If we could one day harness the immense energy from black hole jets, what kind of technology or advancements do you think would be required to make it possible?
Maybe hubs for interstellar travel. Harnessing all that energy and pointing it at other hubs opens the wormhole. Letting us travel between these galactic hubs however fast that tunnel goes.
I do not know, but my friend AI ;) suggested such technologies: Harnessing energy from black hole jets would be one of the most ambitious technological undertakings imaginable. Black hole jets, particularly those produced by supermassive black holes, eject immense amounts of energy in the form of high-energy particles, radiation, and magnetic fields. To harness this energy, several groundbreaking advancements would be required: 1. **Advanced Energy Collection Mechanisms**: Technologies capable of capturing and converting the immense energy of relativistic particles and electromagnetic radiation into usable forms. This could include: - **Dyson Swarm Analogues**: Massive arrays of energy collectors positioned in orbits around the black hole or within the jet stream. - **Plasma Converters**: Devices capable of handling and converting ultra-relativistic plasma and synchrotron radiation into electricity or other usable energy forms. 2. **Extreme Material Science**: Materials able to withstand the extreme conditions near a black hole, including: - Intense radiation (gamma rays, X-rays). - High magnetic fields and temperatures. - Particle bombardment at nearly the speed of light. 3. **Precision Navigation and Positioning**: The ability to position and stabilize structures in a region with immense gravitational gradients and chaotic magnetic fields would require: - Autonomous AI navigation systems. - Highly precise thrusters or gravitational countermeasures. 4. **Black Hole Orbiting Infrastructure**: Stations or satellites in stable orbits close to the black hole would act as relay points to manage and transmit energy. These would need to: - Avoid being pulled into the event horizon. - Withstand the tidal forces and time dilation effects. 5. **Energy Transmission Systems**: Mechanisms to transmit the harvested energy back to locations where it can be used, possibly involving: - **Beam Energy Transmission**: Directing energy in the form of laser or microwave beams. - **Quantum Entanglement for Instantaneous Transmission**: If quantum communication could be scaled for energy transfer. 6. **Magnetic Field Manipulation**: Since jets are largely driven by magnetic fields and relativistic particles, advanced magnetic manipulation could be used to direct or optimize energy extraction. 7. **Astrophysical Understanding and Simulation**: Enhanced understanding of jet dynamics, black hole physics, and magnetic field interactions through simulations and observations, leading to better predictive and operational models. 8. **Planetary or Solar System-Level Infrastructure**: Given the distances and scales involved, a networked infrastructure that spans the solar system might be necessary to monitor, manage, and distribute the energy. 9. **Robust Safety Protocols**: Contingencies for managing potentially catastrophic failures, such as jet misalignment or energy surges that could sterilize entire regions. Such an endeavor would represent a civilization capable of operating on a Kardashev Type II or III scale, utilizing or manipulating energy on the scale of stellar or galactic phenomena. It would not only require immense technological ingenuity but also the capacity to marshal resources and coordinate on a cosmic scale.
I'm not 100% sure that it's possible, but I think we could create something like a dyson sphere around the black hole that absorbs the jets as they are shot out.
Oh! I never thought about it like that. We're all being drawn to the center of our own galaxy so will every galaxy become a black hole. Is that how it ends? Not one big crunch, but trillions of smaller ones?
He mentioned in the video that it likely isn't emitting so much today because it will have devoured most everything in its vicinity. So it's bigger "now", but not necessarily brighter.
@@CaptainCanuck68 Well, technically they won't "lose their energy". The total sum of energy + mass in the universe will remain (barring some being lost to beyond our universe - this is a whole other rabbit hole😁). You are correct in that SpaceTime will have spread so far apart, with it's constituent E & M, that the photons will be less & less likely to interact. It will be a vast universe of thinnest-possible soup of photons. Shiny day to y'all :)
We stand on a time machine when we look up at night. None of the constellations that we've known for all of our existence are actually there, most of their constituent stars long dead. Our night sky is a picture of the deep past and it hides totally the present.
I wish the space science community would actually post pictures and hard evidence of their findings instead of just saying they discovered things. Billions or dollars funded for space research, but they can’t even share some high quality pictures for everyone to access easily. Like make a webpage or something
@ an actual and visually improved pictures of you know, everything we can see in the universe. They share like a few pictures of the cosmos from James Webb, that I can Google and that’s it. Like share some more god dammit, am I right? And visually improve that 1 black hole image at least, I’m not even convinced that’s a real black hole. That image could be recreated from any planetary body covering a star, if taken at the right angle… am I right or am I wrong? They’re bullshitting us, they’re taking all that government money and doing nothing.
Well it's so far impossible for us to know what it's doing right now so we're kind of watching the race in reverse order, surely we'll see a bigger jet in the future, er, past.
Maybe we live on what is left of the accreation disk. Since maybe all that matter didnt makeit down the drain as Maybe the BH slowed its eating and thus the matter was able to clump back together into the new formations that we now see today. Or the BH at the center isnt one that consumes all in vast gulps but slowly over tens of millions of years.
You are amazing! I love it when it's just you explaining it. No extra "comedy." The interruption of people just degrade what you're saying. Keep doing what you're doing when you're alone.
And people still think they can fall into a blackhole after knowing that thing heats up everything that it pulls meaning it would incinerate anything that comes close to it. Don't believe films like Interstellar.
Black holes have always captivated my imagination, often keeping me awake as I ponder their mysteries. The vastness and enigma surrounding them are truly mind-boggling. So, it's incredibly exciting to delve into such an informative video! One of the most fascinating questions is about the largest black hole known to date-an object of immense gravity and scale. To truly appreciate the enormity of this cosmic phenomenon is to explore not just the size of the black hole itself, but its profound influence on the fabric of space and time.
Love this guy... breaks it down for us common folk.. I dont subscribe to much. Current count 4 subscriptions. You are #5. Wish i found you sooner... And you & co-host are funny... Uncle sharp edge. I still am laughing
The giant jets of black holes are among the most fascinating phenomena in astrophysics, showcasing immense power and complexity. These jets, often seen emanating from active galactic nuclei (AGN) or quasars, are formed by the interaction of a supermassive black hole’s accretion disk and its intense magnetic fields. As matter spirals into the black hole, not all of it is consumed; some is redirected along magnetic field lines and ejected at nearly the speed of light, creating collimated streams of plasma. These jets can stretch for thousands, sometimes millions, of light-years, influencing star formation, galaxy evolution, and the intergalactic medium. Understanding their anatomy spanning the central engine, relativistic outflows, and shock structures provides insights into high-energy physics and the role of black holes in shaping the universe. This ongoing research combines observations from radio, optical, and X-ray telescopes with advanced theoretical modeling to unravel the mysteries of these cosmic giants.
How about black dot? It gets so small that it loses two of the three dimensions! Wait, it loses all three since it's not a line. It literally only exists in time, doesn't it?
@@roichir7699 no. "Singularity" is what we call this thing which is basically a point. The amount of mass involved bends space so much that it has no measurable shape or size. "Black hole" is really a description of the event horizon; the area where light can't escape.
The Event Horizon of a Black Hole describes a spherical boundary in SpaceTime where light can no longer escape due to the Gravity Well formed as a result of the Singularity
So, if black holes consume everything, and nothing can escape them, how do the jets at the poles overcome the gravitational pull of the black hole? Also, if it were to eject anything, could it do it into another part of the universe, where it would be a white hole in that universe? Could you do an episode incorporating the theory behind white holes, too? Black and white holes are pretty fascinating, but also mind bending.
@a.thiago3842 put it well in another comment. To paraphrase: "The speed required to escape a black hole's gravity increases as one approaches the Event Horizon, beyond which it becomes impossible to escape. The explanation is complex, but basically the jets are emitted at near the speed of light, in gamma ray frequencies"
In the solar system if a particle drops its orbit it loose potential energy and gains kinetic energy. The total energy is conserved. What happens to particles - from the energy point of view - in an accretion disc?
Are elliptical galaxies more often than not clustered together and less colorful because they lost the bubble or Galatic atmosphere that it once had like spiral galaxies?
I feel like elliptical galaxies cluster together because they lost that atmosphere, which retains everything inside and repels other galaxies away like how spiral galaxies are usually more spaced out. I'm sure gravity plays a part somewhere in attracting and repelling as well. Idk just crossed my mind looking at a picture of both.
If you're referring to atmospheres as inter-galactic dust clouds, then yes it does have to do with the lost of it. Think of it as the galaxy using up all of its resources to make stars. At first, the galaxy just needs to wait til one of its stars explode to make new ones. But then as more and more smaller, redder stars are made, there will be less and less material available as these stars take forever to use up their fuel. So at some point you'll end up with only a ton of red stars and no dust.
The mind-boggling fact is that if the jets were the diameter of the earth, the Black hole that they are coming out of would be smaller than a single hair's width across!! That's how tiny that black hole is!! 🥶🥶
Serious question. We’re always told nothing escapes a black hole. Not even light itself. (And not even time?) So with that in mind, how can we understand and accept that this extra heat/energy CAN escape through the jets? Meaning, isn’t the black hole gravity strong enough to suck in the stuff escaping thru the jets? Thanks, chg7
The jets are not being emitted from within the Black Hole (ie: beyond the Event Horizon). They are emissions from close to that however, which explains why they are approaching the speed of light and can be detected in the immensely energetic Gamma Ray frequencies
0:36 how can anything fall “straight” in to a black hole when the space is curved and twisted around the black hole? All directions towards the black hole are technically straight but once an object gets inside the twisted space, isn’t its trajectory going to curve with the space?
if energy can't destroyed and black holes devour even light does that mean that the energy they radiate is equal to the supposed destruction of energy?
Mass and energy is added to them. The jets are a (relatively) small amount of energy released by the objects while they are being mashed and consumed, not the black hole itself.
I enjoy every single video from StarTalk; thank you for all the hard work. The way you explain to those of us who are not genius is much appreciated. Now for a question off topic. I love the shirt you are wearing in this video and wonder if you sell those? I would imagine many subscribers would buy one. 🥰🤗Thank You!
I'm 35 almost 36 and don't want to change career paths, but I want doctorate levels of understanding of astrology because it is by far the most fascinating subject I've ever been interested in. How do I do this without going back to school!!
X-rays are not in or near the visible spectrum. They're high energy/frequency between ultraviolet (near visible) and gamma rays (can break molecules and atoms).
Mhm, so energy and radiation are more accurate terms to describe the state of the first few moments of our universe's existence. Now I'm wondering a bit if there is any reliable unit of time to sensibly describe the progress of the big bang, and if it's possible that the inflation process was slowed down by the enormous gravity of the accelerated first particles and matter, and if it's possible that the formation of some galaxies was "slowed down" because of the enormous speed at which all its matter is moving. So is it possible that some of the very distant galaxies additionally appear to be younger because they live at their own rate? Anyway, I am grateful to Neil deGrasse Tyson for his constant sharing of thought-provoking insights.
Ok.... 1. the hole has what is effectively a spherical boundary (or rather - the boundary describes a spherical topology); 2. the Black Hole rotates, so the accreted E & M forms a disk in the rotational plane. Similar to stars, where gas clouds, dust, planets, etc) tend to accrete in the rotational plane
in case Dr Tyson reads my comment🤞, could you give us your thoughts on black hole stars? im dying to learn more about them, I saw a video by Kurzgesagt about them an I was immediately obsessed with the idea
My moneys on not everything in a galaxy goes round, some things have orbits that put them closer and closer to galactic center until eventually they fall in. It could be possible this happens to black holes at the early stages of galaxy formation and that's why the black holes at the center of galaxies are so large. Probably wrong but that's my two cent's
Heat from orbital velocity? I figure it's more like the sun and plasma-related forces driving the heating, like in the suns corona, which is far hotter than the surface. I hope I see computers capable of plasma simulations on cosmic scales in my life time. Which is like the 3-body problem to the power of infinity. We can't even correctly model a tokamak or smaller devices. It's total chaos! But there's also that paper on how accretion disks aren't smooth but are more like whispy tendrils, noisy, fluffy, and turbulent, also due to plasma-related forces. And we've witnessed AGNs turn on and off. That's not *just* a blackhole, that's a plasmoid! Just as stars are.
Question: Is this the black hole's current size, or is it the size it had 7.6 billion years ago? The size you described might reflect its state back then, but its current size could be different, or other changes might have occurred to this giant since then.
I don't think ''eating'' is the right metaphor, because it won't engulf everything around it. It has a limit where it's ''hungry tentacles'' can reach to. For example: if our Sun become a black hole right now, we wouldn't feel anything different, because the black hole has the same mass as the Sun.
If you mean a place where a planet could exist and support life, not likely. There's too much traffic of mass in and energy out, and the shear forces (difference in gravity over small distances) destroy most objects. It's kind of like crashing a massive superconductor into a nuclear furnace. Yes, there's a very thin locale where the temperature won't be the thing that kills you. Everything else around you will.
I've heard there may be tiny black holes the size of baseballs - or maybe I'm misinterpreting. Anyway, if there was such a black hole near Earth, would our planet be too big to be swallowed up?
Would we, on Earth, feel any effect what so ever were one of those far off jets impact on this planet? Could the faint energies influence climate through cloud seeding?
If those gamma rays could hit us, it would literally sweep out all of our atmosphere. We would be the ''microbes'' exposed on a harsh scenerio, ready to die right away!
Thanks, Big brother Neil for the scientific insight on black holes which I find is a complex subject to talk about let alone read about which I do off and on.
One of the things that's always puzzled me about our galaxy, and those we discover is their rotational speed. I wonder if we over value the constant of time. If mass were also considered as part of the space/time continuum if we wouldn't see consistency in some of our measurements. It as if we've disregarded mass entirely, but black holes show that space is inconsistent without mass.
Energy and Mass both exist and constitute reality in our SpaceTime. We have NOT "disregarded mass entirely", as evidenced by our finding (ta Albert!) of E = mc^2
Im neil degrase tyson And to convert eggs into Nosferatus youd have to divide an average Nosferatu (50,000g) by the average egg of 55g which would be approximately 909,091. Therefore you would have to eat nearly 1 million eggs to eat the equivalent of one Nosferatu, thats alot of eggs! You just got scienced!
Might be a dumb question but why does the accretion disc for a black hole, when I've seen it represented at least, go round the black hole then over the black hole? Tia just curious
Isn't it rather amazing that the accretion disk stayed so stable to produce such a narrow jet of that length? No significant precession of the jet for the billions of years it took to form such a long jet?
DO AN EPISODE ON STAR M31-2014-DS1. Failed supernova. Neutronization. Neutrino shock/revival.... This one just snuffed out didn't it? M31? 👍🏼 Great episode.
0:30 Neil, there has to be a geodesic that is available for incoming matter for it to “fall in” but there are many geodesics that surround the “black hole”
Question: many documents and reports say "that even though if you travel at the speed of light you can't reach more than the observable universe, in which a lot of galaxies and stars will be not discoverable. However. If you have travelled from Earth (A) to point (B) in space at the speed of light. And looking from point (B) to point (C) comparing to the view from Earth at the same point (C), should you see deeper in space? Because of the travelled distance (let's say you are using James Webb telescope).??
For what i know and even he says, you're the center of your galaxy, of your world. The ''draw distance'' would change taking into account where you're in the universe.
Travel is possible at speeds approaching C (the speed of light), and it is conjectured that some things (eg: tachyons) could travel at speeds > C, *BUT* only photons can exist *at* C. Hypothetically - if you were to accelerate your awesome starship all the way to C, at that point you would become Mass-less, and consist only of energy (light). To accelerate within our SpaceTime to a speed beyond C, one would face the dilemma of needing to 'hop' from < C to > C without ever actually being = C. Gnarly!!
@@hasaanhagler231 The speed to escape a black hole increases the closer you get to it. IT only becomes impossible to escape from it after getting beyound the event horizon. Those gamma rays are accelerated to a speed near of the speed of light, that's why. Of course, the explanation is much more complex, but that's the ideia for what i know.
The accretion disk is like a mexican hombrero. It covers the black hole. The stuff will only get stuck after it penetrates the event horizon. Around it there's the fotonsphere, where the light goes around the even horizon without falling into it, till the day it finally does. The jets passes above all of that.
Because they are not emitted from within the Black Hole / beyond the Event Horizon. They are emitted from the area proximal to the Event Horizon, and perpendicular to the orbital plane
If we could one day harness the immense energy from black hole jets, what kind of technology or advancements do you think would be required to make it possible?
Neil, you reacted to Terrance Howard's paper, would you react to mine on quantum gravity and P=NP ?
Maybe hubs for interstellar travel. Harnessing all that energy and pointing it at other hubs opens the wormhole. Letting us travel between these galactic hubs however fast that tunnel goes.
Such a good question
I do not know, but my friend AI ;) suggested such technologies:
Harnessing energy from black hole jets would be one of the most ambitious technological undertakings imaginable. Black hole jets, particularly those produced by supermassive black holes, eject immense amounts of energy in the form of high-energy particles, radiation, and magnetic fields. To harness this energy, several groundbreaking advancements would be required:
1. **Advanced Energy Collection Mechanisms**:
Technologies capable of capturing and converting the immense energy of relativistic particles and electromagnetic radiation into usable forms. This could include:
- **Dyson Swarm Analogues**: Massive arrays of energy collectors positioned in orbits around the black hole or within the jet stream.
- **Plasma Converters**: Devices capable of handling and converting ultra-relativistic plasma and synchrotron radiation into electricity or other usable energy forms.
2. **Extreme Material Science**:
Materials able to withstand the extreme conditions near a black hole, including:
- Intense radiation (gamma rays, X-rays).
- High magnetic fields and temperatures.
- Particle bombardment at nearly the speed of light.
3. **Precision Navigation and Positioning**:
The ability to position and stabilize structures in a region with immense gravitational gradients and chaotic magnetic fields would require:
- Autonomous AI navigation systems.
- Highly precise thrusters or gravitational countermeasures.
4. **Black Hole Orbiting Infrastructure**:
Stations or satellites in stable orbits close to the black hole would act as relay points to manage and transmit energy. These would need to:
- Avoid being pulled into the event horizon.
- Withstand the tidal forces and time dilation effects.
5. **Energy Transmission Systems**:
Mechanisms to transmit the harvested energy back to locations where it can be used, possibly involving:
- **Beam Energy Transmission**: Directing energy in the form of laser or microwave beams.
- **Quantum Entanglement for Instantaneous Transmission**: If quantum communication could be scaled for energy transfer.
6. **Magnetic Field Manipulation**:
Since jets are largely driven by magnetic fields and relativistic particles, advanced magnetic manipulation could be used to direct or optimize energy extraction.
7. **Astrophysical Understanding and Simulation**:
Enhanced understanding of jet dynamics, black hole physics, and magnetic field interactions through simulations and observations, leading to better predictive and operational models.
8. **Planetary or Solar System-Level Infrastructure**:
Given the distances and scales involved, a networked infrastructure that spans the solar system might be necessary to monitor, manage, and distribute the energy.
9. **Robust Safety Protocols**:
Contingencies for managing potentially catastrophic failures, such as jet misalignment or energy surges that could sterilize entire regions.
Such an endeavor would represent a civilization capable of operating on a Kardashev Type II or III scale, utilizing or manipulating energy on the scale of stellar or galactic phenomena. It would not only require immense technological ingenuity but also the capacity to marshal resources and coordinate on a cosmic scale.
I'm not 100% sure that it's possible, but I think we could create something like a dyson sphere around the black hole that absorbs the jets as they are shot out.
I adore when Neil exclaims "oh my gosh" 😊. Always makes me smile.
Neil is my all time favorite. My 83 year old mind is still an outer science nerd.
What makes this haunting is that what we see of this black hole is what it looked like 7.5bil yrs ago. Who knows what monstrosity it is now.
Oh! I never thought about it like that. We're all being drawn to the center of our own galaxy so will every galaxy become a black hole.
Is that how it ends? Not one big crunch, but trillions of smaller ones?
Eventually all that's left are photons spreading further apart until they lose their energy.
He mentioned in the video that it likely isn't emitting so much today because it will have devoured most everything in its vicinity. So it's bigger "now", but not necessarily brighter.
@@CaptainCanuck68 Well, technically they won't "lose their energy". The total sum of energy + mass in the universe will remain (barring some being lost to beyond our universe - this is a whole other rabbit hole😁). You are correct in that SpaceTime will have spread so far apart, with it's constituent E & M, that the photons will be less & less likely to interact. It will be a vast universe of thinnest-possible soup of photons. Shiny day to y'all :)
We stand on a time machine when we look up at night. None of the constellations that we've known for all of our existence are actually there, most of their constituent stars long dead. Our night sky is a picture of the deep past and it hides totally the present.
Such a pleasure to listen to Star Talk.
I opened UA-cam the moment you posted ♡︎ you guys are amazing and I look forward to each and every video
As it should be ;-P
As always, I could listen to you for hours, if not days.
This is something I wish they taught in school when I was in high school.
I wish the space science community would actually post pictures and hard evidence of their findings instead of just saying they discovered things. Billions or dollars funded for space research, but they can’t even share some high quality pictures for everyone to access easily. Like make a webpage or something
@@FlashRyu high quality pictures of what exactly?
@ an actual and visually improved pictures of you know, everything we can see in the universe. They share like a few pictures of the cosmos from James Webb, that I can Google and that’s it. Like share some more god dammit, am I right? And visually improve that 1 black hole image at least, I’m not even convinced that’s a real black hole. That image could be recreated from any planetary body covering a star, if taken at the right angle… am I right or am I wrong? They’re bullshitting us, they’re taking all that government money and doing nothing.
@@biggamer4113 ^
@@FlashRyu - Why so angry? NASA has an extensive presence online. Do some browsing. Say - Elon, is that _you?_
3:58 you forgot one 0
0 - here take mine.
A new record, set some 7 billion years ago. I see.
Had to wait for the radar gun to calibrate.
Aye, from our perspective. By definition - it's *as we are recording it now*
Well it's so far impossible for us to know what it's doing right now so we're kind of watching the race in reverse order, surely we'll see a bigger jet in the future, er, past.
I could listen to him talk all day.. I love learning
2:50 the strong magnetic fields helping the jets form
Thank you. I was going to say it, but decided to check the comments first.
I didn't know QUASAR was an acronym
Same here
I found out a few days ago that the word Laser is an acronym 😂 thought it was just a word.
So that's what Dr. Vegapunk says at the end of this sentences!
It's not an acronym, just an abbreviation of quasi-stellar.
So... does that 1:57 mean that we live on the accreation disk?
I was just thinking the same thing.
Pleasee someone answer, i can't stop thinking about that
Why do we see no accretion disk coming from our galaxy, or Andromeda or any other galaxy for that matter?
@@vcvortex6356 i think he meant that the galaxies themselves are the accreation disk of the supermassive black hole in the center
Maybe we live on what is left of the accreation disk. Since maybe all that matter didnt makeit down the drain as Maybe the BH slowed its eating and thus the matter was able to clump back together into the new formations that we now see today. Or the BH at the center isnt one that consumes all in vast gulps but slowly over tens of millions of years.
You are amazing! I love it when it's just you explaining it. No extra "comedy." The interruption of people just degrade what you're saying. Keep doing what you're doing when you're alone.
Does the size of the jets determine the size of the black hole?
Other way around
Overly simplified: the scale of total E+M entering the Black Hole determines the scale of the jets
And people still think they can fall into a blackhole after knowing that thing heats up everything that it pulls meaning it would incinerate anything that comes close to it. Don't believe films like Interstellar.
Neil, you are the greatest.
Fascinating as always! ❤❤❤
Black holes have always captivated my imagination, often keeping me awake as I ponder their mysteries. The vastness and enigma surrounding them are truly mind-boggling. So, it's incredibly exciting to delve into such an informative video! One of the most fascinating questions is about the largest black hole known to date-an object of immense gravity and scale. To truly appreciate the enormity of this cosmic phenomenon is to explore not just the size of the black hole itself, but its profound influence on the fabric of space and time.
Love this guy... breaks it down for us common folk..
I dont subscribe to much. Current count 4 subscriptions. You are #5. Wish i found you sooner...
And you & co-host are funny...
Uncle sharp edge. I still am laughing
The giant jets of black holes are among the most fascinating phenomena in astrophysics, showcasing immense power and complexity. These jets, often seen emanating from active galactic nuclei (AGN) or quasars, are formed by the interaction of a supermassive black hole’s accretion disk and its intense magnetic fields. As matter spirals into the black hole, not all of it is consumed; some is redirected along magnetic field lines and ejected at nearly the speed of light, creating collimated streams of plasma. These jets can stretch for thousands, sometimes millions, of light-years, influencing star formation, galaxy evolution, and the intergalactic medium. Understanding their anatomy spanning the central engine, relativistic outflows, and shock structures provides insights into high-energy physics and the role of black holes in shaping the universe. This ongoing research combines observations from radio, optical, and X-ray telescopes with advanced theoretical modeling to unravel the mysteries of these cosmic giants.
Yes, correct 👍
Great episode!
quick question : is Black Sphere a better description
Yes. 'Black Hole' was a derogatory term taken on by physicists as the term for a black sphere
How about black dot? It gets so small that it loses two of the three dimensions!
Wait, it loses all three since it's not a line. It literally only exists in time, doesn't it?
It moves, it radiates, and it changes.
It increases entropy
And it's not really black so much as it's anti-white.
Much love to everyone in the making of this video and to those watching
And I love you, random citizen!
What do black holes look like in 3D? Are they orbs or are they flat?
They have no definition, only black circle from every direction
@@thekaxmax So basically a sphere.
@@roichir7699 no. "Singularity" is what we call this thing which is basically a point. The amount of mass involved bends space so much that it has no measurable shape or size. "Black hole" is really a description of the event horizon; the area where light can't escape.
The Event Horizon of a Black Hole describes a spherical boundary in SpaceTime where light can no longer escape due to the Gravity Well formed as a result of the Singularity
I think I’ve asked this on literally every black hole video on this platform, lol. I still have no answer I can compute.
So, if black holes consume everything, and nothing can escape them, how do the jets at the poles overcome the gravitational pull of the black hole? Also, if it were to eject anything, could it do it into another part of the universe, where it would be a white hole in that universe? Could you do an episode incorporating the theory behind white holes, too? Black and white holes are pretty fascinating, but also mind bending.
@a.thiago3842 put it well in another comment. To paraphrase: "The speed required to escape a black hole's gravity increases as one approaches the Event Horizon, beyond which it becomes impossible to escape. The explanation is complex, but basically the jets are emitted at near the speed of light, in gamma ray frequencies"
@CheeseWyrm ahhh, that makes sense. Thanks for that!
In the solar system if a particle drops its orbit it loose potential energy and gains kinetic energy. The total energy is conserved. What happens to particles - from the energy point of view - in an accretion disc?
Similar. Our Solar system derives from a star (Sol) and its accretion disk. Also, there are more types of energy at play in these complex systems.
Neil want to come to my wedding?
That would be so cool if he did!
I do
Me 2
If Neil can not attend your wedding. I would be happy to take his place 😂
Yall I asked first back off 😤
Are elliptical galaxies more often than not clustered together and less colorful because they lost the bubble or Galatic atmosphere that it once had like spiral galaxies?
I feel like elliptical galaxies cluster together because they lost that atmosphere, which retains everything inside and repels other galaxies away like how spiral galaxies are usually more spaced out. I'm sure gravity plays a part somewhere in attracting and repelling as well. Idk just crossed my mind looking at a picture of both.
If you're referring to atmospheres as inter-galactic dust clouds, then yes it does have to do with the lost of it. Think of it as the galaxy using up all of its resources to make stars. At first, the galaxy just needs to wait til one of its stars explode to make new ones. But then as more and more smaller, redder stars are made, there will be less and less material available as these stars take forever to use up their fuel. So at some point you'll end up with only a ton of red stars and no dust.
6:10 Neil didn't say "Bada Bing"... I feel so sad 😢
I was sad to
I watched this video with X-ray specs on 😎
Daddy God infinite wisdom never cease to amaze me! great video! really enjoyed it!
You are much better by yourself!
The mind-boggling fact is that if the jets were the diameter of the earth, the Black hole that they are coming out of would be smaller than a single hair's width across!! That's how tiny that black hole is!! 🥶🥶
Mind=blown
Do all accretion disks spin in the same accretion
No
if you look at it from the other side, it spins in the opposite direction
If you look from the southern hemisphere they spin in the opposite direction.
Please re-phrase the question. As it is it makes no sense :) Did you mean direction??
Serious question. We’re always told nothing escapes a black hole. Not even light itself. (And not even time?) So with that in mind, how can we understand and accept that this extra heat/energy CAN escape through the jets? Meaning, isn’t the black hole gravity strong enough to suck in the stuff escaping thru the jets? Thanks, chg7
The jets are not being emitted from within the Black Hole (ie: beyond the Event Horizon). They are emissions from close to that however, which explains why they are approaching the speed of light and can be detected in the immensely energetic Gamma Ray frequencies
black holes scare the crap out of me. how can something be everything and nothing at the same time.
idk but they taste pretty good with chili
Nice shirt!
Neil deGrasse Tyson
Thank you for your explanation.
0:36 how can anything fall “straight” in to a black hole when the space is curved and twisted around the black hole? All directions towards the black hole are technically straight but once an object gets inside the twisted space, isn’t its trajectory going to curve with the space?
It will depend on its vector of approach, angular momentum, etc
So how far away could you physically feel the heat of the accretion disk
How long is a piece of string? ;)
if energy can't destroyed and black holes devour even light
does that mean that the energy they radiate is equal to the supposed destruction of energy?
Mass and energy is added to them. The jets are a (relatively) small amount of energy released by the objects while they are being mashed and consumed, not the black hole itself.
So what you're saying is it's like a hurricane, the eye of the storm is where it's calm and stuff can escape straight up ?
It's hardly calm, but by leaving "up" or "down" there's less stuff in the way.
The escape vector of least resistance is perpendicular to the orbital plane
I enjoy every single video from StarTalk; thank you for all the hard work. The way you explain to those of us who are not genius is much appreciated. Now for a question off topic. I love the shirt you are wearing in this video and wonder if you sell those? I would imagine many subscribers would buy one. 🥰🤗Thank You!
I'm 35 almost 36 and don't want to change career paths, but I want doctorate levels of understanding of astrology because it is by far the most fascinating subject I've ever been interested in. How do I do this without going back to school!!
Where was the ejection jets in the Kip Thorne black hole models?
Or is it that the energy from the jets is not in the visible light spectrum?
You mean the movie? If it's, if i'm not wrong, they excluded some things so it would fir the movie.
X-rays are not in or near the visible spectrum. They're high energy/frequency between ultraviolet (near visible) and gamma rays (can break molecules and atoms).
Black Holes have been observed emitting jets varying in energy from the radio frequencies & higher.
Neil, you rock! ❤ Peace
Mhm, so energy and radiation are more accurate terms to describe the state of the first few moments of our universe's existence.
Now I'm wondering a bit if there is any reliable unit of time to sensibly describe the progress of the big bang, and if it's possible that the inflation process was slowed down by the enormous gravity of the accelerated first particles and matter, and if it's possible that the formation of some galaxies was "slowed down" because of the enormous speed at which all its matter is moving. So is it possible that some of the very distant galaxies additionally appear to be younger because they live at their own rate?
Anyway, I am grateful to Neil deGrasse Tyson for his constant sharing of thought-provoking insights.
You blew my mind, as promised.
Thank you, it's been full of dust lately anyway. ❤
Have you seen the videos from Epic Spaceman? Aweome stuff
Ok but it's not really a hole, it's a sphere... so how can there be a disk??
Rotation? As in the Black Sphere😂 is spinning. Seems like that would do it. But I don't know, for sure, myself.
@McFlyOrPie spinning every direction at once where's it's "north and south"???
Ok.... 1. the hole has what is effectively a spherical boundary (or rather - the boundary describes a spherical topology);
2. the Black Hole rotates, so the accreted E & M forms a disk in the rotational plane. Similar to stars, where gas clouds, dust, planets, etc) tend to accrete in the rotational plane
@@CheeseWyrmthank you for this
Is there something similar to this , jets etc , on the micro proton level ?
Me encanta la bandera cubana que se asoma por detrás.
in case Dr Tyson reads my comment🤞, could you give us your thoughts on black hole stars? im dying to learn more about them, I saw a video by Kurzgesagt about them an I was immediately obsessed with the idea
Those are the Quasi-nova. It's very interesting!
Love your stuff It is always very educational and makes me think about science every day keep it up👍
Love from Germany
My moneys on not everything in a galaxy goes round, some things have orbits that put them closer and closer to galactic center until eventually they fall in. It could be possible this happens to black holes at the early stages of galaxy formation and that's why the black holes at the center of galaxies are so large. Probably wrong but that's my two cent's
He covers that
Black holes are by definition mysterious so aren't fully understood but I like the attempt here.
Heat from orbital velocity? I figure it's more like the sun and plasma-related forces driving the heating, like in the suns corona, which is far hotter than the surface. I hope I see computers capable of plasma simulations on cosmic scales in my life time. Which is like the 3-body problem to the power of infinity. We can't even correctly model a tokamak or smaller devices. It's total chaos! But there's also that paper on how accretion disks aren't smooth but are more like whispy tendrils, noisy, fluffy, and turbulent, also due to plasma-related forces.
And we've witnessed AGNs turn on and off. That's not *just* a blackhole, that's a plasmoid! Just as stars are.
Question:
Is this the black hole's current size, or is it the size it had 7.6 billion years ago? The size you described might reflect its state back then, but its current size could be different, or other changes might have occurred to this giant since then.
Is eating the right metaphor to describe the effects black hole gravity ? I mean that implies there is excretion somewhere doesn’t it?
I don't think ''eating'' is the right metaphor, because it won't engulf everything around it. It has a limit where it's ''hungry tentacles'' can reach to. For example: if our Sun become a black hole right now, we wouldn't feel anything different, because the black hole has the same mass as the Sun.
@@a.thiago3842 Yes, other than the loss of radiated photons (light), which would be catastrophic anyway
So does that means there could be a “Goldilocks Zone” within the accretion disc?
If you mean a place where a planet could exist and support life, not likely. There's too much traffic of mass in and energy out, and the shear forces (difference in gravity over small distances) destroy most objects.
It's kind of like crashing a massive superconductor into a nuclear furnace. Yes, there's a very thin locale where the temperature won't be the thing that kills you.
Everything else around you will.
I've heard there may be tiny black holes the size of baseballs - or maybe I'm misinterpreting. Anyway, if there was such a black hole near Earth, would our planet be too big to be swallowed up?
Big accretion disk energy
It’s a good joke.
Black holes need a new name
Would we, on Earth, feel any effect what so ever were one of those far off jets impact on this planet? Could the faint energies influence climate through cloud seeding?
If those gamma rays could hit us, it would literally sweep out all of our atmosphere. We would be the ''microbes'' exposed on a harsh scenerio, ready to die right away!
Do all blackholes have the same gravity pull regardless of the size or do they all have different gravity pull based on it's size?
The scale of their gravitiational effect is proportional to their Mass
@CheeseWyrm So the bigger the blackhole the stronger the gravitational pull?
Thanks, Big brother Neil for the scientific insight on black holes which I find is a complex subject to talk about let alone read about which I do off and on.
4:00 Psst, do you mean 100,000?
One of the things that's always puzzled me about our galaxy, and those we discover is their rotational speed. I wonder if we over value the constant of time. If mass were also considered as part of the space/time continuum if we wouldn't see consistency in some of our measurements. It as if we've disregarded mass entirely, but black holes show that space is inconsistent without mass.
Energy and Mass both exist and constitute reality in our SpaceTime. We have NOT "disregarded mass entirely", as evidenced by our finding (ta Albert!) of E = mc^2
Fascinating, a fenomenon of such huge scale is just sublime
Im neil degrase tyson And to convert eggs into Nosferatus youd have to divide an average Nosferatu (50,000g) by the average egg of 55g which would be approximately 909,091. Therefore you would have to eat nearly 1 million eggs to eat the equivalent of one Nosferatu, thats alot of eggs! You just got scienced!
Might be a dumb question but why does the accretion disc for a black hole, when I've seen it represented at least, go round the black hole then over the black hole? Tia just curious
the disc go behind black hole but the light is so curved that can see it
@SdSnatcher oooh, yeah that makes sense. that's incredible. Thanks for getting back
I spent a few minutes attempting to elucidate this to someone just a few days ago and I got the "huh" look.
Does that mean our galaxy is an accretion disc? Will our solar system eventually just be absorbed by the black hole?
That's an awesome poker shirt!
I always consider it like quickly squeezing something squishy, like mud.
Thanks Neil!🔥🔥🔥
Isn't it rather amazing that the accretion disk stayed so stable to produce such a narrow jet of that length? No significant precession of the jet for the billions of years it took to form such a long jet?
DO AN EPISODE ON STAR M31-2014-DS1. Failed supernova. Neutronization. Neutrino shock/revival.... This one just snuffed out didn't it? M31? 👍🏼
Great episode.
This man is a gift given to us from god
Exhausted Material is? (Element )
typo at 4:00 on the 100,000. it says 100,00. sorry for pointing it out but proofreading.
0:30 Neil, there has to be a geodesic that is available for incoming matter for it to “fall in” but there are many geodesics that surround the “black hole”
By definition, the photon sphere would lack any geodesic that enter or leave the photon sphere, according to theory.
Subtitles Bulgaria please
0:08 could it be like, because it's pulling in light and it's like refracting or something?
Question: many documents and reports say "that even though if you travel at the speed of light you can't reach more than the observable universe, in which a lot of galaxies and stars will be not discoverable. However. If you have travelled from Earth (A) to point (B) in space at the speed of light. And looking from point (B) to point (C) comparing to the view from Earth at the same point (C), should you see deeper in space? Because of the travelled distance (let's say you are using James Webb telescope).??
For what i know and even he says, you're the center of your galaxy, of your world. The ''draw distance'' would change taking into account where you're in the universe.
Travel is possible at speeds approaching C (the speed of light), and it is conjectured that some things (eg: tachyons) could travel at speeds > C, *BUT* only photons can exist *at* C.
Hypothetically - if you were to accelerate your awesome starship all the way to C, at that point you would become Mass-less, and consist only of energy (light). To accelerate within our SpaceTime to a speed beyond C, one would face the dilemma of needing to 'hop' from < C to > C without ever actually being = C. Gnarly!!
Black Holes are bigger than Diddy.
If Diddy has a jet, so can every Black Hole!
How am I just learning black holes have jets? I thought anything that fell in could never escape besides in Hawking radiation?
The jets aren't coming out of the hole itself. Energy is radiating away from the accretion disk.
@ but how? Shouldn’t the gravitational pull of the Black Hole prevent the ejection?
@@hasaanhagler231 The speed to escape a black hole increases the closer you get to it. IT only becomes impossible to escape from it after getting beyound the event horizon. Those gamma rays are accelerated to a speed near of the speed of light, that's why. Of course, the explanation is much more complex, but that's the ideia for what i know.
@ thank you. That makes sense
I've seen videos of jets shooting out of black holes but for some reason they're always in Japanese
What we can see is the black hole destroying itself by crushing itself until it gets too big to escape?
No wonder these things trip people out! 4:43
If even photons can't escape black hole gravity, how come the jet can?
Probably because of the energy of the accretion disc itself ..
The accretion disk is like a mexican hombrero. It covers the black hole. The stuff will only get stuck after it penetrates the event horizon. Around it there's the fotonsphere, where the light goes around the even horizon without falling into it, till the day it finally does. The jets passes above all of that.
Because they are not emitted from within the Black Hole / beyond the Event Horizon. They are emitted from the area proximal to the Event Horizon, and perpendicular to the orbital plane
Do black holes have a magnetic field from the accretion disc?
what happens once a black hole has devoured everything around it? Will it slowly start to shrink again?
Theory suggests that Black Holes can indeed experience evaporation
Neil I got a question for you. If the Big Bang was a singularity, then is it just a black hole?
Mr. Tyson who left their machine here on earth, and why. Machines🔶🔶 are about 50 ft long triangle shape.
neil when is new show season coming how the universe workssssss
"there's always a bigger fish" - Qui-Gon Jinn.
They're not really eating tho, they don't have teeth and tongues, what goes in and out of them will suppose to happen