The plane has never been designed in the History of human endeavour which had no flaws at the start. Successful plane are those that the operators perceive as having distinctive advantgages over alternatives .And successful plaes are always improved over time.The motto should be: reinforce success and improve upon it.Looking for perfection is counter productive.
I find it funny how govt. just pushed the Mk1A deal ahead as if to say, "nag later, use it first!" Some might argue the technology is subpar, but hey its a cheap, reliable, developing platform mastering new technologies alongside its development. Encouragement is necessary now more than ever alright! These are better than those of ageing flying coffins anyway.
India has some of the most intelligent people on the planet, with leaders in the high tech industry running some very capable software companies in the west. If only they could get there act together internally they would be unmatched...With 5th Gen fighters already here and just across the border in China and 6th gen on the way, India needs to be far more bold...
Let’s be more specific instead of BOLD say super aggressive. Bharat will break away Pakistan and China both at once. Bharat is a dangerous country with very dangerous line of weaponry. Next War will bring the best of all in warfare technology.
@@rtc675 I don't want to disrespect anyone but as an Indian, I know so far, the Indian army especially the Indian airforce selects the best mind of India a very cream young generation of India appointed as an officer in IAF, and every other Indian have this dream from there childhood to be in IAF. So far you have seen our engineers and doctors but do not have any idea about the Indian Army Officers. We are the most disciplined army in the world.
@@wanderlust_pahari That is all probably true when it comes to Junior Commissioned Officers - full of National pride and the uniform they wear. But, as they rise in the ranks, the opportunities to be seduced by the dark side/the import lobby is too great. Services, sadly, too reflect what happens in the rest of society at large where corruption is a way of life. No one is immune. Unless, this nationalist government lays down the diktat of only India MIC material for the forces, the same nonsense will continue when it comes to home grown defense products vs fancy ass foreign brochures that seem to adorn the halls of the MoD and IAF and IA too.
Need to increase manufacturing capabilities, need to assemble atleast 20-30 jets per year. The Jaguar mig21, mig23, mig29, mirage needs to retire too in recent future. Enemy wont give 20 years time to get ready for war!!!
@@KaustabhSinghaRoy I am arguing for at least 200 more orders of Tejas Mark2. This can only be paid for by cancelling the MRFA. 20 billion will buy all the Tejas we will ever need.
Enemy like Cheap Chinese Dragon 🐉 surprises with an midnight attack...creeps in after sun sets and clobbers indian soldiers in the darkness of the night and lives them in the frozen pong gong so lake.
By the way for all those wheelchair keyboard ⌨️ warriors... HAL, DRDO, ADA, LRDE and IAF has got nothing todo with the Dragons 🐉 intrusion in Galwan. Even if they had 10squadrons of Tejas fighter jets, they where under ‘no first use policy’. Sorry 😐 we lost 25 of our on foot ‘brave soldiers’ ...👨🏻✈️
மோடிஜி & பிஜேபி இந்த எட்டு ஆண்டுகளில் இந்தியாவின் பாதுகாப்புக்காக செய்த சாதனைகள் பல்லாயிரம் ஆனால் இடது மீடியாக்களும் வந்தேறி டம்ளக் போன்ற கட்சி தமிழ் மக்களிடம் போய் சேராமல் பார்த்திக்கொண்டார்கள்
Wow, the Tejas mk2 will be the perfect High-Low mix of the AMCA. It can also replace the Jaguar, Mig 29s and Mirage 2000...(even a squad or 2 of the SU 30-MKI or atleast reducing the workload of the MKI's)... Hope we use the GE F414- Ge400 variant, to have 116kn thrust than the ordinary F414 which have just 98kn..... And also, we need to have better manufacturing capabilities, to replace the old sqauds in time, or else the Fleet strength of the IAF will fall to an all time low...
Kaveri or Snecma collaboration wil produce a higher thrust engine. GE will offer a higher thrust variant only when it is obvious Bharat already has one on the shelf, in which case why do we need it?
@@datoolz0 You are right as far as the engine is concerned However to minimize flaws, the plane should be designed around the engine and NOT vice versa. However, as they say in Hindi "Majhboori thee"
@@baijueapen2881 We have no confirmed tested and operational engine yet and won't have for years because flight testing has been delayed. Beggars can't be choosers. Majhboori indeed. Kaveri will only come in two years and when it does, it might make the entire SNECMA collaboration redundant. Kaveri is based on 90s technology but we now have 2000-2010 tech in engines. A new engine can do better than what Kaveri could do in the 1990s.
Like ISRO,DRDO will prove produce a world class plane in a short time ! The Indian brains and their commitments will prove and surprise! Modiji is a great motivator for their performances!
@@fromsuperearth..3323 hd hai ullu...government support ,budget ,trust nam ki chij hoti hai , pahle setelite belgadi pe or pm ke birthday flight me mante the . ab pm launch me unke sath bethta hai or vifal hone par bhi unhe support karta hai yhi antar hai
Wrong perception of the flaws detected in the prototype stage. Inducted aircrafts have no such flaws. Only problems the IAF faced are the underpowered GE 404 engine, the 8G limit caused by the airframe itself, the defensive suite compatibility and the low combat radius. The Mark 2 will overcome all of these. No nation on earth has built the perfect fighter plane in the first batch out of the factory. HAL has done far better than any other. Not a single crash or mid air malfunction since prototype stage till date.
I'll second that. HAL and the design team have done well to avoid teething problems associated with aircraft development, including crashes. So let's blanket criticise our folks.
When you know you have competition, then even being perfect is short lived. The goals and targets keep moving. We are still self flagging our only small bird 🐦 that has not seen any dogfights and hence clean slate. When the Chinese have been coming out with atleast 1 new model every year and better than the previous one. They have been not only producing them in no’s but also exporting or giving them as aid to our headache 🤕 neighbors
@@SanjayGupta-nt9vn Mao Tse Tung famously said that "quantity has it's own quality". China follows this till date. They cobble up various fighter jets in great quantity but even their most advanced ones have huge weaknesses. Numbers seldom win a war.
@bastab bakwas then let’s put it to test. Just as CDS was trying to get everyone’s attention on China 🇨🇳 and possible two front war with Pakistan 🇵🇰 under CPEC posing a minor threat. Why don’t we use Taiwan 🇹🇼 and Quad in engaging the dragon 🐉 🇨🇳
@Cool Sparkz are you sure that only China landed on Mars in first try? India is first country which landed on Mars in first try. And lowest cost. Go to primary school and grow your knowledge first.
In 2004 I got into an argument with someone for suggesting that the Tejas should have been designed with a close coupled canard and probably follow the Swiss air force ALR Piranha which never went beyond the design and experimental stage for lack of funds, here we are now with the similar Tejas Mark 2. It has almost the same dimension and probably the same architecture.
All those maneuverable Russian planes never cross the front line in Ukraine. No wonder America never manufactures such planes. Low drag is always better than high maneuverability.
@@jamesedward9572 the initial delay was bcz of lack of funds,technology,infra,etc and now HAL produces tejas mk1's slowly to keep the production line running till the manufacturing of mk1as mk2s,etc start.They do not want to leave the production lines dormant so why dont you take your shit and shove it somewhere else
@@jamesedward9572 Buddy if u know Govt has changed in India in 2014. This Govt don't believe in steal and let steal others rather this Govt work overtime and make their employees do the same either by motivation or by stick. Me too a Govt employee. Earlier we used to work 7 hours a day for 5days a week and 2 days weekly off .. Now we work from 7 to 7 .. nearly 12 hour 5days a week sometimes even 6 days a week. Now you can understand why we are expecting a better production line in upcoming years. And Probably you are smart enough to understand why all of a sudden how India is testing so many indigenous weapons and trying to be self dependent in every sector. Population is gifted already and Bharat has started to use them in an efficient way probably for the first time after independence. May God help you search a new world market coz India not gonna be in the buyers list in near future. Cheers 🍺🍺
@@jamesedward9572 maybe you see the 90s India in the west media still. To increase production we just need infrastructure and manpower now since we already have engineering problems solved. And India is building infrastructure non-stop in last decade ,one of highest rate in the world and there is no lack of manpower with billion people
It was not the poor work culture, rather it was the worst political culture in our previous government lead by congress-communist-islamist, but fortunately we have now tremendously efficient government and so,it will remain very longer duration to serve our beloved country 🇮🇳👏👏👏🙏🌺🌹❤
Remember history . Go through it if forgotten . Every weapon showcased today was contribution from previous governments . Initiation , development , testing and production . LCA got first two initial operational clearances from Air force before Modi came . Limited series production came . Every space achievement was from previous governments only . Don’t yell on crazily Modi-Modi .
@Park at what did not happen in past 30 years is taking shape since 3 years, design and development work takes time, we have the know how now and Dragon 🐉 is the ‘Enemy at the gate’ who has the will and the might too. Trust me, We shall overcome with a little more appreciation from our citizens.
@@SanjayGupta-nt9vn : All the missile and weapon programmes were started by Indira Gandhi . Dr Abdul Kalam was given the responsibility . By 2000 all systems were realised ,tested ,produced and deployed . SLV ,ASLV ,PSLV ,GSLV were all contributions of earlier governments. Not just three years developments. Know the history . Don't insult scientists like Dr Abdul Kalam or Dr HN Sethna , Chidambaram or Vikram Sarabhai etc .
After tejas mk-2 program HAL and DRDO have to start for the development of twin engine 5.5 G tejas mk-3 heavy aircraft which will replace the su-30mki fleet within 2040-45
@@bhaveshthorecha4691 But it is medium category fighter jet.The tejas mk-3 should be same as AMCA but heavier and more payload capacity.It may have indigenous Engine.
It's great to imagine the day tejas mk2 would fly high over the lac. It's a very capable and potent fighter and matches rafale and f16 .In some qualities it would match f22 raptor. I praise the Govt to allot funds for its development and manufacturing. Request toडीआरडीओ,ada , hal and its subsidiaries is to work day and night tirelessly so that it comes before schedule. जय हिन्द 🇮🇳 🇮🇳
@Sacrafago90 what have u been smoking .. India always down plays the technology .. go read about radar absorption material composites that is in Tejas ..
Thank you for a riveting episode. Our country needs fighter aircraft with quick maintenance turnaround to ensure availability of a greater number operational aircraft when needed. Indigenous assets are best suited for this. The percentage of local components used for manufacture and improvement in service support will develop with time .
Great news about technology. But the slow process of production and induction in the IAF is regrettable. With such a slow rate in output, countries that aspire for the purchase of the Indian weapon system , are surely looking for alternative sources that could meet their needs. We hear a lot about the state of the art technology to be incorporated into Tejas. But when will it join the IAF , is a timeless anxiety.
GOVT has to Invest in production lines to improve the Productivity! IAF operates 50 - Mirage 2000 , 120 - Jaguar, 90 - MIG 29 totally 260 Aircrafts are at its end of life cycle. If Tejas MK2 production rate is poor then Airforce Squadron strength would go below 20 by end of this decade.
@@darveshzamindar if madarssachaaps are commenting negatively then I am sure we are on the correct path...I am sure it would provide a good reply to the xth generation, intergalactic starfighter with inshallah technology. ..
@@clintwestwood5187 Clint Deadwood , I am not a madrasa passout but you seem to be a highly educated person like a typical bakht and whether right path is being followed or not , only time will tell . BJP is another Congress in making and Modi is far worse than Nehru .
@@darveshzamindar trust me tejas mark II will come because it's the need of the hour.IAF doesn't have the money to buy foreign aircrafts and IAF needs to shore up its dwindling squadrons . I am as much an andhbhakt as you are a madarssa product ...(i saw the edit that you did, it saved you from being addressed as a gutter mouth). Anyways Modi is not going to decide the production lines, but circumstances will, because it's the need of the hour...GTRE is planning to buy 1000 jet engines from safran...
@@clintwestwood5187 sorry for editing the comment , again I am telling you I have nothing to do with any madarsa as I don't believe in God like you do and live like a dog 🐶 , you are an Andhbhakt and doing bakhti of a dog sorry God who fought Bangladesh liberation war and even went to jail but is simply a spineless coward unlike Nehru , atleast in 1962 he fought against the Chinese and lost but he is simply not ready to accept the Chinese occupation in Ladakh and his coward Generals are acting like diplomats and are bringing disrepute to the mighty Indian military which reminds me of General B M Kaul , General Niranjan Prasad , General Anant Singh Pathania and Brigadier Pathak (1962and1965 war). Importing engines for the jets and not being able to develop even a world class assault rifle for our armed forces despite being in power for almost a decade again points to the fact that India is a democracy for the capitalist , by the capitalist and of the capitalist , in short shopkeepers . The need of the hour is men like General Cariappa , General Thimaiyya , General Manekshaw and political leadership like Indira Gandhi . Tell your Bangladesh liberation war veteran to hand over power to Yogi Ji Maharaj in 2024 and search for someone like late Manohar Parriker to head the defence ministry and you will see real progress . Appointment of Smriti Irani as HRD minister and later Dr Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank and Dr Harshavardhan as health minister is not going to help , Incompetent people can't change our future and system .It is fine if you call me gutter mouth Mr Clint Deadwood aka Clint Eastwood aka L K Chood but facts will remain facts .
The history of warfare clearly demands constantly advancing technology. You can never rest upon your laurels. As soon as you design a winner, a successor develops something superior. It is a race up an infinite ladder. Tejas 2 is just an ESSENTIAL step to Tejas 3 and 4, and 5....
USA, CHINA, RUSSIA, already developed their fifth gen fighter, while Bharat still developing and even not testing first flight. Bharat must hurry up to develope and pay more attention, and even try to make six generations fighter before china.
By the time the Tejas MK2 fighters are inducted, they'd be out dated as the others would by then have 5th n 6th generation fighters. Tejas has just been a 4 decades project and it's just not a great story.
Bravo ! for India . When will India produce an indigenous jet engine ? I believe that the countries that can produce fighter jet engines , are fewer than those that can produce advanced fighters.
India should have never pulled out of T50 ,SU 57 program! It would have a domestic production of one of the best planes in the world and capable to produce many more!
Russia themselves didn't buy Su57 much as of now and it's engine isn't reliable and ready enough for the jet 5th gen capabilities. If it is that good then why Russia just ordered 76 and currently got just 22 in inventory ?
Tejas --> Mk2 ; the same Transformation of SAAB AJ 31 (Vigen)--->JAS 39 (Gripen) ; 30 years ago. The KEY/ Crucial maneuverbility improvement made possible by additional front CARNARD wings.
Until now, only American jets , that not except the Carnards design.. : Eurofighter-Typhoon, Chinese -J series, Russian -Sukhoi series ; all were in Carnard wings design including JAS-39 Gripen.
India can use different engine options in Tejas and use it in different roles.If eqiped with BVR missiles and latest electronic warfare kits it can match many of the fighters our neighbors have if suitable engine is used.And India can mass produce it .
Yes, as of now, Tejas Mark 1 & Mark 1A has been unblemished during extensive operations and trials. No accident or technical snag happened so far. So these are very capable and worthy light combat fighters of the IAF.
Unless India orders 300-400 MK2 it is useless On the flip side the scientists and engineers HAVE to perform at a world class level. Produce machines in a timely manner AND leading the world in induction of new technologies is a basic necessity
investing in an indigineous aircraft is going to give countless downstream benefits due to increase know how india will gain so many of the different technologies required. Even if the MK2 fails its a necessary investment to lay the foundation for future projects. Just like the Mk1 didn't turn out exactly as originally planned, but now India can use the lessons learned that project to attempt the MK2.
Define a software in a scenario : When 4 targets are engaged and missiles exhausted the remaining target acquisition could be distributed to other wingmans.
Actually -5th gen. TEDBF and its AF variant ORCA will be game changers for IAF really.. AMCA needs 40 years of solid developments to get to 5.5 gen. maturity even with help from Japan!!
ORCA would be a better power multiplier than Tejas Mk2 as it will have more power which will support better radar (more powerful) and EW suites. After Tejas Mk2, IAF should induct ORCA's with Indigenous engines.
The western manufacturer of fighters also used their influence to delay, derail & scuttle the effirts of Bharat to manufacture their own engine & fughter aircraft. Dont blame the drdo alone.
Kudos. But the major drawback is its engine. It's from GE , a US company. USA is highly untrustable. They can stop support or supply at the time of emergencies
Major powers are on the developmental stage of 6th gen fighter and here we r still stuck with 4th gen! Not saying tejas is a shitty aircraft! Its a very capable aircraft of its gen but we r being outclassed, we already have the threat of working 5th gen fighter at our doorstep
Utham radar has range of 400 kms. Tejas Mark 1, 1A, and 2 has different roles in the war. They are designed based on the India’s enemies and it’s war terrain. No one except Indian airforce knows about their real capabilities. Channels like you sometimes give half cooked information in a hurry
Uttam range is dependant on antenna array size and no. of T/R modules my friend. On SU30MKI Uttam AESA will get 400 to 500 kms ranges. On MK1A it will be 140 Kms only and on MK2 around 180 Kms max. that's it....
Currently four different varients of Uttam radar is under development. First model is the base model for Tejas MK1A. Flight test of this model is going on a prototype model of Tejas. This varient of Uttam radar has 780 T/R modules with search range over 150 km and able to track over 50 targets in air, ground and sea. Currently it is able to engage with 4 targets which will improve to 16 in final production model. Tejas MK1A will get this radar from 21st production unit. Later all 32 units of single seater Tejas MK1 would upgrade with this radar. 80+ units of this Uttam radar varient would be produce for IAF. Second varient of Uttam radar is going through fabrication. Base design would be same like first model. But would have some difference from base model. This model would have 992 units of T/R modules. This module would have much more extra capabilities due to 25-30% extra T/R modules. It would have much greater performance than base model. Its radar antenna would be different from base model and would be more advanced than base model. This second varient would be integrated with Tejas MK2. Tejas MK2 would have this radar from it's first production unit in 2028-2029. This radar would start it's flight test with Tejas MK2 flight test. Studies for Third model of Uttam radar is being done by IAF-HAL-DRDO. This radar would be much bigger and powerful than base model. This radar would have more than 1500+ T/R modules. Which have more than 250+ km range. This radar is part of Super Sukhoi project. As we know IAF is decided to go with indigenous solutions for Super Sukoi project. More than 150+ Su-30 Mki would be upgrade in super Sukoi standard. It is expected from 2028 onward this project would start. All Su-30 which is being produced after 2010-2012 would be upgrade with this project. Fouth model of Uttam radar is under development for AMCA project. This model is not based on base Uttam radar but hugely improved varient of Uttam. Above all three varient of Uttam radar would have Gallium Arsenide (GaA) based T/R module but the AMCA Uttam radar would have advance Gallium Nitride(GaN) based T/R module. This new T/R module would have 50% better performance than previous three modules.
Okay military exfart!! 😅 5th gen aircraft has been in the market for morethan 10 years yet no one is building them like 4.5th generation aircrafts. Operating cost is important. USA has F22 and f35 yet they use F15 eagle!!
2028 and what new technology will be there according to you? The Gripen F Rafale F4 variants will also come out in 2026-2028. Tejas mk2 will even have laser weapons.
Possibly the most advanced in the world? It's a gen 4.5. In 2024 when these are supposed to be in prototype phase the US will already have 6th gen prototypes in the air, actually just more refined prototypes really as they're already being tested. The Tejas MK2's peers will all be 4.5 gen non stealth. It's a good start to the industry in India but it has a ways to go.
View from the topic will be what about sales? who will use this plane, whether it will only be used for domestic purposes, the competition out there is getting tougher, of course, buyers will choose a more powerful aircraft no question about that.
HAL has no idea why they make Schedules as an important mile stone in Project Management. They are in no big hurry to encounter the enemy Chinese intrusion’s, as such the Himalayan border offers more than just a border but a very indomitable barrier to cross.
Can't company Tejas mk2 with AMCA as 5tge gen technologies require assertive care and has high cost of single sortie compared to Tejas 2. Tejas mk1 and 1A, was produced to warmup the technical team and understand the need infrastructure. Now, the team already has good experience and can go ahead with mk2 and AMCA.
Indian weapons are better than china i like Indian weapons they are working hard to improve it and US is also helping India. It's good to create pressure in china and helping India as a US ally ..
However it fails in comparison to JF17 which has integrated with alien technology and can even go to Low Earth Orbit. From there it can launch flying donkeys at light speed at enemy air bases.
The plane has never been designed in the History of human endeavour which had no flaws at the start. Successful plane are those that the operators perceive as having distinctive advantgages over alternatives .And successful plaes are always improved over time.The motto should be: reinforce success and improve upon it.Looking for perfection is counter productive.
Beautifully said!
Earlier people were picking holes just to buy from abroad and take commissions.
I find it funny how govt. just pushed the Mk1A deal ahead as if to say, "nag later, use it first!"
Some might argue the technology is subpar, but hey its a cheap, reliable, developing platform mastering new technologies alongside its development. Encouragement is necessary now more than ever alright! These are better than those of ageing flying coffins anyway.
According to indian😂😂😂
@@TheFreyand
What does CCP say?
India has some of the most intelligent people on the planet, with leaders in the high tech industry running some very capable software companies in the west. If only they could get there act together internally they would be unmatched...With 5th Gen fighters already here and just across the border in China and 6th gen on the way, India needs to be far more bold...
Let’s be more specific instead of BOLD say super aggressive. Bharat will break away Pakistan and China both at once. Bharat is a dangerous country with very dangerous line of weaponry. Next War will bring the best of all in warfare technology.
May be the most intelligent people but with also the most import crazy lobbyist and their tentacles in the IAF and MoD
@@rtc675 I don't want to disrespect anyone but as an Indian, I know so far, the Indian army especially the Indian airforce selects the best mind of India a very cream young generation of India appointed as an officer in IAF, and every other Indian have this dream from there childhood to be in IAF. So far you have seen our engineers and doctors but do not have any idea about the Indian Army Officers. We are the most disciplined army in the world.
@@wanderlust_pahari That is all probably true when it comes to Junior Commissioned Officers - full of National pride and the uniform they wear. But, as they rise in the ranks, the opportunities to be seduced by the dark side/the import lobby is too great. Services, sadly, too reflect what happens in the rest of society at large where corruption is a way of life. No one is immune.
Unless, this nationalist government lays down the diktat of only India MIC material for the forces, the same nonsense will continue when it comes to home grown defense products vs fancy ass foreign brochures that seem to adorn the halls of the MoD and IAF and IA too.
Indian can’t fight China. I’m an Indian. It easy to boast but no way india can win a war against China. Everyone knows that.
Need to increase manufacturing capabilities, need to assemble atleast 20-30 jets per year. The Jaguar mig21, mig23, mig29, mirage needs to retire too in recent future. Enemy wont give 20 years time to get ready for war!!!
Production capacity increase only in two scenario.... 1. You pay more, and 2. You place order for bigger number. Which one you are planning to do?
Pool our resources to give adequate funding and industry to achieve our target should by 2025 iaf will have amca prototype and Tejas mk2
@@KaustabhSinghaRoy I am arguing for at least 200 more orders of Tejas Mark2. This
can only be paid for by cancelling the MRFA. 20 billion will buy all the Tejas we will ever need.
Enemy like Cheap Chinese Dragon 🐉 surprises with an midnight attack...creeps in after sun sets and clobbers indian soldiers in the darkness of the night and lives them in the frozen pong gong so lake.
By the way for all those wheelchair keyboard ⌨️ warriors... HAL, DRDO, ADA, LRDE and IAF has got nothing todo with the Dragons 🐉 intrusion in Galwan. Even if they had 10squadrons of Tejas fighter jets, they where under ‘no first use policy’.
Sorry 😐 we lost 25 of our on foot ‘brave soldiers’ ...👨🏻✈️
தேஜஸ் எம் கே 2 - "பாரதத்தின் பெருமை" 🥰
"சுயசார்பு பாரதம்.....ஒரே உலக சக்தி"...💪💪💪
ௐ நமச்சிவாய 🙏🙏🙏
Jai hind🇮🇳🙏🏻👍
மோடிஜி & பிஜேபி இந்த எட்டு ஆண்டுகளில் இந்தியாவின் பாதுகாப்புக்காக செய்த சாதனைகள் பல்லாயிரம் ஆனால் இடது மீடியாக்களும் வந்தேறி டம்ளக் போன்ற கட்சி தமிழ் மக்களிடம் போய் சேராமல் பார்த்திக்கொண்டார்கள்
aatamnirbhar bharat आत्मनिर्भर भारत
ഭാരതം നീണാൾ വാഴട്ടെ - നിനക്ക് വേണമെങ്കിൽ ഗൂഗിൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് വായിക്കാം.
WHAT IS THIS ONE WORLD CRAP !??😑😒
Wow, the Tejas mk2 will be the perfect High-Low mix of the AMCA. It can also replace the Jaguar, Mig 29s and Mirage 2000...(even a squad or 2 of the SU 30-MKI or atleast reducing the workload of the MKI's)... Hope we use the GE F414- Ge400 variant, to have 116kn thrust than the ordinary F414 which have just 98kn.....
And also, we need to have better manufacturing capabilities, to replace the old sqauds in time, or else the Fleet strength of the IAF will fall to an all time low...
Kaveri or Snecma collaboration wil produce a higher thrust engine. GE will offer a higher thrust variant only
when it is obvious Bharat already has one on the shelf, in which case why do we need it?
@@datoolz0 You are right as far as the engine is concerned
However to minimize flaws, the plane should be designed around the engine and NOT vice versa. However, as they say in Hindi "Majhboori thee"
@@baijueapen2881 We have no confirmed tested and operational engine yet and won't have for years because flight testing has been delayed.
Beggars can't be choosers. Majhboori indeed. Kaveri will only come in two years and when it does, it might make the entire SNECMA collaboration redundant.
Kaveri is based on 90s technology but we now have 2000-2010 tech in engines. A new engine can do better than what Kaveri could do in the 1990s.
GE F414 already confirmed...no changes
@@firedragon8911 If the Kaveri engine passes all its flight tests there will be changes regardless of the current schedule.
Like ISRO,DRDO will prove produce a world class plane in a short time ! The Indian brains and their commitments will prove and surprise! Modiji is a great motivator for their performances!
HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd)
मोदी 🦁❤️🦁
Modi ne Kya Kiya isme Jo bichare scientist din raat ek karke kaam Kar rahe unki mehnat ko selute karo
@@fromsuperearth..3323 hd hai ullu...government support ,budget ,trust nam ki chij hoti hai ,
pahle setelite belgadi pe or pm ke birthday flight me mante the .
ab pm launch me unke sath bethta hai or vifal hone par bhi unhe support karta hai yhi antar hai
@@fromsuperearth..3323 Pehle Tejas ke halat kharab kar diya tha! Ab Tejas ud rahe hai our foreign bikri be chal rahe hai! Yehi to farak!
Wrong perception of the flaws detected in the prototype stage.
Inducted aircrafts have no such flaws.
Only problems the IAF faced are the underpowered GE 404 engine, the 8G limit caused by the airframe itself, the defensive suite compatibility and the low combat radius.
The Mark 2 will overcome all of these.
No nation on earth has built the perfect fighter plane in the first batch out of the factory.
HAL has done far better than any other. Not a single crash or mid air malfunction since prototype stage till date.
I'll second that. HAL and the design team have done well to avoid teething problems associated with aircraft development, including crashes. So let's blanket criticise our folks.
When you know you have competition, then even being perfect is short lived. The goals and targets keep moving.
We are still self flagging our only small bird 🐦 that has not seen any dogfights and hence clean slate.
When the Chinese have been coming out with atleast 1 new model every year and better than the previous one. They have been not only producing them in no’s but also exporting or giving them as aid to our headache 🤕 neighbors
@@SanjayGupta-nt9vn Mao Tse Tung famously said that "quantity has it's own quality".
China follows this till date. They cobble up various fighter jets in great quantity but even their most advanced ones have huge weaknesses.
Numbers seldom win a war.
@bastab bakwas then let’s put it to test. Just as CDS was trying to get everyone’s attention on China 🇨🇳 and possible two front war with Pakistan 🇵🇰 under CPEC posing a minor threat. Why don’t we use Taiwan 🇹🇼 and Quad in engaging the dragon 🐉 🇨🇳
Now how many years Tejas is on development ? .... Could that be more than 25 years ? .... and sadly still in the design room !
I like Indian technology... more trusted and reliable thn Chinese technology 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
Yes
@Cool Sparkz pyare beta tum thakte nahi abu ki chatte huye
Ye batao apke pass konsi technology hai ab yeh mat bolna ki jf 17 tumhara hai😂
@Cool Sparkz are you sure that only China landed on Mars in first try? India is first country which landed on Mars in first try. And lowest cost. Go to primary school and grow your knowledge first.
@Cool Sparkz 🤣🤣
@@sanataniindian3564 What was India landed on Mars? With what India Rocket?
If it is a Rafale Rivaling jet, then it's a good one indeed.
In 2004 I got into an argument with someone for suggesting that the Tejas should have been designed with a close coupled canard and probably follow the Swiss air force ALR Piranha which never went beyond the design and experimental stage for lack of funds, here we are now with the similar Tejas Mark 2. It has almost the same dimension and probably the same architecture.
All those maneuverable Russian planes never cross the front line in Ukraine. No wonder America never manufactures such planes. Low drag is always better than high maneuverability.
Private companies should be involved in production of parts and deliver 40+ atleast a year
39 tejas in 40 years, now you are expecting 40 in one year? So you think India is US, Russia or China?
@@jamesedward9572 the initial delay was bcz of lack of funds,technology,infra,etc and now HAL produces tejas mk1's slowly to keep the production line running till the manufacturing of mk1as mk2s,etc start.They do not want to leave the production lines dormant so why dont you take your shit and shove it somewhere else
@@jamesedward9572 Buddy if u know Govt has changed in India in 2014. This Govt don't believe in steal and let steal others rather this Govt work overtime and make their employees do the same either by motivation or by stick. Me too a Govt employee. Earlier we used to work 7 hours a day for 5days a week and 2 days weekly off .. Now we work from 7 to 7 .. nearly 12 hour 5days a week sometimes even 6 days a week. Now you can understand why we are expecting a better production line in upcoming years. And Probably you are smart enough to understand why all of a sudden how India is testing so many indigenous weapons and trying to be self dependent in every sector. Population is gifted already and Bharat has started to use them in an efficient way probably for the first time after independence. May God help you search a new world market coz India not gonna be in the buyers list in near future. Cheers 🍺🍺
@@jamesedward9572 maybe you see the 90s India in the west media still. To increase production we just need infrastructure and manpower now since we already have engineering problems solved. And India is building infrastructure non-stop in last decade ,one of highest rate in the world and there is no lack of manpower with billion people
It was not the poor work culture, rather it was the worst political culture in our previous government lead by congress-communist-islamist, but fortunately we have now tremendously efficient government and so,it will remain very longer duration to serve our beloved country 🇮🇳👏👏👏🙏🌺🌹❤
Yes
Agree 💯 %
Remember history . Go through it if forgotten . Every weapon showcased today was contribution from previous governments . Initiation , development , testing and production . LCA got first two initial operational clearances from Air force before Modi came . Limited series production came . Every space achievement was from previous governments only . Don’t yell on crazily Modi-Modi .
@Park at what did not happen in past 30 years is taking shape since 3 years, design and development work takes time, we have the know how now and Dragon 🐉 is the ‘Enemy at the gate’ who has the will and the might too. Trust me, We shall overcome with a little more appreciation from our citizens.
@@SanjayGupta-nt9vn : All the missile and weapon programmes were started by Indira Gandhi . Dr Abdul Kalam was given the responsibility . By 2000 all systems were realised ,tested ,produced and deployed . SLV ,ASLV ,PSLV ,GSLV were all contributions of earlier governments. Not just three years developments. Know the history . Don't insult scientists like Dr Abdul Kalam or Dr HN Sethna , Chidambaram or Vikram Sarabhai etc .
Marvelous for ground attack and low altitude swr up
I don't think this needs a big answer. India is on roll 👍💪
After tejas mk-2 program HAL and DRDO have to start for the development of twin engine 5.5 G tejas mk-3 heavy aircraft which will replace the su-30mki fleet within 2040-45
Please read about amca (advanced medium combat aircraft)it will be 5.5 gen jet
@@bhaveshthorecha4691
But it is medium category fighter jet.The tejas mk-3 should be same as AMCA but heavier and more payload capacity.It may have indigenous Engine.
It's great to imagine the day tejas mk2 would fly high over the lac. It's a very capable and potent fighter and matches rafale and f16 .In some qualities it would match f22 raptor. I praise the Govt to allot funds for its development and manufacturing.
Request toडीआरडीओ,ada , hal and its subsidiaries is to work day and night tirelessly so that it comes before schedule. जय हिन्द 🇮🇳 🇮🇳
You are a funny man... Comparing mk2 features (still on paper) to even the F22. Lol
What did you smoke???
@Sacrafago90 what have u been smoking .. India always down plays the technology .. go read about radar absorption material composites that is in Tejas ..
Not F22 but F16 and Rafale yes
Good show, India! Develop the industry at home and get out there in the export market.
Tejas is the technical poop collected from Russia..Saw what happened to Dhruv helicopters just now..
Jai hind..
Thank you for a riveting episode. Our country needs fighter aircraft with quick maintenance turnaround to ensure availability of a greater number operational aircraft when needed. Indigenous assets are best suited for this. The percentage of local components used for manufacture and improvement in service support will develop with time .
Great news about technology. But the slow process of production and induction in the IAF is regrettable. With such a slow rate in output, countries that aspire for the purchase of the Indian weapon system , are surely looking for alternative sources that could meet their needs. We hear a lot about the state of the art technology to be incorporated into Tejas. But when will it join the IAF , is a timeless anxiety.
Yes true India is rather 🐌 slow in
Production time is killing. Too much of delays.
Love that you showed simple planes in the vid for reference.
Privatize and incentivize it .. Lot of smart hungry young people in India .. It will happen !
GOVT has to Invest in production lines to improve the Productivity! IAF operates 50 - Mirage 2000 , 120 - Jaguar, 90 - MIG 29 totally 260 Aircrafts are at its end of life cycle. If Tejas MK2 production rate is poor then Airforce Squadron strength would go below 20 by end of this decade.
Mig21 as well....
India should be able to make it's own fighter jet engine by the help of both French saffron for Tejas mk2 and by the UK's Rolls Royce for AMCA. 🙏🌺🌹❤
It is very difficult in a country run by shopkeepers and nobody shares critical technology like aircraft jet engine .
@@darveshzamindar if madarssachaaps are commenting negatively then I am sure we are on the correct path...I am sure it would provide a good reply to the xth generation, intergalactic starfighter with inshallah technology. ..
@@clintwestwood5187 Clint Deadwood , I am not a madrasa passout but you seem to be a highly educated person like a typical bakht and whether right path is being followed or not , only time will tell . BJP is another Congress in making and Modi is far worse than Nehru .
@@darveshzamindar trust me tejas mark II will come because it's the need of the hour.IAF doesn't have the money to buy foreign aircrafts and IAF needs to shore up its dwindling squadrons . I am as much an andhbhakt as you are a madarssa product ...(i saw the edit that you did, it saved you from being addressed as a gutter mouth). Anyways Modi is not going to decide the production lines, but circumstances will, because it's the need of the hour...GTRE is planning to buy 1000 jet engines from safran...
@@clintwestwood5187 sorry for editing the comment , again I am telling you I have nothing to do with any madarsa as I don't believe in God like you do and live like a dog 🐶 , you are an Andhbhakt and doing bakhti of a dog sorry God who fought Bangladesh liberation war and even went to jail but is simply a spineless coward unlike Nehru , atleast in 1962 he fought against the Chinese and lost but he is simply not ready to accept the Chinese occupation in Ladakh and his coward Generals are acting like diplomats and are bringing disrepute to the mighty Indian military which reminds me of General B M Kaul , General Niranjan Prasad , General Anant Singh Pathania and Brigadier Pathak (1962and1965 war). Importing engines for the jets and not being able to develop even a world class assault rifle for our armed forces despite being in power for almost a decade again points to the fact that India is a democracy for the capitalist , by the capitalist and of the capitalist , in short shopkeepers . The need of the hour is men like General Cariappa , General Thimaiyya , General Manekshaw and political leadership like Indira Gandhi . Tell your Bangladesh liberation war veteran to hand over power to Yogi Ji Maharaj in 2024 and search for someone like late Manohar Parriker to head the defence ministry and you will see real progress . Appointment of Smriti Irani as HRD minister and later Dr Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank and Dr Harshavardhan as health minister is not going to help , Incompetent people can't change our future and system .It is fine if you call me gutter mouth Mr Clint Deadwood aka Clint Eastwood aka L K Chood but facts will remain facts .
The history of warfare clearly demands constantly advancing technology. You can never rest upon your laurels. As soon as you design a winner, a successor develops something superior. It is a race up an infinite ladder. Tejas 2 is just an ESSENTIAL step to Tejas 3 and 4, and 5....
Proud of HAL for Tejas
Waiting for AMCA
USA, CHINA, RUSSIA, already developed their fifth gen fighter, while Bharat still developing and even not testing first flight. Bharat must hurry up to develope and pay more attention, and even try to make six generations fighter before china.
By the time the Tejas MK2 fighters are inducted, they'd be out dated as the others would by then have 5th n 6th generation fighters. Tejas has just been a 4 decades project and it's just not a great story.
Bravo ! for India .
When will India produce an indigenous jet engine ? I believe that the countries that can produce fighter jet engines , are fewer than those that can produce advanced fighters.
India should have never pulled out of T50 ,SU 57 program! It would have a domestic production of one of the best planes in the world and capable to produce many more!
Russia themselves didn't buy Su57 much as of now and it's engine isn't reliable and ready enough for the jet 5th gen capabilities.
If it is that good then why Russia just ordered 76 and currently got just 22 in inventory ?
Tejas --> Mk2 ; the same Transformation of
SAAB AJ 31 (Vigen)--->JAS 39 (Gripen) ; 30 years ago.
The KEY/ Crucial maneuverbility improvement made possible
by additional front CARNARD wings.
Until now, only American jets , that not except the Carnards design.. : Eurofighter-Typhoon, Chinese -J series, Russian -Sukhoi series ; all were in Carnard wings design including JAS-39 Gripen.
Tejas mark2 will be a game changer...but development is quite slow government need to invest more on fighter jet,
India can use different engine options in Tejas and use it in different roles.If eqiped with BVR missiles and latest electronic warfare kits it can match many of the fighters our neighbors have if suitable engine is used.And India can mass produce it .
Just samosha
india once again shows his low level of aviation skills in Tejas manufacturing .Dubai air show is example of that
Any update on the indigenous Kaveri engine?
No flaws in Tejas mk1a
Yes, as of now, Tejas Mark 1 & Mark 1A has been unblemished during extensive operations and trials. No accident or technical snag happened so far. So these are very capable and worthy light combat fighters of the IAF.
Best fighter around
"more lethal version of the Rafale".. yeah .. right
We got a military expert here lol. Do you think its really that hard?
Come to this stage so many pilot sacrificed there life salute to our soilders
Unless India orders 300-400 MK2 it is useless
On the flip side the scientists and engineers HAVE to perform at a world class level. Produce machines in a timely manner AND leading the world in induction of new technologies is a basic necessity
the Rafale !!! i love it so much ! this is a game changer !
Hoping for mkII will give us advantages with stealth futures where it can replace jaguar & mirage and MIG series.
investing in an indigineous aircraft is going to give countless downstream benefits due to increase know how india will gain so many of the different technologies required. Even if the MK2 fails its a necessary investment to lay the foundation for future projects. Just like the Mk1 didn't turn out exactly as originally planned, but now India can use the lessons learned that project to attempt the MK2.
BIGGEST drawback of MK2 is underpowered engines. MK1A also underpowered and requires 110KN max. wetthrusts engines. MK2 needs absolutely 125 KN max. wet thrusts indigenous engines soon!!
The indian mark 2 is so stealthy that till now cannot be detected by enemy radar 😂
Define a software in a scenario : When 4 targets are engaged and missiles exhausted the remaining target acquisition could be distributed to other wingmans.
Our scientists can do wonders. Congrats to all involved.
Air inflow for tejas mk 2 should increased
I think designer are far more smarter than you
It is big enough.
So as to fart better? 😃️
Great video!
Actually -5th gen. TEDBF and its AF variant ORCA will be game changers for IAF really.. AMCA needs 40 years of solid developments to get to 5.5 gen. maturity even with help from Japan!!
Wow, nice research 👌 👏
ORCA would be a better power multiplier than Tejas Mk2 as it will have more power which will support better radar (more powerful) and EW suites. After Tejas Mk2, IAF should induct ORCA's with Indigenous engines.
Orca is canceled right ?
How many manufacturers Tejas fighter plan ??
Gripen e should be the roal model for Indian Tejas mk2
Indian Airforce Wants Tejas Mark 2 Jets
The western manufacturer of fighters also used their influence to delay, derail & scuttle the effirts of Bharat to manufacture their own engine & fughter aircraft. Dont blame the drdo alone.
Kudos. But the major drawback is its engine. It's from GE , a US company. USA is highly untrustable. They can stop support or supply at the time of emergencies
Major powers are on the developmental stage of 6th gen fighter and here we r still stuck with 4th gen! Not saying tejas is a shitty aircraft! Its a very capable aircraft of its gen but we r being outclassed, we already have the threat of working 5th gen fighter at our doorstep
Thats what I was thinking as well. Its probably a very capable 4th gen aircraft but the world is already moving towards 6th gen.
But our enemies doesn't have 5th Gen aircraft. Don't say China has j20 bla bla that's just a paper tiger su30mki radars can detect j20
AMCA is in pipeline
Own technology always a better option even if delayed by few months as it can further enhance research capabilities.
Thejas looks exactly like Mirage 2000
Nope it doesn't.
Copy
The government should outsource the manufacturing to the Tata Group. It would greatly help speed up the delivery and acquisition process.
Utham radar has range of 400 kms. Tejas Mark 1, 1A, and 2 has different roles in the war. They are designed based on the India’s enemies and it’s war terrain. No one except Indian airforce knows about their real capabilities. Channels like you sometimes give half cooked information in a hurry
Uttam range is dependant on antenna array size and no. of T/R modules my friend. On SU30MKI Uttam AESA will get 400 to 500 kms ranges. On MK1A it will be 140 Kms only and on MK2 around 180 Kms max. that's it....
Currently four different varients of Uttam radar is under development.
First model is the base model for Tejas MK1A. Flight test of this model is going on a prototype model of Tejas. This varient of Uttam radar has 780 T/R modules with search range over 150 km and able to track over 50 targets in air, ground and sea. Currently it is able to engage with 4 targets which will improve to 16 in final production model. Tejas MK1A will get this radar from 21st production unit. Later all 32 units of single seater Tejas MK1 would upgrade with this radar. 80+ units of this Uttam radar varient would be produce for IAF.
Second varient of Uttam radar is going through fabrication. Base design would be same like first model. But would have some difference from base model. This model would have 992 units of T/R modules. This module would have much more extra capabilities due to 25-30% extra T/R modules. It would have much greater performance than base model. Its radar antenna would be different from base model and would be more advanced than base model.
This second varient would be integrated with Tejas MK2. Tejas MK2 would have this radar from it's first production unit in 2028-2029. This radar would start it's flight test with Tejas MK2 flight test.
Studies for Third model of Uttam radar is being done by IAF-HAL-DRDO. This radar would be much bigger and powerful than base model. This radar would have more than 1500+ T/R modules. Which have more than 250+ km range. This radar is part of Super Sukhoi project. As we know IAF is decided to go with indigenous solutions for Super Sukoi project. More than 150+ Su-30 Mki would be upgrade in super Sukoi standard. It is expected from 2028 onward this project would start. All Su-30 which is being produced after 2010-2012 would be upgrade with this project.
Fouth model of Uttam radar is under development for AMCA project. This model is not based on base Uttam radar but hugely improved varient of Uttam. Above all three varient of Uttam radar would have Gallium Arsenide (GaA) based T/R module but the AMCA Uttam radar would have advance Gallium Nitride(GaN) based T/R module. This new T/R module would have 50% better performance than previous three modules.
Mig-21 replacement is Tejas MK1, jaguar and Mirage 2000 is Tejas MK1A, 40% superior and 30% cheaper than Rafale is Tejas MK2
1/Can it be Stealth.
2/Smoke factor for Heat seeking missiles?
3/Invisible..invincible.
Tejas Mark 2 5th generation indigenous aircraft 🔥🇮🇳
Just loved♥️ the information and hardwork put by u!! Keep growing
The weapons of ancient Vedic times would be beyond the minds of modern MIC technology not allowed for modern humans for obvious reasons.
India will buy this jet at $70 millions, wow !
All will be inducted in 2030, at that time new technology and aircarft will be in market , we should reduce production time for Tejas
Okay military exfart!! 😅
5th gen aircraft has been in the market for morethan 10 years yet no one is building them like 4.5th generation aircrafts. Operating cost is important. USA has F22 and f35 yet they use F15 eagle!!
2028 and what new technology will be there according to you? The Gripen F Rafale F4 variants will also come out in 2026-2028.
Tejas mk2 will even have laser weapons.
@@direwolf7491 does he look like a person who has any experience in military and fighter jets?
@@eagleeye2725 😅👍
@@direwolf7491 in my opinion 🇮🇳 should make MK3 a twin engine fighter Rafale. 2 80kn Kaveri engine. It would be a game changer
How does it compare against F 16 Viper or SAAB Gripen ?
It took 🇮🇳India 33 years to built fighter jet,with 140 bilion population and 17%of world population 😍🤩🤩😲wow
Heard of sanctions ?
ever heard of Marut?
How many Tejas fighter plan work in IAF????
Possibly the most advanced in the world? It's a gen 4.5. In 2024 when these are supposed to be in prototype phase the US will already have 6th gen prototypes in the air, actually just more refined prototypes really as they're already being tested. The Tejas MK2's peers will all be 4.5 gen non stealth. It's a good start to the industry in India but it has a ways to go.
Not most advanced in the world but best one of the best in 4.5 gen category.
Jai hind Jai Indian army ❤️❤️🇮🇳🇮🇳❤️❤️
Proud of my India 🇮🇳 🙏🏻
View from the topic will be what about sales? who will use this plane, whether it will only be used for domestic purposes, the competition out there is getting tougher, of course, buyers will choose a more powerful aircraft no question about that.
The problem is from the government timely funding.Drdo & hal are very efficient.
Definetly Tejas mk-2 will be state of art 4.5 Genfighter jet. However the Title "Pride of India" may be reserved for 5th gen AMCA & 6th gen AMCA mk-2.
You forget about 7 generation marut
Jai Hind.
What do you think Tejas mk 2 is better than Raphael
Atleast stop streaming the negative comments as Tejas MK1 has overcome all the hurdles......
That missile change of direction..manuering ...impressive
HAL has no idea why they make Schedules as an important mile stone in Project Management.
They are in no big hurry to encounter the enemy Chinese intrusion’s, as such the Himalayan border offers more than just a border but a very indomitable barrier to cross.
He says " poor work culture " of the DRDO.
This explains why delays are always in decades... not months or years.
Public industry who cares what happens. Whether China or Pakistan attacks it is not their concern. Concern is increase in salary and incentives.
We need it real fast, su-30 and Rafael is the only fighter jets we have now..
Change the name of Tejas Mk2 to something else like some ancient weapon names
You want say nickname.
Like F-22 ,called as Raptor.
Best of luck to All pilots flying this. Wish them a long life.
Why tejas mk2 is a big deal? Coz India still don't have a fifth gen fighter and thats why
Can't company Tejas mk2 with AMCA as 5tge gen technologies require assertive care and has high cost of single sortie compared to Tejas 2.
Tejas mk1 and 1A, was produced to warmup the technical team and understand the need infrastructure. Now, the team already has good experience and can go ahead with mk2 and AMCA.
@@aashudhankhar1074 LOL, China has more than one 5th Gen fighter
Ola hu uber ... bum bum 💣💣
@@JCNEOHK which war they used a 5th gen ? they can claim they have 6th/7th . do u know difference between 4.5 gen and 5th gen.?
@@blueeyes183 Nono, do u know? You sound like you have no sense at all...heehe
How many year will it take to complete tajas mk2.
Even the Indians themselves don't want the Tejas. 🤣
Yes we want 10 generation junk fighter space craft k!ller 17.......😂😂😂😂
Any News About Tejas Amca Fifth Generation Fighter Jets
Amca and Tejas Mark2 should be India's pride ...
Tejas mk2 will be the modern frontline fighter jet of IAF with 250 in numbers,🛫🔥🔥🔥
Private companies design have provided Tejas mk2 aircraft
Love the one that the aliens blend into the wing!
This is india based channel,but audio is AI ENABLED TO EXIBIT FOREIGN FEELING , HILARIOUS 😂
a good plane, if it works.lots of what-ifs.
Indian weapons are better than china i like Indian weapons they are working hard to improve it and US is also helping India. It's good to create pressure in china and helping India as a US ally ..
Excellent
They need to tool up to ramp up the production rate.
Hope India will develop naval variant,, which can be used both by airforce and navy!👍
Indian : tejas are most advance fighter jet in universe until year 3020 no one can beat tejas. 1 tejas equal to 30 F-22
However it fails in comparison to JF17 which has integrated with alien technology and can even go to Low Earth Orbit. From there it can launch flying donkeys at light speed at enemy air bases.
Said by no one
Still have not seen the "Big" in big deal yet.