The Insane Engineering of the DART Mission
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- Опубліковано 28 жов 2022
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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi
Animator: Eli Prenten
Sound: Graham Haerther
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster
References:
[1] “Tsar Bomba | History, Location, Megatons, & Facts | Britannica.” [Online]. Available: www.britannica.com/topic/Tsar.... [Accessed: Oct. 11, 2022]
[2] “In Depth | DART,” NASA Solar System Exploration. [Online]. Available: solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions.... [Accessed: Oct. 03, 2022]
[3] “SMART Nav: Giving Spacecraft the Power to Guide Themselves.” [Online]. Available: www.jhuapl.edu/interactive/na.... [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[4] “DART BUllseye.” [Online]. Available: dart.jhuapl.edu/News-and-Reso.... [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[5] • NASA's DART Mission Po...
[6] www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/st...
[5] “Why the asteroid threat should be taken seriously | Astronomy Magazine,” Astronomy.com. [Online]. Available: astronomy.com/bonus/asteroidday. [Accessed: Oct. 11, 2022]
[6] “DART Overview.” [Online]. Available: dart.jhuapl.edu/Mission/Impac.... [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[7] T. Talbert, “DART Tests Autonomous Navigation System Using Jupiter and Europa,” NASA, Sep. 20, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.nasa.gov/feature/dart-test.... [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[8] “DART Webb.” [Online]. Available: dart.jhuapl.edu/News-and-Reso.... [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[9] L. M. Gowran, “Bullseye: NASA’s DART strikes asteroid in historic deflection test,” Silicon Republic, Sep. 27, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.siliconrepublic.com/innov.... [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[10] iopscience.iop.org/article/10...
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Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
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I'm just here to give props for that 'the dinosaurs finally clapped back' line
Ikr, that was comedic gold
Best Line I've heard in a while
Oil is not made of dinosaurs.
@@mrbloodhound009 We All know that , it's just a funny line
👍👍👍👍👍
I think it's awesome that when I was a kid we'd never seen an asteroid up close, and since then Rosetta visited a comet, Hayabusa 2 and OSIRIS-REx collected samples, and DART demonstrated planetary defence, all in less than 10 years
It’s so easy to feel like our understanding of space has been static for decades, but when you look closely like this it’s astonishing how much we learn every year.
It feels so incremental, but on a civilizational scale we’re in an unprecedented golden age of science.
@@MrKelsomatic But launch capability had stagnated for a while which is the most visible portion
NEAR shoemaker my guy
@@naruto27x I think *had* is the key word there. Advancement has really stepped up the last few years, and I'm personally very excited.
I am pretty young, relatively speaking, and all this was just science fiction when I was a kid. It is really moving to see what we can accomplish besides better ways to kill each other.
Love to see humanity entering the "planetary defense" phase of our development.
Right this is some "The Expanse" level shit so cool
Fr bro cant wait for a cannon built in a massive crater on mars that launches massive rods of osmium or some shit
@@nerdmassive1353 *tungsten, is superior*
@@easports2618osmium is the densest element osmium is superior
But tungsten is waay cheaper
And easier to work with
I worked on DART, love to see Real Engineering covering the mission!
Thank you for your work. It is very moving what we can accomplish as a species. What did you do?
@@KJ4EZJ thanks! It was a great mission with a great team behind it. I was the lead engineer for the flight computer hardware. I believe the video referred to it as "Playstation 1 equivalent" in terms of processing capability, haha. He's not far off, radiation hardened electronics tend to lag behind modern terrestrial electronics in capability (however that gap is closing as the aerospace industry is undergoing a bit of a renaissance at the moment).
Asteroids are cool and all but you're the 'rock star'
@@JeffreyBoye I'm a computer engineer. Are you able to share what kind of micro it used? Any interesting specs about the hardware or info about the software come to mind? Thanks again!
@@KJ4EZJ Sure, it used a 32-bit LEON3 processor running at 100 MHz. If you're not familiar, LEON processors are based heavily on the SPARC V8 instruction set with augmentations for fault tolerance (radiation flying about the universe flips bits with impunity and processors need to work around this fact). That's where the main flight software and SmartNav code executed. The processor board design also included a radiation-tolerant FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) for support functionality (such as robust boot) and image co-processing. Fun fact - a lot of the heavy lifting for the pre-processing of the camera data took place in the FPGA. This really helped take the load off of the main CPU.
Good job humans! You have passed one of the great filters. Keep it up!
JESUS! It's Jesus!!!
Thanks Jesus
Jesus Christ that's good
What's up Jesus. Is God still *cross* with you?
one of?! there's MORE?!
Look at us. We went from throwing rocks at each other to throwing metalic objects at big rocks in space. 😁
Maybe some day we’ll evolve enough to quit throwing things at each other.
Well that's if we don't kill each other first
One day we will be throwing rocks again at giant metallic vessels in space 🤣
"One simply does not throw rock at space"_Sun Tzu, art of throwing
@@gpaull2 all sports involving balls
That first joke about the dinos clapping back was enough to get me invested for the rest of the video.
Dinosaurs in the afterlife
“YEAH BITCH THATS HOW IT FEELS”
"The dinosaurs finally clapped back" is honestly the funniest sentence I've heard recently.
finna get dem back claps on
Hey Brian! I don't know if you will see this but your videos has changed my life. I was always interested in space and engineering and watching your videos motivated me to get into this field. Now I am pursuing a masters degree in Physics and a bachelors in engineering. It might be just another upload for you but each video you post is a life changing moment for someone. I really love watching your videos. Thank you!
The same for me i was always interested in cars and stuff but after finding this channel it ignited a deep passion for everything that does stuff trying to figure our how it works why after a few videos on F1 i got back into watching motorsports and now i am pursuing a career in F1 or mototsports in general. It also made me realize everything around us is engineered and well thought out which is just very cool.
Not for me i still play videogames and watch youtube all day but definitely agree the videos are interesting!
Are u doing bachelor and masters at the same time ?? Is that possible??
@@ankitnmnaik229 Yes indeed it is!
@@AmoghA BITS?
The facility to watch content like this for free is a blessing
Language effects how we think so it's better to use sciency words instead of religious ones...
@@dangerfly I'm not a native english speaker, couldn't think of a better word
@@dangerfly The word "blessing" is as much a normal everyday word as it is religious. Similar to saying "jesus" or "oh my god" to show surprise.
@@thorvaldspear I've never had a professor used the word in an academic setting. I've never had anyone use it in a professional environment in NYC.
So it's "normal" in some places (southern U.S. etc) and it's obvious why, but that isn't a positive thing...
@@dangerfly what does the word ‘pretentious’ mean to you?
I'm still happy that dart was a huge massive success than we all expected
the thing is, it was more of a success than was expected
we don't know *why*
so now we have to figure out why it worked better than expected
@@luckylmj Experiments that answer some questions and raise more are the best ones!
@@luckylmj because it was expected it would only effect about 72 seconds of the asteroids trajectory but instead it was a massive 32 minutes I mean how could we not have expected that it would of worked better than we thought
@@luckylmj it maybe because we underestimated how much power is needed
@@koiyujo1543 it might have pushed the astroroid so far it moved it back
Wow I never actually saw the official results, a change in 4.5% is actually crazy I didn’t expect that much
Ok but the 5% difference I didn't actually expect that's actually wild to think that the space craft imparted that much energy onto the 'moon'
It was moving at 14000mph
Now if only we could prevent a man-made radioactive projectile from hitting earth
🤣Right! 😯Oh, wait...
We don’t have the advantage of said radioactive projectile being millions of kilometres away.
@@Ytremz well then we should prevent such radioactive projectiles from existing in the first place :)
We already have. By making the other guy who wants to push the button afraid of us also pushing the button. Mutually assured destruction.
We have numerous different systems in use which are capable of destroying all types of incoming ballistic missiles.
The large orbit change had to be due more to the ejecta than the DART impact alone. Would have liked to see a simplified version of a momentum analysis in this video.
To be fair, if you want to get deep into the data, youtube isn't the best choice
well that impact caused the ejecta isn't it?
@BobC I think the momentum transfer to the piece of Dimorphos left (in the frame of reference of the original Dimorphos) was about 1 part the momentum of Dart and 3 parts the momentum from the pieces of rock that got blown off. This was one of the key things they were trying to find out, how much of a multiplier would all the ejecta be. It was higher than expected but actually still at the very top of modeled range. So there was a larger coupling of impact energy to momentum change of what was left than expected for this type of asteroid.
This is good, but asteroids like Psyche which are more solid and less rubble piles would likely get much less blown off and so would get a much smaller multiplier. We may want to do missions like this to other types of asteroid and comets to understand the multiplier better.
@@Hawk7886 The actual specific data isn't even released yet tho...
@@Hawk7886 then where
When you said "tools in our arsenal" I heard '"tools in our arse, and all..."
...which is not surprising given that when I was 12 years old I'd humiliated myself in science class by claiming that "the dinosaurs went extinct due to earth being hit by a hemorrhoid..."
Ahh... the circle of life!
(btw - great video!)
I mean...what was LEFT could be considered "hemorrhoidal" in shape.
I still don't think people get how big this is. We took what was once considered a dooms day situation and made it beatable
I mean push comes to shove we couldve done this 60 years ago, and done it alot better with nukes. Movies just like to exaggerate threats and downplay our technology
The thruster targeting system looks so similar to star tracking software (autoguider) used in astrophotography for long exposures. It would seem that system could be designed to replace moving the servo motors with tapping the thrusters. So cool.
I had the same thought, funny how systems from very different projects are in some ways quite similar.
Apollo did navigation using the same exact method to orient itself, there was a telescope to focus on a target star to set attitude. So in a way it's exactly the same
I explains Real Engineering as the channel that opens a brand new dimension to explore. It's my favourite channel.
5:24 I got a nitpick: the orbit that results from the collision is shown to circularize, or in other words, the dotted line appears to "spiral inwards" after collision. This would only occur if ejecta from the impact was being continuously released from the asteroid for a duration of at least half an orbit. It seems pretty sure that whatever ejecta occurs would do so immediately after the impact. If this is the case, the resulting orbit will be an ellipse, not a circle, with an apoapsis equivalent to its distance at the time of impact, and a periapsis much smaller than that of the original orbit.
I got a nitpick for your nitpick: the eccentricity of dimorphos's orbit is so low that it's basically a circle, both before and after the impact. This means that my nitpick isn't really relevant to your point, but I wanted to mention it anyways. So, you are right about impact: it's a special kind of force, an impulse, so it all happens at once for the sake of calculations. As for what you got wrong: the resulting orbit would not have the apoapsis on the same spot that the impulse happened. As the impulse gets bigger with respect to the eccentricity, it brings the final apoapsis closer and closer to the location of the impulse, but it will never become the location of the apoapsis. (assuming that it is a strictly retrograde impulse. If you have a radial impulse, you can have your spot become the apoapsis)
Anyways, this made me curious enough to look up the numbers, and apparently they haven't even been released yet, so I had to do some calculations with the orbital times they already had available, and I can tell you, it was a circle before, and now it is still a circle. From the masses of the objects and the time it takes for one orbit, you can find the semimajor axis, and the 1.19±0.03 km semimajor axis should go down by about 30 meters, which is under the uncertainty of the orbit size measurement. Additionally, with an eccentricity ≤ 0.03 according to wikipedia, the difference between the apoapsis and periapsis would be around ≤ 50 meters, which is close enough to the uncertainty that if it was flipped around, you wouldn't really be able to tell. This orbit is so circular that it doesn't even matter, and the change was so small we probably won't even be able to tell the difference. That's why we needed a double asteroid system in the first place, so we could see the effect on the orbits, even if it only was a few seconds of change. We had the pre-impact uncertainty down to about 10 milliseconds, so even if the dart only got a glancing blow, we would have known the effect as long as it was more than a hundredth of a second of a difference. That would correspond to something on the level of micrometers of of a change in the orbital size.
@@leave-a-comment-at-the-door All of these are good points. BTW, since you had the time to look at the numbers, you wouldn't happen to have stumbled on the delta v of dimorphos during your search? I've been curious about that number but haven't had time to run through the exercise to find it.
@@carl8703 What do you mean by the ΔV of dimorphous? Do you mean the ΔV required to rendezvous to dimorphous? Or maybe the ΔV dimorphous imparted on the Dart spacecraft? Or even the ΔV imparted by the Dart spacecraft on the asteroid? Objects don't have intrinsic ΔV, that's like a measure of how much fuel you have. (If you do clarify your question, I may be able to answer it though)
@@leave-a-comment-at-the-door Sorry, thought it was clear from context, I was curious about the delta v imparted on Dimorphous by the Dart spacecraft.
@@carl8703 I'm getting around a .002 or .003 m/s change in velocity, but this is like a 'get the feel of the order of magnitude' kind of calculation, not a precise number. I think I'm deriving numbers from entirely derived numbers, and I could possibly be doing some calculations wrong, but that should give you a sense of the ΔV imparted to the asteroid.
What if Earth’s extinction event was just another civilization learning how to alter the path of a celestial object?
LOL now wouldn't that be something! I wonder if they might try again...
I'll bet you're a lot of fun at parties.
Not nearly Earth extinction event magnitude, but if I recall correctly, that's basically what the Arachnids did in Starship Troopers: use Plasma Bug blasts to redirect an asteroid, so that it would hit Earth.
(Or at least, that's what the Federation says happened, it might have been a totally random meteor strike, spun by the Federation propaganda machine into an excuse to start an all out war with the Arachnids.)
@@veramae4098 You must not smoke weed or do drugs, because this is exactly the kind of comment that makes you fun at parties, lol. In context, at least.
@@veramae4098 You frickin’ KNOW it!!! 😎👍
…and I suspect you’re good at betting! 😜
I loved the "dinosaurs clapped back" joke
Dinosaurs looking down on us with pride
"The dinosours finally clapped back" Brian McManus
"Smack em before he smacks you" - Sun Tzu
"Dinosaurs clapped back" made me laugh out loud in the airport, thank you for this!
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Love when you and real science drop on the same day
This mission is underrated
Your channel has and will always be one of my biggest inspirations on UA-cam. Keep it up.
Great discussions.
Fantastic video Brian and team! Great explanations and excellent choice of topic!
Awesome mix of technologies involved! Ion thruster, focused solar panels, autonomous guidance, etc. That percentage of change is something. 🚀
Great video, as always. This is such a revolutionary mission and it has been so exciting to sit it happen.
Another great video from this great channel. If I had a 2nd life to live, I'd be motivated by content like this to come back as an engineer. I hope it motivates those early in their 1st life (depending on how one counts) to consider engineering as a career. 'Cause somebody has to actually make the world work. Well done, Real Engineering.
I watched the impact live and since that I've been waiting for video on Real Engineering.
Excellent that you provide references. I hope plenty of other UA-camrs already do this and I’m just ignorant but if not, this is a must going forward.
As a planet killer myself this was a good heads-up
hello grays
This channel is BEYOND great! I'm so glad you have over 3.6M subscribers.
I always Adore this channel's Engineering Videos!
Always great, Brian.
Doing the dinosaurs proud.
While the fossil fuel was likely not from dinosaurs, I do hope someone thought to put an actual dinosaur bone in there.
Why? It would be wasted payload mass
@@Hawk7886 the message would be worth it, and it's not like that wasn't done before. A hammer and feather was brought to the moon (for obvoius reasons) and so was a golf club and a few golf balls. Not to mention the Tesla that is orbiting the sun atm
@@SirNobleIZH won't be worth it. This time they had just enough room for measuring equipment and even those measurements are real choppy
It’s nice to know that progress is being made to prevent cataclysmic events like asteroid impacts. Always a good thing to prepare.
The intro of this video absolutely sent me. Incredible.
Stuff like this makes me proud to be human.
I am very curious about the computer vision algorithms which DART used track the moonlet. Is there a source on that?
Open source nasa would be dank
@@interspect_ It should be. The shuttle files are all available
Seems like a pretty standard computer vision problem.
More insane engineering, love it!
Great work Thank you
Anyone else played The Expanse theme in their mind when watching the satellite rush towards the asteroid?
On todays episode of Real Engineering Iarnród Éireann launches a DART 8520 Class into space, this was the idea of Eamon Ryan who wanted to show off how great his trains were
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God bless you Real Eng. team. What a joy and encouragement you guys are.
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I cracked when he said ‘“a size of a refrigerator”
Awesome! :) Now it's time to build a "arsenal" of these, which is modular enough to adjust how to affect the asteroid :)
Maybe even get SpaceX to keep a few falcons and a falcon heavy always ready for flight should the need arise in a hurry.
I wish I could give you 1000 likes for this amazingly well-done video.
1001 would be better :)
Love the premier
This is so amazing!!!
Imagine If they hit it hard enough that the asteroid will not only miss us but we accidentally corrected it's path towards us a few decades later
This is the most important thing humans have done this year in the long run
Thanks for the video, I really appreciate what you make.
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"The dinosaurs finally clapped back." Fucking legendary!
When you get a 8 mile wide asteroid then talk to me
Why? You wanna be thrown at it?
Impractical, would be broken apart due to acceleration.
In Derek we trust
If that ever happens, then we will send @derekrichards instead of DART
Guy guys guys… he’s obviously putting it out for the record that he’s a certified forklift driver and has experience on a a oil rig. He’s signing up for the next manned mission to deliver a nuke on the asteroid.
(Hint for those who don’t watch movies - that’s from Armageddon)
Absolutely fantastic! The mission, as well as your video :) Makes me proud to be a human.
It's so surreal watching the impact live
call me a cry baby but I teared up during 10:38 until 11:04
"Beyond Moon missions. Beyond Mars missions. Beyond all the understanding NASA and other space agencies provide us, this Mission has a clear, understandable importance. We now have data and tools in our arsenal to protect our planet. We are now a little safer on this little rock, floating through the vast mysterious expanses of space."
it just send chills down my spine
I don't know if there is anything special about them, but I am curious about cameras used in situations like this, where there is a high (or guaranteed) chance of destruction, and we want to get as many frames as possible. Is there any special design to them to maximize the amount of data we get?
i imagine latency is a big concern, you want to move that data from the sensors to the antenna as quickly as possible before it all gets destroyed
It's truly incredible what NASA has been achieving the past 50+ years. From going to moon to diverting a fricking asteroid... nothing can be more mind blowing.
I saw the video about JWST on this channel and was surprised to see that they covered DART too! I participated in the mission on the observatory side of things, it was so cool to watch the impact in real time. You covered all the details excellently👍
This is brilliant. (Hah, pun.) I've seen so many videos already on the mission, the results, ongoing analyses, etc, but I haven't seen very much that discuss the engineering and logistics of actually making the mission happen. Excellent video, very informative!
Now how do I stop a killer planet?
asking for a friend
Do you know there's an asteroid in the Belt that's almost solid gold? How do we nudge that into orbit around Earth???
Outstanding video!!!
I am waiting for RS-25 (SSME)
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A million thanks to the efforts of all scientists and engineers to make our life much better and safer. ❤️
Wouldn't it be funny if Dimorphos suddenly halts and started heading towards Earth in retaliation.
💀
oh nononononononono
The only problem is you need a LOT of mass to really make an impact (pun intended)
or speeeeeeeed
You need kinetic energy, not mass.
And there's a fun fact about that: in kinetic energy, mass and speed can be substituted for each other. Your spacecraft will have an engine and a fuel tank, which imparts a fixed amount of energy. If your spacecraft is heavy, it'll accelerate only a little. If your spacecraft is light, it'll accelerate a whole lot. In both cases, the spacecraft will have the exact same kinetic energy after it finishes accelerating.
So the question is not, can we launch heavy enough objects for planetary defense (and the answer would be yes, we launch spacecraft twenty times the mass of DART all the time). The question is, can we launch an object with enough kinetic energy to redirect whatever object we detected that needs redirecting.
Given that DART exceeded its mission goal by over 300% despite not even using its ion drive, I feel pretty optimistic about that.
Or catch the problem early, so even a small change of direction is enough to save the Earth.
@@streetwind. if you have nuclearbomb in your slow spacecraft, kinetic energy is ready and very important : directional!
Dart mission protocol cannot handle an small asteroid incoming from the deepspace to earth.
it's easy to change an gravitational equilibrium (orbit) but cancel total kinetic energy is impossible from one human satellite.
I will be more impressed for a DART like mission succed to hit an asteroid not in the center but on the corner, after made prediction about asteroid center mass and see if dinosaurs can be alive :D
Today we are capable to send an arduino to an asteroid, well done guys! I need a beer
@@streetwind. you're reading the mission goal wrong. In the beginning of the video he talked about 1% deviation in its orbit around the sun. The result is over 4% deviation in its orbit *around another asteroid*
Thank you for using a PS1 as a reference for computing power. That really paints the picture for me.
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Another one magnificent video, thank you Brian for helping all of us fall in love with science ❤❤❤
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Can they load up the dart with maybe a nuclear payload? To redirect bigger space rocks?
In defending against an asteroid, especially a big one, nuking it is a really, really bad idea. You've basically taken a bullet and turned it into buckshot.
No, what you want to do is find a dangerous asteroid as early as possible, and deflect it with something like DART, but higher mass and higher velocity.
Then it is nudged just barely out of the way.
@@WasatchWind ideally you would want to spot it from even further away and use less invasive methods to not risk the astroid breaking up. But yes in general you are correct
@@WasatchWind Except the buckshot has a much better chance of either bouncing of or burning up in our atmosphere, so it would still be a win
@@brll5733 no, then it just goes from civilization ending asteroid to tons of potential city killer asteroid.
It makes zero sense to nuke it when deflecting it precisely has a much better result.
@@brll5733 the buckshot would be what we fire at the astroid. Not what the astroid would turn into.
And breaking the astroid in parts is usually considered a very bad idea since this makes it difficult to predict and correct their approach.
The wisest thing that should be on everyone mind currently should be to invest in different streams of income that doesn't depend on the govt. Especially with the current economic crisis around the world. This is still a good time to invest in Gold, silver and digital currencies(BTC, ETH..).
Actually thought I was the only one trading with Mrs Kiara Stein! She's currently managing all my funds too and she also provides webinars on how to trade perfectly without loss, but I haven't started trading on my own yet, still building up my portfolio with her help for now.
Thanks a lot for sharing her details. Wow she replies promptly !
Kiara Stein been really helpful for real, trading with her has been going smoothly for me as I've been able to raise over almost 4 btc when I started at 10k in usd about months ago. I would advise y'all to trade your asset now rather than hold for a future you aren't sure about
I also trade with Mrs Kiara analysis and guidance, she's perfect with Crypto trading that I've got upto 57K monthly returns
Fascinating!
Now I hope we are making many of these to have ready when we need them.
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I've a topic to add to the wishlist. Tug boats but not just the ordinary tug boat but Anchor Handling Tug Vessels (ATHV's) a unique piece of equipment and niche industry.
Wow That's very impressive
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Dude I love the picture meme that was put on the asteroid 🤣🤣 had me dying hahahaa
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"The dinosaurs finnally clapped back" holy shit what an amazing line i'll be using that from now on thanks
Great job to the camera man who filmed this.
3:18
That one rock that got obliterated
I think some also huge about this is how much of a difference in orbit it made will relatively little. No heavy dense material, no explosives payload (outside of the hydrazine). And it makes you hopeful that if the need arose and we had to deflect a asteroid 1-5km in diameter that the use of these could make an even larger impact in orbital frequency
Love the Nebula early access! 😎
I thought you were fake!
Wow DART is a big hit
Thank you. You are one of the best things on the whole internet. Thank you so much.
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It makes me happy knowing there are very smart people working to save me :)
Another banger
"Dinosaurs slapped back" made my day, thanks
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What would happen if you waved your hand past the ion thruster while it was firing?
Can't wait for Hera. Which a lot of videos on this topic completely miss.
And how do we know that we didn't change inclination? Since we only base our measurement on period, no amplitude delta.
I cant wait for Hera to beam back the aftermath of DART
This kind of tech is making a huge impact in our lives 😁
Would you like to make a video about F 16 fighter jet, it's relatively simple machine but groundbreaking in maneuverability and has widespread use around the world
I got to go to the launch party for the DART mission, it was really cool!
so damn fascinating
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Great video thanks
For your work
Just thinking out loud
What if us have moving that astroid knocked another in our direction
??