Drug Tolerance and Dependence | General Pharmacology | Drug Tolerance | Drug Dependence

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Tolerance happens when a person no longer responds to a drug in the way they did at first. So it takes a higher dose of the drug to achieve the same effect as when the person first used it. This is why people with substance use disorders use more and more of a drug to get the “high” they seek.
Tolerance is what happens before dependence is formed. The body starts to recognize a chemical because it has been administered too often. When the body recognizes the chemical, the effects aren’t the same and more of the drug is required to achieve the desired effects. Those with a chemical tolerance will take more of a drug or drink more alcohol to feel the way they want to. Examples of this will be a drug user taking twice the dose or an alcoholic drinking hard liquor when everyone else is drinking a glass of wine.
Dependence means that when a person stops using a drug, their body goes through “withdrawal”: a group of physical and mental symptoms that can range from mild (if the drug is caffeine) to life-threatening (such as alcohol or opioids, including heroin and prescription pain relievers). Many people who take prescription medicine every day over a long period of time can become dependent; when they go off the drug, they need to do it gradually, to avoid withdrawal discomfort. But people who are dependent on a drug or medicine aren’t necessarily addicted.
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