Stellar Evolution, Supernovae and the Fate of the Sun
Вставка
- Опубліковано 10 чер 2024
- Join this channel to get access to perks:
/ @jasonkendallastronomer
This is the ninth lecture series of my complete online introductory undergraduate college course. This video series was used at William Paterson University and CUNY Hunter in online classes as well as to supplement in-person course material. Notes and links are present in the videos at the start of each lecture.
0:00:00 - Evolution of Solar Mass Stars
0:47:35 - The Evolution of High Mass Stars
1:29:14 - Core-Collapse Supernovae
1:54:01 - (turn down your headphones. something happened...)
2:20:13 - Supernova Remnants
The Sun will live and die. I discuss its fate and the fate of stars with lower mass than the Sun. Along the way, we learn about red giants, helium fusion, white dwarfs, planetary nebulae, and exactly what will happen to our home Earth in about 5 billion years. Next, I explore the evolution of high mass stars. High mass stars evolve much more rapidly, and their endings are extraordinary. They are responsible for many of the elements that make up your body! The evolution of elements in the cores of high mass stars leads us to what exactly happens in the moments of their deaths. We then talk about core-collapse supernovae. When massive stars die, they go out with a huge bang. They seed the cosmos with their remains. The process by which they die is catastrophic and astonishing. Learning about Stellar Evolution of massive stars, we explore the violent Type II Supernova. They explode when they try to fuse iron and nickel in their core, but cannot, because these reactions and others near and past the "Iron Peak" have Binding Energies that are lower than for less-massive elements and isotopes. We examine Supernova 1987a as an odd example. Finally, we look at their trailings, the supernova remnants. I’ll look in detail at the results of the labors of the most massive stars in the cosmos, and some of the most beautiful sights in a telescope. The remnants of supernova explosions. We look at historical supernovae, as well as the closest, most recent one. We even learn what we might see in our Winter skies sometime very soon, when Betelguese blows up.
WOOPS LIST!
In the third lecture,
1) I made a bungle in speaking. Neither nickel-58 nor nickel-62 are radioactive. Nickel-58 actually makes up 68% of nickel.
2) Be sure to plug your ears at @24:49 - bit of an audio super-nova - Наука та технологія
I love these lectures so much, it's like you hit every section out of a textbook seamlessly with enthusiasm for the topic and empathy towards your audience from obvious experience of having taught it... I wouldn't describe you as a "hidden gem" because you're easy to find for anyone wanting to learn the topics, but you're definitely one of my favorite channels after discovering you.
Thanks!
@@JasonKendallAstronomer I've seen the Veil Nebula west and east components. An O-III filter really brings them out.
Like I am back in school, in the best way. Learning for the pleasure of knowledge! Thank YOU!
You are so welcome!
Man these videos are so fantastic. What a gift to the internet!
Glad you like them!
2:15:00 I hear neutron star collisions are getting more credit for making heavy elements.
Jason, you are a true gem. I love falling to sleep to your video
I learn something while falling to sleep, thanks Jason!
@@brianb7112 me too. These are addictive.At the end of the lecture you have learned so much there are virtually no questions to ask!
this is so helpful for scioly reach for the stars
Thank you so much for the presentation 🙏🏼
Any time!
19:37 likewise... how encouraging!
Great presentation!
If anyone needs a book that describes a lot of this, and would be considered a definitive source, I.S. Shklovskii's "Stars: Their Birth, Life and Death" foreword is by Carl Sagan.
I had the book in the original Russian, but sadly can't find that first edition anymore so I have to make do with the one by Cambridge scientific press
Thank you for the video! I work full time and take classes at the university, so i love listening to your astronomy videos while lay down at night. It helps me remember the book 😊
You're very welcome!
I love all of Jason's videos! I learn a lot from him. I hsave to watch multiple times so I can comprehend it better. He is a great teacher and professor!
He explains it very well. It's just a lot to soak in! I love it though! I am obsessed with stars and outer space!
I still wonder how redshift is being calculated for the distances of far away galaxies, taking into consideration that we have these "blue" and "red" star types.
Don't they interfere with the calculations to the "redshift" value?
Astrophysics is fascinating.
Jason, I have many questions about stellar evolution to ask you. Your videos are fantastic and I really appreciate your work here.
Questions: 1) Is it possible that the Planets (Jupiter and others) further out from the Sun 🌞 will survive the stars expulsion of its outer layers forming the planetary nebula? I have never heard of Planets still Orbiting their stellar remnant white dwarf star.
2) Please tell me what establishes a stars identity as an M type, K type, G type, and etc? Is it the stars mass, age, or spectral signature. This is kind of confusing despite the HR Diagram. Thank you sir
Of course. Glad you like them. For 1, not sure, but unlikely. For 2, watch this video:
Calibrating the Cosmos: Measuring the Properties of the Distant Stars: William Paterson Univ.
ua-cam.com/video/DoebmWW1M-M/v-deo.html
@@JasonKendallAstronomer Ditto on the compliments on your work, especially how you make it understandable without talking down to your audience, for example it was easy to figure out for myself that Photodisintegration robbing energy from the core means cools down the core without you actually saying it. A question on the CNO cycle though. You mentioned that above 1.1 Solar Masses the CNO cycle dominates energy production, but in the very early universe the " First Stars " would not have been able to do this due to a lack of Carbon. I'm just wondering if a First Star would have spent a significantly longer time on the Main Sequence compared to an equivalent mass Population 1 star from the modern universe, or if there would have been no significant difference?
@davidkillawee6 good question! Hopefully we can soon learn more about the first, earliest stars.
I am enjoying your explanations of these amazing objects. One suggestion: none of this is boring, so why not stop describing some of the phenomena as "boring."
Fair enough.
Loving the videos but triggered @3:11:44 as there is no possibility that Gobekli Tepe is merely the start of the neolithic. That is non-sense reminiscent of those that denied plate-tectonics.
I hear you. This was from my more "creative" times. I'm in the process of re-recording that video, and I've already eliminated it from the script....
Eureka mistake with math though. At around 1 hour 14 minutes, one cubic centimetre of gold weighs a kilogram. Shouldn't it weigh around 20 grams,?
Thanks for the catch!
Incredible lecture. While bringing in history/anthropology is speculative (as you acknowledge), I think it's brilliant and should be a serious field of study for two reasons:
1. Technology and timescales: Human technological progress (and thus the tools we have to observe the stars) is increasing exponentially. On the cosmic timescale, we're basically the generation that just entered the tech singularity! Amazing!
Except, ironically, astronomy is really the ONE field where humans "pausing time" works AGAINST us. The pace of our progress doesn't have time for decades of meticulous observation like astronomers of centuries past. We have to work with much smaller amounts of motion across the sky. And rare events like supernovae are becoming far less frequent in relation to how quickly the rest of science is moving. If the next supernova isn't til 2100, we might have destroyed humanity by then, or be receiving data from Breakthrough Starshot probes.
But working backwards and digging deeper into history- be it modern historical records, archaeological finds, the fossil record, etc- is a work-around to the problem of technological progress. It sounds silly, but it's not impossible to say we could construct an army of self-replicating medieval archivists to scour and digitize old libraries, or self-replicating archaeology probes digging deeper and mapping, idk, the microbial fossil record epoch by epoch.
Maybe by 2050 these are viable 10-year projects that would provide the astronomers of the tech singularity- who will be tragically frozen in time- with the means to at least go *backwards* in time for the purpose of data collection.
2. TMS: Ok, here's something entirely speculative that I know nothing about, but your speculation about Martin Luther, Goebekli Tempe, etc., and the connection between astronomical phenomena and religious/political thought... Is it insane to think that powerful enough cosmic phenomena could actually influence human thoughts? I mention TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation, as an example of a proven method by which human mood can be altered by the application of magnetic fields. Could a powerful enough cosmic event strike Earth such that there would be a subtle but widespread mind-altering effect of which we have little direct evidence (that we've looked for thus far). A new star appears and ushers in a jubilee year because everyone's brain is high on serotonin releasing solar flares, or a "dis-aster-ous" sign whips the world into a frenzy of aggression, and multiple unrelated wars happen to break out all over the globe?
In any case, this was really the most fascinating thing I have watched in ages, so thank you for a video that is both scientific/informational, but also with enough speculative "woo" to let my mind run in some really cool new ways!
Will the pre-supernova neutrino output be detectable with current instruments?
Yes. SN1987a was observed in this way by accident.
Nice presentation. Learned something new here - that the matter in a star's core is fixed, and does not get mixed in with the H/He of the outer envelope. There is scope here for science fiction stories where stellar engineers rejuvenate older main sequence stars by applying a Cosmic Eggwhisk. (Maybe that was what they were doing in movie Sunshine?).
There are aspects of the very low mass stars which are a bit more interesting than you suggest - so a future video to keep the completists happy. There are the lower temp fusion processes involving Deuterium-Deuterium fusion, and some other processes with Lithium. And to contrast the largest possible Jupiter with the smallest Brown Dwarf where some sort of fusion happens.
It isn't fixed completely.
Jason ... enjoying your videos, thanks for sharing, they are a lot of fun and knowledge all wrapped-up into a nice bundle. Much appreciated.
You are sooooo poetic, that is just fabulous! The stellar evolution as a Beckettian epic, I listen as background reverberation of the poetry of the stars.
😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😅😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😅😅😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😅😊😅😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😅😊😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😊😅😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😅😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😅😅😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😊😅😊😅😊😅😊😅😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😅😅😊😅😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😅😅😊😅😅😊😅😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😅😊😅😊😊😅😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😅😅😅😅😊😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😅😅😅😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😅😊😊😅😅😅😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😅😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😅😊😅😅😊😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😅😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😅😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😅😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😅😅😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😅😅😅😅😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😅😊😊😊 13:51 13:51 13:51 13:51 13:53 13:53 13:53 13:54 13:55 13:55 😮am and 😢lllll
do not be afraid to show your face