Lung cancer (mechanism of disease)

This is a flowchart on lung cancer, covering the etiology, pathophysiology, and manifestations.
ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Compression of SVC
Family history
Metabolic / hormones
Cell / tissue damage
Structural factors
Medicine / iatrogenic
Infectious / microbial
Flow physiology
Immunology / inflammation
Signs / symptoms
Tests / imaging / labs
Environmental / toxins
Genetic / hereditary
Neoplasm / cancer
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Manifestations
Lung cancer
Abnormal proliferation of cells → lung cancer subtypes:
Non-small cell lung cancer:
Squamous cell carcinoma
Lung adenocarcinoma
Neuroendocrine tumors:
Small cell lung cancer
Bronchial carcinoid tumor
Tobacco smoking:
Associated with 80-90% cancers;
Risk determined by # pack years
Mutation in EGFR gene (15%)
Mutation in ALK gene (5%)
Mutation in KRAS gene
Uranium (mining)
Radon decay
Passive smoking (second-hand)
Asbestos
Occupations (arsenic, chromium, nickel, beryllium, silica)
Exposure to carcinogens
Environmental air pollution
Pulmonary scarring
Prior radiation
Pulmonary fibrosis
Chronic pulmonary infections (tuberculosis, HIV → PCP)
Cough +/- hemoptysis
Progressive dyspnea
Wheezing
Chest pain
Pulmonary symptoms:
Weight loss, fever, weakness (usually advanced disease)
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
Phrenic nerve palsy
Extrapulmonary manifestations:
Venous congestion in the head, neck, upper extrem.
Hoarseness
Dyspnea; diaphragmatic elevation
Impairs venous backflow to RA
SVC syndrome
Malignant pleural effusion
Dull on percussion, ↓ breath sounds
Considered incurable
Esophageal compression
Dysphagia
Obstructs airway
Lung atelectasis
Secretion stasis
Bacterial colonization → subsequent infection
Postobstructive pneumonia
Paraneoplastic syndromes of NSCLCs
Paraneoplastic syndromes of SCLCs
SCC → hypercalcemia of malignancy
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (Pierre-Marie-Bamberger dz)
Clubbing of fingers, toes
Swelling, pain in joints, bones
AdenoCa → thrombophlebitis migrans; nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Cushing syndrome (↑ cortisol)
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Lambert-Eaton syndrome
Cachexia, wasting
Thrombocytosis, hypercoagulability, DIC
Dermatomyositis
Acanthosis nigricans

[@pryn5116]

Thank you for concisely explaining this!

[@cheetahgoldenfire]

Outstanding visual and explanation!

[@zeel1748]

Hi! Could you please make a video on urinary tract infections?