Not to worry, nobody will be in trouble for handing over a tortoise. However if you get questioned from where did you get the tortoise? You can honestly answer how did you get one but submitting after knowing they’re illegal to keep as pets.
@@IndianStarTortoisesir i also want to give my tortoise to some good ngo but idk where to contact if you have any information about it then plss do share with me i live in kalyan Maharashtra so if u have any information about here then it will be really helpful
@@IndianStarTortoise will u help me i had a pet tortoise for 5 years but soon i knew it was illegal but i dont wanna hand it over because we made so many memories what should i do and should i feed my tortoise lady finger or bhindi??? and how to find if they are sick or not
Amazing informative video! There is so little proper info on this species on youtube, so a big thanks! I have got two starts at home and I feed them all types of leafy greens, dried flowers and grasses all your round. I was wondering about the Banana leaves and Elephant ear though. I’ve been told that those are poisonous or is that just the stern and not the leaves? Thanks!
Thanks for the kind words and supporting! Really appreciate it. Glad to know you are giving nice varied diet. I'm sure they are edible because I had asked a reptile vet about it. Though not sure about different types of elephant ears but the one I feed is the type people use to make "paatra".
@@IndianStarTortoise can you make a video about the preparation to do during the pregnancy of a star tort? I am thinking of breeding my pair and helping this species to increase it's population
Iam feeding Tomato's n Cabbage from last 3 yrs to my star tortoise and they are healthy. I watched in one video, they said that Tomato's are star tortoise favorite food.
Hello sir, thankyou for the information but just a doubt please clear if possible Can we feed carrot to an Indian star tortoise on daily basis? Please tell me so that I can nurture my tortoise well
Wild Indian Star Tortoises which are born in the wild are banned as Pets but Tortoises bred or born in captivity are legal. TLDR: Indian Star Tortoise from the Wild is banned but a Tortoise from a Breeder or most Tortoises available in pet shops are completely Legal
My tortoise only loves eating tomoto. Other than tomato he eats cucumber, bottle guard and green beans . Is it healthy or not. We have tried many different techniques but failed everything. He is very clever
Sir my baby tortoise likes eating the small mulberry fruit on the mulberry plant , is it good for them to eat that fruit ? Thank you so much for this informative video
Hello sir, I have been giving my tortoises small pieces of cuttlefish bone as calcium supplement once a week and they enjoy it a lot. Should I continue giving it to them or is it harmful for their health? P.S. They also get minimum 20-30 minutes of sunlight every day in the morning.
It can take few tries and some tricks to make them eat different food. You can check this video, it’ll be helpful. How to make a tortoise eat leaves? | How to change a tortoise's diet? ua-cam.com/video/kY66CM44qqE/v-deo.html
The place where we got her from said that she will survive only on beans, okra and moringa leaves. For the past month she has not been eating properly or moving. We tried giving her all of her favourite foods too but no response. Can you please help? Is it okay to give her corn/babycorn?
Beans are high in protein and carbs. We should only give them the things which are high in fiber. Start growing your own wheatgrass, you may also include jade plant, sometimes coriander leaves, and don't forget to sprinkle calcium powder made for reptiles on the alternate days, and give then vitamin powder occasionally.
Hi. Thank you for the video. I have a question about a baby tortoise, recently it has grown a white fluffy skin around its legs, is it something to be concerned about?
They are not so conscious about what they eat , they even eat hairs fallen on the floor sometimes ,that doesn't mean u can give him anything curd ,loli ,halwa , cucumber are bad diet for them , proper diet is bhindi, hay grass ,wheat grass ,hibiscus flowers, hibiscus leafes etc
My tort loves bhindi but recently I started giving him radish greens, fenugreek, coriander leaves with lil slices of lady finger so he could eat other things and it worked. U can try it too :)
Sir i have indian star tortoise male and i am following your guide to change his diet i feed him 1 cucumber +10 mulberry leaves daily from 4 days but he is not changing his diet if i give him single leave he refuses to eat sir please tell what to do and please tell if i eat him daily 1 cucumber + 10 mulberry leaves it will be sufficient for him
Yes, that would be sufficient. Switching diet will take some time and patience. Keep feeding mixed diet for few weeks and it’ll start eating leaves gradually.
Hi Sir, Really informative video on star tortoise. Could you please confirm where will I get opuntia cactus as it is not available online in India and nurseries don't keep them. I am from mumbai. Please assist.
Cucumbers are mostly for hydration and has least nutritional value. Watch this video to see how to change the diet of your tortoise. ua-cam.com/video/kY66CM44qqE/v-deo.html
Hello sir can you please tell me indian names of elephant grass, cow grass, timothy grass, spreading dayflower, heydotis diffusa and oldenlandia. As i have tried searching their names online but coudnt find. I also tried showing their pictures but coudnt get anything 🙏
I don’t have much knowledge about Burmese star tortoises so can’t be sure about it but it can be same more or less like high in fibres and low in nutrition.
@@IndianStarTortoise my burmese tortoises have developed a lower beak in an year or so.The beak has grown quite a lot by now actually almost until its nostrils. Are you aware of the reason behind it. I'm kinda worried now because I mostly fed them vegetables all these years and whenever I try and give them greens they don't seem to like it at all. They look healthy to me so it never occurred to me that I was doing something majorly wrong until their beak started growing longer. So is it something very serious that could prove fatal to my tortoises or do you recommend I follow the diet you mentioned in the video plus few supplements every now and then and my torts will do just fine without any special attention or treating. Thanks! ✌️
You can start feeding your tortoises on rough surface. Sometimes tortoises have to pick food from ground and during that their beak gets trimmed naturally. Overgrown beak is not fatal but it can make it uncomfortable for a tortoise to eat. If it is grown till nostrils then you can get it trimmed by an experienced vet but please do not try it yourself at home.
Just the normal garden/ farm soil which doesn’t have chemical fertilisers and pesticides applied on. COCOPEAT is a big no as it hold excess moisture and Indian stars do no do so well in very humid conditions.
Hlo sir i have two indian star tortoise and you suggested to get them checked by vet if any problem but i just came to know that they are illegal so will there be any trouble
Do difference at all except geographic location. “Exotic” breeders from foreign countries have made this popular that srilankan star tortoises get larger and Indian stars are smaller but in fact we have seen Indian stars getting huge and weighed 4 kilograms plus.
@@IndianStarTortoise ok sir I watched your video on how to change tortoise diet, now my tortoise have started eating hibiscus leaves . Thank u so much sir 🙏
Nothing. Please don’t apply any oil or wax on their shell for shine 🙏🙏🙏 These are not show pieces. If your tortoise gets dirty then just clean the shell with normal water and soft toothbrush gently.
By instinct they should be drinking water naturally but in captivity when they’re fed diet with high water content, tortoises do not drink water additionally.
@@IndianStarTortoise actually here corona cases are high ...so every doc. Said no. But i said to them her 1(bottom) scute is swollen.idk what to do..pls take her I'll not go inside.then they said yes finally.✌
@@IndianStarTortoise I try feeding them cucumber and carrot sometimes. But it never eats hibiscus however I tried. I even tried tricks you mentioned in other video about feeding them but they never eat hibiscus
Hello Sir, I have star tortoise at home from last 12 years and unfortunately we were not aware of his diet and we never feed mentioned food in this video. However our Star tortoise eats beans daily, tomato and iceberg occasionally. Orange is it's favorite food. He is male and he has grown in length 6-7 inch. By gods grace still never fall sick but I always feel concern for his health. Can you please guide how to change his eating habits?
You must be doing something right because the tortoise is doing well even with “junk food” but it is never too late to correct the past mistakes. Checkout this video - How to change a tortoise’s diet? ua-cam.com/video/kY66CM44qqE/v-deo.html
Hi sir, If i deceide to give my tortoise to the wild life department, will I land in trouble? Will there be questions on where i got it ?
Not to worry, nobody will be in trouble for handing over a tortoise. However if you get questioned from where did you get the tortoise? You can honestly answer how did you get one but submitting after knowing they’re illegal to keep as pets.
@@IndianStarTortoisesir i also want to give my tortoise to some good ngo but idk where to contact if you have any information about it then plss do share with me i live in kalyan Maharashtra so if u have any information about here then it will be really helpful
instagram.com/resq_ecoecho?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==
@@IndianStarTortoise will u help me i had a pet tortoise for 5 years but soon i knew it was illegal but i dont wanna hand it over because we made so many memories what should i do and should i feed my tortoise lady finger or bhindi??? and how to find if they are sick or not
@@themzplaybitzzhi bhindi is purely safe and favourite of them
Thank you so much brother for your help all tortoise will be very grateful to you😊
Amazing informative video! There is so little proper info on this species on youtube, so a big thanks! I have got two starts at home and I feed them all types of leafy greens, dried flowers and grasses all your round. I was wondering about the Banana leaves and Elephant ear though. I’ve been told that those are poisonous or is that just the stern and not the leaves?
Thanks!
Thanks for the kind words and supporting! Really appreciate it.
Glad to know you are giving nice varied diet.
I'm sure they are edible because I had asked a reptile vet about it.
Though not sure about different types of elephant ears but the one I feed is the type people use to make "paatra".
@@IndianStarTortoise can you make a video about the preparation to do during the pregnancy of a star tort? I am thinking of breeding my pair and helping this species to increase it's population
U are a superb guy with highly qualified knowledge
Thanks 😊🙏
Iam feeding Tomato's n Cabbage from last 3 yrs to my star tortoise and they are healthy. I watched in one video, they said that Tomato's are star tortoise favorite food.
R u fron India?
Cabbage and tomatoes should be avoided they form stones in kidney even in tortoises... try feeding leaves and hibiscus flower
Thank you so much.. I can feel in ur last words that how much u love tortoise😄💓
Hello sir, thankyou for the information but just a doubt please clear if possible
Can we feed carrot to an Indian star tortoise on daily basis?
Please tell me so that I can nurture my tortoise well
Not daily, once a week would be fine.
@IndianStarTortoise thankyou so much ✨
I have tried so many times to feed hibiscus flowers but my Star tortoise dose not eat kindly advice
How much should I feed him like quantity wise
Very informative but are these tortoise legal
No
No💔
No. They are illegal in india
Wild Indian Star Tortoises which are born in the wild are banned as Pets but Tortoises bred or born in captivity are legal.
TLDR: Indian Star Tortoise from the Wild is banned but a Tortoise from a Breeder or most Tortoises available in pet shops are completely Legal
They are illegal i am his old subscriber he has forgot to put diclamer
My tortoise only loves eating tomoto. Other than tomato he eats cucumber, bottle guard and green beans . Is it healthy or not. We have tried many different techniques but failed everything. He is very clever
finely chop everything and mix
Sir my baby tortoise likes eating the small mulberry fruit on the mulberry plant , is it good for them to eat that fruit ?
Thank you so much for this informative video
It is okay in moderation
Bro have been keeping them indoor, can you please show which lights to use.
Bhai aapke 100k jaldi honge
daily calorier count of tortoise?
Should we feed our Star turtles twice a day or once is enough for them as they have a long digestive system ?? Please suggest
Once a day is okay or you can offer smaller portions twice a day
You can also feed mustard greens daily.
Hello sir, I have been giving my tortoises small pieces of cuttlefish bone as calcium supplement once a week and they enjoy it a lot. Should I continue giving it to them or is it harmful for their health?
P.S. They also get minimum 20-30 minutes of sunlight every day in the morning.
That’s perfect
Hi my question is if I have in the terrarium inside how much is the humidity correct for them
Awesome info bro
Sir , my tortoise is eating only cucumber and when I offer tomatos he used to ignore it
So what could I do.
It can take few tries and some tricks to make them eat different food.
You can check this video, it’ll be helpful.
How to make a tortoise eat leaves? | How to change a tortoise's diet?
ua-cam.com/video/kY66CM44qqE/v-deo.html
Tomatoes are not good for them. Better to avoid
Sir my tortoise only eat cucumber and tomatoes i offer them leafy greens and grasses daily but they don't eat only eat cucumber and tomatoes
Next video will be on how to make them eat leaves and grass. Stay tuned...
Can you Pls suggest from where one can buy & grow these grasses. Bermuda, Elephant & Cow Grass, Timothy Etc
The place where we got her from said that she will survive only on beans, okra and moringa leaves. For the past month she has not been eating properly or moving. We tried giving her all of her favourite foods too but no response. Can you please help? Is it okay to give her corn/babycorn?
No for corn/ baby corn. Additionally better get her checked by a good reptile vet as soon as possible.
Beans are high in protein and carbs. We should only give them the things which are high in fiber. Start growing your own wheatgrass, you may also include jade plant, sometimes coriander leaves, and don't forget to sprinkle calcium powder made for reptiles on the alternate days, and give then vitamin powder occasionally.
How is yout tortoise feeling now? Is he eating now?
Hi. Thank you for the video. I have a question about a baby tortoise, recently it has grown a white fluffy skin around its legs, is it something to be concerned about?
Might be swelling or bloating due to obstruction, better to consult a vet soon.
@@IndianStarTortoise Ok sorry thank you.
Very informative big support 😊
Thanks
My tortoise doesn't even eat leaves after mixing with beans also
Just wonderful
Very helpful. Thanks a lot brother ♥️
Nice Video
Thanks
Can i feed star tortoise every day cucumber daily because my tortoise are not eating any thing
My tortoise eat bhindi cucumber loli curd haluwa sweets chips !! Can you tell me what should o made him to eat
They are not so conscious about what they eat , they even eat hairs fallen on the floor sometimes ,that doesn't mean u can give him anything curd ,loli ,halwa , cucumber are bad diet for them , proper diet is bhindi, hay grass ,wheat grass ,hibiscus flowers, hibiscus leafes etc
It will damage their liver don't feed those things....only uncooked food like leaves veggies are good
Good work
My torto loves beans and bhendi
Same here
Same bro
Same here
My tort loves bhindi but recently I started giving him radish greens, fenugreek, coriander leaves with lil slices of lady finger so he could eat other things and it worked. U can try it too :)
Sir i have indian star tortoise male and i am following your guide to change his diet i feed him 1 cucumber +10 mulberry leaves daily from 4 days but he is not changing his diet if i give him single leave he refuses to eat sir please tell what to do and please tell if i eat him daily 1 cucumber + 10 mulberry leaves it will be sufficient for him
Yes, that would be sufficient.
Switching diet will take some time and patience.
Keep feeding mixed diet for few weeks and it’ll start eating leaves gradually.
Sir can I have your number
No, if you have queries, write it down here, if it’ll be genuine and it can bring awareness among others, will reply back to it.
Thank you
Why my tortoise poop all the time while eating??
I also keep them in warm water for 30 to 40 min in morning
That’s normal
My tortoise diet today😭😭😭missing him so much❤
Sorry for your loss. May his soul get eternal peace 🙏
Do we need to give calcium as well to out tortoise
What to feed them when they r small ?
Thanks for the great info! 👍🐢❤️
do we need to give any additional supplements ?
Not required if variety is given in diet.
@@IndianStarTortoise thank you so much 😊
Also can we give coriander leaves daily?
Hi Sir,
Really informative video on star tortoise. Could you please confirm where will I get opuntia cactus as it is not available online in India and nurseries don't keep them. I am from mumbai. Please assist.
No idea about Mumbai but try searching in Goa.
太有用了，感谢您！
Please guide basking light duration for a day....both tortoise & turtle
Tortoise can decide how much it wants to bask and when it wants to move out of basking spot and cool down.
Sir .Can star tortoise survive as single? Because I have only female one.
Hey bro my tortoise only eat cucumber what should I do....is cucumber healthy for him
Cucumbers are mostly for hydration and has least nutritional value.
Watch this video to see how to change the diet of your tortoise.
ua-cam.com/video/kY66CM44qqE/v-deo.html
My tortoise only eating habiscus & tomato what should I do?
Hello sir can you please tell me indian names of elephant grass, cow grass, timothy grass, spreading dayflower, heydotis diffusa and oldenlandia. As i have tried searching their names online but coudnt find. I also tried showing their pictures but coudnt get anything 🙏
Does Burmese star tortoise have same diet chart?
I don’t have much knowledge about Burmese star tortoises so can’t be sure about it but it can be same more or less like high in fibres and low in nutrition.
@@IndianStarTortoise my burmese tortoises have developed a lower beak in an year or so.The beak has grown quite a lot by now actually almost until its nostrils. Are you aware of the reason behind it. I'm kinda worried now because I mostly fed them vegetables all these years and whenever I try and give them greens they don't seem to like it at all. They look healthy to me so it never occurred to me that I was doing something majorly wrong until their beak started growing longer. So is it something very serious that could prove fatal to my tortoises or do you recommend I follow the diet you mentioned in the video plus few supplements every now and then and my torts will do just fine without any special attention or treating. Thanks! ✌️
You can start feeding your tortoises on rough surface.
Sometimes tortoises have to pick food from ground and during that their beak gets trimmed naturally.
Overgrown beak is not fatal but it can make it uncomfortable for a tortoise to eat.
If it is grown till nostrils then you can get it trimmed by an experienced vet but please do not try it yourself at home.
@@IndianStarTortoise cheers man, thanks 😊
Where do you get these
My tortoise likes only ladyfingers
If I give it other than that it will not eat what should I do?
Click on the I button and check out video on
How to make a tortoise eat leaves? | How to change a tortoise's diet?
Same with my tortoise he only eats ladyfinger.
What about coriander
Can give once in 15-20 days in moderation
Bro i have 2 tortoise daily feed is okra is safe or not
Please answer
It is “safe” but not good
My Indian Star tortoise is 17 years old. How much quantity of food should I feed him and how many times in a day?
Just once a day.
Varied, mixed diet more of grasses, weeds and greens is best.
Superb video
Where are conservation centres of star tortoises?
Hi bro.. I have a star tortoise 🐢 He eats everything except grass and weeds... Will there be any problem with him????
Not really, let him enjoy.
Can I put sand In my tortoise habitat as a base? Or soil is mandatory?
Soil is mandatory.
Hi can we feed spirulina powder to star tortoise food by mixing
Not sure, coz tortoises do not eat algae in wild or at least I don’t know about it I can’t answer this well. Better to do your research before giving.
Hello ! Can I Feed My Indian star tortoise only hibiscus flowers dialy ? and Can You please help me cure his leg swelling ?
Only one item daily is not good, need to have some variety.
You can DM leg swelling pictures on instagram @indianstartortoises
Please mention this context so the DM is not ignored with other spams by mistake.
Sir plz guide me my tortise ate 2 to 3 days regular papaya I was not knwing nw she is not having anything she is womiting
Better if you take your tortoise to a vet.
Please avoid giving fruits to your tortoise, for god's sake 🤦♂
Can we give tulsi leaves to tortoise 🐢
Sir can we give loki to indian star tortoise
Yes but once in 15 days
Hey brother is it necessary that we have to sprinkle calcium supplements in every meal (I've have baby tortoise) reply if possible :)
Not mandatory if the tortoise is getting varied diet which has enough calcium and exposure to sunlight to absorb that calcium.
No need to sprinkle it's btr to sun bask in early morning sun form 10-20mins rather than supplements
Early morning sunlight is sufficient everyday. But during monsoon please sprinkle calcium powder on the food alternatively.
Which substrate is good for star tortoise please tell me?
Just the normal garden/ farm soil which doesn’t have chemical fertilisers and pesticides applied on.
COCOPEAT is a big no as it hold excess moisture and Indian stars do no do so well in very humid conditions.
How to grow bermuda grass at home
Can we feed wheat grass to them? Daily
Yes, growing it in a patch and allowing tortoise to eat on own would be best
Hlo sir i have two indian star tortoise and you suggested to get them checked by vet if any problem but i just came to know that they are illegal so will there be any trouble
In majority cases there isn’t any problem with vets
Sir what is different in Indian star tortoise and Shri Lankan star tortoise can we give same food for Shri Lankan star tortoise?
Do difference at all except geographic location.
“Exotic” breeders from foreign countries have made this popular that srilankan star tortoises get larger and Indian stars are smaller but in fact we have seen Indian stars getting huge and weighed 4 kilograms plus.
My tortoise eat only okra is it healthy
Not good for daily feed
Sir i give 2 tortoises both 2 years 19 to 20 leaves but they eat 10 to 12 leaves only is it sufficient for them ??
Yes
Which leaves do you give
What if tortoises dont eat anything apart cucumber? Tried other things but he dont eat
Because we have give only cucumbers, the tortoise is now habitual with eating only cucumbers and won’t try to eat different things.
Check out this video to make your tortoise eat healthy.
ua-cam.com/video/kY66CM44qqE/v-deo.html
same here
Mix smashed carrot in cucumber and drain out the excess water and mix carrot in small quantity rather than cucumber
Mine only eats beans!
Sir...pls.suggest some calcium rich vegetable.
Grass
Thank u 👍
Welcome 😊
Keep watching 👀
My tortoise dose not eat hibiscus flowers and leafly vegetables he eats cucumber and vegetables please advice
Sir i have star tortoise plz tell me which is the main factor I have to consider first (he is completed 1 year)
There isn’t only one factor to take care of; husbandry/ enclosure, diet, hydration everything is equally important.
Thank you for the info
Sir tortoise kitne din baad poop krta h ??
When I keep my tortoise in water than he poops in water
Sir I feed my tortoise lady finger daily .
Is it okay or I should change their diet
Already explained in the video, variety in the diet is the key.
@@IndianStarTortoise ok sir
I watched your video on how to change tortoise diet, now my tortoise have started eating hibiscus leaves . Thank u so much sir 🙏
Can I feed wheat grass to star tortoise?? Pls tell me
Yes
How to take care of star tortoise shell( to maintain shell shining)
Nothing.
Please don’t apply any oil or wax on their shell for shine 🙏🙏🙏
These are not show pieces.
If your tortoise gets dirty then just clean the shell with normal water and soft toothbrush gently.
Sir apne tortoise dit english me diya hai hindi me ak video upload kiji ye na
Sir can we give hibiscus flower daily
Yes
look it's great. I really want a turtle like that but in my country it's quite expensive
I have those
Sir, can you please say that why my tortoise is not drinking water?
By instinct they should be drinking water naturally but in captivity when they’re fed diet with high water content, tortoises do not drink water additionally.
Iam telling ❤ thanks for you
Is long beans edible for star tortoises ?
They can eat if given but keep it in moderation like once in 15-20 days.
How many times do we need to feed them per day?
Once a day is good
Hi please give name of leaf to give daily in Hindi because I am not understand which is you said in English....🙏
सादी घास, शेतूर, गुडहल (जासूद), पपीता, गिलोय, ककड़ी औरलौकी कि बेल के पत्ते
Thanks very helpful
Sir but how many hibiscus leaves should i give to my 2 year tortoise ..
There isn’t fox quality but can feed as much as it can eat in 15-20 minutes, feeding once a day would be enough.
@@IndianStarTortoise i have 2 tortoises of same age i give them 14 to 15 leaves and they eat about 9 to 10 leaves only is it sufficient
@@IndianStarTortoiseI have 2 tortoises they only eats 9 to 10 leaves only after giving 17 to 18 leaves is it sufficient
My tortoise is not eating anything from past 10 days 🙁 what should I do?
Take it to a vet as soon as possible
@@IndianStarTortoise actually here corona cases are high ...so every doc. Said no. But i said to them her 1(bottom) scute is swollen.idk what to do..pls take her I'll not go inside.then they said yes finally.✌
@@IndianStarTortoise btw thank you so much this video is informative 👍👍🙏
This tortoise legally vs not legal
Mine only eats mulberry leaves, is it okay?
Mulberry leaves are good as main feed but need to add some variety in diet for routine. Try adding hibiscus flowers and leaves at least.
@@IndianStarTortoise I try feeding them cucumber and carrot sometimes. But it never eats hibiscus however I tried. I even tried tricks you mentioned in other video about feeding them but they never eat hibiscus
Maybe fasting for 2-3 days might help.
Hello Sir,
I have star tortoise at home from last 12 years and unfortunately we were not aware of his diet and we never feed mentioned food in this video. However our Star tortoise eats beans daily, tomato and iceberg occasionally. Orange is it's favorite food.
He is male and he has grown in length 6-7 inch. By gods grace still never fall sick but I always feel concern for his health.
Can you please guide how to change his eating habits?
You must be doing something right because the tortoise is doing well even with “junk food” but it is never too late to correct the past mistakes. Checkout this video - How to change a tortoise’s diet? ua-cam.com/video/kY66CM44qqE/v-deo.html
Sir mera tortoise din me 3 baar poty karta hai me usko ladyfinger. Cucumber beans 🥒 and dudhi kya ye thik hai na
Nahi
Isi video me diet plan diya hua hai, dekh lijiye ek bar
Can we feed them tulsi leaves
Yes you can if they eat but feed in moderation
Can we feed them coriander leaves?
Yes
@@IndianStarTortoise daily?
My tortoise eats lady finger and cucumber daily
It's is good or not
Not good, give more variety