EDS/EDX Microsctructure Interpretation: Energy -Dispersive X-rays Spectroscopy Analysis
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- Опубліковано 10 лют 2020
- How to interpret EDS/EDX micrographs in your research paper or thesis?
EDS use to identify elemental composition in your synthesize structure.
EDX/EDS is use in a conjunction with SEM is versatile and a powerful tool for material characterization .
SEM becomes more useful and necessities Due to the continuous shrinking of the material’s dimension for copious applications.
Very nicely explained in a short span of time. Highly recommended to watch for budding researchers.
Thanks a lot for your appreciation
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, EDXS or XEDS), also called Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) or Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample.
Interpretation of EDX with Example is given below :
Weight% = 100 * weight of one component (element) / weight of entire sample.
Atomic% = 100 * number of atoms of one component / total number of all atoms in sample
Atomic weight% is calculated from the Element Weight% by dividing each element weight% by its atomic weight, do this for all elements in the sample which will give a list of Atomic Proportions. Sum of these together to obtain a Total Atomic weight. Then, for each Element in the sample divide its Atomic Proportion by the Total and then multiply it by 100.
EDX of CdS is explained below:
1. Cd: 79.15 wt%
2. S: 20.85 wt%
Divide each by their Atomic weights Cd (112.411) and S (32.065)
1. Cd: 79.15 / 112.411 = 0.704
2. S: 20.85 / 32.065 = 0.650
Sum
1. Cd: 0.704
2. S: + 0.650
1.354
Divide each by the Sum (1.354) and turn into Atomic%
1. Cd: 0.704 / 1.354 * 100 = 51.99 at.%
2. S: 0.650 / 1.354 * 100 = 48.01 at.%
The Average Atomic% of Cd:S was found to be almost stoichiometric in nature with the Cd% of 52 and S% of 48.
I hope I have answered your question.
With Best Wishes,
Good explanation 👆
I thank you very much. I fell in love with my specialist after hearing your explanation about the analyzes and how to read them
I am glad it helps.
Made it simple, easy to follow, and well executed. Thank you so much Sir.
I am happy you like it. 👍
You my friend are a KING!!
Thank you so much sir.
After watching your video, I develop interest in nano fabrication. Thanks a lot.
You are welcome!
i appreciate this channel so much i learnt more
You are welcome!
wow... it is very useful MK Academy, thank you for sharring.
You are welcome. I am happy it helps
I wish there were more teachers like you
Thank you for your good words
Excellent sir and keep explaining the calculation of characterization like surface composition calculation from XPS data
It's my pleasure. Thanks for your appreciation
Sir You are great one.
This was really helpful. Thanks a lot.
It's my pleasure. Thank you very much
very good video, I really appreciate your work.
Thank you
Very detailed vdeo generally no one tells in this easy manner
Thank you. I am very happy it helps
THE BEST ACCOUNT IN THE UA-cam GOD BLESS YOU
Thank you so much. You are welcome
Outstanding sir. Well Explained, good and keep it up kindly
Many thanks for the nice words 👍
Thanks for the concise explanation
You are welcome 😊
Very nice explain....thanks you, I writing an archaeology thesis with SEM EDX analysis. I am archaeolog, so need to study about this😅
So happy that it helps. Good luck for your thesis!
Eds or edx measure the x-ray by ejection of electron from inner cell then vacancy fill by electron from higher eng state.
The x-ray emitted due to ejection is characteristic of element . I think so
Many thanks for the insightful video.
I noticed the presence of Cu within your sample; would this indicate a contamination or an overlap? I am asking because I have similar results and I am getting Au and Cu within my results even though my original samples do not have these elements
Contamination, yes it should be due to many reasons
@@qamarwali Many Thanks
thank you so much Sir. your video is very helpful. keep safe and healthy. God bless you.
I am happy it helps
@@qamarwali yes Sir 😊 it help me. and there is anothing thing i want to know. if i have a cross section image. how can i say if those crystals are of the first engridient or of the second one 😁.
@@lizamae4769 again you have to focus the cross section area to the X-ray's and it will shows you the composition.
@@qamarwali thank you for the quick reply Sir. 😊 i will check again the result i received 😊
Very good explanation sir. I have a question is there any effect of sputtering Au used in the instrument?
There might be a very small peaks. But we are not interested there. We only looks for our desire materials.
@MK Academy
Good day Sir.Thank you for the thorough explanation.I used plant extract to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles but the Eds analysis is showing lanthanum with atomic conc.of 9.14 together with titanium and oxygen. Is there problem with the result?
So it means lanthanum is also exist. It's may be corm from the plants extract or some other sources.
@@qamarwali Thanks.
Thanks sir, keeping teaching
Welcome
جزاڪ الله خيرا
apki mail kiya ha sir plz i want to contact with u
thank you sir for the interesting video. I have a question, sir, I am working on the doping of metal cations, in EDX spectra I found that the signals of the doping cations coincide with those of the cations existing in the matrix, does this mean that they have taken their place?
I think so. If the foreign atoms have the atomic same size to the host then there will substitional solution.
@@qamarwali thank you so much sir
Very nicely explained sir. Could you please make a video on edx analysis of aluminum alloys
Thank you very much for your comment. Actually if you are working on Al alloys then you have to take your sample to the SEM machine and do the EDX. From EDX analysis you will receive such graphs then you can analyze that hoe much % of some things is present.
I hope it's clear
Thank you from brazil
You are always welcome 🌼
Thank You so much
Thank you very helpful
My pleasure. I am happy it helps
Thank you for explaining, Sir i have a question, how to calculate weight percentage or atomic percentage from the peaks?
The machine automatically gives you the result for atomic and wt% in the table form
Please sir make a video on How to calculate PORE SIZE, PORE DIAMETER from SEM images using ImageJ software.. Please!
thank you
Welcome
Great sir🙏👍
You are welcome
Very short and nice explanation
I m happy it helps
Very nicely explained dear however I want to know why the peak of some elements are shown at more than one places e.g. for calcium the peak appears at 0.2 as well as 3.7 in same analysis.
Good question. Please read the comments of this video or similar other video in our channel. I hope we answer this question.
The quantity of the specific materials may be much in the high intensity Vs the lower intensity
Thank you sir
Welcome
Thank you for a great explanation. May I know what is the cause of Carbon detection on collagen and bioglass scaffold? Thanks Sir
I don't know but it should be there because of synthesis and heat processing etc.
Carbon detection is because of the carbon double tape that is used to held the sample in place on the metal stub. you can skip the elements like carbon and gold or platinum used as coating material before the analysis and the machine software ask you all these details before you start the analysis.
Thanks sir it is very helpful for me
Good to hear it helps. Thanks for your comment
Very very helpful
Thanks 😊
Thank you sir to explain it easily. But I have a question. On the graph, what are implie the x-axis and y-axis?
X is intensity,y is energy
I am sorry for not replying earlier. On x- axis , the energy is keV while in y - axis , it the intensity.
I think it is the other way round. Many thanks for your comment ❤️
very nice...one question Dr sahib plz...does the peak height gives any information of weight% of material or not?
Yes it is basically intensity. But the system automatically generate the weightage %.
@@qamarwali so its mean higher weightage element has bigger peak?
@@organiccookingmore9071 height of peaks may depends on many parameters BUT ONE of them is the % of the particular elements
Salam. Did you normalize the percentages of Sn, Ti and O in your EDS results? and ignored the other elements detected? Also, Big thanks for this video pls.
It is better to normalise if the scale is above 1 or 100. This way, it is easy to compare. The system (SEM as EDS is performed along with SEM by just simply charging the mood of operation) will automatically give the information in wt% and atomic %.
Thankyou so much sir
Welcome Sir
Thank you for the explanation on the interpretation of EDX result. Pls can you tell between these two samples which one has the higher content of CaCO3 based on the EDX results
Sample 1. Ca=3.8%, C=14.3%, O=39.9%
Sample 2. Ca=4.9%, C=13.8%, O=37.2%
EDX not telling about compound just like CaCo3. It tells about element such as C or Ca or O only. The one with great % contain more in that compound
@@qamarwali thank you so much
Caco3 is a case for charging?? Extreme scenario
but sir when you add all the element it will not give a total of 100 %, how can it be calculated to give a total of 100 % constituent of the three element in term of atomic or weight % @@qamarwali
Salam sir, its an impressive effort. Kindly elaborate me what are the demerits or short falls of EDS when compared with ICP for metal analysis?
Thank you for your comment. I don't know ICP actually. Will study and revert you asap.
@@qamarwali thank u sir I will be waiting
What are those letters K, L, and M in front of the elements in the table?
I prepared video on it. Please watch
Thank you very much sir. But what are the use of weight% and atomic % ? Can we find chemical composition of compounds from it? How can I exploit both of them?
Thanks again
Look. We have some portion of our sample to X-rays. The information we collect will tell us that how much weight (volume) of the materials exist and what are the number of atoms.
Usually it works when we are dealing with composites structure i. e, more than two elements combined.
Hope clear
thanks for informative video, i have a querry from where i can get reference for eds spectra particularly for microplastics ?because microplastics mostly just show carbon and oxygen only and it is difficult to differentiate between different microplastic polymer
Good question. You must be following the literature, and someone must have done this kind of EDS before. Just see in their research paper and compare your data.
If still not possible , then simply Google, you will find a lot of papers with such spectra.
Additionally, if still not possible, then ask questions on ResearchGate
*Above all, the EDS only shows the elements that exist in the sample or powder. So fine, you have carbon and oxygen.*
To differentiate between different microplastic polymers, you need some other characterization, I guess.
@@qamarwali thanks for your response sir, I have found some data . still have one question, why EDS spectra do not show peak for hydrogen?
@zuhairasif2376 because EDS is based on characteristic X-rays, and hydrogen does not emit it due to the less number of electrons and subsequently fewer shells. Hydrogen only has electron in k shell and shared covalentaly
@@qamarwali Okay, sir thank-you so much for the content and your answers. Jazak Allah.
Once again thanks for the nice video. Allah bless you. I have a question you always talk about composite. So what is the difference between composite and hybrid structure?
Thank you. I think both words are same just with different terminology . Both mean mixed. Composite sometime refer to small level mixing such as nanocomposites while hybrid uses for cars such as hybrid car which runs on both oil and battery
@@qamarwali thanks a lot.
wonderful
Welcome
how to know the chemical formula of the sample from eds data like whether is it Fe2O3 or Fe3O4?
Good question. I think it is difficult to find formula with EDS analysis. It only gives information about the elements in terms of wt% and atom%.
There might be some ways, but I don't know much about that.
sir, i want to verify carbon and nitrogen weight % for my paddy straw samples. but i have a doubt whether peaks for both the elements will be distinct as carbon and nitrogen are just next to each other in the periodic table. will i get the correct %? thanks
Sure, you will definitely get different peaks. It is because both elements have different electronics configuration. In addition, the system will generate different peaks along with %
@@qamarwali thanku so much sir for such quick response
@@AbhishekKumar-nk7gc wellcome
Hi sir I need an detailed information like formation of sentance and darkness or different colours or whether it is uniformly distributed or not etc...
How can I connect to you sir?
Thank you for your comment. I just explain about EDX . For instance, what information we can get from EDX.
@@qamarwali I have SEM, EDS images of quite different than this images explained in video I need some assistance for the same.
very nice lecture....
Thank you
Sir thank you very well explained.i am from dental background sir. I have synthesised biphasic calcium phosphate I have done edx but from the calculations listed in the edx spectrum how do I calculate calcium phosphate ratio...kindly help me sir
Wt% and atomic % is also given in the table we get from EDX. So it is simply that % of the element exist in the composition.
@@qamarwali thank you sir
sir,. can you please explain why one element can give two or three peaks in a spectra?
Good question. Look, the sample composed of element (suppose Ag), so in some region , the density of the Ag atoms are higher (high peaks) while in other places the Ag atoms are less dense (low peaks). As the electron scans the surface and there are variations in the Ag atoms in the specimen, it gives different peaks of the same element Ag.
The same principle applies for XRD analysis. The X-rays scatter from the atoms of the specimen and give different peaks of the same element.
If all atoms are arranged in a long range order like *single crystal*, then there will be *one peak* in xrd pattern.
respected sir
can u please say how can we confirm which compound, just by seeing the individual element
example: if we see calcium, carbon, and oxygen how can we confirm it is chalk (if unknown material is testing)
This is very good question. EDX only reveals information about elements not compounds. EDX analysis does not tell about the chemical bonding information. I suppose that job will be performed with XRD and some other techniques.
in the table at @5:24, in the column element, what is the meaning of letters K, L, and M after the element?
It's mean shells. As we know that there are electrons residing in shells of an atom names K, L, M etc...
@@qamarwali thanks
Is it necessary to add At% In EDX table .. as i have table including values of apparent conc. K ratio. Wt% and Wt % sigma .. but At % is mising . could u plz suggest how to calculate At% ...
This is machine generated value automatically.
Could you kindly clarify the difference between EDX and XRD ? For ex. We can get the composition of powdered catalyst by XRD then why to go for EDX ? What are the uniqueness and uses of both ?
Thank you for your question.
Let's to first know about XRD which is purely use for crystal structure. For instance, whether your materials is monocrystalline, polycrystalline or amouphlus. From the XRD peak width we can also guess the structure.
Now let's come to EDS/EDX which we use when we want to know the elemental composition. For instance, we wish to synthesize a composite nanostructure of Zn and Ti, so how we will know that which element weight is more. Here EDX give us that information.
I do hope it is clear.
@@qamarwali Many thanks for your prompt reply Sir.
@@qamarwali sir can you plz explain how to get crystal structure from pxrd
Hello sir, how can you calculate the KVe for peaks of EDX ?
The system generated a profile of intensity vs. KV, so these values are already there on the x-axis of the graph.
Sir could u plz suggest me how to add EDX table on EDX spectra for reserch article ...
Not clear to me. Please elaborate your question
How can I use EDX data to validate that NiCo2O4 fabricated have elemental ratio of 1:2:4 for Ni:Co:O ??? Can you please help me out, I am in great need. Thank you so much.
You simply need to take the XRD of your sample and it gives information in the form graph as well as in the form table. From there you will see whether 1:2:4 exist or not. For better results, you need to target as many as possible area of your sample. Tell the operator to get maxim images from the sample
Hi, for the standard mentioned C CaCO3 and I get atomic and weight percentage of it. Can I know the carbon content from it?
What do you mean by carbon content?
It is understood that the EDS analysis of CaCO3 compound shows the three elements (Ca, C, and O) in terms of wt% and in atm%.
Wt% = how much weight each element in the compound because some elements are heavy while others are lighter.
Atomic % = Nunmber of atoms of each element exists in the compound as well as in the powder you are analysing...
@@qamarwali from the video can see the standard listing C CaCO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM and from the table will get this C K 46.54 59.93. From these numbers, CaCO3 have 46.54wt% for overall sample right? Can i get the weight % of Carbon from these value?
@Lim Cai Yun sorry for taking your time. I am still not sure about your question. The EDS analysis gives *these details *automatically* you don't need to calculate the Carbon content in your sample.
In your case, CaCO3, the system generates automatically the *wt%* and *atomic%* of the *Ca* , *C*, and *O* .
@@qamarwali Okk thank you for your reply. You clear my doubt !😀
Sir what does that k on the eds weight percentage table represents the alphabet near each element
Because in the case of EDX, the x-rays are emitted from the sample. There are shells or orbits in the atoms called k shell, L shell, M shell, and N shell. When xrays emitted from the inner atom so we have to use K, if it is from the outer surface ,so we called L or M...... It's just for that purpose
@@qamarwali thank u sir , should we disscus about that on our report or should focus on the weight and atomic persentage
@animeaddict7691 In my case, this data , I have received from the SEM operator. The data was in the Table form. As the EDX is performed simultaneously with SEM. I don't know in your case.
In edax graph what is the x axis and y axis shows
The y - axis shows the existence of that element in that particular composition. Higher the peaks, the more that element exist in the sample. The a-axis simply show energy
👌👌👌👌
What is difference between the spectra development from EDS and FTIR
Both are completely different. Look, EDS/EDX uses for elemental composition of elements. For instance, we make a composite /blend /hybrid materials of Zn and Cu and we wish to know how much % each element is present. While FTIR is use to know the attachmentof functional group etc.
Sir please if you tell us how to find weight percentage from edx spectra manually. Thanks in advance
Please watch my another video on EDX in MK Academy channel. I hope it will help.
Wight % is already given from SEM machine data as it is a nano or micro so I guess manually it is very difficult. It is automatically there in the EDX data.
Hallo, can u explain to me what about Z R A and F in edx table? Thank you
In Table? Extra element also shown in EDX because it exist in tiny amount everywhere
Thank Charsadawal Sir
It's my pleasure
Thanks for the explanation. Can you provide the transcript of the thesis interpretation for us.
Transcontinent of the thesis interpretation? Can you explain this please ?
@@qamarwaliI mean the written copy of all the things you said in this video inorder to understand.. Because, I can't hear you very well.
@@olaniyiridwan2442 alright. Hopefully, I will post this in the community tab on my channel.
@@qamarwali thanks sir
@@qamarwali please sir, I will be very grateful. if you can help me post it very soon sir. I'm in need of it urgently.
Thank u sir ..Consider iam having A about 65% B about 45% of Ao3B4... So now how to calculate ratio of it from edax ?
Could you please make it more simple
Sir how to find ratio of the particles means metal - oxygen ratio from edax data...
thank you so much, I'm so grateful. Can you help me how to analyse SEM images, please
Sure. I recommend you watch my video in the same playlist . A lot of videos on SEM analysis
@@qamarwali thank you
Sir How to interpret data for Elemental analysis for Si and Al in terms of spatial resolution
You just need to write what the graphs says. For instance, what is the % atomic and weight % of the Si and Al exist etc.
@@qamarwali what about r+s data?consideration ,
How to link EDS result with normal chemical analysis? and to what , we can say the EDS result shown acceptance or rejection of the elements., Please advise
I don't understand what you mean by chemical analysis??
EDS is basically tells that how many elements (C, N, Ti, Sn, Fe, Co, Mg, Al, etc) exist in your sample. It also gives the information about the wt% & atomic% of the respective elements exist in the sample..
@@qamarwali relations between chemical analysis and EDS results. And how to know the limitations of the elements. Is it accepted or not
@@redaelsayed9764 as I responded in my first comment that I even don't know what is chemical analysis????
The EDS part, I explained well, I reckon
MashALLAH sir
Sir ..how to verify the weight percentage of given elements?
The machine gives the information both in wt% as well as in atomic% of the elements exist in the sample. If you make a composite of TiO2- SnO2 with 50:50 ratio so you will find almost the same ratio of the respective compounds. I hope it clear your mind.
kindly explain two beam conditions in TEM. How can you calculate d-spacing in TEM??? Can you show by calculation???. Can u explain phase contrast, dark field, bright field etc. g vectors, b vectors etc
I will make video on it. Thanks for pointing it.
Thanks sir, I also interested
is it specific software to open the 3rd file ...as i obtained sem +edx images and edx elemntal spectra and also some other data .. which i dnt know how to open .
It is automatically from SEM machine.
@@qamarwali thank u sir
one more question Sir . in EDX spectral table .. there is weight % sigma mention along with weight % ..not atomic % ...
@@noreenramzan6727 you can covert it gram to mole etc
@@qamarwali hmm ok thnks a lot Sir .
What is K/L/M besides the element name? e.q. Ti K ---> what K here? How is this determined?
These K, L, M shows shells where electrons are residing. Different types of X-ray produced when electrons jump to these shells.
I didn't understand what you mean by atomic% in the table..please explain sir 😥
It means no of atoms simple. Atomic and weight are different. Some atoms are small while other are big
@@qamarwali ohh thank you so much! Sir. I really don't know why I got confused about that although it is this easy 😭💔
what is the Atomic% and Weight% in the EDX analysis?
Atomic % = percent of no of atoms exist in the targeted sample. While wt% means weight wise presence of that particular elements
Thank you sir, please give me link these slide if possible for download and study
It's just one slide and I make video. I just showed that how to interpret EDX.
You will get there graphs from SEM Machine.
What is the different of EDX and FTIR, Sir?
EDX is uses for elemental composition. For instance, if you a composite structure and you want to know each element weitage.
FTIR uses to know whenther functional group is attached or not in a compound.
@@qamarwali Ahh.. I got it. Thanks, Sir.
Sir are different nm size Sem images of same nano particle sample has same elemental composition edx table ... ?
If much quantity then concentration will increase. If less then small quantities will detect
@@qamarwali as in 500nm sem image.. conc will be more as compared to 200nm sem image !
@@noreenramzan6727 sure because in 500 nm large is size than 200nm
@@qamarwali thank U sir
@@qamarwali Actually Sir lums uni provided me the diff size sem with edx data .. but in edx spectrum they didnot mention specific sem image . thats why m confuse .
Elemental composition learnt from x-ray or back scattered electron
Sir,
From back scattered election
your super bro
Thank you
Sir .. what can be the reason that stoichiometry doesn't matching with the expected one?? In EDS
I think you need to take many EDX by targeting different areas of the sample. The ratio of the elements in sample should reflect in EDX
Thank you sir...
Can you please send this research article shown in video??
I think it is in my thesis. Please send me your email or simple send me an email at qamarwali@yahoo.com
Sir please tell... Why pellets (bulk sample instead of Powder) are used for electrical conductivity measurements by four probe ??
This question is not related to video but please try to tell
I think, for conductivity we need a film type material because electrons have to pass through. On the other hand, Powder is just large number of separate particles where electrons can not go through for long time. That's is why bulk or pellet is preferred.
I might not answer fully but I have tried my best.
Difference between spectrum 1, spectrum 2 and 3??
The Machine just target different places of the sample.
how to calculate the weight and atomic percentage manually?
To be honest. I don't know about it. BTW, if the machine give us information regarding wt% and atomic then why are you interested in manually.
@@qamarwali Thank you for the info. Just wanted to know, incase they ask during interview.
Hello, can EDS be analyzed from XRD results ?
We actually perform EDS / EDX during SEM when we change the from electron to X-rays. I don't know whether it can be seen from XRD or not.
EDS is simply telling us the elements presents in the sample and it's % masswise as well as weightwise
@@qamarwali thanks for the quick response
@@muhammaduuu Always welcome
What can SEM-EDS analysis of microplastic samples interpret?
*SEM* just reveals the morphology of the sample. For instance, what is the shape, size, height, diameter, radius of the sample, whether the sample is made up of nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosphere, whether the surface is rough or smooth......
While EDS is embedded with SEM used for elemental analysis. For instance, it reveals what the constitutes of the sample are. In your case, there might be carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, sulfur, etc... The EDS provides information in the form of wt% and atm% of the elements that exist in the sample.
@@qamarwali Thank you so much for clarification, Sir
Sir is main Jo graphs ki values ko Likha jata kV main vo Tu btaya ni ap ny😢
kV is the applied voltage on x-axis and on Y-axis, it is intensity of the X-rays. No need to discuss these details in the EDX interpretation
sir I could not understand how to know about homogeneity of element by EDS.
I don't think EDS can reveal the homogeneity of the sample. However, SEM can do the job. You can clearly see from SEM images that the particles are distributed uniformly or not. You can guess it from the particles size. If there are different size particles, then it means no homogeneity.
EDS only tells what kind of elements exist in terms of wt% and atm%.
@@qamarwali thank u very much sir 🙏☺️
just want to learn more
Sure Sir.
In that data what is meant by o and k
Elements names. O for oxygen
Can someone tell how he has added table in that plot??
You can do it in PPT or Orgin Pro.. You can also do it using Photoshop or Canva..... There are many options, but I recommend using PPT as it is very basic and simple.
@@qamarwali in ppT we can’t group it right? So, later on will it move from its place?
@robamatariq8485 Look, just insert one image and then another image on the top of it. Just export it as an image. How?
Just save as the ppt and change the ppt to PNG or JPG options and save that slide only. Then, insert this image into your Word document.
Another way is just group it and copy and then past it in the word as image......
I have made a video on it in the playlist *how to write reviews paper* just watch that.
Let me know if you still need help
@@qamarwali thanks
hi sir difference between EDX & XRD
Very clear. EDX use to know how many elements exist in the sample. XRD uses to know the crystalline nature of the material whether single, poly or amorphous.