The Bay of Kotor under Italian Rule during World War II: the Province of Cattaro
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- Опубліковано 28 лип 2023
- After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia the Bay of Kotor came under Italian-occupied Yugoslavia. Known as the Province of Cattaro (Provincia di Cattaro) it became part of the Governorate of Dalmatia, part of the Kingdom of Italy. It saw the Montenegrin Uprising (1941) and after the Italian surrender (1943) the region went to the NDH: the Independent State of Croatia. Learn more about the history of Yugoslavia during WW2.
History Hustle presents: The Bay of Kotor under Italian Rule during World War II: the Province of Cattaro.
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SOURCES
- War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945. Occupation and Collaboration (Jozo Tomasevich).
- Le Monténégro et l’Italie durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale: Histoire, mythes et réalités [e-book]: books.openedition.org/edition... (17-09-2022).
IMAGES
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
VIDEO
Video material from:
• Fronte Jugoslavo Front...
Fronte Jugoslavo Fronte greco
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Croatia during WW2:
ua-cam.com/video/lpou33h-KrU/v-deo.html
Slovenia during WW2:
ua-cam.com/video/75B7fO0jSrc/v-deo.html
Being Italian and having two uncles that fought for Italy during ww2 I always look forward to your Italy in ww2 vids. Thanks Stefan and enjoy your travels!
Thanks for sharing. Just returned from the Balkans again. This video was actually recorded a year ago 😅
One interesting thing, Bay of Kotor was dream of Italians for a long time. For example in London agreement 1915 between Italy and Allies, it was promised to Italy after end of WW1. Unfortunately for them it was given to kingdom SHS after WW1. Because most of people were Slavs background.
Thanks for sharing.
Most people on the eastern coast of the Adriatic are Slavic, not only Kotor. Italians at their biggest number were never more then 20-25%
As a Montenegrin living there, it's interesting to learn things like this.
Thanks for your response.
You mean Serb?
*as a a serb living there
@@mymusichellyeahCope harder chetnic
@@gludiousmaximus7918 Montenegrins and Serbs are two different ethnic groups.
I've been there, must be one of the most beautiful places in Europe in my oppinion.
I loved climbing the steep stairs going on the top tower and also the architecture in the lower town with its ancient church
Thanks for your reply.
Thank you for this niche history videos, especially when you talk about Italy. Kotor was a strategic naval base, during ww1 it was the base of AH Cruisers of Admiral Horty
Thanks for your response.
Anyone who like niche WW2 history has found the right guy! My favourite of yours so far, the fact you walked up a mountain to do it too! Great work Stephan!
Bocche di Cattaro (bay of Kotor) was historically connected with italian history for a long time; from 1420 to 1797 the city of Perast was a naval base of the Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia (an italian state from 697 to 1797) with tour shipyards and had the honor and duty of guarding the war banner of the Venetian fleet…another important link(and political interest) with Montenegro was that of Queen Elena di Savoia (born Jelena Petrovic Njegos), daughter of Nikola I, king of Montenegro, and wife of Vittorio Emanuele III, king of Italy from 1900 to 1946 😉
Thanks for sharing this.
You forgot venice had wars with the city of genoa over the byzantine areas including Dalmatia...
@@HistoryHustle Kotor became one of the major cities in Serbian medieval states in 1042. during Vojislavljević dinasty.
During 15. century Serbian people was divided in 2 states than in 3 states. Bosnia(that was independent) Serbian despostate that was vassal than indepedent, and Zeta that broke up from Moravian despostate after fall of Smederevo in 1459.
Moravian Serbia fell in 1459. Bosnia fell in 1463. and Zeta fell 1496.
Moravian Serbian despostate sold Kotor in 1420. sold bay of Kotor to Venice so they could finance defense from Turks. But eventually Eastern Serbia fall in 1459. when Smederevo fell.
Fashist Italy wanted to gain all their historical lands including colonies of Venice and Genoa.
@@simargl614 all true except Zeta and Bosnia weren't Serbian medieval states.
@@HistoryHustle Ladislav Napuljski je 1409. za 100 000 dukata prodals Dalmaciju zato što nije uspio od Žigmunda Luksemburškog preuzeti ugarsko-hrvarsku krunu.
Thanks Stefan. I did not know that Italy had lost so many men in ww1. A video about the Italian occupation of France would be interesting
Thanks for watching.
Yugoslavia had such a bloody and confusing war, which in many ways isnt over yet.
At the moment there is no fighting, but resentment is still there yes.
@@HistoryHustle Italians, German, Austrian, French, Turks, Atilla.....USA and Uk .... " resentment". ?????
Wow Stefan on-location again! Nice timing on this, we just took a look at a neighboring entity, the short-lived Tito-led Užice Republic. After being defeated, Tito and the Partisans morphed back into a guerrilla force and fled west into… Italian-held Montenegro.
Thanks as always for being on-location, at some point I definitely need to visit the beautiful and historic Adriatic coast
Thanks for your reply. I saw you video on the topic, very interesting. I just returned from Serbia but was too short on time to visit the area.
WOW! I’m literally in the car on the way to the airport for catching the plane to Dubrovnik tomorrow and then drive to Herceg Novi. Nice to catch up on local WW2 knowledge 👍🏻
Have a good trip!
WW2 knowledge covered HISTORY classes since 1946 in Yugoslavia...
I have learned more about World War Two by you than I did in school.
😁👍
Who school did you go? EDUCATION, class in 1946 in Yugoslavia
Great review Stefan 👍 have a fantastic weekend 🍺🍺🍺
Yes, you too Jesse.
Learned more again! Thanks, man.
Thanks for your reply.
Divine, thank you for climbing all the way up to get us that spectacular view, and then an interesting story too.
And you for your support!
Montenegro was seen as benevolent in Italy also because the Italian Queen consort of King Vittorio Emanuele III, was Elenea of Montenegro daughter of King Nicholas I and Queen Milena of Montenegro in addition to the historical roots that link it to Venice
Beautiful place. It has a wonderful Cat 🐈 Museum and more.
Yes! I did go there.
Niche pretty much sums up most my interests! Thanks for the video.
👍👍👍
Another fascinating episode shared by an excellent (History Hustle ) channel and introduced by respectful 🙏 Sir Stefan... thank you for sharing....good luck for you and best wishes....yes it was amazing introduction and amazing natural view
Many thanks as always :)
great video mate keep it up cant wait for the next video
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I love You're content HH!! I am always happy to see a new video! Much love from East Tennessee in the USA!!
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Each Saturday I look forward to your educational videos
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Beautiful scenery 😍 Thank you for climbing all the way up for the breathtaking view 😮❤
Nice tan 👌🏼 Joanne from Singapore 🇸🇬
Thanks for your reply, Joanne.
@@HistoryHustle My pleasure 😊
Love the videos.
Thanks!
i really appreciate the effort u make to create this amazing videos about stuff not alot of people know about thank you again ducth history teacher
Great to read 👍
@@HistoryHustle History covered in Yugoslavia 1946...
Thanks!
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great video about a very beautiful place. i was there for vacation in 2019.
Thanks! I was here last year. Recordings are a year old already. Just returned from Bosnia. Soon more content on that!
Very good. Gorgeous vista of the bay. BZ
😃👍
One of the most beautiful landscapes I have seen in this channel.
Obrigado, Stefan! ヽ(͡◕ ͜ʖ ͡◕)ﾉ 🍀 🇧🇷
Glad you liked it. Thanks!
Huh never knew this. Nice to learn about it
👍👍👍
It was Venetian until 1797 when Napoleon gave the area to Austria.The flags of Republic of Venetia are interred below the main church altar
Ok.
Thanks, Stefan. Very interesting for me as I had a friend from Brac. His mother was Italian as were his grandparents. Vicko spoke to them in Italian, however he felt that he was a Croat since his father was a Croat and he was born in Croatia. The Italians and also the invading Germans found it hard to believe that people of Italian or German origin felt Croatian as they viewed the Croatian culture as inferior. Certainly it was hardly a world culture and Croatian was not a world language in the sense of German and to some extent Italian. Yet the Croatian culture was able to assimilate to a great extent these peoples, both ethnic Italians and ethnic Germans. I am not sure how it actually worked, but I think it had something to do with the relatively thin spread of both Italians and Germans in Croatia. They were not numerous enough to form any sort of closed society. The children all learned Croatia and were on the way to assimilation when WW II broke out. Possibly other readers can better explain this, but this is more or less what Vicko told me. He considered the Italians and the Germans invaders. The fact that his own mother was Italian made little difference.
Let's say that it was "dangerous" to declare yourself Italian in Croatia, as it was in Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1960. The patriotism of Dalmatians and Istrians for Italy was something moving that touched the heart of which other Italians were not worthy. Dalmatia is an Italian land that centuries of barbarian invasions have made slaves.
Croatia was the interior of the region. Dalmatia wasn't Croatia. Austrian government supported the slavicisation of this region. There are so many forgeries in the Slavic historical texts that it is somewhat improper to call them historical texts.
@@giorgiodifrancesco4590 what a load of lies and falsehoods. The number of ethnic Italian speakers was always small in all of coastal Croatia even after 400yrs of Venetian occupation and sovereignty and few of those even would call themselves "Italian" except under pressure and threat by the fascists .
The irony is that if Mussolini didn't invade what wasn't Italian , Istria, Rijeka ,Zadar and the Doddecanese Islands near Turkey would still be Italy today. A good lesson for future and present dictators.
@@giorgiodifrancesco4590 for the last 1000 years Croats are majority on the east coast of Adriatic. At their biggest number Italians were never more than 20%. It will never be Italian, Dalmatia is an essential part of Croatia and it will stay that way. Last time you tried to occupy Dalmatia by force the woods started to speak Croatian.
@@TGSSMC Hahaha. How a pity that the stones spoke Italian.
All former colonies of Italy, from the Roman Empire to the Republic of Venice. History did not start the 1915 and has not definitely ended the 1945.
i hope you do a video about the knights of Arnhem during operation market garden
Not for now but will travel there one day to cover stuff on location.
Good little video on an obscure subject. take care.
Cheers!
Would you be intrested in making video about Dalmatia specifically about Zadar and Split and Rijeka under Italian occupation during WW2?
If I go there one day, sure!
Can you please make a video about the allied raids on Singapore? Opperation Jaywick and Opperation Rimau.
Not anytime soon. Have an older video on Singapore.
@@HistoryHustle OK. Thank you for your reply. Incidently there were two Australians rv movies about Opperation Jaywick and Rimou called The Heros and the Heros 2.
What a complicated mess it must have been in that region during the war. Thanks Stefan from Australia.
Thanks for your response.
Italian rule was preferable to the Ustaše.
Yes, I believe so too. Yet resistance did emerge.
To be fair, that's a low bar as the Ustashi in some cases made the SS look good.
we never forget destroyer zagreb in boka kotorska / 1941! next video perhaps? cheers ⚓
Feel free to explain.
Looks a nice place to go on holiday to.
Beautiful place yes.
resounding yes
Thanks for watching.
interesting, i was last year in kotor, beautifull city
Beautiful place yes.
Kotor was the best Star Wars game.
I had no idea the Italians annexed it in WW2.
I had no idea it had something to do with Star Wars.
@@HistoryHustleKnights Of The Old Republic. It's the name of a 20 year old video game
Het panorama gezien vanuit de Lovcenpas is onvergetelijk !
👍
Yugoslavia during WW2 was quite a (bloody) mess with all the different parties involved. All sorts of local groups fighting in shifting alliances with various world powers supporting different factions.
That's where it came down to.
What bloody mess, Atila Hunns Turks, German Italian France, USA and Uk.....who asked them .....
Warm, sunny, beautiful scenery and a deadly history..
I don't know why, but it reminds me of how Franco's opponents found themselves in Mauthausen.
Enjoy the Sun Stefan!
I'm frozen down here. 🙏🇦🇺
Thanks for your reply.
Top! From former Vichy France
Glad you found it interesting.
How about a video on the Italian occupation of Majorca 1936-1939
One day if I visit that place. Not anytime soon though.
About july 15th, what year!
Uprising was in 1941. German take-over in 1943.
History Hustler, I have a request. I recently met an elderly German gentleman with an Italian name. After a while I asked him the history of his name. Poor man blanched and with great difficulty told me how his parents and older siblings lived in the part of the tyrol formerly part of Italy. Hitler had returned it to Italy during mussolini's dictatorship. As a result all children born after the return to Italy of a previous German land, had to be take an Italian name. This family suffered much hardship, the father was sent to hard labour and the mother of eight children was left to fend for herself. I cannot find anything about this story from the 1940s. Could you please direct me. With thanks
Sounds interesting. Love to dive into it, but have not the time at the moment.
@@HistoryHustle at your pace. Bedankt
I am from italian Tyrol. My family was italianized. Now I have an italian name and a german surname. Like many people here. At the time of my
grandfather was forbidden to be german and use german language. In Trentino nowadays the german language is simply disappear. In Südtirol instead was all preserved and 70% of the population is speaking german at home. In my case I had to learn german at school and when I decided to live in Südtirol. Now I have a son and I gave him a german name. Discovering that my father didn't know that my grandfather was ethnic german is really sad. After war he simply forgot his roots to don't have any kind of problem. Now? I am happy to teach
the full history of my son. He has this crazy situation on my side and another sad history on his mother's side. Why? Because my wife is from Wolyna (the ex polish east, now Ukraine). Her family were involved into crimes of the red army (her grandfather was killed just because polish functionar and the family was moved to Kazakhstan into a gulag). She was able to return into Poland
like ethnic polish just after 22 years of life. For sure our son will have a really particular history to teach around.
@walsch80 thank you so much for your post. I found your story extremely interesting, especially the details and ramifications across the generations. The gentleman I refer to in my post is 88 years old and still so traumatised by this event that had occurred before his birth. I certainly did not expect such a harrowing story when I asked about the origin of his Italian name, something I am used to being asked as I was born in the Netherlands and the Dutch alphabet does/did not have the letter Y when I was born, and the name is still very rare outside of South America. Once again, I very much appreciate your time and effort.
@@walsch80 Interesting, I was not aware of the German speaking community in the Trentino - obviously much smaller than in South Tyrol.
Do you like " niche" ww2 history? Yes please!
🤓👍
greetings, are you going to make a video about Croatian and Muslim collaborationist formations in the area of Yugoslavia in the Second World War, such as "Ustasha soldier", you already made a video about NDH, but you did not touch on the topic of military formations on the side of the Nazis, I'm from that region and I know a lot of things that may help. they were: Ustaška vojnica, domibranstvo, lot of mislim milicions grups (mislim who Want bigger atonomy in NDH were sugested Hitler to made "bosanki gardu", who would be under wermatch controle, in witch would fight all muslim From ustaška vojnica and regular Croatian force "domobranstva" and mislim para-millitary groups - muslim milicions (one of that muslim groups become SS legion "crempler", Germans did't like that Idea, but Himler did't sugested Hitler to made SS divisons of muslim From NDH), 3 Croatian legionary divisions were formed (devil, blue and tiger), they were formed so that all officers, non-commissioned officers and other senior staff were Germans and ordinary Croatian recruits, the units were designed to have about 15,000 soldiers (5,000 Germans and 1,000 Croats). They were also 2 Muslim SS divisions ("handzar" and "kama" which was never fully formed), you also made a video about Croatian good soldiers on the eastern front, but there were 2 more units, just salted by Croatian pilots who fought for the Luftwaffe, and the other was salted by Croatian sailors who fought on the Black Sea for the Crix Marine against the Red Army. Also they were police force ("hrvatsko oružarstvo" or "žandarmerija), also in 1944 at the end of war and ustasha rule, NDH Government decided to unite ustašku vojnici i domobranstva and police forces in one forantion called HOS (Croatian armed force - Hrvatske oružane snage), so they better comande sistem. That Is what i know (i'm prety sore, that there is no Any other formation), thank you for your work on cahnell, i have learned a lot of thing.
Kep doing wonderfull Job Man👍
Today.
@@HistoryHustle realy? Today?
It always amazes me how people can be so violent amid such natural beauty.
Crazy times...
Picture at 5.55 is showing MVAC from Slovenia not from Montenegro.
Sharp. I stand corrected.
It is a rare opportunity to correct such a knowledgeable man. I am a Slovenian, currently on vacation in Montenegro. Love your videos.
Please note that Spalato and Cattaro are pronounced in Italian with a stress on the first syllable.
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Italy got South Tyrol 1918
Ok.
It sure would have been working better under Italy even today
It works fine now.
Oh yeah, I love Star Wars KOTOR.
😀👍
If we zoom out history: Kotor / Cattaro came again under Rome control, hundreds of years after the Slavic occupation? :-)
Nope.
In my opinion..you are more than a niche..in the dispensation..of.."Military History.."Professor"!!
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Hi Stefan, I'm afraid international viewers are only interested in videos if the title contains the words "Italy" and "switch"
Really?
I want to move to Italy but I'm afraid they'll go crazy again. 😆 🤣 😂
Think you ll fine :)
Most Italians forgot they play a crucial role in montenegro as a Nation
Not sure how many Italians don't know about it, but you could be right!
Italy latching on to Germany and being so arrogant, thinking Dalmatia belongs to them. Come try get it.
The name of the city is Càttaro, not Catàro. Spàlato, not Spalàto. Your explanation is too much pro-Slavic. If the interior of the Balkan peninsula had been completely Slavicized for centuries, the Dalmatian coast was only partially Slavicized. Many coastal towns had maintained their Romance dialect until quite recently. In others, Venetian language was prevalent until the fall of the Venetian Republic (1797). The situation changed only in the 19th century, with a real Slavicization of the coast. According to the Slavs (and you only heard their bell), they have always been there , even Marco Polo was called Marko Polo and Pinturicchio was called Pinturic. Instead, the Slavs have certainly been around for hundreds of years, but before they were the country servants of the native inhabitants. Now, they say they built it all themselves (the true natives). Which does not explain why in the interior of the peninsula they were only able to build poor buildings or bad copies of Austrian and Turkish architecture. When archaeologists discover cities of classic Slavic vegetable huts on the coast, they will be right.
Actually croats were always majority in dalmatia...since dalmatian croats are ancestors of illyrians, skyths and goths, they builded the towns on the coasts, while italians are ancestors of arabs, africans, Maltese, north africans etc...actually most italian cities were build by arabs in the south and by austrians and french in the norths, there are also some Roman buildings...
@@barmajutta-oj8td Maybe, the English/Nothing vocabulary that you have doesn't know that "ancestor" doesn't mean "descendant". However, in Dalmatia, you haven't built a damn thing. At most, someone passed the mason jar to the true masons and turned the lime.
However, I don't see your beautiful thatched roofs set over holes in the ground. Perhaps, your ancestors forgot to make them? It was more common to occupy other people's stone houses.
@@barmajutta-oj8td Let's try to assume you're right. your ancestors (not descendants) were Dalmatians (therefore, Latinized ones, who should have spoken a Neo-Latin vernacular in the Middle Ages); they were also Goths (who should have spoken a Germanic language) and they were also Scythians (who spoke an Indo-Iranian language). So why do you speak a South Slavic language? Small short.
You can say: "Dalmatic neo-Latin never existed". So this must be an invention of Jirecek 🙂 I undestand and you can't.
"A ser Pon, unurivol canciler de Ragusa. Todru de Fomat de Çara saluduvi con oni nostru unur. A mi fo ditu, qui lu frar de maistru Nicola murar sì dimanda rasun nanti la curti de Ragusa contra Franciscu, meu fiiol, de soldi XX de grossi, li qual avia dat maistru Nicola a Franciscu per durli a mi. Undi posu dir cun oni viritat, qui·l frar de maistru Nicola nun fe ço qui·l divia e fe vilania a far tal dimandasun a Franciscu, qui plu unur e rasò ·l mandar a mi una litera, dimandandumi qui e di quili soldi XX de grossi, qui-l manda maistru Nicola per Franciscu. E s·eu nu li avisi ditu la viritat, poi nu li mancava de dimandar de Franciscu, ma eu sì lu do a savir a voi. Franciscu meu fiol a mi sì dusi soldi XX de grossi cum una litera, li qual denari e la litera a mi mandava maistru Nicola, e prigandu ... qui eu fesi lu meiu, qui eu pudis, qu·l avisi quila casa, e quili soldi XX de grossi eu desi capare, e lu rumanent il mi volia mandar come eu li sinificava per mia litera. Et eu Todru sì fei lu mircat de la casa e dei per capare li soldi XX de grossi e lu rumanent il divia ricevir infra VI misi, e si lu rumanent il nu mandasi infra VI misi, lu capare de li soldi XX de grossi si perdia. Et eu Todru, incontinent, com eu feii lu mircat, sl li sinificai per mia litera com eu avia fatu lu mircat e dat lu capare, com maistru Nicola a mi avia significat per litera sua, e qui s·il nu mandasi lu rumanent, qui·l perdia li soldi XX de grossi, e divia mandar infra VI misi, fatu lu mircat. E quistu posu dir cun oni viritat, qui maistru Nicola nu mi manda lu rumas de li denari nì litera sua, e s·il perdì li denari, so dan, qui eu fe ço qu·l mi manda pregando per sua litera. E ancora nu vardirò a la cativera de lu frar de maistru Nicola. Si tuti li fradeli de maistru Nicola a mi manda lu rumanent de li denari, eu faro a mia posa qui li abia la casa, e si nu la purimu avir eu li mandirò indret li denari, qui li mi mandirà.
In man de ser Pon, cançiler de Ragusa."
Its spelt Cattaro in english too... Not "kotor"
Now known as Kotor.
@@HistoryHustle Not really... the city in english for hundreds or years has been known has Cattaro in english, just as we call Rome this way and not Roma, politically correctness wont change this
Still dukla to meeeeeee
@@MattiavonSigmundit’s Montenegrin now, it was Montenegrin long before Charlie stepped foot in our bay…
Take it from us, it’s Kotor 😊
The headline differs from the video , a kind of lying , nearly nothing about kotor
Please explain.
Let's say that 400 years of Venetian domination and (protection) against the Turks have value or not?
Your point?
Venice isn’t as Italian as you Italians think it was.
Thanks!
Hi Jesse, thank you so much.