Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Pathophysiology: Destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
Mechanism: Likely autoimmune or viral-induced.
Result: Decreased insulin secretion and impaired glucose uptake by cells.
Consequences:
High blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
Increased urination (polyuria)
Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
Unintended weight loss
Long-term complications (e.g., neuropathy, retinopathy)
Treatment: Exogenous insulin replacement therapy
T1DM (5-10%) is caused by insulin deficiency, which differs from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) which is caused by insulin resistance