A fascinating documentary on the geopolitics of the early 1920's but I don't know why it was given such a misleading title here on YT as it has little or nothing to say about right wing terrorism in Weimar.
There really wasn't any "right wing terrorism" in Weimar. The only "right wing" groups that committed any violence was the Freikorps and the only violence they committed was shooting the unwelcome communists and Marxists every time the Reds tried to take over a city, like Levine's Bavarian Soviets did in Munich, and the Spartacists did in Berlin. Hence, since this was action against political thugs, and not citizens, it is not considered "terrorism" in the clinical definition. At the time the SA Brown Shirt thugs started intimidating people towards the end of Weimar, they were still under Rohm's control, and were more of a "left-wing" nationalist group than the "right wing" SS which didn't become prominent until after the Weimar. That's my take on it anyway, I'm sure you'll get others who would see it differently.
17:20 My grandpa have one of those, got it from his dad, when he visited Germany in the during the 1920s. He said: "It was cheaper to use 1.000.000 mark, than toilet paper."
I agree. The narrative weaves all over the place, all uttered in a flippant tone incongruous with the subject matter. This is third-rate meaningless meandering nonsense.
This video is one part of a 7(?) Part series called "Impossible Peace" which is a detailed look at the years in between the two World Wars. But instead of labeling them in numerical order they give clickbait titles to each part of the documentary posted on UA-cam. I think it's a very well done series, but the UA-cam titles are misleading and confusing.
@@MrGouldilocks The title is partisan and a foregone conclusion as well. The title also implies the blame of what comes later goes on france... there is a wide spread view that blame the french for the treaty of versailles is blame shifting. the blame should be put on the nations that walked away from the treaty.
I sense the same sort of this atmosphere coming in this decade and a little bit beyond. Seriously challenging times on a much more immediately global scale. We will have these times again very much so.
France’s harshness to Germany at the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 was one of the contributing factors that caused the outbreak of WW2. PM David Lloyd George and President Woodrow Wilson desired leniency and only wanted Germany to disarm significantly for a period of time and reparations that did not cripple the German economy. Lloyd George opposed revenge and attempted to compromise between Clemenceau's demands and the Fourteen Points, because Europe would eventually have to reconcile with Germany.Lloyd George wanted terms of reparation that would not cripple the German economy, so that Germany would remain a viable economic power and trading partner.. But President Clemanceau wanted reparations of the sum of £280 billion from a defeated and bankrupted country. He used emotional blackmail to persuade other allies to adhere by it. Basically stating most of the fighting took place on French soil, and French soldiers had the significant higher causalities. He stated Clemenceau told Wilson: "America is far away, protected by the ocean. Not even Napoleon himself could touch England. You are both sheltered; we are not". Clemenceau intended to ensure the security of France, by weakening Germany economically, militarily, territorially and by supplanting Germany as the leading producer of steel in Europe.British economist and Versailles negotiator John Maynard Keynes summarized this position as attempting to "set the clock back and undo what, since 1870, the progress of Germany had accomplished." He also started it was a “Carthaginian Peace”. Clemenceau was so blinded by revenge, that he completely ignored French history. At the Congress of Vienna 1814, the allies did not impose reparations or on France for the damaged caused to Europe by Napoleon Bonaparte, France got off lightly. Even in the wars of the 18th century, treaties agreed upon by France with the victors, were fair, with the exchange of colonies and vice versa.
And this French harshness to Germany was a reaction to German harshness toward France after after defeating France in the Franco-Prussian war. And so you have an endless cycle of vengeance and counter-vengeance. Generosity toward the defeated by the victor sometimes proves more beneficial than harshness to both the victor and the defeated. Sometimes you must show mercy to others if you are to be generous to yourself.
The loss of West Prussia to a lesser degree Alsace and Lorraine. The economic collapse led to Nazism. Up until WW2, Fascism in Italy had posed no threat to Europe and for its era had legitimate demands. It's why today many WW2 historians are revising how bad Mussolini and National Fascism was for Italy.
I would love to watch more in depth films of some of these events, maybe country by country. There are too many things covered in this video so it couldn't go as deep. Anyway thank you for the good content.
@@EQOAnostalgia The violent hatred against anyone who has other ideas or views of life is a hallmark of leftist ideology, hi Antifa, BLM ,Woke and the rest of the left-wing mess, the Nazis were socialists.
@43:47 Sultan al-Atrash, two members of his family Farid al-Atrash was a Syrian-Egyptian great composer and Oud (Luth) virtuoso, his sister Amal (aka Asmahan) was a singer with golden voice. The irony is that the last name al-Atrash means _The Deaf_ in Arabic, but I can assure you that those two great artists weren't. 😊
notably excellent , superb narrative, accuratte data , great context of circumnstances.... very alluring .... impecabble quality .... is a must for those who love history....
Because the documentary wasn't actually about that. The title is inaccurate. It was about the pre-WW2 period in general and the rise of fascism was a huge part of it. They mentioned the KKK in comparison to European fascist movements. The similarities have long been noted by historians. Why would you be touchy about that?
An interesting documentary, despite the very misleading title; lots of historians who know their stuff and lots of great footage. As someone born in Calvin Coolidge's home state, I'm always amused by the portrayals of him; another non-compliment was, "He looks like he was weaned on a pickle." At some point, when one or more of the WW I allies asked the US for reductions or cancellations of their war loans, he declined, stating, "They hired the money, didn't they?" Another Coolidge story (perhaps apocryphal, although it would be entirely in character) concerns a dinner at which the woman sitting next to him said, "Oh, Mister President, I made a bet with a friend that I could get you to say more than two words," to which Coolidge is supposed to have replied, "You lose."
There are quite a few 'Silent Cal' stories. I like the one regarding the journalists who were waiting outside the church he attended. When the service finished they swarmed towards him: "What did the Minister talk about in his sermon, Mr President?" "Sin" "What did he say about it?" "He was against it".
In the same documentary they claim the "how can you tell" comment about Coolidge was an "indictment of his Presidency" minutes after noting that Mussolini said that "fascism was action" with no sense of irony. Give me Coolidge every day of the week and twice on Sunday over the active authoritarian governments of the era. But then I am an American.
@@gregkline5746 a fair comment in itself but looking at domestic politics, you have to admit Coolidge was a light-weight. He would never appear on a list of Great Presidents.
The British ending their alliance wasn't based on racism, as the documentary implies. It was part of the price to be paid for a settlement at the Washington Naval Conference. (US didnt want to be ganged up on in the Pacific)
Most of these documentaries i've seen are always hellbent on inserting some sort of liberal rhetoric or bits of propaganda within them that benefits the radical narrative of leftists today. I doubt it's a constant coincidence. These programs are probably bought out to an extent.
Perhaps the US should have stayed out of the Pacific? It's taking over. of former Spanish possessions as well as Hawaii was seen as threatening. by Japan a it was. building up naval. bases there. As well the construction of the Panama Canal was an additional way to extend the power of the greatly strengthened US navy and President Roosevelts dispatching of 'The Great White Fleet' on a round world cruise in the 19000's was hardly re-assuring to the Japanese who had to cope with Imperial Russia doing something similar just recently.
@@edwardhogan1877 "Stay out of the Pacific"? Discounting territories and sticking only with states, (at the time) where exactly are California, Oregon and Washington supposed to be relocated to?
Dennis...remember when the History chanel used to show documentaries like this? I'm pretty sure the production company creates the title, not the uploader; the choose clips/images from the period in question, they write the script/story line based on the material at hand and the theme and they edit it. Then we watch it.
It is odd that footage of a Colt single action revolver being fired should be used to symbolize the shooting of Walther Rathenau rather than the gun that was actually used by the assassins, an MP 18 Bergmann sub-machine gun. One must wonder what other insignificant details were revised, with what cumulative effect?
@@brandonducks DIDN'T RUSSIA ONLY GET INVOLVED IN "SYRIA" SINCE 2011, BY INVITATION OF BASHARA AL ASSAD TO HELP RESCUE HIS COUNTRY FROM ALL TERRORISTS THAT WERE BEING FINANCED BY SAUDIS, TO OVER THROW HIS LEGITIMATE GOVERNMENT?!🤔
@@brandonducks YAH SSSUUURRREEE!!😉👌 CURIOUS WHAT YOU THINK OF YOURSELF AND WHAT CATEGORY YOU FALL IN, SINCE YOU CAN CLAIM WHATEVER YOU WANT OTHERS TO BE??!!🤷♂️😉😂
No one can even imagine the effects of such massive inflation on the zGerman nation! This program describes that catastrophe fairly well. I wonder if the Triple Entente had not imposed this fatal policy of crippling reparations on Germany, whether the German Weimar Republic might have weathered the storm and Hitler's Storm troopers might not have been able to Bvb take power later in 1932?
The American president, who'd had a stroke, would NOT waiver from his demands that Germany suffer. Intractability and irrational stubbornness can result from stroke.
@@ROOKTABULA Oh please, compare the treaty Versailles to what the germans did to the soviet union at Brest-Litovsk, or what the allies did with the treaties concerning Austria-Hungary, and there can only be the conclusion that germany had a fairly mild treaty. After the franco-prussian war the germans actually occupied northern france untill the french paid the entire reparation sum. The germans never even paid half of their reparations.
You realize that the Germans barely paid a nickel on a dollar of the reparations, right? And most of that was from money loaned them by the US. You also realize that the German military-industrial complex paid off most of its internal debts with worthless money as a result of the hyperinflation as well, right?
The Treaty of Versaille and French attitude towards Germany may have been punitive but Germany invaded and occupied French territory for years completely devastating the areas,stripping them never mind the actual destruction and death caused by the war In the event that the Schlieffen Plan had worked and Germany had won a quick victory it was thier intention to impose punitive conditions on France to render them incapable of posing a threat to Germany .
I would have reminded French leaders of the role their own leaders played in escalating the July Crisis. [From wiki] "In 1913, it had been announced that Poincaré would visit St. Petersburg in July 1914 to meet Tsar Nicholas II. Accompanied by Premier René Viviani, Poincaré went to Russia for the second time (but for the first time as president) to reinforce the Franco-Russian Alliance. On 15 July, the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, Count Leopold von Berchtold, informed foreign countries through a back-channel of Austria-Hungary's intention to present an ultimatum to Serbia.[24] When Poincaré arrived in St. Petersburg on 20 July, the Russians told him by 21 July of the Austrian ultimatum and German support for Austria.[24] Although Prime Minister Viviani was supposed to be in charge of French foreign policy, *Poincaré promised the Tsar unconditional French military backing for Russia against Austria-Hungary and Germany.[25]"* *Viola....a French "blank cheque"?* [Continued] *"In his discussions with Nicholas II, Poincaré talked openly of winning an eventual war, not avoiding one.[21]"* Me: So much for the "we just want peace"- version of events. [Continued] *"Later, he attempted to hide his role in the outbreak of military conflict and denied having promised Russia anything.[21]"* Bearing false witness?
@@ralphbernhard1757 So France cannot visit their allies? France was under obligation to support Russia. Germany was under no obligation to support Austrian belligerence. It certainly takes multiple parties to tango, however enough of absolving Germany; they are not blameless.
@@ralphbernhard1757 I would remind you that Wilhelm visited Franz Ferdinand at his (Ferdinand's) palace of Konopisch (sp?) just a month before his assassination.
This is a fascinating doc, but the title is rather misleading... *very* little to do w/France. Great to hear about the tragic earthquake in Japan, which I'd n'er heard of prior. I must say though, that it gives an excellent explanation (be it piecemeal) on how the 'War to End all Wars' was absolutely unsuccessful.
Didn't help that France humiliated Germany as much as they could by sending their colonial troops to a shattered German economy. Occupying German land and the rest is history.
@Suman Kundu France was considered the biggest military power between WW1-WW2. Germany twice self sabotaged their own economy during WW1 through inflation and after. Talk about humiliating. If black people offend you that's your racist humiliation no one elses.
@@Argozification lol no U.S. was known as the biggest with UK being second. The germans had to print money because they had to pay for all the damage in WW1 while losing big parts of their country that were extremely vital for their economy and industry. These terms were not part of the armistice deal and were brought up out of nowhere in treaty of versailles. Had the allies not treated germany like this, germany would not have humiliated the french for a second time.
@@adelclay5283 the USA was a global power but not a super power. They also joined the war effort at the very end and submitted themselves to French leaders. Secondly the Supreme Allied Commander who coordinated all of the Entente forces was French (Foch) and was the same person who received the german armistice of november 11. Not to mention the treaty was signed in Versailles not another country. German inflation started with the outbreak of ww2 as part of the industrial effort. You mention reparations being too heavy which is another myth but this time from the english economist Keynes who was debunked my Mantoux nearly 80 years ago. Lastly France has the most successful recorded military history. France was the military land power since the Treaty of Westphalia back in 1648. Napoleon marched on Berlin in half the time it took mechanized german troops to enter Paris. Humiliation is truly when one accepts the propaganda of the enemy which in exactly your case spouting american and english revisionism.
The english supported france because france owned 2/3 of africa. There they have introduced something later to be known as "white supremacy". That means that a large population being governed in a so called "Colony" enjoys less rights than actual civilians and contribute to the french economy by costing less money and not being given humane rights. All that was dependend on the SKIN COLOUR. A german occupation of paris might have resulted in french break away colonies which could also have resulted in other colonies (like british colonies) to do the same
Awesome documentary but I'm a bit skeptical about the title because although relevant, it's apt to scare away the very people that need to know this type of history!
I was more worried about him using the figure 400 Hiroshimas to describe the earhtquake. It completely undid my understanding of the causes of Pearl Harbor.
What France wanted was no different than what Germany wanted after the Franco-Prussia war. The difference was that France actually paid the demanded reparations and Germany never did.
@si james we are discussing WW1 and not WW2. But actually when it comes to WW2 they also did not pay the full mount that would match even remotely the destruction they caused. They lucked out because of the cold war.
@si james since you mention 4 years I believe that you are referring to WW1 and not WW2 in this post? Again, Germany never paid WW1 reparations in full. It is, in fact, the biggest recorded payment default in 20th century history: germanywatch.blogspot.com/2011/11/germany-biggest-debt-transgressor-in.html
@@tonyromano6220 If I didn't either there would be no reason to make the point that reality has become unbearable. Not that it's not present at your location or mine
So you live somewhere in reality and if you didn’t it would be real enough to be unbearable so it is there, but not so much to point it out bc somewhere else unbearable reality is present 🧐
The Brits not renewing the treaty with Japan was a price to be paid as part of the Washington Naval Conference. It wasn't racism by anyone. It was power politics.
@@robertmoore6149 Europe and Japan could have easily stood up to the USA, even after WW1 (Balance of Power). Of course the Brits also sold their soul at Versailles. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Century Like a boxer who didn't see the left hook coming.... Oh well. Too bad.
@@robertmoore6149 London was looking in the wrong direction. They thought "divide and rule" of the continent would secure their position as nr.1 in the world... So in the beginning there was a king on a golden throne, surrounded by lords, who made every single continental citizen "the enemy" as a default setting... www.britannica.com/topic/balance-of-power
@@robertmoore6149 Geopolitics is everything. It is the "ring which rules all the other rings"... Unfortunately, GB had short-sighted politicians. With their own "Policy of Balance of Power", they dug a deep grave into which Europe fell first, then followed by their own Empire.
Germany had plenty of coal and iron, two main drivers of the recovery, contrary to Italy and Japan that had basically no natural resources to make use of
Coal, iron and timber- and Germany intentionally defaulted on its reparations payments in each. This shows that Germany never had any intention of accepting the Treaty of Versailles.
@si james The Treaty was a sham. The amount that Britain and France said publicly that Germany had to pay was far more than what they were telling Germany in private to actually pay. The British and French governments wanted their populations to believe that Germany was being punished to a level that those governments knew Germany wasn't going to actually pay. But, Germany defaulted first thing on the payments for the real amount. Also, the obligations that the Treaty of Versailles imposed on the Germans were no harsher than what Germany had imposed on the Russians.
@@christianpatriot7439 Why would they? Pay 250 000 000 000 Mark? Why? In money of those time. That's like 25 trillion in todays money. For what? For making peace? Make insane laws and you will be payed back in blood. Sound fair?
@@MWcrazyhorse How was it insane to make the Germans pay for the physical destruction they inflicted on Belgium and France or pay compensation for the millions of people they killed?
I think you are confusing WW1 with WW2; as while during WW2 Germany, Italy and Japan were all on the same side (Axis) ; in WW1 Germany plus the other Central Powers Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire was opposed to both Japan AND Italy who along with Great Britain (including Commonwealth Nations), France, Russia, Romania, and the United States (the Allied Powers) were the allies in WW1.
Love this series. But unfortunately footage used isn't very accurate and in some cases obviously comes from later period. What does view of Prague in supposed footage of invasion on Corfu. Also hyperinflation coverage seems to have some errors like 600 * 10^12 Mark for $, it never was that much, think they added 3 zeros too many. And Rentenmark note comes from late 1930s
Yes. In the part where they report on the Japanese earthquake of the 20s, too, a section of film showing bloodied men is actually WW2 USA footage of Japanese soldiers surrendering on some island or other. Okinawa, I think. Which is 1944 or 1945.
@@Robbi496well ive personally been to France, Marseille was one of the ports we hit while I was on a deployment with the Navy and I can tell you that the people there are not welcoming if you don't speak French. I don't have a very high regard for them as a result.
President Harding had a mini depression on his hands in 1921 and he handled it very well, that’s what led to the “Roaring Twenties” starting in 1923. FDR did the opposite of Harding and that’s why FDR could not pull out of the depression, it was WW2 that did that.
Q. What was done during WW2 that Roosevelt tried to do during the depression but was held back by concerns about federal deficit and debt? A. Massive infusion of federal cash into the domestic economy and by adding tens of millions of people to the fed payroll. The war-time economic boom was not prevented by the confiscatory marginal income tax rates enacted to finance the New Deal. By 1936 it seemed the nation was well on the way to recover but deficit panic set in, federal spending was reduced and the secondary depression in 1937 was the result of that. The only way your hypothesis has any support is by simplifying the history beyond recognition.
This is a valuable series but a lot of fast and loose editing is evident - e.g. scenes of battered Japanese WW2 prisoners and Okinawan civilians standing in for Kanto earthquake victims.
Why does it matter if he was a Jew? Do you mean in terms of religion or genetic ancestry? I can see why it would matter if he was killing lambs in blood sacrifice for his dark God of the ancient world. That would be terrible.
You can go tell a national socialist he’s a leftie then. I bet that will go well for you. You might as well tell him he’s Jewish while you’re at it. Just explain that you, with your Uber intellect, understand his politics better than he does.
Whatever, being punished for starting an aggressive war that destroyed a generation is no excuse for starting another one. The Germans are 100% responsible for starting both wars.
@@taylorlibby7642 Could I get a copy of the definitive WWI history book you are reading from? All mine seem to be defective, as they all reference a power called "Austria-Hungary".
The French often seem to be their own worst enemies, and seem blissfully unaware of it. How they managed to remain relevant for as long as they have, is a curiosity.
I have always wanted a documentary about the role of the bankers prior to WW2
Inflation is happening like this again NOW.....
B******s aren't they? They should have the wealth they looted from all the blood sacrifice sequestered.
Europa The Last battle.
'I'd like a loaf of bread please.'
'That'll be 140 billion.'
Oh, special Low price today?
Angebot ? Black Friday Angebot ?
And that was for an unsliced loaf. :)
Have you got change for a trillion
@@SeasiderPhil no , sorry . I just bought a Milchkaffee and now I got to change another trillion to pay the Parkschein for another half of an hour .
A fascinating documentary on the geopolitics of the early 1920's but I don't know why it was given such a misleading title here on YT as it has little or nothing to say about right wing terrorism in Weimar.
Agree, this website has lots of great documentaries but sometimes the titles don't seem correct.
It's typical clickbait.
Ok. I thought it was just me.
There really wasn't any "right wing terrorism" in Weimar. The only "right wing" groups that committed any violence was the Freikorps and the only violence they committed was shooting the unwelcome communists and Marxists every time the Reds tried to take over a city, like Levine's Bavarian Soviets did in Munich, and the Spartacists did in Berlin. Hence, since this was action against political thugs, and not citizens, it is not considered "terrorism" in the clinical definition. At the time the SA Brown Shirt thugs started intimidating people towards the end of Weimar, they were still under Rohm's control, and were more of a "left-wing" nationalist group than the "right wing" SS which didn't become prominent until after the Weimar. That's my take on it anyway, I'm sure you'll get others who would see it differently.
@@jackprecip5389 What is the "clinical" definition of terrorism? A url will suffice.
17:20 My grandpa have one of those, got it from his dad, when he visited Germany in the during the 1920s.
He said: "It was cheaper to use 1.000.000 mark, than toilet paper."
So how well used was it?
Good documentary, you didn't need to put a misleading and clickbait title.
Pp
Pp
Lo@S Macca
Exactly.
I know right smfh
How is that click baity? Literally just an objective description of what rose out of WWI in Germany.
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The title and content seem to be at odds - the French are mentioned occasionally, and in passing.
I agree. The narrative weaves all over the place, all uttered in a flippant tone incongruous with the subject matter. This is third-rate meaningless meandering nonsense.
Anything blaming the french is a perfect click bait.
I've noticed this channel is very inconsistent. Rule of thumb when it comes to Timeline, take it with a grain of salt.
This video is one part of a 7(?) Part series called "Impossible Peace" which is a detailed look at the years in between the two World Wars. But instead of labeling them in numerical order they give clickbait titles to each part of the documentary posted on UA-cam. I think it's a very well done series, but the UA-cam titles are misleading and confusing.
@@MrGouldilocks The title is partisan and a foregone conclusion as well.
The title also implies the blame of what comes later goes on france...
there is a wide spread view that blame the french for the treaty of versailles is blame shifting. the blame should be put on the nations that walked away from the treaty.
I sense the same sort of this atmosphere coming in this decade and a little bit beyond. Seriously challenging times on a much more immediately global scale. We will have these times again very much so.
France’s harshness to Germany at the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 was one of the contributing factors that caused the outbreak of WW2. PM David Lloyd George and President Woodrow Wilson desired leniency and only wanted Germany to disarm significantly for a period of time and reparations that did not cripple the German economy. Lloyd George opposed revenge and attempted to compromise between Clemenceau's demands and the Fourteen Points, because Europe would eventually have to reconcile with Germany.Lloyd George wanted terms of reparation that would not cripple the German economy, so that Germany would remain a viable economic power and trading partner..
But President Clemanceau wanted reparations of the sum of £280 billion from a defeated and bankrupted country. He used emotional blackmail to persuade other allies to adhere by it. Basically stating most of the fighting took place on French soil, and French soldiers had the significant higher causalities. He stated Clemenceau told Wilson: "America is far away, protected by the ocean. Not even Napoleon himself could touch England. You are both sheltered; we are not". Clemenceau intended to ensure the security of France, by weakening Germany economically, militarily, territorially and by supplanting Germany as the leading producer of steel in Europe.British economist and Versailles negotiator John Maynard Keynes summarized this position as attempting to "set the clock back and undo what, since 1870, the progress of Germany had accomplished." He also started it was a “Carthaginian Peace”.
Clemenceau was so blinded by revenge, that he completely ignored French history. At the Congress of Vienna 1814, the allies did not impose reparations or on France for the damaged caused to Europe by Napoleon Bonaparte, France got off lightly. Even in the wars of the 18th century, treaties agreed upon by France with the victors, were fair, with the exchange of colonies and vice versa.
And this French harshness to Germany was a reaction to German harshness toward France after after defeating France in the Franco-Prussian war. And so you have an endless cycle of vengeance and counter-vengeance. Generosity toward the defeated by the victor sometimes proves more beneficial than harshness to both the victor and the defeated. Sometimes you must show mercy to others if you are to be generous to yourself.
Link the Wikipedia you stole this from and tried to pass off as your own lol😅
The loss of West Prussia to a lesser degree Alsace and Lorraine. The economic collapse led to Nazism. Up until WW2, Fascism in Italy had posed no threat to Europe and for its era had legitimate demands. It's why today many WW2 historians are revising how bad Mussolini and National Fascism was for Italy.
The Austrian Accord in early 1800s let France off with nearly zero sanctions.
You copy pasted this reply in multiple videos.
Very good at filling in the gaps and great world overview really informative piece thanks
Yeah, this vid is really good. The details in it are fascinating.
Indeed
Very good documentary. Thank you.
I would love to watch more in depth films of some of these events, maybe country by country. There are too many things covered in this video so it couldn't go as deep. Anyway thank you for the good content.
Check out The Great War channel, and the "Between the Wars" series, which covers events of 1919-1939 plus a whole lot more.
Just the same old propaganda.
@@indy_go_blue6048 I came here to say the same. I miss Indy Neidell....
@@EQOAnostalgia Just calling it all the same is the type of ignorance that allows such things to happen
@@EQOAnostalgia The violent hatred against anyone who has other ideas or views of life is a hallmark of leftist ideology, hi Antifa, BLM ,Woke and the rest of the left-wing mess, the Nazis were socialists.
Excellent with a lot of bonus, often ignored information and intersting arguements. Thank you for making this available to everyone.
I'm a 62 year old American history buff with a university degree and I still don't understand what "white civilization" is supposed to mean.
@43:47 Sultan al-Atrash, two members of his family Farid al-Atrash was a Syrian-Egyptian great composer and Oud (Luth) virtuoso, his sister Amal (aka Asmahan) was a singer with golden voice. The irony is that the last name al-Atrash means _The Deaf_ in Arabic, but I can assure you that those two great artists weren't. 😊
Time saving tip: when you show us a picture of a guy in a top hat with a Monocle, you don’t have to waste time telling us that he’s British.
English*
British implies he could be from England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.
Lloyd George, Bonnar Law and Mac Donald all wore top hats on occasion, were UK prime ministers, none of them were English.
Just here to watch the comments descent into madness.
Jack so you can't say American anymore either then as someone could be from Texas, California or any number of states.
He could be the guy from Monopoly.
notably excellent , superb narrative, accuratte data , great context of circumnstances.... very alluring .... impecabble quality .... is a must for those who love history....
Nothing changes, the name J P Morgan continues to lie at the bottom of any downturn in the money market
Yup because you can't say the real culprits name in public, whom JP Morgan was a protege of and that is Rothschild.
This is very good. Even the commercial breaks were edited in nicely.
"Commercial breaks"? Thanks for the warning. I'm out!
Explendid! Loved every minute of it..
Thank you for posting - very interesting.
I enjoyed this documentary. Thank you
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE Mussolini was a Socialist when he was younger, not a Communist.
How did this documentary manage to shoehorn the KKK in USA into a documentary about French demands for WW1 reparations from Germany?
Because the documentary does not have a very good title. Its content is about far more than that specific issue or event.
This documentary aims to cover the most important events that happened around the world in the interwar period
Because you idiot the study of history is the forecasting of tomorrow
Because TDS
Because the documentary wasn't actually about that. The title is inaccurate. It was about the pre-WW2 period in general and the rise of fascism was a huge part of it. They mentioned the KKK in comparison to European fascist movements. The similarities have long been noted by historians. Why would you be touchy about that?
An interesting documentary, despite the very misleading title; lots of historians who know their stuff and lots of great footage. As someone born in Calvin Coolidge's home state, I'm always amused by the portrayals of him; another non-compliment was, "He looks like he was weaned on a pickle." At some point, when one or more of the WW I allies asked the US for reductions or cancellations of their war loans, he declined, stating, "They hired the money, didn't they?" Another Coolidge story (perhaps apocryphal, although it would be entirely in character) concerns a dinner at which the woman sitting next to him said, "Oh, Mister President, I made a bet with a friend that I could get you to say more than two words," to which Coolidge is supposed to have replied, "You lose."
I live in VT for five years. Beautiful state.
There are quite a few 'Silent Cal' stories. I like the one regarding the journalists who were waiting outside the church he attended. When the service finished they swarmed towards him:
"What did the Minister talk about in his sermon, Mr President?"
"Sin"
"What did he say about it?"
"He was against it".
In the same documentary they claim the "how can you tell" comment about Coolidge was an "indictment of his Presidency" minutes after noting that Mussolini said that "fascism was action" with no sense of irony. Give me Coolidge every day of the week and twice on Sunday over the active authoritarian governments of the era. But then I am an American.
@@gregkline5746 a fair comment in itself but looking at domestic politics, you have to admit Coolidge was a light-weight. He would never appear on a list of Great Presidents.
Whether true or not, never let the truth get in the way of a good story ! 😉👍🏻
Thank You , now You “make “my YT more accessible to my ears! Regards
Monika
The British ending their alliance wasn't based on racism, as the documentary implies. It was part of the price to be paid for a settlement at the Washington Naval Conference. (US didnt want to be ganged up on in the Pacific)
Most of these documentaries i've seen are always hellbent on inserting some sort of liberal rhetoric or bits of propaganda within them that benefits the radical narrative of leftists today. I doubt it's a constant coincidence. These programs are probably bought out to an extent.
Perhaps the US should have stayed out of the Pacific? It's taking over. of former Spanish possessions as well as Hawaii was seen as threatening. by Japan a it was. building up naval. bases there. As well the construction of the Panama Canal was an additional way to extend the power of the greatly strengthened US navy and President Roosevelts dispatching of 'The Great White Fleet' on a round world cruise in the 19000's was hardly re-assuring to the Japanese who had to cope with Imperial Russia doing something similar just recently.
@@edwardhogan1877 "Stay out of the Pacific"? Discounting territories and sticking only with states, (at the time) where exactly are California, Oregon and Washington supposed to be relocated to?
The title is definitely WRONG. The numbers for the hyper inflation is staggering to comprehend.
Misleading title. Typical Timeline.
VERY TYPICAL BRITISH - / OUR HANDS ARE QUITE CLEAN / OLD SPORT / - WHAT -?
Timeline does not make up the title the uploader does.
Dennis...remember when the History chanel used to show documentaries like this? I'm pretty sure the production company creates the title, not the uploader; the choose clips/images from the period in question, they write the script/story line based on the material at hand and the theme and they edit it. Then we watch it.
@@marinazagrai1623 I agree with Marina, Dennis. Probably more than four quick words of condemnation, however you look at it.
Excellent video very informative thanks for uploading it
It is odd that footage of a Colt single action revolver being fired should be used to symbolize the shooting of Walther Rathenau rather than the gun that was actually used by the assassins, an MP 18 Bergmann sub-machine gun. One must wonder what other insignificant details were revised, with what cumulative effect?
Would make a great little essay, I'm sure.
It is im possible for us to comprehend the mindset of a war weary, half starved, world such as europe in 1918.
It’s probably possible if you live in any of the countries the West has spent the last half century destabilising and bombing into oblivion
@@PeacetimePuma Russia has dropped more bombs on Syria than any country since Iraq in 2003-2007
@@brandonducks DIDN'T RUSSIA ONLY GET INVOLVED IN "SYRIA" SINCE 2011, BY INVITATION OF BASHARA AL ASSAD TO HELP RESCUE HIS COUNTRY FROM ALL TERRORISTS THAT WERE BEING FINANCED BY SAUDIS, TO OVER THROW HIS LEGITIMATE GOVERNMENT?!🤔
@@Plainsimple67 no you’re just a fascist conspiracy theorist
@@brandonducks YAH SSSUUURRREEE!!😉👌 CURIOUS WHAT YOU THINK OF YOURSELF AND WHAT CATEGORY YOU FALL IN, SINCE YOU CAN CLAIM WHATEVER YOU WANT OTHERS TO BE??!!🤷♂️😉😂
No one can even imagine the effects of such massive inflation on the zGerman nation! This program describes that catastrophe fairly well. I wonder if the Triple Entente had not imposed this fatal policy of crippling reparations on Germany, whether the German Weimar Republic might have weathered the storm and Hitler's Storm troopers might not have been able to Bvb take power later in 1932?
The American president, who'd had a stroke, would NOT waiver from his demands that Germany suffer. Intractability and irrational stubbornness can result from stroke.
@@ROOKTABULA Oh please, compare the treaty Versailles to what the germans did to the soviet union at Brest-Litovsk, or what the allies did with the treaties concerning Austria-Hungary, and there can only be the conclusion that germany had a fairly mild treaty. After the franco-prussian war the germans actually occupied northern france untill the french paid the entire reparation sum. The germans never even paid half of their reparations.
A dear school friend only came to be due to the disaster, chaos, absurdity of the Versailles treaty.
You realize that the Germans barely paid a nickel on a dollar of the reparations, right? And most of that was from money loaned them by the US. You also realize that the German military-industrial complex paid off most of its internal debts with worthless money as a result of the hyperinflation as well, right?
@@slome815 in the wake of the disaster of WWII, this is your defense? Try again.
The Treaty of Versaille and French attitude towards Germany may have been punitive but Germany invaded and occupied French territory for years completely devastating the areas,stripping them never mind the actual destruction and death caused by the war
In the event that the Schlieffen Plan had worked and Germany had won a quick victory it was thier intention to impose punitive conditions on France to render them incapable of posing a threat to Germany .
I would have reminded French leaders of the role their own leaders played in escalating the July Crisis.
[From wiki]
"In 1913, it had been announced that Poincaré would visit St. Petersburg in July 1914 to meet Tsar Nicholas II. Accompanied by Premier René Viviani, Poincaré went to Russia for the second time (but for the first time as president) to reinforce the Franco-Russian Alliance. On 15 July, the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, Count Leopold von Berchtold, informed foreign countries through a back-channel of Austria-Hungary's intention to present an ultimatum to Serbia.[24] When Poincaré arrived in St. Petersburg on 20 July, the Russians told him by 21 July of the Austrian ultimatum and German support for Austria.[24] Although Prime Minister Viviani was supposed to be in charge of French foreign policy, *Poincaré promised the Tsar unconditional French military backing for Russia against Austria-Hungary and Germany.[25]"*
*Viola....a French "blank cheque"?*
[Continued]
*"In his discussions with Nicholas II, Poincaré talked openly of winning an eventual war, not avoiding one.[21]"*
Me: So much for the "we just want peace"- version of events.
[Continued]
*"Later, he attempted to hide his role in the outbreak of military conflict and denied having promised Russia anything.[21]"*
Bearing false witness?
@@ralphbernhard1757 So France cannot visit their allies? France was under obligation to support Russia. Germany was under no obligation to support Austrian belligerence. It certainly takes multiple parties to tango, however enough of absolving Germany; they are not blameless.
@@ralphbernhard1757 I would remind you that Wilhelm visited Franz Ferdinand at his (Ferdinand's) palace of Konopisch (sp?) just a month before his assassination.
@@indy_go_blue6048 Wilhelm did not talk about "how to win a war" with Ferdinand.
France declared war too. It was fair game.
Very good documentary on the aftermath of WWI although it has little to do with the relationship at the time between Germany and France.
This is a fascinating doc, but the title is rather misleading... *very* little to do w/France. Great to hear about the tragic earthquake in Japan, which I'd n'er heard of prior. I must say though, that it gives an excellent explanation (be it piecemeal) on how the 'War to End all Wars' was absolutely unsuccessful.
Where is everybody seeing France? It says Weimar Germany on the title.
@@dustinandtarynwolfe5540 exactly! I am thinking it must have recently been changed.
what a great series
Excellent documentary and narrator.
Jeremy Irons
"America in 1920s did not have paramilitary fascist street fighters...."
100 years later...it does now.
☝🏼 ua-cam.com/video/IQPsKvG6WMI/v-deo.html
Liked it very much, but Lenin died in 1924, not in 1922. Love the style of a narrator.
He definitely has a good speaking voice
I can see history repeating itself. Excellent video, thank you.
Sad but true, sometimes humans never learn.
Didn't help that France humiliated Germany as much as they could by sending their colonial troops to a shattered German economy. Occupying German land and the rest is history.
The Germans did the same thing, or I should say the Prussians did likewise when they defeated the French back in like 1875 or so.
@Suman Kundu France was considered the biggest military power between WW1-WW2. Germany twice self sabotaged their own economy during WW1 through inflation and after. Talk about humiliating. If black people offend you that's your racist humiliation no one elses.
@@Argozification lol no U.S. was known as the biggest with UK being second. The germans had to print money because they had to pay for all the damage in WW1 while losing big parts of their country that were extremely vital for their economy and industry. These terms were not part of the armistice deal and were brought up out of nowhere in treaty of versailles. Had the allies not treated germany like this, germany would not have humiliated the french for a second time.
@@adelclay5283 you have learned american revisionist history as a German and are talking about humiliation?
@@adelclay5283 the USA was a global power but not a super power. They also joined the war effort at the very end and submitted themselves to French leaders.
Secondly the Supreme Allied Commander who coordinated all of the Entente forces was French (Foch) and was the same person who received the german armistice of november 11. Not to mention the treaty was signed in Versailles not another country.
German inflation started with the outbreak of ww2 as part of the industrial effort. You mention reparations being too heavy which is another myth but this time from the english economist Keynes who was debunked my Mantoux nearly 80 years ago.
Lastly France has the most successful recorded military history. France was the military land power since the Treaty of Westphalia back in 1648. Napoleon marched on Berlin in half the time it took mechanized german troops to enter Paris.
Humiliation is truly when one accepts the propaganda of the enemy which in exactly your case spouting american and english revisionism.
Thank you sooo much!
Has this channel created a video on Left wing terrorism ???
Thank 😊 you such an awesome video!!!!!
This feels like it's happening right now in many ways.
Yea except it's left wing terrorism
@@Timo8.2. ya, it's the script flipped.
@@Timo8.2. found the FOX "news"/OANN propaganda viewer ^^^
@@thucydd found the FOX "news"/OANN propaganda viewer ^^^
Thanks to trump's love of authoritarianism
“Hey everyone welcome to my big weird face instead of a history documentary”
Thanks
The French never did get punished for invading other countries.
The english supported france because france owned 2/3 of africa. There they have introduced something later to be known as "white supremacy". That means that a large population being governed in a so called "Colony" enjoys less rights than actual civilians and contribute to the french economy by costing less money and not being given humane rights. All that was dependend on the SKIN COLOUR. A german occupation of paris might have resulted in french break away colonies which could also have resulted in other colonies (like british colonies) to do the same
really good script in these Timeline videos. This and the Broken Promise that Led to War
Awesome documentary but I'm a bit skeptical about the title because although relevant, it's apt to scare away the very people that need to know this type of history!
It's actually not relevant at all. This video didn't show any right wing violence and there barely was any at all.
Thank you
Nice doc about post WWI Europe, but starting minute 24 the shots meant to depict earthquake-ravaged Tokyo are in fact Tokyo after WWII firebombing!
I was more worried about him using the figure 400 Hiroshimas to describe the earhtquake. It completely undid my understanding of the causes of Pearl Harbor.
Thanks!
30:49 I didn’t realize Prague was in Corfu.
That's like a 1000 mile difference, whats going on? lol
I love the narrator's style!
This is a pretty good documentary, but leaves a few facts and events out.on the whole, OK.
It focuses on how WW1 set up WW2 with impossible peace terms.
Superb narrator.
When Dorothy Parker was told Coolidge had died, her response: 'How can you tell?' Bit savage!
But accurate.....
This was my favorite part of the entire documentary. What a legend
Who made this good documentary? Credits please.
..
What does this have to do with how the French wanted to punish the Germans?
chrisdfx1 god knows!
love the part when the narrator laughs silently when addressing Lenins mummification.
"Our project is simple; We want to govern Italy." OMG, haha, thats a good one, very simple indeed!
“Simple, Efficient, Glorious” - Super Mutant Lieutenant from Fallout 1
¡A wonderful channel!
just imagine.....100k armed americans on DC.......
You were close
I've always wondered why there was money to buy uniforms and guns but the government didn't have money to procure food for its citizens?
Amazing detailed and unbiased portrait of a key part of history.
Tripping.
“Car” magazine became “Car and Golf”.
Fascinating.
What France wanted was no different than what Germany wanted after the Franco-Prussia war. The difference was that France actually paid the demanded reparations and Germany never did.
Germany also got help with the Dawes, Young and Marshall plan.
Yep spot on
@si james we are discussing WW1 and not WW2. But actually when it comes to WW2 they also did not pay the full mount that would match even remotely the destruction they caused. They lucked out because of the cold war.
@si james since you mention 4 years I believe that you are referring to WW1 and not WW2 in this post? Again, Germany never paid WW1 reparations in full. It is, in fact, the biggest recorded payment default in 20th century history: germanywatch.blogspot.com/2011/11/germany-biggest-debt-transgressor-in.html
@si james No I am afraid, germany never paid what they owed. France did.
Awesome documentary
When reality is so unbearable, folly and fantasy usurp reality. Welcome to 2020 America! I wish I could travel to Europe again.
General Delivery we have reality where I live.
@@tonyromano6220 If I didn't either there would be no reason to make the point that reality has become unbearable. Not that it's not present at your location or mine
So you live somewhere in reality and if you didn’t it would be real enough to be unbearable so it is there, but not so much to point it out bc somewhere else unbearable reality is present 🧐
Hitlet was the perfect answer but the Brits and French messed everything badly.
1922 sounds a lot like 2020 ngl.
I was thinking the same thought
Buy gold or get a wheelbarrow of cash to buy a loaf of bread after the virus ends.
History is something we should learn from, but yet here we are...🤔
Would you mind to talk about Communists assassinations, terrorism etc?
They have shown several other docs about that very subject. It has nothing to do with this particular subject in this particular time period
Who is the narrator? He is wonderful!
Do one on the rise of left-wing terrorism please
Why isn’t this talking about the Prussian Germans who were executed by Poland. Or the Ukrainians that were starved by Stalin.
The Brits not renewing the treaty with Japan was a price to be paid as part of the Washington Naval Conference. It wasn't racism by anyone. It was power politics.
London first sold their soul for a 5-5-3-2-2 deal with the USA.
Then they lost their Empire to the smarter geopolitics of Washington D.C...
@@ralphbernhard1757 Well Britain and Japan couldn't afford an arms race with th US. So a deal was struck.
@@robertmoore6149 Europe and Japan could have easily stood up to the USA, even after WW1 (Balance of Power).
Of course the Brits also sold their soul at Versailles.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Century
Like a boxer who didn't see the left hook coming....
Oh well.
Too bad.
@@robertmoore6149 London was looking in the wrong direction.
They thought "divide and rule" of the continent would secure their position as nr.1 in the world...
So in the beginning there was a king on a golden throne, surrounded by lords, who made every single continental citizen "the enemy" as a default setting...
www.britannica.com/topic/balance-of-power
@@robertmoore6149 Geopolitics is everything.
It is the "ring which rules all the other rings"...
Unfortunately, GB had short-sighted politicians.
With their own "Policy of Balance of Power", they dug a deep grave into which Europe fell first, then followed by their own Empire.
THE DOCUMENTARY PRESENTED HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THE TITLE, ALTHOUGH IT WAS VERY INTERESTING
Germany had plenty of coal and iron, two main drivers of the recovery, contrary to Italy and Japan that had basically no natural resources to make use of
Coal, iron and timber- and Germany intentionally defaulted on its reparations payments in each. This shows that Germany never had any intention of accepting the Treaty of Versailles.
@si james The Treaty was a sham. The amount that Britain and France said publicly that Germany had to pay was far more than what they were telling Germany in private to actually pay. The British and French governments wanted their populations to believe that Germany was being punished to a level that those governments knew Germany wasn't going to actually pay. But, Germany defaulted first thing on the payments for the real amount.
Also, the obligations that the Treaty of Versailles imposed on the Germans were no harsher than what Germany had imposed on the Russians.
@@christianpatriot7439 Why would they? Pay 250 000 000 000 Mark? Why? In money of those time.
That's like 25 trillion in todays money. For what? For making peace?
Make insane laws and you will be payed back in blood. Sound fair?
@@MWcrazyhorse How was it insane to make the Germans pay for the physical destruction they inflicted on Belgium and France or pay compensation for the millions of people they killed?
I think you are confusing WW1 with WW2; as while during WW2 Germany, Italy and Japan were all on the same side (Axis) ; in WW1 Germany plus the other Central Powers Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire was opposed to both Japan AND Italy who along with Great Britain (including Commonwealth Nations), France, Russia, Romania, and the United States (the Allied Powers) were the allies in WW1.
The real threat of communists/socialist gave raise to fascism.
Love this series. But unfortunately footage used isn't very accurate and in some cases obviously comes from later period. What does view of Prague in supposed footage of invasion on Corfu.
Also hyperinflation coverage seems to have some errors like 600 * 10^12 Mark for $, it never was that much, think they added 3 zeros too many. And Rentenmark note comes from late 1930s
Yes. In the part where they report on the Japanese earthquake of the 20s, too, a section of film showing bloodied men is actually WW2 USA footage of Japanese soldiers surrendering on some island or other. Okinawa, I think. Which is 1944 or 1945.
When I watch this channel I only expect them to be generally correct at best still taking grains of salt with that.
I am unable to find a source for Lord D'Abernon's quote at -44:22. Can anyone assist me in finding it?
I more poignant title might surely be ‘Hyperinflation and the Weimar Republic’ - consequence of the Great War catalyst for WW2’
Who is the narrator? He's great!!!
why do I get the feeling this documentary has strong leftwing overtones
Why "leftwing"?
Do you prefer "right wing" documentaries?
@@ralphbernhard1757 no, neutral documentaries
It's factual with no overtones, except in your imagination
@pammens miss Calm down. Take your meds....
Because you are sympathetic to racism and/or fascism?
I like it but contents and title do not seem to match all that well French are mentioned but they take up like 3 minutes at most.
The French may have had their day after WW1, but Germany got revenge on them many-fold in the Second World War.
And Germany suffered again after world war 2 and France sailed on
@@Patrick3183 as a second rate nation, yup.
@@jebbroham1776 I bet you if you ask the French if they are a second - rate nation, you might get beat up or snubbed?
@@Robbi496well ive personally been to France, Marseille was one of the ports we hit while I was on a deployment with the Navy and I can tell you that the people there are not welcoming if you don't speak French. I don't have a very high regard for them as a result.
@@jebbroham1776 I was in WEST Germany in the early 70's and if you did not at least TRY to speak German, they were not friendly either!
One cannot honestly understand the rise of right wing terrorism in Weimar without understanding the rise of communist terrorism.
It's sad that you still believe the lies of the Nazis
@@m.r4841 Least delusional leftist:
President Harding had a mini depression on his hands in 1921 and he handled it very well, that’s what led to the “Roaring Twenties” starting in 1923. FDR did the opposite of Harding and that’s why FDR could not pull out of the depression, it was WW2 that did that.
Q. What was done during WW2 that Roosevelt tried to do during the depression but was held back by concerns about federal deficit and debt?
A. Massive infusion of federal cash into the domestic economy and by adding tens of millions of people to the fed payroll. The war-time economic boom was not prevented by the confiscatory marginal income tax rates enacted to finance the New Deal. By 1936 it seemed the nation was well on the way to recover but deficit panic set in, federal spending was reduced and the secondary depression in 1937 was the result of that.
The only way your hypothesis has any support is by simplifying the history beyond recognition.
Everything done in the “roaring twenties” is actually what led to the Great Depression
The title doesn’t match the content. I would like to know if there is a series. Interesting film.
It's an Australian series called The Impossible Peace. It was available through Amazon.
@@theConquerersMama thanks mate, I did find it later. My comment was premature.
This title is a freaking bad joke.
There is an inaccuracy in this excellent clip. Emperor Hirohito was enthroned in 1926.
27:31 well, we sure do now
This is a valuable series but a lot of fast and loose editing is evident - e.g. scenes of battered Japanese WW2 prisoners and Okinawan civilians standing in for Kanto earthquake victims.
This is done often when actual footage of events cannot be found or used.
Rathenau was a Jew, as were many of those who agreed to the Versailles treaty.. This was remembered in Germany..and apparently forgotten in the West..
Why does it matter if he was a Jew? Do you mean in terms of religion or genetic ancestry?
I can see why it would matter if he was killing lambs in blood sacrifice for his dark God of the ancient world.
That would be terrible.
Interesting
The worst inflation EVER was in Hungary in 1946.
He meant to the date which is true
@41 Hi Jinx, I did not know. I would have thought the French Assignat and the German Deutschmark.
Fascism is left wing as it aligns with socialism. Right wing is conservative, far right is anarchy. Why do so many people get that wrong?
I'll bet you were home-schooled.
@@kkpenney444 He's right, and you sound desperate with the personal attacks.
@@EQOAnostalgia You're both helplessly wrong. Go take a political science or theory class.
@@kkpenney444 exactly. Political science terms used world wide don't always match US common (to some) usage for parties.different spectrum lines.
You can go tell a national socialist he’s a leftie then. I bet that will go well for you. You might as well tell him he’s Jewish while you’re at it. Just explain that you, with your Uber intellect, understand his politics better than he does.
The French were at least 50% to blame for WW2
Whatever, being punished for starting an aggressive war that destroyed a generation is no excuse for starting another one. The Germans are 100% responsible for starting both wars.
@@taylorlibby7642 Could I get a copy of the definitive WWI history book you are reading from? All mine seem to be defective, as they all reference a power called "Austria-Hungary".
The French often seem to be their own worst enemies, and seem blissfully unaware of it. How they managed to remain relevant for as long as they have, is a curiosity.
@@taylorlibby7642 the germans were responsible for ww2. But not ww1
@@BoffinGrusky as oppose to you who ceased to be relevant in just two sentences well done!
My grandfather was a master gunnery Sgt. In WW1 . He punished the Germans the best he could....