55gr Taiwanese made Wolf Gold .223, which is actually M193 but is marked .223 due to Taiwan's laws. It works great for the citrus hordes of any stripe!
Having used the 55 grain ammo in Vietnam I can categorically say that the only time a target didn’t fall dead was when I missed. Not to say that someone else had a different experience, but that round did what it was supposed to in an M-16A1 in the Mekong Delta during monsoon season and with it covered in mud. Did have to keep it clean but mine worked every time I needed it to work
DeffKanGrotling44 How bout that deadpan look when he fired that A1 in to the ground. I wished I had some corn popped right about then. I knew it was gonna be another good one.
IKR ... It's like his signature gesture It's like he is saying : "Waddaya think is gonna happen ... ?" I love the way he seems to cover all the bases, and treats them all as legitimate inquiries, even though some seem obvious to me. But then, after his little experiments, I've been surprised a few times, proving I don't know as much as I thought I did.
Store clerk: Having a cook out this weekend? Paul: Actually Im constructing a simulated human to see which projectile best obliterates a persons internal organs under varied circumstances. Might enjoy a steak afterward though. Store clerk: uh.......ok........cash or card?
Well (puling a visa card out of his right jacket pocket and holding it so the clerk can see it) I can get mileage and other rewards with my visa card, or (pulling cash out of his left jacket pocket and holding it so the clerk can see it) I can use cash and not have to worry about future payments on a consumable food item.
I am an engineer with one of my undergraduate degrees in physics. I have also been reloading and shooting for almost 50 years. This guy is pretty good at consistent testing procedures and uses the scientific method the way it was meant to be used. He is getting answers, not doing bogus testing to support the answer he thought up.
I am an engineer with one of my PHDs in physics, and I’ve been reloading for almost 120 years, so I’m more qualified to speak to this video and Paul’s testing procedures than you are. Despite my qualifications, I will refrain from commenting.
@@caesarleon1 I’ve been reloading since 1909, and I can tell you without a doubt that out of all my 16 degrees, my astrophysics and neurobiology PhD’s came most in handy when assessing Paul’s testing procedures.
knowl·edge /ˈnäləj/ Learn to pronounce noun 1. facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. "a thirst for knowledge" Similar: understanding comprehension grasp grip command mastery apprehension expertise skill proficiency expertness accomplishment adeptness capacity capability savoir faire know-how learning erudition education scholarship letters schooling science wisdom enlightenment philosophy familiarity with acquaintance with conversance with intimacy with information facts data intelligence news reports lore info lowdown gen Opposite: ignorance illiteracy 2. awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. "the program had been developed without his knowledge"
In my opinion algebra is harder. Calculus is more abstract and takes some open mindedness, but algebra is more calculation intense. Linear algebra gives me nightmares
I have NEVER heard of his channel being "underrated" once. Even other UA-cam gun guys give Paul massive praise. I get your drift, I think you just chose the wrong word. Under appreciated would be more apt. This guy should have a sub from every gun owner who uses UA-cam.
@@valuedhumanoid6574 omfg fuck off...the guy was giving paul praise and credit. Just because someone just discovered his channel?...seriously. Some of us don't sit on ass and watch shit loads of youtube all day...
Shasta should capitalize on this and change the way its containers are called. Introducing the '9mm' 12 oz. cans, , the '.44 mag' 1 L bottles, the 'single stack' 4-pks, the 'hi-cap' 6-pk, etc. Never mind: I just remembered about political correctness...
He’s talked about the jacket. Had it a very long time and he says you can’t get anything like it anymore. He must be very fond of it. Also it’s like Jay Leno’s Garage. He wears the denim shirt and jeans to keep people from thinking, “what’s Jay wearing today?”...keeping people’s minds on topic, The Cars.
If you saw the outtake reel for his sponsorship of Shasta, you'd understand why I don't know what his beef. with pork ribs oranges and fleece is though
I've only recently started watching Paul's videos but I'm already thinking they're among the most useful and interesting everyday world videos that I've seen from anybody. I also enjoy his calm voice, easygoing manner and most of all, the absence of any tacticool pretense.
This guys local grocery store must love him. He's back to buy another 6 turkeys and 20 packages of ribs again. Yeah we saved 3 creates of oranges for ya and 6 fresh watermelons lol cya in 3 days!
@@tangoindiamike9189 3 statisticians walk into a bar. The 1st asks the bartender "if I ordered half a pint and my friend ordered a third.." Bartender interrupted saying "I'm going to need you guys to get the fuck outta here"
The 55 gr FMJ was not designed to tumble. Here’s the scoop... It’s essentially a non expanding varmint projectile. All such .22 centerfire projectiles have thin wall jackets, and the ones employed by the military for use in US semi & full auto rifles have a “cannelure” located on the side wall of the jacket. This cannelure, or rows of small grooved depressions ringing the copper jacket exist to enable the brass cartridge neck to ‘lock into’ and better grip the projectile during the crimping process at the ammunition factory. This is important due to the bidirectional recoil forces upon the cartridges when the gun is firing. Those projectiles sitting in their cartridges in the magazine without a cannelure would otherwise break-free from the case’s crimp during sustained fire resulting in them sliding back into the neck of the cartridge.case. This would result in feeding malfunctions and possibly excessive chamber pressure. Also, FMJ, spire point / spitzer-shape projectiles tend to rotate from their nose-on orientation to a 180 degree base-forward orientation when penetrating soft tissue. This is because most of their mass is in the lower half of the projectile and the resistance to penetration imparts a rotational force. However, once the projectile completes a 180 degree tail-to-nose reorientation, it remains oriented that way as it continues to penetrate. It however does not continue to tumble as some claim. Now here’s the kicker...It was discovered that when the 55 gr FMJ when fired from the 5.56 out of a 20” bbl, and with terminal ranges out to ~ 100 yards into human flesh...well the following phenomenon occurred: As the projectile was halfway through its tail-to-nose reorientation flipflop, the dynamic stress upon the projectile would cause it to fragment in to 4 pieces. The nose would come apart into 3 approx 7 gr.fragments, plus a 25 gr back half. This caused some nasty flesh wounds which enhanced the cartridge’s combat effectiveness. However, this was not an engineered feature of cartridge. The newer 62 gr “ green tip” projectiles however tend to penetrate in a nose-on orientation (when fired from barrels with suitably faster rifling twist rates). The green tips out-penetrate conventional FMJ projectiles, but they cause less tissue damage.
@Loonytoones85 - It is a Geneva Convention work-a-round, after a fashion. Eugene Stoner and his team were handed a very tough set of design criteria. Their new automatic rifle (assault rifle) had to be much lighter, and have lighter ammunition, than the M-1 Garand and M14 which came before it, yet wounding capability equivalent to or greater than the M-1 Carbine. Using full-metal jacket ammo, since the Geneva and Hague Conventions both prohibit the use of expanding or hollow-point ammunition in land warfare. Stoner is on record as stating that he took advantage of a peculiar characteristic of light projectiles fired at high muzzle velocity - their dynamic instability and tendency to yaw in comparison with heavier larger-caliber projectiles at similar velocities. When it was discovered that 55-grain FMJ fragmented at muzzle velocities above 2800 fps, a "crimping groove"or cannelure was added to the M193 design to make fragmentation/shattering more likely. It also had the added benefit of making the ammo safer to operate in rapid-firing automatic/select-fire weapons. The most-lethal envelope of M193 55-grain is at or above 2800 fps, the velocity necessary to provoke shattering/fragmentation, and thus the formation of a high-velocity blast cone of fragments at the intended target. M855 was designed for enhanced penetration of mild steel plate out to 500m, of the kind used in military helmets such as the Warsaw Pact helmet of the Cold War, but this capability was purchased at the cost of the fragmentation effect seen with 55-grain FMJ. This "ice-picking" effect was seen and well-documented at the Battle of the Black Sea (Battle of Mogadishu), the famed "Black Hawk Down"incident in the early 1990s - where elite Rangers and Delta Force personnel saw Somali militiamen absorb multiple center-mass hits with green-tip 62-grain M855, yet remain in the fight. The dramatically-inconsistent performance of M855 prompted a great deal more R&D into ammunition for use in AR platforms, which eventually bore fruit in the global war on terror.
@Loonytoones85 - A lot of nations did it. Britain engineered their Lee-Enfield .303 cartridge to have a lighter forward section by using aluminum filler. Some militaries/nations do the same thing to lighten the front by using an air pocket. The point being to get the projectile to "swap ends" and perhaps fragment during the terminal ballistics phase of flight. Even if the bullet remains intact, as it transitions to a nose-rearward attitude, it will widen the permanent wound channel. With so many nations/militaries looking to get around the Hague/Geneva Conventions, it sort of makes you wonder why they bother with them at all. It isn't as if there is a whole lot of logic in much of the reasoning anyway. HP bullets are forbidden, but napalm and FAE munitions are not? Expanding bullets are illegal, but not all sorts of mines? I don't get it.... As U.S. Civil War General Sherman said "War is cruelty and there is no reforming it."
@@GeorgiaBoy1961 I recall reading somewhere that the reason the Hague Convention outlawed expanding projectiles was not for humanitarian reasons. It was because militaries realized it was better to severely wound an enemy soldier rather than kill him outright, since the adversary would expend a great amount of resources caring for wounded soldiers, as opposed to none for the dead. Whether this story is accurate or merely cynical revisionism of an actual humane gesture, I don't know.
That was the most impressive part of the video to me, I can barely read the microwave clock across the kitchen not that it is ever set to the correct time.
My thoughts exactly! I was thinking: Wait, has he memorized the results and is faking this, or can he actually read digits at that distance? Man, I need to make an appointment with my ophthalmologist first thing in the morning!
Could you read the time off an illuminated alarm clock 7 yards away? If so its not so amazing. If not you may need glasses. Not saying Paul isn't amazing, but this isn't why.
When I bought my 556\223 bolt action rifle with an 18" barrel I was worried that it was too short and I'd be giving up too much velocity. I feel a lot better after watching this. Thanks Mr Harrell
Dude your channel is the shit. Every time I'm wondering something about a specific type of gun, or defensive situation, or type of ammunition, etc. you have a video on it covering it in meticulous detail. Woefully underrated but definitely one of the best firearms channels on youtube.
Another great video. Paul is quickly becoming my go-to source for real, level-headed information. The M855 was designed for the M249 and the M16A2, both of which have 20 inch barrels with a 1:7 twist designed to stabilize the M855 and the even longer tracer round. The round will penetrate a 1980s era Soviet helmet at 550 yards. This is better than the M193 or even the M80 ball round for the 7.62x51. However, as mentioned, the steel tip makes the bullet more complicated and leads to inconsistent performance, especially from the shorter barrel of the M4 carbine. The accuracy issue can be easily overplayed for a combat round. Generations of Devil Dogs have qualified with this round out to 500 yards. I used an old A2 that was probably almost as old as I was and only dropped 5 shots from the black at the 500 yard range, including qual and all of the week practicing. The round wasn't designed for jack rabbits and is accurate enough for the vast majority of combat use. Finally, all spitzer (pointed) bullets will tumble because their center of mass is located near the base, so the rounds will naturally flip in a medium that is denser than air. That is why the bullets are spun by the rifling to begin with, rotational inertia gives them stability. The green tip round will tumble reliably but requires a higher velocity threshold (around 2700 fps) than the M193 to fragment, and again, because of its relatively complexity, the M855 will be less consistent.
Removing the green paint on M855 with some witch-hazel will help increase accuracy a little bit.... but if you really want accuracy out of 5.56 you should use 77gr smk otm. M855 is not a sniper round and is capable of the 4moa the military specifies
I do truly enjoy your videos Mr. Harrell. Shatner-esc pauses with just the right amount of dry humour. Compiled on directly informative data. Truly an enjoyment to watch.
Paul: i’ve been watching your videos for quite a while now but have never taken the opportunity to say thank you for your effort in bringing commonsense to the field of defensive firearms use. I know that you too have been involved in a conflict resulting in the lethal use of force and personally appreciate the commonsense approach that you bring to this aspect of firearms use for the legal preservation of innocent life.
Coming back again and watching this video. At least 5 years ago I saw this video on a different YT account, and it's what got me really thinking and understanding my rifle. Paul has given us great content... God bless Paul and the Harrell family.
Even though it was 18 minutes long it didn't seem that long, and good thing I watched this I was heading out to the hardware store to buy up some tile body armor
On the topic of 55gr bullet tumbling, it was discovered back in the 1920’s by what’s been dubbed “The pig board,” a study on bullet lethality conducted by a board of general officers on pig targets, that small caliber bullets had this tumbling property resulting in high lethality. At the time this was not pursued, but in 1954 some additional research as well as pushing from a General Wyman in army procurement lead to a draft set of characteristics being developed by the army which were brought to Stoner to develop his then recent AR-10 into a high velocity .22 caliber rifle meeting the requirements. The original specifications were for a 1:14 rifle twist, just barely meeting stabilization requirements for the bullet and designed to meet the power requirement of penetrating a steel helmet at 500 yards. The original .223 remington cartridge designed in parallel was very explicitly designed to capitalize on this stability dichotomy to maximize lethality. The later 5.56 standardization does not make any mention of it, and the twist rate was reduced to 1:12 due to cold weather stability concerns around the time the army insisted on adding a forward assist. I would recommend finding a copy of Col. Hallock’s report on the M-16 rifle program for an exhaustively well sourced discussion on the development and procurement.
All good information, not just to compare the two bullets but to bring to light the effect of rifling/rate-of-twist and composition differences between the two...
The meat target is much more effective as a tool in ballistic performance over Ballistic Gel. I don't know what you have to spend on making one for your videos, However, it's worth every penny. when I shot High Power service rifle my common bullet was the 55 gr for the 200 Yard standing and sitting strings. 300 yard I would use the same bullet that I used at 600 yards. saved me a little money on bullets and the 55 grain shot just fine at 200. As always. Good video Paul. Dave.
My buddy Ollie got shot in the neck at a very high angle with the 55 grain bullet (friendly fire) it went in, nicked his aorta, bounced off a rib in his back, broke the rib, bounced off a rib in the front, broke that rib, went through a lung, and exited through his shoulder blade, blowing a hole about the size of a silver dollar out of his back. Ollie lived.
This is probably my favorite Paul Harrell video, as I reload for both 55 grain and 62 grain bullets shown here. Some years ago, I purchased 5,000 pulled SS109 bullets and reloaded them to 3,000 FPS with H335. I use the same powder for 55 grain loads as well. They both serve a purpose and do well.
This channel is full of the absolute best firearms videos I have ever seen, and this one is top five easily. Thank you Sir for your service and for making these outstanding videos.
The green tips are more expensive at the store I usually shop at but I realize the green tips do serve a purpose. I think based on this test I'll stick with the 55gr. Thanks Paul!
there is something that really stands out about Paul. you can watch all these videos from other people. but I hardly want to fast forward through any of his and just kind of enjoy them. there is a subtle strait laced humor to some of his banter and actions and the way he talks just makes the videos enjoyable AND very informative at the same time. he could make some big bucks on some cable tv hunting show or something.
He held himself to a high standard. He was a professional, after all. Also very humble, which is rare in this community. He's really the only guntuber I subscribed to and am still watching his videos and will continue to do so for quite a while. His passing bothers me quite a bit still and think of him every day.
Green tip is good for anti vehicle threats and punching through doors and thin plate steel. Not to mention it's fun to play "what will this bullet go through"
Msw 96 never under estimate 55gr, though. One of my friends made a target out of some 3/8” mild steel plate. Lead core 55gr out of a 20” barrel punched nice clean holes through it.
@@CountArtha I keep some green tips around just in case I need to shoot through a vehicle or soft body armor. My go to home defense rifle is an ak in 7.62×39 with Tula 158 grain soft points. I'm sure most home defense situations can be handled with my 9mm but it's nice to have options.
@@CountArtha yes it does less damage, and over penetrates . M193 will kill the bad guy and not even penetrate the back of his shirt hardly. M855 will wound the bad guy and kill your neighbor
One of the best gun videos I've seen on UA-cam. The Guy isn't dressed up like Rambo or Tommy Tactical. He doesn't need to. He's been there and done that so no need to fake it. He's very knowledgeable and unassuming. He's not "preaching" to the dumb masses. He's just sharing some knowledge and opinions with you.
I had no interest in the title, but only watched because it's a "Paul Harrell" video, and I'm a Fan.Glad I did, now. Lots of surprising results and entertainment, thanks to the soda jugs, and the famous "Meat Target". It seems like Paul can present any topic, and expose the results with pertinent tests and observations.I'll bet there's a lot of behind the scenes work and research involved in making a video like this.I can't wait for your next video, Paul!
Very eye-opening! I worked at a gun shop during my college years in the early 80s. There was still a lot if talk about the tumbling rounds from an AR15 and even though I could have bought one at our employee discount, I never considered it. Why would I want such an inaccurate firearm? It wasn't until 1996 or 1997 that I learned of the whole rate of twist being the reason for the tumbling round and I finally bought my first AR. It's a Colt Sporter A2 with a 1/7 rate of twist. Sweet! This is the first video I've seen that shows the difference in steel core versus lead core. Thanks for sharing, Paul.
The 55 grain M193 has the best all around when it comes to accuracy, light recoil ,lethality, and cost.It would be my choice to stock up on.A proven manstopper.
Mr. Paul does the most in depth analysis/experimentation on firearms and their ammo on UA-cam without spending a fortune doing it. And he gets the point across well. I’ve learned so much more from this channel than most others.
Pretty interesting. Thanks for this video.... Also, someone should “loop” the section of video where you fire the 62grainers into the dirt and turn it into techno dance hit... just saying.
Now this is why i like your channel so much. I just got out of the Army myself after 12 years, and i’ve never asked myself this really basic question between the two kinds of ammo we used. Thanks!
Things Paul Harrell doesn't tolerate: Shasta 2L soda Algebra Fleece Concrete blocks Thrift store leather jackets Rumors and innuendo Things Paul Harrell does tolerate: Firearms Ammunition Practical application of learned knowledge Analysis
Watching this 4yrs after it was posted, I still laugh hysterically when you demonstrate how an A1 will definitely fire M855. Blahahahahahaha the face while firing into the ground lol.
This the most BY FAR comprehensive comparison I have ever seen between the 2 rounds .. I heard the best stability of the 55gr can be achieved of 1:9 while its 1:7 for the green tips .. thank you for the excellent insight
I knew there would be a difference, but I expected it to be significantly MORE difference. Next week we will film a comparison of AR's with 20" 16" and 10.5" barrels.
I think his a1 just has a slow barrel and or loose chamber. Lots of his velocities out of it are slower. I get 3170 fps out of a del ton 16 inch middy with m193 federal. My 20 inch a2 build was getting 3280 with m193 federal. Both have nato chambers fwiw.
Thank you I almost bought the 62 grain just because I thought bigger would be better now I know they're both better LOL. For real I'm going to go with the 55 grain brass over the 62 grain steel case but wouldn't hesitate to buy the 62 if that's all that was around. Thanks again for my well informed decision.
Would love to see AR-10 308 tests as this is my rifle, but I watch every video regardless. I encourage all viewers to support Paul's efforts by going to Patreon and donating a buck a month. You'll never miss the change & you'll feel better about always watching his videos. :_) I appreciate the amount of time it takes to set-up, clean up, and then edit the video each time. Thanks Paul for all the work.
This was the first video I watched of Paul. RIP
My own tests show that the 55gr is better for orange soda. The 62gr is better for cherry. Hope that helps.
Oh damn! Not the grape drank!
55gr Taiwanese made Wolf Gold .223, which is actually M193 but is marked .223 due to Taiwan's laws. It works great for the citrus hordes of any stripe!
@@Koji-888 have a sense of humour old boy
Everyone knows 62 grain is better for ROOT BEER! Amateur wanna be! Must be an airsofter!
HAHAHAHA Man that was great!! :)
Having used the 55 grain ammo in Vietnam I can categorically say that the only time a target didn’t fall dead was when I missed. Not to say that someone else had a different experience, but that round did what it was supposed to in an M-16A1 in the Mekong Delta during monsoon season and with it covered in mud. Did have to keep it clean but mine worked every time I needed it to work
I'm glad it worked for you brother, and welcome home.
Thank you for your service.
Thanks
Cant argue with that.
Always liked the 55 grain in 5.56 and .223, thank you for your service, and welcome home.
This dude is straight up savage - but straight to the point and not full of himself. Good stuff m8 keep at it
DeffKanGrotling44 How bout that deadpan look when he fired that A1 in to the ground. I wished I had some corn popped right about then. I knew it was gonna be another good one.
I lost it when he had that look when he was shooting, lol.
DeffKanGrotling44 u wot m8?
IKR ... It's like his signature gesture
It's like he is saying : "Waddaya think is gonna happen ... ?"
I love the way he seems to cover all the bases, and treats them all as legitimate inquiries, even though some seem obvious to me. But then, after his little experiments, I've been surprised a few times, proving I don't know as much as I thought I did.
Honestly, since I found Paul I ditched Demolition Ranch because I can't stand him anymore. He used to be funny, now he's just fake.
RIP Paul
Thanks for all I've learned from your videos
Store clerk: Having a cook out this weekend?
Paul: Actually Im constructing a simulated human to see which projectile best obliterates a persons internal organs under varied circumstances. Might enjoy a steak afterward though.
Store clerk: uh.......ok........cash or card?
Lmao!!!
Don't forget the water melons and lots of jeans and t shirt! Lol
Sir, this is a Wendy's.
Well (puling a visa card out of his right jacket pocket and holding it so the clerk can see it) I can get mileage and other rewards with my visa card, or (pulling cash out of his left jacket pocket and holding it so the clerk can see it) I can use cash and not have to worry about future payments on a consumable food item.
Horribly underrated comment, even a year later.
1,038 likes, 0 dislikes.
A mark of quality.
*Someone dislikes just to piss you off*
Almost 98% like to dislike ratio. MAH GAWD
Paul is like a cross between middle age Clint Eastwood and a twenty year old Chevy Chase.
And I love him. These are some seriously amazing videos.
Definitely!!
If emojies permitted I'd be laughing but true
Paul is the master of tongue in cheek excellence.
That is pretty funny.
I thought he was shooting with David Gilmore for a moment...
I am an engineer with one of my undergraduate degrees in physics. I have also been reloading and shooting for almost 50 years. This guy is pretty good at consistent testing procedures and uses the scientific method the way it was meant to be used. He is getting answers, not doing bogus testing to support the answer he thought up.
I am an engineer with one of my PHDs in physics, and I’ve been reloading for almost 120 years, so I’m more qualified to speak to this video and Paul’s testing procedures than you are. Despite my qualifications, I will refrain from commenting.
@@caesarleon1 I’ve been reloading since 1909, and I can tell you without a doubt that out of all my 16 degrees, my astrophysics and neurobiology PhD’s came most in handy when assessing Paul’s testing procedures.
paul has a closet of nothing but barn coats, green t's, tan pants, and guns.
That's closer to the truth than you think :)
Paul Harrell Jack Reacher fan?
LOL
. . . and a refrigerator filled with beef ribs, pigs ears, and so forth.
lol
It's so refreshing seeing actual people with some knowledge, and not some dude in his backyard with full combat gear on, in "tactical" dude bro mode.
Knowledge*
knowledge
*Knowledge
Hes the oposite of James Yeager.
knowl·edge
/ˈnäləj/
Learn to pronounce
noun
1.
facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
"a thirst for knowledge"
Similar:
understanding
comprehension
grasp
grip
command
mastery
apprehension
expertise
skill
proficiency
expertness
accomplishment
adeptness
capacity
capability
savoir faire
know-how
learning
erudition
education
scholarship
letters
schooling
science
wisdom
enlightenment
philosophy
familiarity with
acquaintance with
conversance with
intimacy with
information
facts
data
intelligence
news
reports
lore
info
lowdown
gen
Opposite:
ignorance
illiteracy
2.
awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.
"the program had been developed without his knowledge"
I hope you used a calculus book on the second test. Everyone knows calculus is harder than algebra. I plan to use physics books for my armor.
Very profound indeed. I LOVE profundity. I'm going to follow your lead. No more "Dick & Jane see Spot run" for me.
George Moomaw Some philosophy books are tough to get through as well.
In my opinion algebra is harder. Calculus is more abstract and takes some open mindedness, but algebra is more calculation intense. Linear algebra gives me nightmares
@TheLZisTooHot you must have never taken differential equations
TheLZisTooHot maybe organic chemistry is a tougher target
fantastic. no BS and straight to facts with easy to understand prac app. your channel is severely underrated. youve earned my sub.
I have NEVER heard of his channel being "underrated" once. Even other UA-cam gun guys give Paul massive praise. I get your drift, I think you just chose the wrong word. Under appreciated would be more apt. This guy should have a sub from every gun owner who uses UA-cam.
@@valuedhumanoid6574 omfg fuck off...the guy was giving paul praise and credit. Just because someone just discovered his channel?...seriously. Some of us don't sit on ass and watch shit loads of youtube all day...
Earned a sub? 😂 i bet he doesnt give a shit about “earning” your sub
@@1stidvet553 are you trying to make yourself feel more important or did you just misread the mood of the comment section ?
@@waltmagic maybe you watching pornhub is better ?
Always love the high tech items brought out for demonstrations. Spared no expense.
Shasta called. They want to negative-sponsor, i.e. pay Paul to quit shooting their soda. lol
Paul's annual Shasta budget is, a respectable, $12.00. Such value.
I'm gonna try pork-ribs tenderized via 556 and infused with orange glaze!! YUMMY!!
delavega989 Who doesn't love strawberry cough medicine flavored Shasta?!!
Shasta should capitalize on this and change the way its containers are called. Introducing the '9mm' 12 oz. cans, , the '.44 mag' 1 L bottles, the 'single stack' 4-pks, the 'hi-cap' 6-pk, etc. Never mind: I just remembered about political correctness...
The kid that gave Paul the snake drawing: Are you gonna hang it on your fridge?
Paul: I've got a better idea...
Best comment award 🏆 🤣😂🤣
I love how his attire never changes. His tan jacket is his trademark.
his outfit has to stay the same to stay consistent with his range of action figures (I wish)
Sometimes it changes. Whenever he deals with extra fancy guns, he dons a bunch of bling and a cowhide jacket.
He’s talked about the jacket. Had it a very long time and he says you can’t get anything like it anymore. He must be very fond of it.
Also it’s like Jay Leno’s Garage. He wears the denim shirt and jeans to keep people from thinking, “what’s Jay wearing today?”...keeping people’s minds on topic, The Cars.
so you havent seen his .38 SPCL videos... where he brings out the Leisure Suit Larry look.... more to come for you...lol
Legend has it that he hasn't changed his clothes since the seventies. This may explain why he almost always has the range all to himself :)
I never get tired of this guys manner of speaking. Great video!
Everyone knows that Dr. Pepper has a greater molecular density than Orange soda, so not an accurate comparison:-)
Kraig Stovall haha a more compelling argument than most of the other people who are triggered in the comments. I got a chuckle out of that
Its cause of the 23 flavors
If you saw the outtake reel for his sponsorship of Shasta, you'd understand why I don't know what his beef. with pork ribs oranges and fleece is though
But killing a bottle of Dr. Pepper would be a mortal sin. LOL
@@bdr32965 Texas wept.😂
I lost my shit laughing when he just started shooting at the ground
Whit suspicious face 😂
That ground had ill intent, we all saw it.
😂🤣😂🤣 his face while doing it!
I know lol
The thumbnail of him doing that is the only reason I clicked this video, I was laughing just at that
I've only recently started watching Paul's videos but I'm already thinking they're among the most useful and interesting everyday world videos that I've seen from anybody. I also enjoy his calm voice, easygoing manner and most of all, the absence of any tacticool pretense.
This guys local grocery store must love him. He's back to buy another 6 turkeys and 20 packages of ribs again. Yeah we saved 3 creates of oranges for ya and 6 fresh watermelons lol cya in 3 days!
Don't forget the 50 soda jugs.
I wouldn’t eat his bbq though
Algebra book had it coming.
Shooting his algebra book was a 'calculated' move after discovering he could find 'X' with an AR15. 😁
You're welcome! I'll be here all week!
@@tangoindiamike9189 good one! I like a clever response.
@@tangoindiamike9189 3 statisticians walk into a bar. The 1st asks the bartender "if I ordered half a pint and my friend ordered a third.." Bartender interrupted saying "I'm going to need you guys to get the fuck outta here"
@Widgeon GhiIlie BEARD Pate Pi r squared.
Math is always something you can count on.
1:02 That look on his face is priceless. It shows how relevant he feels that the rumor about the A1 platform shooting the 62 gr ammo is.
😆😆😆
Yeah but go back and watch he lied he’s using an a2
@@madstan8948 People, even experts in their trade, can be mistaken. Interesting that you automatically assume that he's lying, Caleb.
@@coldcanuck6091 I have reason to believe he’s lying because Paul is a known colt fan boy…
The 55 gr FMJ was not designed to tumble. Here’s the scoop...
It’s essentially a non expanding varmint projectile. All such .22 centerfire projectiles have thin wall jackets, and the ones employed by the military for use in US semi & full auto rifles have a “cannelure” located on the side wall
of the jacket. This cannelure, or rows of small grooved depressions ringing the copper jacket exist to enable the brass cartridge neck to ‘lock into’ and better grip the projectile during the crimping process at the ammunition factory. This is important due to the bidirectional recoil forces upon the cartridges when the gun is firing. Those projectiles sitting in their cartridges in the magazine without a cannelure would otherwise break-free from the case’s crimp during sustained fire resulting in
them sliding back into the neck of the cartridge.case. This would result in feeding malfunctions and possibly excessive chamber pressure.
Also, FMJ, spire point / spitzer-shape projectiles tend to rotate from their nose-on orientation to a 180 degree base-forward orientation when penetrating soft tissue. This is because most of their mass is in the lower half of the projectile and the resistance to penetration imparts a rotational force. However, once the projectile completes a 180 degree tail-to-nose reorientation, it remains oriented that way as it continues to penetrate. It however does not continue to tumble as some claim.
Now here’s the kicker...It was discovered that when the 55 gr FMJ when fired from the 5.56 out of a 20” bbl, and with terminal ranges out to ~ 100 yards into human flesh...well the following phenomenon occurred: As the projectile was halfway through its tail-to-nose reorientation flipflop, the dynamic stress upon the projectile would cause it to fragment in to 4 pieces. The nose would come apart into 3 approx 7 gr.fragments, plus a 25 gr back half.
This caused some nasty flesh wounds which enhanced the cartridge’s combat effectiveness. However, this was not an engineered feature of cartridge. The newer 62 gr “ green tip” projectiles however tend to penetrate in a nose-on orientation (when fired from barrels with suitably faster rifling twist rates). The green tips out-penetrate conventional FMJ projectiles, but they cause less tissue damage.
Thanks for the explanation. Very helpful.
@Loonytoones85 - It is a Geneva Convention work-a-round, after a fashion. Eugene Stoner and his team were handed a very tough set of design criteria. Their new automatic rifle (assault rifle) had to be much lighter, and have lighter ammunition, than the M-1 Garand and M14 which came before it, yet wounding capability equivalent to or greater than the M-1 Carbine. Using full-metal jacket ammo, since the Geneva and Hague Conventions both prohibit the use of expanding or hollow-point ammunition in land warfare. Stoner is on record as stating that he took advantage of a peculiar characteristic of light projectiles fired at high muzzle velocity - their dynamic instability and tendency to yaw in comparison with heavier larger-caliber projectiles at similar velocities. When it was discovered that 55-grain FMJ fragmented at muzzle velocities above 2800 fps, a "crimping groove"or cannelure was added to the M193 design to make fragmentation/shattering more likely. It also had the added benefit of making the ammo safer to operate in rapid-firing automatic/select-fire weapons. The most-lethal envelope of M193 55-grain is at or above 2800 fps, the velocity necessary to provoke shattering/fragmentation, and thus the formation of a high-velocity blast cone of fragments at the intended target. M855 was designed for enhanced penetration of mild steel plate out to 500m, of the kind used in military helmets such as the Warsaw Pact helmet of the Cold War, but this capability was purchased at the cost of the fragmentation effect seen with 55-grain FMJ. This "ice-picking" effect was seen and well-documented at the Battle of the Black Sea (Battle of Mogadishu), the famed "Black Hawk Down"incident in the early 1990s - where elite Rangers and Delta Force personnel saw Somali militiamen absorb multiple center-mass hits with green-tip 62-grain M855, yet remain in the fight. The dramatically-inconsistent performance of M855 prompted a great deal more R&D into ammunition for use in AR platforms, which eventually bore fruit in the global war on terror.
@Loonytoones85 - A lot of nations did it. Britain engineered their Lee-Enfield .303 cartridge to have a lighter forward section by using aluminum filler. Some militaries/nations do the same thing to lighten the front by using an air pocket. The point being to get the projectile to "swap ends" and perhaps fragment during the terminal ballistics phase of flight. Even if the bullet remains intact, as it transitions to a nose-rearward attitude, it will widen the permanent wound channel. With so many nations/militaries looking to get around the Hague/Geneva Conventions, it sort of makes you wonder why they bother with them at all. It isn't as if there is a whole lot of logic in much of the reasoning anyway. HP bullets are forbidden, but napalm and FAE munitions are not? Expanding bullets are illegal, but not all sorts of mines? I don't get it.... As U.S. Civil War General Sherman said "War is cruelty and there is no reforming it."
Well said.
@@GeorgiaBoy1961 I recall reading somewhere that the reason the Hague Convention outlawed expanding projectiles was not for humanitarian reasons. It was because militaries realized it was better to severely wound an enemy soldier rather than kill him outright, since the adversary would expend a great amount of resources caring for wounded soldiers, as opposed to none for the dead. Whether this story is accurate or merely cynical revisionism of an actual humane gesture, I don't know.
These video's looks like they were made in the early 80's. (And thats a compliment :)
Weaver stance and all! lol :-)
People talked straighter back then
And that's why I like it
It really is hard to overstate how fair Mr. Harrell is in his assessments. My thanks, compliments and respect, as always Mr. Harrell!
Sir, I would rather watch your shooting videos than anyone else's. You communicate better, in my humble opinion. Keep the faith...
Paul Harrell: Shasta Blasta
lol!
You win the internet with this one.
Underrated comment.. maybe it flew over peoples heads.
Two jugs enter, no jugs leave!
I wanted to like this, but it currently has 223 likes. Can't compromise that.
No ones amazed that Paul can see the Chrono at that distance?
My eyes must be terrible.... lol
Great Video as always.
I was the other shooter in this vid. I had to have Paul read out the results for me because I couldn't see it.
Paul must love his carrots 🥕 😉
That was the most impressive part of the video to me, I can barely read the microwave clock across the kitchen not that it is ever set to the correct time.
My thoughts exactly! I was thinking: Wait, has he memorized the results and is faking this, or can he actually read digits at that distance? Man, I need to make an appointment with my ophthalmologist first thing in the morning!
Could you read the time off an illuminated alarm clock 7 yards away? If so its not so amazing. If not you may need glasses. Not saying Paul isn't amazing, but this isn't why.
I am impressed by the information provided, I also admire the straight foward attitude.
So true
Really dig the meat target instead of ballistics gel.
Meat Target is Beast Target.
This is probably the best presentation of XM193 vs M855 I've watched so far. Keep it up, man!
Am I the only one who thinks this guy is actually Steve McQueen who didn’t die he just pretends to be Paul Harrell now?
Exactly
He's definitely cool enough.
The similarities are astounding. Coincidence? I think not!
That was my first impression. Steve McQueen reincarnated !
Good one!
This video makes me feel so much better about all the 55 grain I have stocked up.
Coconutscott I kind of feel stupid for all my 62 g ammo I have stocked up 😂
@@starsnstripesforever5601 Hey, if you ever have to fight armored looters you're good!
edit: well this comment aged well
Same here
@@starsnstripesforever5601 Same!
@Loonytoones85 come on. Maybe if it's 1/16th thick
Best presentations hands down.
Thanks for the content brother!
When I bought my 556\223 bolt action rifle with an 18" barrel I was worried that it was too short and I'd be giving up too much velocity. I feel a lot better after watching this. Thanks Mr Harrell
Love your format. All straight talk, no BS or fluff. I always learn so much from your videos. Thanks!
Paul, this channel is totally underrated and very informative, thanks
Yet another great video. Miss you Paul…….
The best quote of the day, "DAMN."
This guy rocks ....
16" 1 in 8 twist barrel stabilizes the 62 grain decently. Been running it thru the DB15
Dude your channel is the shit. Every time I'm wondering something about a specific type of gun, or defensive situation, or type of ammunition, etc. you have a video on it covering it in meticulous detail. Woefully underrated but definitely one of the best firearms channels on youtube.
Another great video. Paul is quickly becoming my go-to source for real, level-headed information.
The M855 was designed for the M249 and the M16A2, both of which have 20 inch barrels with a 1:7 twist designed to stabilize the M855 and the even longer tracer round. The round will penetrate a 1980s era Soviet helmet at 550 yards. This is better than the M193 or even the M80 ball round for the 7.62x51. However, as mentioned, the steel tip makes the bullet more complicated and leads to inconsistent performance, especially from the shorter barrel of the M4 carbine. The accuracy issue can be easily overplayed for a combat round. Generations of Devil Dogs have qualified with this round out to 500 yards. I used an old A2 that was probably almost as old as I was and only dropped 5 shots from the black at the 500 yard range, including qual and all of the week practicing. The round wasn't designed for jack rabbits and is accurate enough for the vast majority of combat use.
Finally, all spitzer (pointed) bullets will tumble because their center of mass is located near the base, so the rounds will naturally flip in a medium that is denser than air. That is why the bullets are spun by the rifling to begin with, rotational inertia gives them stability. The green tip round will tumble reliably but requires a higher velocity threshold (around 2700 fps) than the M193 to fragment, and again, because of its relatively complexity, the M855 will be less consistent.
"I used an old A2 that was probably almost as old as I was" . . . . Whipper snapper. LOL
Excellent additional info, thanks for posting that!
Removing the green paint on M855 with some witch-hazel will help increase accuracy a little bit.... but if you really want accuracy out of 5.56 you should use 77gr smk otm. M855 is not a sniper round and is capable of the 4moa the military specifies
Robert Boren Semper Fi Brother!!!
excellent info thanks a million
"what else can i say, but, dahhm."
best reaction that i've seen yet.!!!
keep up the good work Mr HarrelL.!
Hands down best firearm tutorials on youtube. Wish I was friends with this cat.
I do truly enjoy your videos Mr. Harrell. Shatner-esc pauses with just the right amount of dry humour. Compiled on directly informative data. Truly an enjoyment to watch.
Needed this comparison, and you came through. Even in the afterlife, Paul's videos are necessary and enlightening.
Paul: i’ve been watching your videos for quite a while now but have never taken the opportunity to say thank you for your effort in bringing commonsense to the field of defensive firearms use. I know that you too have been involved in a conflict resulting in the lethal use of force and personally appreciate the commonsense approach that you bring to this aspect of firearms use for the legal preservation of innocent life.
great video! and again I love how much detail you go into, you're very thorough!
Justin Figgins right, he says enough to keep your attention and not bore you
Coming back again and watching this video. At least 5 years ago I saw this video on a different YT account, and it's what got me really thinking and understanding my rifle. Paul has given us great content... God bless Paul and the Harrell family.
Is this guy the real deal or what? Love his video`s only hickok 45 takes the time to explain everything like him will be his subscriber forever!
Even though it was 18 minutes long it didn't seem that long, and good thing I watched this I was heading out to the hardware store to buy up some tile body armor
Paul has saved many people many dollars. Just get two algebra books.
On the topic of 55gr bullet tumbling, it was discovered back in the 1920’s by what’s been dubbed “The pig board,” a study on bullet lethality conducted by a board of general officers on pig targets, that small caliber bullets had this tumbling property resulting in high lethality. At the time this was not pursued, but in 1954 some additional research as well as pushing from a General Wyman in army procurement lead to a draft set of characteristics being developed by the army which were brought to Stoner to develop his then recent AR-10 into a high velocity .22 caliber rifle meeting the requirements. The original specifications were for a 1:14 rifle twist, just barely meeting stabilization requirements for the bullet and designed to meet the power requirement of penetrating a steel helmet at 500 yards. The original .223 remington cartridge designed in parallel was very explicitly designed to capitalize on this stability dichotomy to maximize lethality. The later 5.56 standardization does not make any mention of it, and the twist rate was reduced to 1:12 due to cold weather stability concerns around the time the army insisted on adding a forward assist. I would recommend finding a copy of Col. Hallock’s report on the M-16 rifle program for an exhaustively well sourced discussion on the development and procurement.
Paul I'm new to your videos I just want to say thank you for your service in the military
All good information, not just to compare the two bullets but to bring to light the effect of rifling/rate-of-twist and composition differences between the two...
Thanks for the Video still showing even at this time, it's still great to watch! Thanks again for the heads up on the 55gr. and 62gr. ammo test!
I can’t believe I just found Paul’s videos. Wtf UA-cam
The meat target is much more effective as a tool in ballistic performance over Ballistic Gel. I don't know what you have to spend on making one for your videos, However, it's worth every penny. when I shot High Power service rifle my common bullet was the 55 gr for the 200 Yard standing and sitting strings. 300 yard I would use the same bullet that I used at 600 yards. saved me a little money on bullets and the 55 grain shot just fine at 200. As always. Good video Paul. Dave.
Thor's Axe what a username lol
My buddy Ollie got shot in the neck at a very high angle with the 55 grain bullet (friendly fire) it went in, nicked his aorta, bounced off a rib in his back, broke the rib, bounced off a rib in the front, broke that rib, went through a lung, and exited through his shoulder blade, blowing a hole about the size of a silver dollar out of his back. Ollie lived.
WoW, just WoW
@@shamfirestormdragon5341 yep, the 556 round does a lot to the body.
1:02 Now that's how an AMERICAN gets rid of crabgrass.
I lol'd after reading this
😂😭
This is probably my favorite Paul Harrell video, as I reload for both 55 grain and 62 grain bullets shown here. Some years ago, I purchased 5,000 pulled SS109 bullets and reloaded them to 3,000 FPS with H335. I use the same powder for 55 grain loads as well. They both serve a purpose and do well.
Paul is articulate and to the point! No BS, gimmicks or excessive un-needed range firing! Good stuff!
I hope Paul never stops making videos!
This channel is full of the absolute best firearms videos I have ever seen, and this one is top five easily. Thank you Sir for your service and for making these outstanding videos.
I am always glad to see this guy has a video for every question I have. Genuine education
13:27 easily the most excited I’ve ever seen Paul 😂
Ha!! Man of many emotions
😂
The green tips are more expensive at the store I usually shop at but I realize the green tips do serve a purpose. I think based on this test I'll stick with the 55gr. Thanks Paul!
there is something that really stands out about Paul. you can watch all these videos from other people. but I hardly want to fast forward through any of his and just kind of enjoy them. there is a subtle strait laced humor to some of his banter and actions and the way he talks just makes the videos enjoyable AND very informative at the same time. he could make some big bucks on some cable tv hunting show or something.
He held himself to a high standard. He was a professional, after all. Also very humble, which is rare in this community. He's really the only guntuber I subscribed to and am still watching his videos and will continue to do so for quite a while. His passing bothers me quite a bit still and think of him every day.
Paul is unique and always interesting. Always good viewing.
The high-tech fleece bulletstop has FINALLY met its match!
By far one of the best channels on UA-cam
Green tip is good for anti vehicle threats and punching through doors and thin plate steel. Not to mention it's fun to play "what will this bullet go through"
Msw 96 never under estimate 55gr, though. One of my friends made a target out of some 3/8” mild steel plate. Lead core 55gr out of a 20” barrel punched nice clean holes through it.
@@sandervanduren2779 , So does my 22 hornet w 45 grain blitz rounds @ 25 yds. 3/8 inch soft steel.plate. The REAL test is thicker/harder steel.
I'm genuinely worried now that using 62gr green-tip ammo for home defense is totally irresponsible. I'll keep a PMAG loaded with M193 just in case.
@@CountArtha I keep some green tips around just in case I need to shoot through a vehicle or soft body armor.
My go to home defense rifle is an ak in 7.62×39 with Tula 158 grain soft points. I'm sure most home defense situations can be handled with my 9mm but it's nice to have options.
@@CountArtha yes it does less damage, and over penetrates .
M193 will kill the bad guy and not even penetrate the back of his shirt hardly.
M855 will wound the bad guy and kill your neighbor
All I can say is damn. As always great video sir
One of the best gun videos I've seen on UA-cam. The Guy isn't dressed up like Rambo or Tommy Tactical. He doesn't need to. He's been there and done that so no need to fake it. He's very knowledgeable and unassuming. He's not "preaching" to the dumb masses. He's just sharing some knowledge and opinions with you.
I had no interest in the title, but only watched because it's a "Paul Harrell" video, and I'm a Fan.Glad I did, now. Lots of surprising results and entertainment, thanks to the soda jugs, and the famous "Meat Target". It seems like Paul can present any topic, and expose the results with pertinent tests and observations.I'll bet there's a lot of behind the scenes work and research involved in making a video like this.I can't wait for your next video, Paul!
Very eye-opening!
I worked at a gun shop during my college years in the early 80s. There was still a lot if talk about the tumbling rounds from an AR15 and even though I could have bought one at our employee discount, I never considered it. Why would I want such an inaccurate firearm? It wasn't until 1996 or 1997 that I learned of the whole rate of twist being the reason for the tumbling round and I finally bought my first AR. It's a Colt Sporter A2 with a 1/7 rate of twist. Sweet!
This is the first video I've seen that shows the difference in steel core versus lead core.
Thanks for sharing, Paul.
This is probably one of the best put together videos iv seen in some time now. Very outstanding job sir. God bless
time to start binge watching old video's and deny reality for a little while
I had a question, typed it into YT search, and this was the first one to come up. Mr Harrell will be educating a lot of people for years to come.
@@Picolinnibuddy
Wow soda jug, meat target, body armor, and cinder block test all in one video? Paul went all out for this one! What can I say except: Damn.
The 55 grain M193 has the best all around when it comes to accuracy, light recoil ,lethality, and cost.It would be my choice to stock up on.A proven manstopper.
I just bought 1000 rounds and hoping it works well in my AR-15 PISTOL
@kevin pierson 💀
Excellent study. My Sig M400 just loves M855 - the best overall bulk ammo for it. Anything less than 62gr tends to disintegrate quick.
@@cbob3605 - Mostly Federal.
Mr. Paul does the most in depth analysis/experimentation on firearms and their ammo on UA-cam without spending a fortune doing it. And he gets the point across well. I’ve learned so much more from this channel than most others.
I miss you already Paul
“...High tech Snake Targets...”..
So happy I found this channel... Rad..
I feel a little odd in saying this but, I do miss Paul. He was a great guy.
4:47 finally normal reloading, old military school. Thank you Brian.
Yep. I was hung over that day too. We were between homes, so all my web gear was in storage. So pockets had to be my go to. :)
Thanks for another excellent video, it pretty well reinforced my previous opinion of these two rounds !
I really miss Paul's videos. He was a very rare man indeed.
Pretty interesting. Thanks for this video.... Also, someone should “loop” the section of video where you fire the 62grainers into the dirt and turn it into techno dance hit... just saying.
Soda company: "Man we're selling these flavors like hot cakes, people must really like it"
ROFL!
Distributor in his area must have sales awards for the whole chain,😂
Must be Shasta
Now this is why i like your channel so much. I just got out of the Army myself after 12 years, and i’ve never asked myself this really basic question between the two kinds of ammo we used. Thanks!
What does 'Frater Contendunt Occulta' mean?
Things Paul Harrell doesn't tolerate:
Shasta 2L soda
Algebra
Fleece
Concrete blocks
Thrift store leather jackets
Rumors and innuendo
Things Paul Harrell does tolerate:
Firearms
Ammunition
Practical application of learned knowledge
Analysis
Watching this 4yrs after it was posted, I still laugh hysterically when you demonstrate how an A1 will definitely fire M855. Blahahahahahaha the face while firing into the ground lol.
This the most BY FAR comprehensive comparison I have ever seen between the 2 rounds .. I heard the best stability of the 55gr can be achieved of 1:9 while its 1:7 for the green tips .. thank you for the excellent insight
I’m actually very shocked how little of a difference in velocity between the 16” and 20” barrels
I knew there would be a difference, but I expected it to be significantly MORE difference. Next week we will film a comparison of AR's with 20" 16" and 10.5" barrels.
@@PaulHarrell, could you do the same comparison in this video but use a 24" bolt rifle vs 16" . Please and thank you!
Same here. I feel better about 16s now lol
CRANE was impressed as well.
I think his a1 just has a slow barrel and or loose chamber. Lots of his velocities out of it are slower. I get 3170 fps out of a del ton 16 inch middy with m193 federal. My 20 inch a2 build was getting 3280 with m193 federal. Both have nato chambers fwiw.
Thank you I almost bought the 62 grain just because I thought bigger would be better now I know they're both better LOL. For real I'm going to go with the 55 grain brass over the 62 grain steel case but wouldn't hesitate to buy the 62 if that's all that was around. Thanks again for my well informed decision.
Great video. It’s surprising how much one can learn from an experienced individual.
Would love to see AR-10 308 tests as this is my rifle, but I watch every video regardless. I encourage all viewers to support Paul's efforts by going to Patreon and donating a buck a month. You'll never miss the change & you'll feel better about always watching his videos. :_) I appreciate the amount of time it takes to set-up, clean up, and then edit the video each time. Thanks Paul for all the work.