Chromosome Numbers During Division: Demystified!
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- Опубліковано 13 вер 2015
- Confused with how chromosome numbers change in mitosis and meiosis? The Amoeba Sisters walk you through the mystery of chromosome and chromatid counting in mitosis and meiosis. Video has handout: www.amoebasisters.com/handouts... 👇Expand details for table of contents.
Tale of Contents:
Number of Chromosomes in Humans 0:53
Basics of a Chromosome 1:03
Chromosome vs. Chromatid 1:31
Counting Chromosomes in Interphase 2:13
Mitosis Chromosome Chart 3:08
Meiosis Chromosome Chart 4:02
Correction:
2:36 It would have been more ideal to say centromere REGION instead of just centromere. We have a Short that explains how centromere can be defined differently (older definitions tend to defines as a region where the sister chromatids are held; others focus on the genetic sequence on each chromosome/chromatid) If going by the sequence definition of a centromere (more updated definition than older definitions), there would be one centromere per chromatid. Please see pinned comment. The main point: when sister chromatids are attached at the centromere REGION, we count as one chromosome.
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Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal
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We like to pin clarifications at the top of our videos. We've learned there are differences about how one defines the term 'centromere' and some more updated versions of textbooks are using a more detailed definition of molecular sequences making up the centromere - which means that when you have a chromosome with replicated chromatids - you could consider it to have two centromeres (one per sister chromatid) bound together in a region. Many textbooks still refer to a single centromere on a chromosome with two fully attached sister chromatids - as they are considering the complex where the centromeres are attached - and then they show fully separated sister chromatids with their own centromere. While we have done this as well by illustrating one centromere per eukaryotic chromosome, we think it is important to understand this complex is where they are joined with cohesin in the case of sister chromatids - as well as also understanding how the definition of centromere has changed. You can see a conversation about this here: twitter.com/AmoebaSisters/status/1192621868605419520 It would have been better for us to have said "centromere region" - and again, when sister chromatids are attached at the centromere region, it is still counted as one chromosome. If we update this video, we'll probably feature this information about the centromere and we'd like to improve our drawing to show the bound centromeres.
Amoeba Sisters I just wanted to say, I love your videos! They’re so helpful!
Okay thanks! I did very well on meiosis and I got a 90 on it! All thanks to you that I got it!
Thanks for clarifying
Thank you so much sisters.
This was so helpful
I hate this vid =-=
I don't think you understand how useful this video was, no teacher or book has ever told me that you would count chromosomes from the centromere and i was stuck for so long trying to understand the diagram in the book
THIS was EXACTLY my problem too!!! are they doing that on porpouse, hiding info that is useful for understanding biology??
SAME PINCH
I AM DOING THIS CHAPTER FOR SO MANY HOURS AND NOW I GET IT😅😅 ALL THANKS TO THE AMOEBA SISTERS
Yeah man, same here
Same :)
I know, it's ridiculous! Some people can be geniuses in their subject but complete idiots when it comes to teaching it!
You guys are helping even AP Bio students 😂. Honestly it seems funny how An animated cartoon of DNA is better than a APBIO textbook 😂
I swear!!! Even college students!!! 😖😅
ik right this channel needs a TON i mean TON of attention.
M in med school lol
me in 3rd year uni genetics lol
me watching amoeba sisters to study for my bio honors exam
Just letting you know, my biology teacher shows us your videos in class daily. They really have helped explained all this to the students in our class. Keep it up.
+beastorc55 Yay, we are so happy to hear that---thank you!! :D
I wish my bio teacher used these. I am pretty sure the whole class would get it and stop falling asleep during lectures...
beastorc55 same here.
Yess couldnt agree more keep up the GREAT work:) #BFFs
and after all these years, our teacher found out and started using them too :)
Best amoeba teacher of the year award goes to the Amoeba sisters.
"S phase:amount of DNA per cell doubles, but no increase in number of chromosomes " this is the line which was so confusing and we used to break our heads over it. Finally understood this only after watching your video. Helps a lot! Thanks, it was just amazing!!!
I managed to graduate from college without understanding this. Now I'm studying for the MCAT and this just made everything make soooo much sense. Thank you!
It’s been a year. How’d the MCAT go? Curious to see what you majored in.
@@hanniadimas8664 SAME lol
How’d it go?!
This is literally how I have been feeling over the past few weeks of studying for the MCAT. How did I make it through college and grad with a 3.84/4 without understanding this!
haha. my NMDACT test is 2 months from now and same is the case with me .
THANK YOU SO MUCH -- I FINALLY GET IT
It took me 8 videos to find out the numbers.
The charts you did at 3:44 and 4:30 are the MOST helpful numerations I have seen thus far.
Thank you thankyou thankyou !!!!!
Yup
Where can I sign up to attend Amoeba Sisters University in person?!?!? You guys are literally LIFE CHANGING!! Regardless of how professors present this information... nobody thinks to explain that ONE chromosome can have ONE chromatid or TWO chromatids. This basic piece of information clarified the main source of my confusion from every genetics lecture I've listened to. Soooooo thankful and appreciative for you guys! Also, your website and resources are beautiful!
How ironic is it that I am just reviewing this for physiology and I understood the mitosis and meiosis process but I never understood how it got from 46 to 92 to 46 in each cell in mitosis. Lol
Same
+hellokitty78ify Its pretty simple. Theres 46, then they duplicate, then the cell splits and back to 46. Simple. Thanks +amoeba sisters
Me too
Hahaha. Relateable.
It begins by 46 chromosomes but double structured( since it has been replicated in interphase) then when it gets in anaphase the chromosomes are split from the centromere so it becomes 46 single structured chromosomes and the chromatid count will also be 46
The confusion of the 92 chromosomes is because the chromosomes have split but the cell hasnt yet. So when the cytoplasm splits it becomes 2 cells have 46single structured chromosomes but prior to that as in anaphase 46 single structured chromosomes in each pole in the same cell
I went through high school honors biology and college biology BEFORE I ever realized that ONE CHROMATID is a chromosome AND TWO "joined" CHROMATIDS are ALSO a chromosome. No teacher ANYWHERE explained that simple concept. Once I realized that, I understood the whole concept of meiosis and mitosis (not just memorization for a test).
1:33 - would have saved me alot of time and energy 30 years ago!
Thank you very much!
THANK GOD for this video and for clearing up the definition of a chromosome/chromatid and explaining meiosis as chromatid going from 92 to 46 to 23. This makes so much more sense than the classic textbook explanation of 2n -> n -> n !!
This video and the one on Meiosis have helped me so much in my college Biology class. Sometimes it's so wordy in college and you need something simple to explain. Your illustrations are so great Petunia!
Thank you so much. I have an exam in 2 days and you saved me!
Same here,got one tomorrow.
praise melchizedek I have mine tomorrow
mine is tomorrow 😢😹
my ap exam is in 3 days
im finna get a 1 😜
Thank you so so so much !!!! I was breaking my head over this for 3 years long , came across 4 different teachers and no one ever explained me this !!!! Thank you so much amoeba sisters . You are making free and valuable videos for all students education and making learning in a fun way too . Lots of Thanks from India 👍👍
I’m learning this in Biology and I understand and learn more in a few min from watching your vids then an hour a day listening to my teacher talk
As a NEET Aspirant, loved this video It cleared all my doubts 💯
I AM SO THANKFUL FOR THIS SO MANY OF MY DOUBTS HAVE BEEN CLEARED YOURE THE BEST
I'm a senior in college with a biology major and I'm JUST NOW learning that there are 92 chromatids and you count chromosomes by the centromeres. Thank you so much for this!
This channel is literally saving my life one video at a time
You saved me from crying my grades away because I don't understand a single thing in cell division. thank you very much!!!
I am a teacher and I still get muddled up by this! Perfect video to show my A-level class. THANK YOU.
U're a freaking genious teacher. I could never get how this numbering goes and now it just made sence. Thank you!
When your teacher/tutor explains it poorly and your textbook is all over the place, and you find this video - damn.. Feels good.
WORDS CANNOT EXPRESS HOW MUCH GLAD I AM THAT THERE ARE PEOPLE LIKE YOU BETTER THAN MY BIOLOGY TEACHER THANK YOU SO MUCH AMOBEA SISTERS
Thank you so much for this! I am helping my son with his 7th grade science homework. We are both visual learners. Your illustrations and wording makes it so easy to process information. We were both diagnosed with ADHD. Reading words from a page can be challenging when it comes to understanding science. You are a life safer!
Why didn't i think of searching on youtube earlier 🤦♂️. Thank you very usefull
These videos are so incredibly helpful. My microbiology professor used them consistently, and I use them on my own time as well. Thank you so much!
I have an entrance exam for college this week. This is the most comprehensive and creative expanation of meiosis on all videos that i watched in youtube! Thank you so much
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Good job Amoeba Sisters! 3/4 of 100K subs, top of the internet!
This is the first time I fully understood the counting, thanks!
This is so much more easy to understand than my notes. You students must be doing very well in your science class! Keep up the good work!
Yessss now I get it!!! I'm freaking crying😭 thank you so much
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Thanks a LoT amoeba sister Now you are my sister Too... 😛 😆
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Thank you
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YAS QUEENT. IM LIVING FOR THESE SCIENCE VIDEOS.
using all your videos as a reviewer for my exam. you make stuff easier to understand
Amoeba Sisters you are my life saver!
I LOVE these videos for my 7th Grader. He is understanding this so much better by watching your videos and then re-reading his book. Thank you for making these!
This has saved my life, wayyyyyy easier to understand!!!
this is the best video ever, like no joke it cleared up the loophole and cleared up everything, and this isnt even mentioned in any book or even on the inter
Really really appreciate it. The very idea of numbers of chromosomes during cell division has bugged me for a long time. And this is the only video i found that helped me understand it completely. I really appreciate it. I would surely suggest this to anyone who wants to understand the topic.
Keep making such videos 👍👍👍
After reading 2 years now i am capable of understanding this topic.
Thanks a lot!!!
Keep doing
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i got confused on DNA for about 2month this video helped me THANKS , keep it up
Dear Amoeba sisters, I am so thankful to have come upon your videos!! It helps me so much on understanding things. Keep up the awesome job! Thankssss :D
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THANK YOU. Untill now, I didn't even know how much confused I was with those names. You made it clear for me and I am increadibly grateful for it
im taking biology now in high school and you guys have been saving my science grades since 6th grade ❤
THANK YOU YOURE THE ONLY PEOPLE WHOLL EXPLAIN THIS TO ME!
I have never wrote a comment like this for any educational video ever in my life but this one really helped me cause I was sick and tired for searching about the differences between chromosomes and chromatids and their numbers
Thank you very much
This video saved my life! Thank you for clearly explaining this.
Thank you so much for simplifying this topic, not even my uni's bio department head was able to simplify this concept for us. And now the MCAT books were doing no better. So thank you guys!
You do such a good job at explaining, the best videos i seen!
This is so far the best video on cell division so far.. nobody ever explained that way to count chromosomes...it literally cleared every doubt I had... that u soooo much
Seriously amazing video! I was struggling to get this concept for so long but this video finally made sense of it all. Thanks for such an understandable video!
Your videos are so helpful and thoughtful! Thank you for saving me before my quiz tomorrow
I love your videos, and finally, I understand mitosis and meiosis, you are my heroes.
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Thank you so much!! In school they only introduced the concept of mitosis and meiosis in like half a page, and it was extremely confusing :(. But after watching your wonderful mitosis and meiosis related videos, I understood what exactly happens :) (Of course there's a lot more to study but at least I got the fundamentals) Thank you so much for your efforts!! I truly appreciate it.
OMG I LOVE YOUR VIDEOS!!! You always explain in detail and I love this channel so much! The next Bill Nye?! I love your little doge clip at the end!
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Refreshing myself while studying with lil fun breaks watching your videos. thankful to have found your channel ❤️
thank you sooo much for this video, literally the concept had me in tears as i was not able to understand i tbut now its crystal clear to me. keep up the good work
THANK YOU SO MUCH AMOEBA SISTERS 🦠 👯
YOU GUYS HAVE HELPED US SOOOOOOOO MUCH
IM SO GRATEFUL. REALLY!!!!!
This is excellent! I'll be using it in my Human Anatomy and Physiology class. Thanks
Couldn’t understand so perfectly by any of the videos ,thankyouuu
Thank you so much. I was literally tormenting myself with trying to understand the whole chromosome thing and this single 5-minute video solved my weeks of anxiety. May the science god bless you.
And LOVEEEEE THE Drawings 😍👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼total artist !!✨
thank you for all your helpful videos! Love you amoeba sisters!
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Your explanation is so helpful.
Thank you from the bottom of my heart ♥
This is so clarifying, now I understand so well thank you so much.
OMG !!! I’ve been searching for hours ! 🥺 finally .. someone explain the numbers 💜💜 thank you ever so much 💜💜💜💜💜💜
This video was an immense help. You guys are amazing teachers!
You helped me understand numbers and terms I have been trying to over 2 years. Thank you so much!
I've been struggling for 2 years to understand this, but that chart really did something for me.
This video is so useful. You explained it better than any teacher or book.You saved my grade and thank you!
My biology teacher introduced me to these videos and they are amazing! They’re so easy to understand and biology isn’t my strong suit but these have helped me so much!! Also, they’re so easy to make notes from and very clear understanding is received! Keep up the good work thank you so much !!!!!! :)
This is one of the only few videos that was helpful to me in my entire life.
I have searched dozens of videos from a variety of experts from universities all over, but have not had any success understanding the processes of both meiosis and mitosis until I saw and studied your videos. Absolutely brilliant in its purpose of redefining complex processes and terms; thank you so much!! I will definitely spread the word about your amazing work.
this is amazing; studying for the mcat and I was so frustrated with myself that I kept mixing this up!! thank you thank you!!
Oh my gosh thank you so much!! This literally cleared away the one doubt i had left, this was so helpful. Stay awesome!!
As for your pinned message, to avoid confusion this is what our textbook basically says:
Spindle fibres are attached to the _kinetochores_ of chromosomes
And kinetochore is a small disc shaped structure at the surfacr of centromeres
So even if there are two centromerea for two sister chromatids, we can still count the amount of kinetochores!!!
By far the BEST video that could possibly help me with genetics! Thanks soooo much for explaining this I’m the best way possible 🙌🏻
omg thank you so much! I finally understand this topic a lot more.
This is the best way of teaching and explaining I have ever been tought
I am watching many videos for my general biology class, and I just want you to know that the Amoeba Sisters is my favorite. Thank you for the content! I promise to stay curious!!
me too @Hatch Wayne
As I am self teaching my self on cellular biology as I am studying for my TEAS test, this video cleared up all of my confusion, thank you so much!
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I looooveeee youuu Amoeba Sisters! I'm studying for my biology exam, your videos clarify everything perfect! Thank you.
ur a legend youve saved my life u r amazing
FINALLY! An explanation I can understand!!!
You have no idea... thank you so much for clearing this confusing numbers!!!! Thank you!!!!!!!
I love this video , thank you very much ,if this video wasn’t on youtube i don’t think that any video could’ve explain it the way you did and I couldn’t have been able to understand the whole thing
what my teacher couldnt do in 4 hours, you did in 5 minutes............... YOU DA REAL MVP!
Omg... This is so helpful... I was so confused with this concept and now it's super clear. ❤