is kept in the same syllable it was even if a new one is added, unless it was already antepenultimate or ealier, in which case it gets dragged foward to continue being antepenultimate or whatever it was.
Also, though the adverb forms of bueno and malo are bien and mal, buenamente and malamente also exist, though they are kinda hard to translate.
Malamente is pretty close to English badly, barely, or hardly. Buenamente is... hard to translate xd, pero lo haré como buenamente pueda (but I will do it how well-ly I can (as best I can (implying it won't be very good actually)).
Edit: it appears the comment was too long; the other half was left as a reponse to this one.
Edit 2: about 1 year later, I read this and cringe, so I've fixed some spellings and changed some wrong things (mainly bad English, but also added info).
Shoutout to the third verb meaning to be: haber (it generally means to "there be", and is not used in other ways outside of cult (or also medieval) language.
About verbal moods: in Spanish, conditional if often dumped in with the rest of the indicative, thus leaving a three-way distinction, which it what you will find in most places.
The negative imperative is just the subjunctive (!), don't be fooled (!) (the forms that don't change don't because they are the same in both tenses).
In Spanish, the verb "haber", used to make the composite/perfect tenses (there's also a perfect simple so not that one) doesn't mean "to have", but rather a weird way of saying "to be" or "to exist" (or to "there be" ( *there's* no better way for me to put it)); so it's more like "he comido tres manzanas" means you exist having eaten three aples, though nowadays it's just fossilized together and the verb "haber" has had this use pretty much forgotten other than in these pre-made perfect tenses.
Noöne wants you to know this, but perfect imperative is a thing, you can say it and people will understand you, it's just barely ever used.
Pronouns (tonic (ones used as subjects and stuff (like I and he))):
1s: yo (also nos I think (I'm not actually sure xd), although very outdated and also only if you're really important)
2s: tú, usted (polite), vos (talking to royalty in medieval eras)
3s: él (he), ella (she), ello (used for relative clauses, which are somewhat genderless ig)
1p: nosotros/as (also nos, very rare)
2p: vosotros/as, ustedes (formal)
3p: ellos/as
Atonic (like me and him):
1s:me;2s:te;3s:le,lo,la,se;1p:nos;2p:os;3p:les,los,las,se; reflexive: se)
When tresting someone with usted or ustedes, verbs and atonic pronouns are conjugated as if you were referring to them in third person (singilar or plural); with vos, they're conjugated in second person plural (vos is used to refer to one person).
Voseo: changing tú for vos, with special verb forms, done in argentina and maybe some other country/ies.
I don't think it has a name, but also, in Latin America usted and ustedes often supplant tú and vosotros/as; also, in Spain usted and ustedes are often changed for tú and vosotros/vosotras (so opposite to Latin America), regardless of formality, so as to not make the other person feel old or uncomfortable with the extreme formality (mostly done by young people to young people).
Vowel changes: you're making it sound like the consonants get labialised or palataliaed, but in contar→cuento the o also changed to an e
In this case I believe it's much easier to just say the vowels are splitting into diptongs, which corresponds with actual soumd shifts that happened in Spanish (fogo→fuego).
Subjunctive tenses:
In the subjunctive, there's no peefect preterit vs imperfect preterit distinction, there's just one of the two: the imperfect one (comiera/comiese (forms ending in -era and ones ending in -ese are interchangeable and mean the exact same thing)).
Also, the future subjunctive survives in the popular saying "A donde fueres haz lo que vieres." ("Wherever you (may) go, do as you see (in case you go)."); other than that, it's basically dead, but still taught at schools, and used in medieval Spanish (and if you want to sound medieval for some reason).
As I mentioned earlier, for the negative imperative you just use the present subjuctive.
Backwards verbs in verbs: to interest, someting interests you, you are interested.
The example sentences are a bit weird but that may just be normal usage in Bolivia, idk.
Also, you didn't mention one of my favourite things to do in Spanish: you can just start a sentence with "que" ("that"), like "Que no te acerques a los fogones.".
Nice video, despite these inaccuracies; also, sry for any misspellings I may have made, English is not my first language and this comment will probably be full of them ^^".
Holy shit I read the first part and did not realize there was a part two XD but very interesting lots of things you don’t learn in school 👍
Also besides a few mistakes which were very obviously typos your English is perfect lol
@@novaace2474 thank you!
I wasn't expecting anyone to read it all lol
@@PhantomKING113 por curiosidad, el imperativo perfecto cuál es, que no lo he oído en mi vida
@@thequantumcat184 No es que se use habitualmente, pero sería algo así como "habed hecho".
(), ha hecho, haya hecho, hayamos hecho, habed hecho, hayan hecho
Por ejemplo, si le estás diciendo a alguien que tienen que terminar de hacer algo anted de que vuelvas, podrías decir "Para cuando yo vuelva, habed terminado.", aunque suena raro, pero lo que quería decir en el comentario era que se entiende.
17:50
I wouldn't say estuvieras but estabas in this context. I don't know how other Spanish speakers say this but in Argentina we say it like this:
¡No me digas que estabas con tus amigos en ese restaurante mientras yo nadaba en la piscina!
Hey quick tips, in the example phrases you give you often complicate stuff a bit too much when a literal word by word translation from english would make a lot more sense.
So instead of saying ¡No me digas que estuvieras...!, using a subjunctive conjugation of 'to be' which doesn't make sense, just use the indicative preterite: "No me digas que estabas con tus amigos en ese restaurante mientras yo nadaba en a piscina" . Both conjugations in english are the same so I see why you may have swapped them, but in Spanish they're not.
In the second example about enrolling to college you used the superlative "la mejor" (the best) instead of the comparative "mejor", without the article (better). Also you switched the order of the words in a way that is grammatically correct but feels quite awkward, when translating it in the same order as the english phrase would make it sound much more natural. So "Ustedes (y'all) tendrán (will have) que darnos (to give us) su consejo (your advice) para que (so that) nos inscribamos (we enroll) en (in) una (one) de (of) las (the) mejores (better) universidades (colleges).
Finally in the last one there are just a couple mistakes, so "see Spanish as a beautiful language" would be "ven al español como un lenguaje hermoso", difficult phrase i don't really know why it's translated so differently. 'Along with' would feel more natural if translated as "junto con". When your phrase starts with a pronoun and a verb in indicative present, you often drop the pronoun in Spanish as it's implicit in the conjugation of the verb, so instead of "Yo creo que..." just "Creo que...". Also in 'will need Spanish at some point', the 'will' is just conjugated in indicative present so it's translated as "va a " not "vaya a". The translation os 'watching' is "ver" since "mirar" is more like 'seeing'. Something fun is that since 'clicking' has become such a thing word in Spanish due to the prominence of the internet, you can translate it as "clickear" and the imperative 'click' as "clickea/clickeen" for singular/plural", although saying "hagan click" is by no means wrong, just a bit more complicated and thus some extra effort you can avoid. The 'to' in 'Something interesting to say' is translated as "que", so "algo interesante que decir", that's a tough one, I don't really know why it is that way lmao. And lastly 'to get notified' can be translated word for word as "para ser notificado" no need to complicate it.
I know it's mostly nitpickings on a very old video, but Spanish can already be very complicated to english speaking people, so I hope with this I can relieve a couple people trying to learn it by showing that it's not quite as complicated as you make it seem with some translations, and that translating word by word is often better. All in all, great video, keep up the good work.
What I've learnt as a good rule for differentiating between the two variants of "to be" is that when used with an adjective, "ser" refers to a property while "estar" refers to a state. Thinking about it as permanent/temporary can be deceptive in some cases.
Some adjectives can be used with both but with different meanings.
Soy aburrido - I'm boring (property)
Estoy aburrido - I'm bored (state)
Sometimes the nuance is more subtle:
Soy tranquilo - I'm calm (as a person - property)
Estoy tranquilo - I'm calm (right now - state)
thank you for this! I have been looking for videos as good as these for a long time! coincidentally, I am studying Spanish and Hebrew!
I had to watch this *many* times to get meaning out of it however, as you go very fast, and I am learning Spanish from Spain.
Thank you
Gracias
תודה
Hey thanks! Always nice to hear. Btw, if you want to slow a video down (or speed it up), you can go to the three dots on the screen if on mobile (and I think the “settings” if on a computer) and go to “playback speed”, where you can adjust the speed of the video!
@@watchyourlanguage3870 thanks! keep up the good work!
@@watchyourlanguage3870 My man if you slow it down it distorts the audio quite a lot.
@@watchyourlanguage3870 Have you acknowledged at any point that the way you drop your d sounds constantly is really rare in terms of different dialects? In this video, you acted like the way your dialect handles is the only way, when that couldn't be further from the truth.
Great video 🔥. A lot to take in all at once. But I'll proly use this as a reference and watch it over and over again as I learn until I get everything lol
The preterite and imperfect subjunctive tenses you mentioned are considered one single tense, as they are interchangeable in almost any single scenario. Also, the term present perfect isn't used. Instead we use perfect compound preterite (he comido) to distinguish it from perfect simple preterite (comí) and pretérito pluscuamperfecto (había comido). Also the negative imperatives are considered to just be the present subjunctive, since it's the exact same forms.
About the svo order being "strict". I don't think so. I'm from Argentina and I'm going to talk about how I personally tend to speak. Since we drop the personal pronoun most of the time, I tend to put it anywhere. I can say things like:
Ella dijo algo (she said something)
Dijo ella algo (said she something)
Dijo algo, ella (said something, she)
These three forms are very common in my speech. I've also heard other people speak this way when we don't drop the subject. I admit I'm not very organized with the position of personal pronouns most of the time I mention them.
Hope you're coming through with the Portuguese Overview video!
¡TE FELICITO, hiciste un GRAN TRABAJO! 😃
Te deje algunos comentarios con algunas -correcciones menores- _sugerencias mejores_ que a mis oídos suenan más naturales 🙉
In the sentence at 18:10, where I'm from (Mexico), the the conjugation "estuvieras" is incorrect (or at least sounds incorrect). Instead, we would say "hubieras estado" as a perfect preterite subjunctive, which technically means "would have been" as a _ongoing_ possibility. Instead, if the intention was to say "were", as it DID happen, then we would use "estabas" as the imperfect indicative. Using the imperfect subjunctive sounds inexplicably wrong... it's as if there's missing information or that the sentences is trying to say something else, like the speaker prefers (in this case, doesn't prefer, since it's a negation) something rather than an alternative, but it doesn't fit the sentence structure. My brain is telling me that that's not how the language works, even if one could argue that it does. Just goes to show how the language has differentiated.
Most people say the d
lol you're the only other L2 spanish speaker I've seen who voluntarily learned an accent that aspirates the s.
I was obsessed with rioplatense as a teen and had an argentine prof whose accent I learned to copy to a tee, however the majority of the spanish speakers I'd actually encounter where I live (the west coast of the US) are from Mexico and it wasn't helping me out to speak an argentine accent with obvious errors from being a non-native speaker mixed in, and increasingly with a slang vocabulary from Mexican spanish.
I gradually stopped doing the ll,y -> sh thing, but have continued to aspirate my s because I just think it sounds so cool, and involuntarily I still have some of the intonation.
I don't aspirate it quite as consistently anymore because I now have a job where I work with, again, mostly Mexican spanish speakers so I've started to take on aspects of that accent. I've been told varyingly that I sound Colombian, like my wife is Cuban, and Chilean by different native speakers.
Subjunctive future perfect is used by some people in Spain. I personally use it in sentences like:
Si alguien lo recibiera, estaría bien que me avisare.
I love this channel
5:02
Tu hermana _le_ dio la comida al gato. [ _se utiliza el pronombre personal _*_le_* ]
Your sister gave the food to the cat.
19:13
Ustedes tendrán que darnos su consejo para que nos inscribamos -a una universidad que sea la mejor-
Y'all will have to give us your advice so that we enroll in one of the better colleges.
Ustedes tendrán que darnos su consejo para que nos inscribamos _en una de las mejores universidades_
Spanish is too variant for a single video where you try to go into specific about some varieties xD.
For example in grammar, caribbean varieties are not really pro-drop, theres an alternative second person pronoun and conjugation used in rioplatense and most centralamerican varieties, chilean spanish has a whole unique conjugation.
The d and s drop or aspiration (which are different) happens in select varieties and not all. The infinitive in Dominican Spanish loses the r for most speakers, while it turns to i for others.
The example sentences do reflect a certain variety too btw, the chosen verb forms reflect that xP.
But its a nice video!
Me parece tan extraño que no pronuncies la S y la D en todas las palabras 😄 hacerlo en mi país (Guatemala) es usualmente visto como falta de escolaridad
You seem to drop or lenite consonants a lot more than many dialects do. Maybe that's just a thing with Columbian Spanish. In Mexican Spanish, which is what I learned for the most part, pretty much every consonant is fully pronounced, and may be slightly lenited but never "dropped" (with the exception of gu, which sometimes just turns into w)
The way you aspirate the 's' (And some other letters) is VERY rough to my Venezuelan ears. Sounds VERY cuban or maybe Puerto Rican, and whole accurate to how people speak on the street in those countries, it feels wrong in the type of contexts where information is presented more formally, in media we tend to use "Neutral Spanish" and those who study "Locución" here, learn how to make an active effort to make the Spanish they speak be as close to the neutral as posible. That's why it's oftentimes hard to hear in which country was a Spanish dub made (Fun fact, a lot of them were made here in Venezuela, specially a few years back the the economical situation was not as rough)
You're Spanish is very good, but can feel pretty out of place at times
1:28 a ver, es pequeño pero hace bien su trabajo, que al final es lo que cuenta
17:34
¡No me digas que -estuvieras- _estuviste_ con tus amigos en ese restaurante mientras yo nadaba en la piscina!
Don't tell me that *you were* with your friends in that restaurant while I was swimming in the pool!
PRETÉRITO
tú _estuviste_
Is "Hola ¿Qué pasa?" used by native speakers somewhere as a greeting?
I'm from Argentina and never heard those words as a greeting. "¿Qué pasa?" would be used when there's something wrong and we want to ask about it, never in a greeting.
However, there are so many dialects and variations that perhaps it's said like that somewhere lol.
Doesnt Italian use their future tense too? Im learning Italian and people use it
They use it in their literature but less and less in spoken language nowadays.
Por qué no dices la s?
I think he took the tendency to drop final s a little bit too to heart. While I'll often say, "graciah" instead of gracias, this is certainly only an occasional habit which occurs in very casual speech.
The extent to which the D and S are reduced/dropped varies wildly from dialect to dialect. I know dropping S is really common in Cuba and notoriously common in Andalucía; I've also heard it in Argentinan speakers. But in Castillan Spanish, both the D and the S are normally pronounced - though the D tends to get weakened to an approximant thing and the S can disappear in certain words like Israel.
If this guy's pronunciation is to be believed, then Bolivia drops both letters constantly. I don't know Bolivian Spanish though, and he does make a number of other errors in the video so it could just be faulty information while learning the language.
0:41 funny enough, all of these words entered cebuano and tagalog vocabulary through spanish except one
(hasta is cebuano only, alcalde is tagalog only. perhaps alcohol entered the language from english. not sure about that)
Bro this channel is a fucking gold mine holy shit. Under rated asf
17:34
¡No me digas que -estuvieras- _estabas_ con tus amigos en ese restaurante mientras yo -nadaba- _estaba nadando_ en la piscina!
Don't tell me *you were* with your friends at that restaurant while *I was swimming* in the pool!
PRETÉRITO IMPERFECTO
tú _estabas_
PRETÉRITO IMPERFECTO CONTINUO
yo _estaba nadando_
Please do not drop the s and d 🤢
¿Cómo se pronuncia la [ɣ̞] y la ñ? siempre me cuentan un montón pronunciarlas.
[ɣ]: Di [g], pero no toques la lengua y el paladar.
Ñ: Di [n], pero a la posición de [j]
Estamos al lado del árbol, ¿cómo no nos ves?
Not me being intimidated by the grammar when I'm a slavic speaker and we also have those tenses and moods and also 7 cases and a third gender💀
Chile doesn’t pronounce the LL and Y like Argentina. It is very different. So different that Chileans make fun of Argentinians for it.
And argentinians make fun of chile for everything else lol
"Tu" no se usa en Argentina
Hola Guillermo
¿Qué se usa para el pronombre posesivo "tu"? 😐
"Tú" con la tilde sobre la _ú_ es el pronombre personal 🤓
En Argentina se utiliza el "Vos".
@@juanpablo-rdm tû se reemplaza por "vos", tu queda igual.
buenardo
Why are you using Bolivias flag to represent Spanish?
Because that's the dialect I speak, same reason as why I use the American flag for English and the Jordanian flag for Arabic
hola que pasa
17:35 scentence makes no sense
Great video, but I would recommend taking time to study more traits of South American Spanish, like pronouncing ll and y as “j” (dzh or zh) and the s and d being generally well pronounced in many dialects. One thing that may have confused many about the phonology of d is that it is pronounced like the th sound in “that”, so it is significantly softer but not skipped entirely
Me suscribí a tu canal pero con lo que has dicho de colón espero que poca gente se te suscriba en el futuro, gracias a dios tus vídeos tienen pocas visualizaciones y espero que así sea
You're transliterations for Arabic at 0:42 are inaccurate, sir.
why did you base your spanish in bolivian. Why there are funny spanish accents some iconic ones and you decided to speak bolivian spanish
I assume he is friends with someone there or has gone there for whatever reason. I speak Ecuadorian Spanish because I lived there for a year. If he just picked it randomly that would be pretty odd lol
He speaks Bolivian Spanish
Fr
it seems funny to me that you used the bolivian flag to represent spanish. It's valid but so unsual.