Facts and Fossils | The Light of Evolution - Episode 2
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- Опубліковано 14 жов 2022
- Keep exploring at brilliant.org/ForrestValkai/ Get started for free, and hurry-the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
Forrest is a biologist and an educator who specializes in evolutionary biology and bioanthropology. In this series, he shares his love of evolution by teaching the basics of this extraordinary science! Be sure to subscribe and stay tuned for Episode 3 where we'll cover genetics and how change happens over multiple generations!
Thanks to Dr. Pete White from Michigan State University for helping out with this video!
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Have an awesome day and never stop learning! - Наука та технологія
Keep exploring at brilliant.org/ForrestValkai/. Get started for free, and hurry-the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription!
It would be nice if you concentrated more on your channel and not AXP.
I know how you feel about religion, I feel the same way. But you have a platform that is better than AXP. In fact, I un-subbed from AXP for a multitude of reasons.
i don't find FV that brillant he is mostly a propaganda evangelist
@@raysalmon6566 you are not very bright are you? you probably got droop on your head when you were small
@@raysalmon6566 evidence?
Abiogenesis video please. That would be awesome!
This series is coming out at the perfect time for me. My science education was at an extremely conservative Mennonite school where we were forbidden to talk about evolution or the fact the universe is older then 6,000 years and I’m now getting curious about the real history of the universe
Good on ya
✌️✌️💪💪
I'm so happy to hear that you're learning about this stuff and I'm delighted that my videos are helping! Remember that asking questions is ALWAYS a good thing, even if we don't know the answer yet! Keep up the great work and never stop learning!
And that is why religion needs to wiped from existence.
Also check out Aron Ra's 50 part series 'Systematic Classification of Life'
What a pleasure it would have been to have had Forrest as a teacher 45 years ago! Super grateful to have someone that can share science so brilliantly! How long will it be before Forrest gains the notiriety he rightfully deserves??
Thanks for your generosity. It allows all of us to listen to him for free.
I couldn't agree more, ColoradoKid!
One minor (I think) thing that I would love for you to add for this series, is that when you mention a scientific concept, the name of a thing/method etc. Could you put at the bottom of the screen that in writing? Partially it would obviously help with looking into the thing deeper, but I and I expect many others remember things a lot better if they see the things in writing as well. Not sure why I do so, but I do. And I would loooove to remember more of the stuff you talk about
That's a very good idea, and I hope Forrest follows up on it.
I also struggle to learn through audio alone and I find the closed captions to be a huge help. I know they’re not perfect, but I still highly recommend them
Here you go...
*Ep. 2: How we know that evolution is real*
_The following are the topics covered in this episode. If you want to learn more about them, you can look up Wikipedia articles, or UA-cam videos, about these topics by simply searching for them using these same terms._
1) Scientific theory
2) Scientific law
3) Fossils:
• Fossilization
•• Petrification
••• Carbonates or silicates: High details
••• Iron: Lower details, but still good
•• Ice (Eg: frozen mammoths)
•• Tar (Eg: insects and dinosaurs)
•• Tree-sap (Eg: Insects)
•• Imprint (Eg: Cambrian explosion)
•• Trace fossils: Footprint, scratch marks, borrows, feces.
• Example fossils:
•• Parasaurolophus resonence chamber sound
•• Shark teeth (Megalodon?)
Super-positioning (rock layers/strata of deposits)
Extinction (natural and human-caused)
Geology (tectonic plates, changing weather, meteor impacts, etc.)
4) Dating methods:
Relative dating methods
• Superposition
• Stratographic correlation
• Biostratigraphic dating
Absolute dating method
• Radiometric clocks
•• Decay of atomic/quantum elements (including isotopes)
•• Half-life
•• Eg: Carbon dating (good up to 50k years)
• Florine dating (how fast Florine sweeps into the fossils)
• Dendrochronology
• Fission track dating
• Paleo magnetic dating
• Thermo lumisense dating
• Electron spin resonance dating
• Cultural dating
• Amino acid dating
5) Evidence of evolution in the fossils:
• Evolution of Tetrapods (limbs: 1 bone, 2 bones, little bones, long bones)
• Pentadactyl (5 fingers)
Homologous traits (Common characteristics through a common ancestor)
Convergent evolution (Common characteristics without a common ancestor)
6) Molecular phylogenetics:
• Genetics
• Deep homology (inherited genetic mechanisms, that eventually lead to convergent evolution)
7) _Since evolution is a tinkerer, not an inventor..._
Vestigial structures (evolutionary leftovers with no apparent function in their present form):
• Palmaris longus (the hand muscle that is evolving out of humans)
• Arrector pili muscles (gives you goosebumps, and causes the hair of other harrier animals to stand on its ends making them look larger)
• Darwin's tubercle (bump in your ear)
• Nictitating membrane (2nd eyelid)
• Vagus nerve (the nerve that goes from the brain to the voice box, through the heart)
Embryology: Embryonic markers of evolution
8) Selection of traits through the generations:
Artificial selection:
•Foods (mustard plants)
•Pets
Natural selection:
•E. coli long-term evolution experiment
•The Evolution of Bacteria on a “Mega-Plate” Petri Dish
• Insect-eating Podarcis Sicula lizard on the Pod Kopiste island Plant-eating descendants on the Pod Marcaru island.
(Bonus) Sexual selection
@@KindlingEffect You're doing important scientific work
True, good idea
At several points I ran to my wife to tell her about something you described. If I didn't have a full day already, I would be in a nerd spiral on the experiments.
Learning about evolution makes me feel connected in ways that religion never did.
We are star stuff.
Parts of us were there at the beginning and will be there till the end.
I've found that really comforting.
Yeah, that's a good point. Evolution makes me feel connected to the rest of "creation", or rather, reality. We're part of a whole, that religion just can't explain.
I do this too. Running from room to room to tell my partner about stuff Forrest says lol.
Well said.
Religion says, "Don't think, don't explore, just believe the myth we threaten your life with!"
@@curtbressler3127 meanwhile science says "look at how amazing all this is, look at how it all works, look at the brilliance in the chaos the order from disorder and be at peace. You are always both the heir to it and the ancestor"
My parents could watch this whole video, and still be like "Nah, I don't think so"
"You've got history written all over your body" gave my goosebumps, and it's amazingly true. What an amazing teacher you must be, I'd love to have had one like you in school.
Excellent video!
Those vestigial erector pili muscles coming into play 😉
@@newmeta2668 well done, sir. Well done.
@@newmeta2668 It's just a man made assumption on the basis of what seems to be it's anatomical structure! How can we truly know what it sounded like with out a complete representation of its entire anatomy?
@@wendelljenkins3911 what are you on about?
Absolutely. Now I get it! It's amazing!
I love how you can literally see how Forrest sincerely is super excited to teach you about evolution and it's great! When someone is super excited to teach you about something you're so much more excited to learn!
And now compare that to a grifter and narcissist like Hovind, who just likes to have people listen to him, so he can make himself feel important...
You can instantly see the difference.
I know! It amps me up to learn. He provides great context for things like Darwin starting the theory of evolution.
That's half of what makes him an amazing teacher, the other half is obviously that he knows his stuff
You're describing Adolf Hitler
@@spiderland7811 no that describes any good teacher. Try to avoid jumping to Hitler
Everything about Forrest is just so wholesome and easy to digest. His demeanor, the way he breaks down super complex scientific concepts, and his sense of humour make him the best Science Communicator in the whole UA-cam community in my opinion.
As someone who religiously 😜 watches your videos, please keep up the great work for those of us who can't teach as well as you can. Your videos are a small yet vital way to lift humanity out of our ignorance about our beautiful universe.
Hello to Forrest's undercover mom
@@jeffkelly4721 😂😂😂BUT! I have to agree with his “undercover” mom. Note: not his dad.
Totally agree.
He twisted the definition of "scientific theory" to make it sound more factual.
The actual definition
"A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Such fact-supported theories are not "guesses" but reliable accounts of the real world."
His definition:
"A functional explanation for an observed natural phenomenon that has been repeatedly tested verified, and observed."
See the difference?
He twisted the words to make it seem like the theory has been tested and observed, whereas it is the body of facts the theory tries to explain that have been confirmed.
Pretty sneaky huh?
If you haven't come across him yet, you'll also enjoy checking out 'Professor Dave Explains'. He does brilliant debunks as well as a ton of series covering basic introduction to the material of the major fields of science.
This series needs to be added to the curriculum around the world. Thank you so much for what you do!
Definitely!
@@Evolved- Absolutely!
Forrest is new Bill Nye?
True. Forrest Valkai videos should part of the national curriculum. Including here in Australia.
@@denverarnold6210 Forrest is a wholesome one, Bill is a sassy one.
I'm trained as a biologist and I'm absolutely loving this series, and still learning new things. Keep up the fantastic work!
You and me both, it's absolutely wonderful to revisit these things from a passionate heart
Is it true that Forrest Valkai has no bachelor's degree, a masters degree or any other accredited paperwork and yet he tries to have his viewers believe that he is a qualified scientist! This proves that he is nothing but the atheist's version of Kent Hovind. For he thinks that men can magically morph into women and women can magically morph into men with a simple creed recitation (I am a Woman, I am a woman!). He is a fake. Kids, don't learn science from him otherwise you will be dumbed down.
Your sheer DELIGHT on display about the trumpet dinosaurs is just wonderful!
I genuinely feel a deep sadness that there are people who's family, education, or what have you, failed them in giving them the ability to understand the absolute beauty of evolution and all of its wonderfully messy complexity. I hope you continue this series so hopefully some new people can find that same beauty.
Forrest, I just wanna say thank you!!! from everyone who grew up like I did.
I was homeschooled YEC and didn't start learning uncensored science until my 20s, your content has been a wonderful step in my journey to learn what I missed out on as a kid 💕
Forrest, it always brightens my day when you upload. A couple months ago, I stumbled upon your old “Ask and Atheist Day”. That video is what caused me to start questioning my religion, and now I’m an atheist. I’m wondering if you plan on ever doing another?
I'm thrilled to hear that you're free! I do plan on doing another someday. I'm just pulled between 15 other projects at the moment. Definitely soon, though.
It's amazing how quickly religion can be lost if we have the courage to truly question it. At least in the fundamentalist background I came from, everything is such a rickety house of cards that when one falls they all go.
@@RenegadeScienceTeacher that’s amazing to hear!
that is amazing, almost as cool as your username XD
@@Gaston-Melchiori ❤️
Forrest, I can't imagine how many comments you must get everyday, so the chances of you reading this one are slim. However I'd like you to know that your positive enthusiastic attitude towards teaching science not only makes your videos so engaging, but they also inspire a sense of awe and noticeably uplift my mood whenever I watch them. I imagine this effect is close to what you set out to accomplish, but I hope that hearing about it brightens *your* mood. Thank you so, so much. ❤
This series, even 2 episodes in is amazing! The parasaurolophus sound is incredible!
I'm really glad to see someone like Forrest in TAE these days. If there was anyone who could take up the mantle left by Matt, I'm glad it's this guy.
As someone who is aged way beyond my school years at this point, and I'm not as old as that probably makes me sound, I love that Forrest is doing this series. I've done a few things I've loved in my life so far. I've done stage performing, I've played music to at least a couple hundred people on an instrument I had to play my first show after only a few weeks to learn that then turned into over 5 years of the most fun I've ever had in my life (granted these performances were religion based so I can't do them anymore). Music has really been the one constant in my life. I got out of school in 2010, granted that was high school and I never even attempted college. Back in school, after being raised in the Church of Christ and then later as a Southern Baptist, I had given up on young Earth creationism. I kept that quiet for around 15 years before I revealed my atheism, which was about 2 years after I truly understood I was an atheist, but I had already given up in school about learning much. I had no interest in biology, evolution, math, civics, even history which was always my best classes. Basically I was willing to memorize what I had to. Beyond that, there was no point in the effort in my eyes because everything was dull, pointless and a waste of my time when I could be doing basically anything else.
To make a way to large block of text end in a more succinct way, at 30 years old, I'm infinitely more interested in learning how I came to be solely on the back of the energy, care and love that Forrest has for all these things I should've given a chance around 15 years ago. So, on behalf of us high school slackers, college non-goers and people that just didn't have the ability to care about learning at the time, here's my thanks for showing me I can still find things I want to learn about even if it isn't my first chance.
Wow! Well said. And explains how so many people got through high school and nothing sparked them. But Forrest does. He really does. And I’m happy and excited for you.
I headed out with my dogs for a little exploration and camping out in Wyoming a couple of weeks ago. Since we had been driving for a couple hours, and because my dogs needed a potty break, I randomly pulled off on some dirt road I had never been on, but knew it was on public lands. As my knucklehead dogs ran around, I noticed a grouping of rocks with one that looked like a knot in a tree. And wouldn’t you know it? It was a large grouping of petrified wood!! I’ve never been a rockhounder, but that was a quite the find! Turns out, the area I was in use to be a sub tropical rain forrest @55 million years ago and a tree from then fossilized. And by a completely random event…because my dogs needed a bathroom break…I found some ancient petrified wood!
I love this stuff Forrest! Keep it coming!
"They were like trumpets!" And humans are woodwind-stringed instruments that also have the capacity to do percussive elements. As someone who trained as a vocalist and a flutist, I found this knowledge as exciting to me as you do about the giant trumpetosaurs. ☺️💓
Guess I essentially posted this same message 6 months ago. Oh well. Maybe someone will find it interesting. 😊
I love watching you Forrest. You remind me a lot of my Uncle Bobby, not him now, but my memories of him from when I was a little kid (I'm 43, so he's in his 60s now) but when I was a kid and he was in his 20s (he was my mom's "baby brother"). We would only see him once a year or less and he was always excited like this when he would take us out into the woods or on his boat and show us something about nature that was so cool. We lived in the Las Vegas desert, but when we would visit my mom's parents in Maryland he would come do something fun with us that was so different from what we were used to at home. Boating, fishing, visiting rivers in the woods. A few summers he worked as a camp counselor in the woods in Virginia. He ended up becoming a teacher as well and he has all kinds of stuff in his basement like a fossilized pufferfish puffed up and little trilobites and stuff. And he still gets like this when I bring my kids to Maryland and he shows them something cool. You remind me a lot of him with the curly hair and the "how cool is that". My mom was less into science, she was the one who would read us books and any time we asked her how to spell something or what a word meant she would take us to the big dictionary (this thing is like a 12 by 12 book, 3 inches thick with vellum pages and even though it was printed like 50 years ago, I have yet to find a word that isn't in it, although I haven't looked up internet or sexting lol). As a teacher now a days, I reallize how different my life was as a kid than most people, my family was all about learning all the time.
A decade ago, I did several evolutionary biology/genetics/scientific journalism classes in school and then translated an entire essay book on genetics for a Japanese pharmeceutical company (sadly, my other major discipline prevented a degree in science), so none of this stuff was particularly new to me, but I really enjoy how you somehow took several months of content one might be overwhelmed with in class and turned it into a clear, concise, and memorable video. I also won't say 36 minutes is "bite-sized", but it is most certainly very digestable with your style! Thank you!
I’m really grateful for you taking the time to create this series
Dude I love your energy and your excitement about education and it makes me excited to learn from you. Don't stop being you man keep up the quality videos man 👌
Thanks for all your hard work, I've been unweaving my christian upbringing for the past year and your videos have been really helpful in realizing science is a lot more concise and advanced then I was brought up to believe.
I’ve often thought that the truth of how the cosmos works is so much more interesting and inspiring than the stories we made up in the infancy of our species to try to make sense of it all. The sad and ironic part of our story is that the people who cling to those old myths with the most tenacity, with eyes squeezed shut and fingers jammed in ears, are just following programming that made their ancestors successful participants in the game of life.
It seems that “red in tooth and claw” has become a metaphor (and hopefully *only* a metaphor) for the struggle of sentience to break free not only from genetic programming that no longer confers a survival advantage, but also from the achingly slow and blind working out of evolution by natural selection, constrained by reproduction and depending on the randomness of mutations, that we have been tethered to since the beginning.
Believers ask what purpose non-believers could possibly have. They fail utterly to grasp the real power of Purpose, fraught with peril and opportunity, that will arise when our sentient species really knows enough to take its destiny into its own hands.
Science and Forrest both ROCK.
I agree.
That E-Coli experiment was mind blowing. I never saw that in any of my classes but my subjects could have been much earlier than this experiment. I loved it. Thank you so much.
Forrest...really well done. This nutshell explanation covered all the key points of "Facts and Fossils". For the average person interested in science it would be like drinking from a firehose. As a 70 year old Geologist who never stopped studying, your presentation, putting it all in a half hour vid was impressive (and inspiring) I haven't lost the wonder in the 45 years since I finished my undergrad. Re-reading Sagan's Pale Blue Dot, still brings a tear to my eye.
Thanks for helping me educate my kids. Your work is much appreciated! 🙂
the fact that I learn more from this UA-cam channel than I have ever learned in science classes growing up in the Bible belt says a lot
I have been avidly watching evolutionary biology videos almost daily or over a year now, including most of Forrest's videos, yet somehow there were so many things in this video that I had never ever heard anybody talk about (an in-depth intuitive explanation of how and why radiometric dating literally works, deep homology, babies being born with hairy backs, those big-headed island lizards, etc)
Forest, I know these must take a lot of work but man I wish you would upload more. Such a great orator and inspiration. I’m always refreshing your page to see if another one was released
Great video as always. The discovery Channel or something needs to get you your own show my man. This is super high quality content you're putting out and I think more people need to be watching it and learning from you. You break it down into these super easy to learn chunks of information and your segues are flawless. Each transition is clean and is easy to follow. Keep up the amazing work you do.
It wasn't till I was 20 that I learned the world was older than 6000 years. I'm so glad stuff like this is so available for kids who may be in a similar situation I was
Funny thing about Italian Wall lizards left on Pod Mrčaru is that it was never planed to be that kind of experiment, but because of war in Croatia it took longer for scientists to go back and check up on the lizards.
After the war ended, scientists went back only to be stunned at what they did find there... It's truly fascinating stuff....
Thank you for all the stuff that YOU do on UA-cam and other platforms. Never stop teaching! 😁
"How do we know what we know?" AKA: Every moderately decent STEM undergraduate degree. I thought I was great at doing labs in honors classes in high school. AP and college courses taught me otherwise. In an AP bio lab, the teacher warned us we would all probably get a C or worse in our first lab, but he would explain everything wrong, and let us fix it. He was right. Good science is a very different animal from what we were taught in elementary school science fairs. I went on to be an elementary school science fair judge, and I am BRUTAL.
IOW, you're a jerk to young children who need encouragement. Weird flex. Does sneering at the efforts of elementary school children make you feel like a big man?
The excitement Forrest has for this makes me excited too. I love it when someone has this much passion for science.
Evolution is so obvious and undeniable that it's shocking it wasn't discovered earlier.
The bacterial phylogenetic tree was one of the most amazing things I've ever seen.
They were talking about it long before Darwin described natural selection. Way back in Greece the concept was thrown around.
You're the science teacher I wish I'd had 50 years ago ;-) Your excitement is contagious!
I adore how excited you get about science. It makes it really fun to watch your videos. 💖
Wow!
That dinosaur that they recreated the sounds for… was amazing!
There could have been many variations of quick bursts or chirps… except with that big sound.
Btw… I thought it was a little more powerful than a trumpet.
I'd go with a french horn.
A big thing I love about Forrest’s channel is that he is such a great teacher in that he entertains while educating, so even if you are aware of everything he is saying you come to watch in the same way you watch entertaining documentaries.
You communicate these ideas with such clarity, energy, and humour! Always a joy to watch your videos -- Thank you 🙂👍
Thanks! I really do hope my cousins actually follow this series as much as the follow "the word of god" don't worry I told them to not just take your word but to go and research and learn! Seriously thank you buddy for this educational soon to be masterpiece!
Man this was really great. I love when science people get excited about science, it's much easier to learn from enthusiasm, and you tend to get swept up in it too.
In a time where proper education and supported information/data is more important than ever before. This content and Forrest’s passion for science they wear on their sleeve gives me hope for the future. Forrest don’t ever stop educating people with clear compassion and respect, while maintaining focus on how we need to help others grow not just info dumping while holding those individuals accountable for unwillingness to acknowledged their own biases and blind spots. It’s impressive, admirable and has to be exhausting. I know I struggle with such incongruities in education or perspective on a daily basis!
Thank you so much for making this series, I was just talking to some friends about not knowing where to start about learning evolution since I grew up in a private Christian school. I was so excited when I saw you post this, it’s been so useful!
He's a great science communicator, I also suggest Gutsick Gibbon if you are interested in some more en depth stuff for hominid evolution.
That video was absolutely brilliant. Well spoken, well thought out, and extremely entertaining. Forrest, I predict you will be the next Bill Guy or Neil DeGrasse Tyson in the science world of educators. People will be calling for you for expert analysis on scientific issues. I fully expect to see you on network TV soon as an expert on whatever the show is reporting on. Keep up the good work.
Bigotry-Video-Essays: "Some More News"!
@@slevinchannel7589 While your comment may have sounded ok in your head, it makes absolutely no sense to the rest of us.
Only 2 episodes in and I'm already obsessed with this series! Not only is it a fascinating topic in its own right, but your enthusiasm makes it so fun to watch and learn about!!
Keep up the amazing work Forrest!
I'm reminded of the line Shannon Q said on a different show. "Find someone that will talk about you like Forrest talks about science"
Oh man, I feel like I found your channel at the best possible time! I just saw it this week and have now watched a few of your most recent videos, including the evolution ones episode 1 & 2. I have always had a big interest in evolution, and even though I've done my own research/studies over the years, I never dove deep enough where I'd feel satisfied either due to time, money, or other resource. This series is perfect for me and I'm eagerly awaiting your next upload.
I learned all this long ago, but you are so entertaining while explaining it, I've just gotta watch! ❤️❤️
@23:00 Fun Fact: the number of digits we tetraopods have turns on the number of alanine amino acid repeats in the HOX13 gene ... and that early tetrapods started out with more than the five we've settled on since. Also, our distant dino cousins were more prone to dropping digits, unlike we more boring mammals that do so more rarely.
Absolutely loving this series. The information is broken down so well, it would almost take effort to misunderstand. I'm taking notes on key points to check into later. Everytime I learn something, it just leads me to new questions. It's so much fun.
Amazing series! Your TikTok account, and your UA-cam channel have greatly helped me with my understanding of evolution and how it works. I appreciate your work.
I can't describe the respect i have for this dude, he's constantly making my life better without even knowing me! I know this comment sounds like i'm some creep or half-crazy person that is exaggerating a bit at thanking someone that just wanted to give infos to the world, but i'm simply too thankful to this person, he changed my life
Bro no need for the self deprecation the guy is a treasure
@@noxabellus thanks man, i am also convinced he's a good person
Forrest is simply amazing, and even though I’ve studied the many branches of science obsessively for the past three years, until this episode, I never knew just how many branches of science could have debunked evolution by dating the fossils and rock layers differently from what evolution by natural selection would’ve predicted-but all of those branches of science agree with Darwin’s proposal without fail!!!!! How often do you get so many scientific disciplines to agree on one tentative idea that seems so out there and almost far-fetched?
@@aaron2891 debunked evolution? The things you said support evolution, even too much!
I’m in the same boat as you. I used to hate science because it was so hard for me to understand. But the way he explains everything, it makes a lot of sense, and I retain the information and tell it to my friends and family, which *never* happens for me. I’m so thankful for Forrest, because he made me love science.
I referenced one of your videos describing vestigial structures for one of my classes needed for my degree. I got feedback from my professor saying she was super impressed with it. Thanks a million for everything you do!!! 👍 👍
This is my favorite series on UA-cam currently. There isn't even a close second! Thank you, Forrest.
Im really appreciating the effort put into this series!
While I have my own very deep rooted issues within our current education system I believe that, with a presentation like this youre pulling out some of the best you can get in our current system.
And the videos are great to vibe and listen to while doing menial stuff!
You are very, very good at explaining the science of evolution and I love that you get to the point. And you make science seem amazing! Because it is! But not everyone can get that across.
Man, your enthusiasm is so contagious and engrossing, it makes a treat out of watching your content every time - even though I have a scientific background and none of this is fundamentally new to me
Your excitement to talk about this makes learning it so much more enticing
This series is phenomenal! Very informative and easy to follow.
Forrest! Thanks for the content. I have been watching you on the athiest experience. Your an amazing science communicator and a perfect person to step in for Matt.
This is amazing. i have been making youtube clips for myself with all your pro evolution arguments from your reacteria videos to show to people. and this just combines them all and makes it way easier to show. thank you!
The wealth of information Forrest packs into each video is truly staggering. I watch them repeatedly and learn something new every time. Easily the best science teacher online! His enthusiasm for science is infectious and makes him a real joy to watch.
This is the absolute best thing in the world to watch while high.
I'm always happy to be of service to the stoner science enthusiasts out there.
It's good to watch while not stoned, too.
Thank you so much for videos like this. I left the church a couple years ago but due to my conservative education, I have no idea how the world works. Your channel has given me a better understanding of the world and has helped shape my new world view.
Give this man his own tv series! His intro is already BBC level (reminds me of some of the intros to David Attenborough series).
Hey Forrest I’ve been lurking about around the same time your first reacteria video came out and I want to just say thank you. I was stuck in a dead end with my life being halted by covid from getting a very competitive degree and was feeling very down and out about everything. But you sparked my love for science and biology and paleontology all over again and now I’m a fresh 26 year old going back to school for biology. You’re doing great and keep it up
This episode, and the previous one, are both fascinating and interesting. Great job, Forrest! Please keep them coming!
This is FUCKING AWESOME because I started watching Forrest with basically 0 science education and because of him I went back to school for sciences, and I was studying for one of my midterms today and a lot of it is about nicolaus steno and George Cuvier and James Hutton explaining all their theories etc !!!!!! So radical that I had no idea who these people were or what these ideas meant just 2 months ago but now I’m following along like YES YES I UNDERSTAND NOW 😂😂🎉
I'm an artist and my work has skewed into science advocacy since 2019. This video is extraordinarily helpful for how to speak and explain in a fun and interesting way, thank you!
oh.. oh no I just got to "Cheesy Varnish" O____O....... still helpful lol
Forrest, I just love how you break such complex things down into easy to understand pieces, and how goddamn excited you are about science. Awesome. Keep up the great work. 👍
Hey Forrest, some people don't understand, or are disingenuous about, the difference between "theory" with a little t and "Theory" with a big T (gravity, evolution, etc.). Is there a word, such as hypothesis, that we (scientists, science interested people, working up to the general public) could start using to make the difference clearer? I know some non-science people (they're nice but they're liberal arts majors) that have a little trouble with that. If not "hypothesis," my friend that went to law school said that they used the term "hypothet" as shorthand for "hypothetical situation," how about that? Know any linguists?
Thanks, and I LOVE your passion for science!
(edit for clarity)
I always had such a love for biology and evolution when I was younger. Thank you for reminding me of that passion and helping me remember how beautiful it all is.
How can I get into science and be as excited as this fine young man at 52 years old??!!
If only creationists would watch Forrest's videos.
Read the comments, they do !
@@dancingnature I'm not sure if they actually watch it, though. I've heard a lot of them use the same strawmen that all creationists use, even if said strawman was debunked in the video. I think the just go straight to the comment section
@@dancingnature key word watch
Love the new content. while debunking creationists is fun, getting good information clean of their nonsense is amazing!
I really appreciate your channel, and this series. I’m 25, and I was raised in a very conservative, Christian home. As I’ve continued to learn more about the world, I’ve come away from my Christian faith. Along with all of the super fun religious trauma I’ve been working on unpacking, there came the realization that a lot of what I was taught scientifically was not true. Realizing just how much information was misrepresented or hidden from me has been incredibly eye opening. And seeing you address the seemingly ironclad arguments that were presented as pillars standing against evolution, and just showing how hollow they really always were has been incredibly eye opening.
Thank you so much for doing what you do Forrest
I love learning about how we came to be.
It’s amazing to see how we changed so much.
Lately, I’ve been obsessed with the black pelage and the history of it.
I learned that those who survived it may have developed a new gene to defend against the pelage and similar diseases.
It’s so fascinating and this video here certainly help me understand sone things I didn’t fully understand before.
Such an amazing video!
I knew horses were rude
This is extremely interesting, and even though I know most of this already, I can't help but be excited to relearn it because of the pure infectious joy Forrest has in the processes of the Natural World.
FYI that Ichtyosaur wasn’t giving birth at the time of its death. They gave live birth but the baby Ichtyosaur was most likely pushed out after death by gasses building up in the decomposing body.
Enjoying this series! My favourite part of reacteria is the way you actually provide scientific explanations about why the videos you cover are incorrect so loving that this series is just focusing on the scientific explanations :)
A theory has been weighed it has been tested and it has been found not to be wanting.
What's your take on endogenous retroviruses as evidence for evolution?
The sun always shines a little brighter whenever Forrest Valkai uploads a video.
Thank you for this series, not only has it helped me understand better, but we plan to use it for our kids too ☺️
Just imagine if Proffesor Forrest's videos were watched by everyone on the planet . There would be less irrational religious violence, for starters. It's nice to dream. *sigh*
Creationists either don't understand evolution, misunderstand evolution or lie about evolution or a combination of all three.
.... plus willfully dumb about it.
Something that should've been mentioned more when discussing radiometric dating is measuring daughter isotopes as part of the calculation process since, as YECs are so fond of saying, we weren't there to measure the levels when died.
You are clearly the BEST at explaining evolutionary phenomenon in a very interconnected way that is so very enlightening. Thanks for giving this to us.
Kent hovint would dislike this
i'm honestly just watching these so i can browse the comments of defensive creationists
I have had to manually learn all this stuff on my own terms like many others here because I was raised in a southern baptist, conservative, young earth, biblical inherrancy-believing family and community and went to Christian private schools my whole life where I learned nothing. The more videos that you and others produce is much appreciated especially by ex-cult members such as myself. Again, I can't stress how important it is for voices and channels like yours help people like me. You aren't making these for nothing and they serve an enormous purpose. Thank you!
really nice to see you again, Forrest!
Fossil collecting is one of my all-time hobbies. This made me kinda brag in front of those who don't know about it (which I will hereafter. Thanks a lot for this...