Why F1 Engines EXPLODE
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- Опубліковано 4 лип 2024
- 🔧 Thanks to Scarbs for joining us once again! Go follow him on Twitter for F1 Tech news! 👉 / scarbstech
Formula 1 engines can go bang occasionally, sometimes just by grinding to a halt with some smoke. And sometimes pretty spectacularly, with a fair bit of fire.
And we saw this recently with Carlos Sainz in Austria. But what causes these failures?
Well, we’re going to wrap up the three most common failures - and explain how you can spot the tell-tale signs in a race. So you can know have a good idea about what’s gone wrong, before everyone else does.
Firstly, we’re not going to cover the hybrid stuff in this video - purely the mechanical bits about the combustion engine. And because they are so insanely complex, there are probably hundreds of different components that could fail. So we are simplifying it down to the three main areas, and they are:
Bottom-end failures, top-end failures and turbo failure.
So the bottom end is things like the crankshaft, rods, bearings and sometimes even the crankcase. Think of it like anything below this line.
Then there is the top end, and thats the stuff above that line. Pistons, valves, gaskets, the head of the engine itself.
Then the turbo, we know what that is…
But what’s most interesting about this is that the all show different signs after they fail, you can often get a good idea of which it is by hearing the failure, or even looking at the smoke coming from the back of the engine.
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#Ferrari #EngineFailure #F1 - Авто та транспорт
Rule of thumb:
Blue smoke: burning Oil, often Turbo failure
White smoke: Coolant evaporating, usually results in a new Pope
Underrated
😂
They have elected a new Pope!
😁👍
LOL
Thanks for the technical information. It will make me even more fun at parties.
😴
I am that person. Just now I bored my mates here in college because I accidentally began to explain VTECH.
More fun at *the* parties
@@bobbycheese22 I don't do parties
Y'all can come to my party anytime and we can argue about turbos vs superchargers lol
With Sainz this weekend, you could also see a lot of sparks coming out of the rear just as turbo really exploded, like burning metal sparks. It was quite evident that the turbo grenaded.
I'm leaning more towards a bottom end failure, the engine noise cut suddenly (not just a lack of turbo whine), there was very little smoke and you could see a violent disassembly from further forward. It would also explain why he couldn't put the car into gear to stop it rolling backwards while he hopped out, if your crankshaft has snapped then putting it in gear won't stop it rolling.
Reference:
ua-cam.com/video/SkNzqnKRDkg/v-deo.html
@@DjDolHaus86 That could be the case.
I think it was initially turbo failure but the explosion when he was already coasting out of the track was something else. I think it was electric fire exlposion caused by the fire started from the turbo failure. Spectacular one as well from the slow motion videos.
@@glue80 , yea, if the initial failure was also the thing that blew the side of lower the car off, that probably was not the turbo.
Could of been a knock-on effect from a turbo failure though.
@@DjDolHaus86 He couldn't put the car in gear because if I remember correctly the regulations tell that whenever a car stops on the track they have to leave it in neutral for some reason. For the engine explosion when I saw it on tv I immediately thought they blew the head but seeing the replay you can see a yellowish explosion from the exhaust which might have been the turbo shattering and then there's the orange explosion from under the engine cover which is quite high up in the engine and I think it might have been an exhaust manifold failure. In conclusion Sainz was pushing too much and the "DANGER TO MANIFOLD" warning popped up on the wheel hahaha
Welcome to scarbs channel guys!
Turbo failures also tend to result in an engine rich exhaust as fragments of the turbo blades exit the vehicle through the exhaust.
And we saw that with Sainz
in the spanish gp it was super obvious that it was the turbo for charles, you could literally hear it slowly going down and then exploding on the onboard, even charles noticed it himself despite all the noise around him.
So many F1 explainer youtube videos are filler with very little information. Driver61 is the best channel I've found by far at providing high quality, information dense explainers. Really nice work.
Check Chain Bear then. No one better at explaining technical stuff.
@@falinestixiaolong9691 Chain Bear is excellent, also KYLE.ENGINEERS
Great video as always. Interesting that in F1 the piston is considered part of the top end. It's always been considered part of the bottom end since it's inside the block.
I was going to say the same, it might have just been a script error. Anything below the head/block join is usually considered "bottom end".
Good video again!
Dare I say we need more big, old school, catastrophic engine failures? I actually love that this season reliability isn't a given, even for the top teams. RBR had their share of problems earlier on in this season, and now Ferrari seems to have some issues. And even when I love to seen them battle it out on the track, just the idea that the car could fail at any moment adds a bit of tension. I started watching F1 in the early 90s, when no race was over until the chequered flag. How many times did we see someone go for a certain victory, only to fail with the finish (almost) in sight? And by the way, back then I was a fan of Jean Alesi, who had his share of mechanical issues...
Agreed. Nearly perfect reliability is part of what made Mercedes' dominance so dull.
@@LivingDeadbeat mercedes still reliable as hell though
@@safwanahmed5592 reliable yes, but not dominant anymore. And while they seem to be improving, big question is if they can catch up with RBR and Ferrari without sacrificing at least some of that reliability.
@@WizardOfOss Considering how they've dominated I wouldn't be surprised if they do.
I remember seeing jenson button have a top end faliure right before the line. Said line would have given his first win (if I remember correctly)
Great video!
Only one small gripe. Pistons probably belong in bottom end as they're connected to the rods.
Thank you. This immediately bothered me as well.
Question, when Sainz was rolling off the track, there was a clear explosion that occurred under the cover. That looked more like a turbo breaking apart.
I was wondering who else saw that! I was really hoping for an explanation in this video. It was a big enough “bang” to crack the side of the side-pod open….
ya, if oiling failed heat would cause the housing to fail, shaft spins out of kilter and pow! compressed fuel/air + burning metal shards
Good point, but also none of that was a question.
And this is the engine which is fitted in the new LMDh? for 6 and 24h races in tne WEC and in the US/IMSA?Realy?
did I see roller main bearings? if so, I would love to hear more about those!
Same. This video covered general ICE failures. I want to know about those crazy bearings and other wizardry!
Keeps friction down
I am *pretty* sure that F1 engines of this generation use plain bearings for the mains and rods. And surely if roller or needle they wouldn't be of the design used for illustration, which is a more "heavy/slow" capacity, not high speed. The bearing assembly shown is not radially uniform, and would not support the loads equally during rotation. It's also heavy and bulky, two things that are anathema in racing engine design.
@@stemartin6671 afaik, plain bearings has the lowest friction the higher the oil pressure
@@ilham7345 no, roller bearings are very low friction in most conditions and can cope with less oil pressure or even just splash lubrication in some cases. They also hold the crank in position better as there isn't a layer of oil between the crank and bearing causing crank float.
Good idea of giving us information driver 61. Keep it up!
Great video, love learning more from this channel
Great explanation, thanks Scott & Scarbs!
Thank you. LOVE this Channel, LOVE the explanations and finally I love your guests from time to time with technical real life experiences explaining different situations. 🙏🙏🙃🙏🙏
thx for the video, so informative!
Thank you for the vid, Lord Jackson!!
Interesting... I've been a licensed automotive technician for a number of years, been in the trade for longer, as well as have built a couple of custom engines and I've never heard anyone refer to pistons as being part of the top end of an I.C.E. Everyone I've ever conversed with about the subject, even machine shops and automotive engineers, consider anything contained within the engine block to be bottom end (even though the pistons often stick above the deck when they are higher compression they are still mostly in the bore as well as connected and part of the rotating assembly). Perhaps There is a bit of a difference amongst the common agreement in either my western world vs. Euro nations or maybe between road vehicles/low level racing series vs. elite level motorsports such as F1? Can anyone elaborate for me?
I did think that was a bit strange. Top end equals above combustion chamber imo
Yeah, I thought bottom end was all the stuff that directly or indirectly mounts to the block: oil pick-up, pistons, rods, crank and all the bearings that are associated with those parts as well...
And the top end was stuff like the head, valaves, cams and etc on the engine
Just building an engine for myself at the moment and would agree with you I’d always heard of pistons being part of the bottom end
I have always heard the rotating assembly as being in the bottom end. Pistons, connecting rods, etc.
Someone, please get Scarbs a freakin mic!
Love this channel!
Ferrari engineers taking notes watching this video "Oh mo dio, olio!! I knew we were missing something. Quick tell the guys back at the factory to put that in ".🤦
Love the data!! This channel is always awesome at breaking down complex concepts to the layman.
Just a bit of constructive criticism, maybe consider a quick transition when moving to sponsors, as it is a bit jarring/confusing when moving from one topic from another without missing a beat. Not a big deal, for sure, just wanted to give my 2 cents. Keep up the great work!!
Thank for the explanation it helps alot, I am no racer but it changes how I think about my bike or car.
Spotting which engines were about to let go was part of the fun in 90s F1
Very informative video
Can we can more reviews on each F1 Race please?!?!? You guys make great content and do great content on F1 races, I need MORE content for each race covering all the controversies for each weekend. No one does it like you guys! Keep up the Great Work!!!
Marvelous! So educational. Now I want to look at more videos that break down different aspects of F1
Best compliment I can make 😌
Sainz was a battery failure or mguk or something electrical because it was exploding. With charle it was 100 percent turbo because we heard it from the on board the way higher whining after the turbo blew.
Amazing to learn all this
Makes a lot of sense, I remember seeing him hit the brakes almost immediately as the failure hit coming up the straight, light white smoke trailing after a few seconds, and as he came to a stop the bodywork popped and that must have been the turbo finally grenading which sparked the fire. Scarbs you're a legend as always.
Top notch graphics... Kudos to the editing Team
It would be fun to have the audio from each failure. But I guess it could infringe copyright or something.
Awesome work guys
Congrats
Pistons are part of the bottom end. They are connected to the rods and are inside the block. Not part of the top end, which is basically the head, and up.
Fucking hell that sponsor is such a scam. Owning a plot of land doesnt make you an actual lord
Why did you say basically the same what Graig Scarborough JUST SAID in his part?
And you even got it wrong with the oil smoke.
Oil => Blue smoke
Water => White smoke
These things should be caught at the latest in the edit.
Oil is typically black smoke, fuel is usually blue smoke.
"And if you're a Ferrari engineer, you might want to listen."
LOL, priceless.
Happy birthday Lord Jackson! Keep up the great content
I'm surprised you didn't mention the visible "pop" of the body panel when sainz's exploded. Brundle was impressed
Yes! Been waiting for this.
Love from South Africa
Did Scott and Scarbs get the exact same script on this one?
First time I like the Sponsor bit - as much as the video!
Happy Birthday Lord Jackson!
Well Done team!
Sky need an audio sample of Murray Walker excitedly saying "and he's blown a turbo!!!!"
Happy Birthday Lord Jackson Brooksby! Sainz was very unlucky this weekend. But we prayer things get better for him.
Please can you make a video about the importance of tyres? Compounds, how they affect the strat, how racers look after their tyres etc.?
In this video you showed a lot of smoke/fire that happened because of hydraulic failures. I know it isn't an engine exploding, so technically not the subject of the video, but if you are going to show 50 photos of hydraulic failure while talking about engines exploding; you'd figure it'd at least get an honorable mention.
I love this channel. Simplified for us simpletons. Thank you
However, established titles are not legaly recognized.... Custom? Maybe... But not legaly recognizable...
First picture of a "bottom end failure" at 4:07 looks like run away pre ignition melting through the piston. That appears to have liberated large amounts of metal that have bounced around and taken out an intake valve, but has continued to run for a decent amount of time after the failure. Always fun trying to work out what failed first when the driver keeps trying to drive after it has clearly got a major issue 😅
Interesting you consider pistons as part of the top end. I would say they're bottom end, but it's just semantics.
Found it weird as well. Bottom end as far as I'm concerned is anything below the cylinder head.
This guys a UA-camr, not a mechanic or engineer.
Crazy con rods, haven't seen that before. Nice
Well. Happy birthday Jackson
Here’s a question related to the Carlos Sainz’s breakdown: It was quite scary how he struggled to get out of the burning car as the car kept rolling backwards. Why do F1 cars not have an emergency handbrake to hold the car in such emergencies?
Fiery turbos were a thing in the 80's in F1.
Happy Birthday Jackson!!!
Happy birthday Jackson!
I think I would be disappointed if I got that gift for my birthday 🤣. Good video as always
Part literally spitted out from the exhaust when the failure initially occur and when he on his way to park the car right before he stop..his sidepod literally almost ripped when something suddenly explode inside and the sidepod cover literally catching the projectile from escaping further
👍👍👍💕 looking forward for the next one
Thanks 👍
Happy Birthday Jackson!
Good video
The FIA needs to do something about a handbrake system... because when Sainz tried to exit the car (WHICH WAS ON FIRE) and he couldn't because the car kept rolling that was EXTREMELY dangerous
Splitting hairs perhaps, but aren’t the pistons and connecting rods part of the bottom end, not the top end?
You make great videos, but the ads are too long! Oh well. Happy birthday Jakson!!
Totally disagree on Carlos' engine failure. This was clearly a conrod blasting through the block. In my 20 years as an engine rebuilder i never saw a turbo explode, sending bits though te bodywork. Also blue smoke in a lot of cases is a piston dying.
I think that it was a mixture of a turbo failure and a bottom end because I think that the turbo ruptured the oil cooling line to itself and the lack of oil caused a bottom end failure also.
@@BlackNitro99 turbos on these engines are hardwired, so I doubt it. Leclerc's DNF was clearly a seizing turbo though.
@@therealCelticVikingA 20 year engine builder calling a hard oil line, hardwired? Not saying you're not a good NA builder but how much experience do you really have with forced induction? Hard lines will fatigue crack, which will lead to a larger hole forming or a complete failure, which will cause low-no oil pressure, leading to a completely scrap motor. F1 turbos are also water cooled so it's also possible for a coolant line to rupture and for the engine and turbo to go that way.
For our editor's birthday, we got our viewers an ad.
A great example for bottom end failure was vettles red bull at the first Korean gp.
Was that the one where you could see pistons bouncing down the track? I loved that one.
What Sainz on one of his older engines in Austria? I know they tend to swap to the newest ones in the pool for power tracks, but older engines for handling tracks.
What sort of a track is Austria?
Driver61: "And then, the turbo... we know what that is"
Me: No, I don't know what that is.
It would be great to know which failure will cost a team the most amount of money/ what parts are usually scrapped vs inspected and rebuilt to spec!
From pure logic, I would imagine a turbo is the cheapest. You could maybe salvage very little from a top failure if you are very lucky, but probably not in F1, but a bottom failure would ruin the engine. This is just me being logical, and I am no mechanic.
The pistons are directly connected to the connecting rods that when are attached to the crankshaft make up the rotating assembly. The rotating assembly is in the shortblock, making this bottom end. Pistons are not part of the top end. Top end is heads, valvetrain, and cams.
i love how you tell the storie then you have another guy tell it and by god you then tell it one more time good way to get the time close to 10 min´s for those double add´s.
Thanks Scabs
I would have loved some audio examples for this one.
Are the engines frozen now or soon? If not mistaken, i thought I heard that performance is frozen, but reliability may be the only place P.U. manufacturers can improve. If this is correct, then i can understand why Ferrari would push as much performance out of the engine for this season, then legally work on the reliability.
Binotto already said this in an interview.
“We tried to push for pure performance. The engines are frozen until 2026 but can be touched to improve reliability.
The PU is fast, the reliability can be fixed later.”
Why didn’t you cover why Sainz’s car had that explosion? They replayed it in slow motion. Why would a turbo blowing lead to such a rapid fire and an explosion that blew apart the body panels?
If you look at the rerun closely, the moment Sainz goes into the run-off area, just above the yellow Shell, you'll see the bodywork cracking, immediately followed by fire.
Congrats Lord Jackson!!!!
There is no bearing in a turbo, no bearing can sustain those rpm. Instead there is a oil ring that do the bearing. And usually, this is where the failure happen, this "oil bearing" leak, and then one of two thing happen, either the turbo burst and bits of it goes into the engine air intake wreaking havock, or the turbo consume all the oil of the engine who end up failing due to lack of lubrification (actually a very common cause for low engine failure).
Pistons would normally consider bottom end*
Top end failure sounds like when you can't handle your drink. Bottom end failure sounds like when you have a dodgy curry!
hot hot hot hot!
Cheers from the Pacific West Coast of Canada.
Happy birthday Jackson
Hmm. I have bought some bottles of my favorite whiskey Laphroiag that comes with a square foot as in a bottle. Or at least used to come. So that makes me a Finnish-Scottish lord. Never thought about it like that.
Nice video. The old engine explosions with DFV's were sometimes quite dangerous. It lucky that no one ever got a piston, peace of cylinder head or a valve to their helmet's.. Remember an old documentary where williams was exporing one of their engines from early 80's and the piston had almost complete killed itself and they were lucky and happy that Keke was ok after that.. I think it was caused by a valve rocker that started the proses.. Then it lead to piston ring breaking and after that coming through the head and boring itself to fiberglass body they used back then.
the one time internal combustion engine decide to be external combustion engine
Nice. Explosions and fire are great entertainment.
Im getting to like engineering with Scott!
To add value to the race!!
This didn't feel very F1 specific, it all pretty much sounded the same as normal highly tuned car engine failures. Would love to see more on breaking down F1 ICE's. Those bearing pictures you shared looked crazy, nothing like I've seen on typical engines.
Maybe even a history of ICE's in F1? I've never been able to comprehend how they spun the old engines so fast.
@@TimPaddy The high rpm are mainly enabled by having very wide bore and very short stroke. this reduces piston speeds and the resulting g forces which destroy the engine. plus probably 150 details i didnt mention
the failures sound the same probably because they're still fundamentally the same components, only with much higher precision and smaller limits before catastrophic failure.
can we get a video on gearbox failures next?
it is quite refreshing to see this happen, I remember the early 90's where often, cars blew up before reaching the start line, others blew up on it... and then there were the spectacular high speed blowouts! I miss the 90's Formula one for one thing... unlimited shit....
imagine if they didn't have to make the engine last a quarter season, but could use one per 2 races or one per weekend...
they used to have qualifying engines they just used for qualifying a couple of races before they blew out.
with modern technologies and less focus on durability when it comes to pushing things to the limit... I am pretty sure they would go quite a lot faster.
Pistons are part of the bottom end, or shortblock, along with the crank, rods, and block (crankcase).
Top end would be heads and valve train
Oh, what a wonderful thing!
I'm pretty sure pistons are 'bottom end'. When you talk about rebuilding a 'bottom end', it's basically everything below the head gasket.
Happy Belated Birthday to Jackson!
Cheers!!
nice vid, but didn't we see parts flying off Sainz's engine and the covers being blown out? (in the replay from the rear/side of the car) That sounds like a turbo completely disintegrating, but the amount of FOD would indicate that it took something more with it?
What about MGU-H failures? How would you didtinguish those?
Only in F1 are the pistons considered part of the "top end". The rest of the automotive world considers the pistons, rods, crankshaft and block to be the "bottom end"
Happy birthday Lord Jackson!