First Americans & Prehistoric Arrivals: boats, ice, land bridges | Beringia | Bering Land Bridge
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- Опубліковано 28 чер 2024
- When did the first Native Americans arrive in the Americans?
How did Native Americans get to the Americas?
American Archaeology: The First Americans
The following presentation discusses one interpretation of the archaeological evidence regarding the arrivals of the first people into the Americas. new evidence comes to light in periodic fashion, and this interpretation might be adjusted in the future.
first, i will discuss the traditional model of the arrival of the First Americans, and then provide an updated model that answers important questions about the dates of many sites.
So, let's start with the traditional interpretation of the initial peopling of the Americas which is very likely greatly outdated yet still prevalent in much media.
Let's roll back the landscape to the end of the last glacial period about 13,000 years ago.
at the end of the last glacial period, known as the late or upper pleistocene, there are two major geologic differences in North America as compared to today. First, America is connected to Asia by a land bridge here. the land masses are connected. humans, plants, and animals can now migrate and pollinate between the continents.
Thus, today's Bering Sea is transformed, 13,000 years ago, into Bering land bridge. Also, the glaciers of the Laurentide ice sheet dominate almost all of modern Canada and large portions of the northern United States.
This geography provides the conditions for the traditional "Clovis first theory" of the peopling of the Americas. It is called "Clovis" after spear points found in Clovis, New Mexico that many believed represented the first Native Americans.
This is the "Clovis first theory", which holds that the only way for people to get from Asia to America was over the Bering land bridge near the end of the last glacial period. What this theory has going for it is that at this time, some 13,000 years ago, Asia is connected to America and there is an ice-free corridor through Canada leading to north America and south America. In this traditional, clovis first model, people walked from Asia to America and moved through this ice-free corridor and then down the content.
Thus, clovis first theory puts the first peoples into the Americas about 13,000 years ago. Advocates maintain that a migration before this period is not possible due to geography. if we wind the geologic clock back to about 18,000 years ago, during the last glacial maximum, there is no open passageway through Canada, so the path is blocked.
Thus, according to the clovis first theory, it is impossible for the first Americans to arrive to before this corridor opened. So, no humans before about 13,000 years ago in North America.
However, there is a problem. the oldest known sites in the Americas are not found in Alaska or northwest Canada, which would be expected if the first populations moved through an ice-free corridor there. rather, radiocarbon dates from numerous sites across north and South America predate the clovis era. Meadowcroft Rockshelter in western Pennsylvania is 19,000 years old, and possibly older. Likewise, Cactus Hill in Virginia has radiocarbon dates going back 15,000 years.
Further south provides even more startling dates. Pedra Furada in Brazil has incredibly old dates, some of which go into very deep prehistory before thirty thousand years ago. Monte Verde in Chile also has early dates.
So how can this be?
We will actually turn to Australia. an archaeological site in Australia at Lake Mungo confirms that people were in Australia at least 40,000 years ago.
The only way to get to Australia from Asia was through Oceania, even during the low seas of the last glacial period as shown here. Travel from Asia through Oceania to Australia requires boats. This startling discovery pushed boat technology way back into prehistory.
these aren't large galleons or sail ships, but rather canoes. However, the arrival of peoples into Australia before 40,000 years ago by boat provides answers to large question marks in the Americas.
With the arrival of people to Australia in deeper prehistory over 40,000 years ago, suddenly sites in north America like Meadowcroft no longer seem out of place.
let's slide back over to the Americas.
The use of boats in deep prehistory means that we no longer have to wait for an ice-free corridor to emerge through Canada 13,000 years ago. A glacial impasse over the land is no longer an issue, which means we can push the dates backward to glacial high points like 20,000 years ago or more.
With canoe technology, we can now imagine ancient peoples following the coastline from Siberia to Alaska, and then following the coast down the west coast of the Americas and up the eastern side.
The old radiocarbon dates, such as 19000 years ago in Pennsylvania, likely point to the reality of human occupation in the Americas in deep prehistory, at least 20 or 25 thousand years ago.
A short film by Jeffrey Meyer, librarian and historian
Absolute first rate, just wish you had the resources to go deeper, you have exceptional talent for explaining things clearly and simply.
Truly inspiring
damn buddy is necking my guy so hard. i admire your assertiveness
Love the history mapped videos. Found this channel about a month ago. Jeffery the coolest librarian, keep up the awesome work!
The recent discovery of preserved human foot prints in New Mexico certainly backs the idea of people coming via a coastal route.
Great work as always, thank you for sharing. You’re doing a service for the public.
How great of a discovery of canoes and influence in history.
Excellent presentation/explanation. Job well done.
No doubt, the Clovis First theory is losing favor but the Pedra Furada dating(30+BP) has been challenged and hasn't really gained traction. The Monte Verde dating(14.5 to 18.5BP) seems more reasonable and is in line with other recent sites.
Your path showing the early migration route overlooks the very easy, low elevation crossing of the isthmus at Nicaragua, only ten miles to Lake Nicaragua, across the lake down the San Juan to the Caribbean. To spread south around the tip of South America would've taken generations and passing through another area with grim weather.
Having spent a winter in Grand Forks, North Dakota, I can guarantee the so-called "ice free corridor" passed through an area with some of the most miserable weather on the globe. Even today, it is sparsely populated. The coast is much warmer. Compare winter temperatures inland and on the coast, same latitude. Thirty or forty degrees warmer in mid-winter. And walking on tundra, carring everything(no horses yet) on your back seems a lot more work than paddling a canoe down the coast. Lot faster by the coast.
I'm digging your comments on the coastal routes. On the dating, White Sands at 23 kya seems solid. The 37 kya Rio Puerco site, also in New Mexico, is worth considering. Such dates suggest we consider the pre-LGM ice-free corridor as well as the coastal route.
Great video. Thanks for sharing.
Yet another great video. As I’ve said previously, keep ‘em comin’ JtL! 👌
Thank you!
Excellent presentation! Very logical. The "primative" Micronesians/Polynesians found, virtually every spec of land with fresh water on it, in the South Pacific and Hawaii (bringing their chickens/pigs/plants with them). That's about 1/3 of the surface of the planet. They accomplished this with no compass, no charts/maps, no metal fasteners, not even a written language. Some tiny islands were/are thousands of miles apart. Their sailing proas (outrigger canoes) and catamarans, shocked the first European explorers, with their seaworthiness, brilliant design, and amazing speed (over 24 knots while European vessels were pushing 4-5). Is it "possible", that primative people had adequate boats? Uhh... Yes.
That is why Taiwan is so important. You forgot Madagascar.
Also Stellar navigation was invented about 2000 ( 500bc) before Hawaii was populated.
I always think that noah teach us how to build ship,most of our ancestor believe in nature and spirit.
Its ridiculous when there's evidence of humanity going further back before the established narrative and "experts" just go "well that's too early so we can't say it's possible"
What we don't know are how many ancients set off on adventures and migrations and vanished, leaving not even their bones behind.
Back during the ice age there was all kinds of huge animals walking around so I've always wondered how big they could make skin boats back then, they even had some different trees while properties we know nothing about
This report is well formulated, and more importantly, well presented. You have enough details to interest us science geeks, but one doesn't have to have a master's degree to understand it. You're in the Goldilocks Zone. I also think you have the latest facts "as we know it" as of 2024. Who knows what developments are still to come? I can't wait!
Thank you! I have found that when I have to put it on a map, I realize I need to explain it to myself first, and then I can explain it to other people. It's easy to think of things abstractly, but it's another thing to have to actually put it on a map.
Love your video lessons.
Appreciate your channel and presentations. I guess you've heard about trails of human foot prints amongst prints of giant sloths... Found in/near the White Sands National Park. Even parallel tracks left by dragging a pair of long poles such as a travois have been found as well.
All to say the evidence also points to considerably older dates much earlier than Clovis.
Thank you again for your research!! Much enjoyed!
Love these vids
Much appreciated!
Love watching your videos! I’ll like to make a request that you make a video of Florida and it’s Geographical History as far back into History as possible including the Human History and all the Cultures and People that inhabit Florida throughout its human history to up until maybe the 1960’s. I’m making this request due to my desire to learn more of my home state of Florida.
I have a project due on NC.... can you do another video for my state too. :)
Excellent presentation.
Thank you!
Wonderful, as always; thank you! I have long held the notion that today’s humans lack due respect for the intelligence, resourcefulness and courage of ancient peoples. I believe humans-being inquisitive and acquisitive-have always moved toward greener grasses, establishing and maintaining a network of relationships that, given enough degrees, was if not global, at least encompassing large regions.
Working fine now. Thank you, Jeffrey.
Thank you for your patience!
This is my back yard, which has most recently been dated to as far back as 8-12,000 years based on artifacts I’ve found (yes I had them looked at by an actual archaeologist). But this is cool:
In 1968, human remains representing one individual were removed from the Bear Swamp site in Berkley, Bristol County, MA, by Arthur C. Staples and Roy C. Athearn of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society and were donated to the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology by the Massachusetts Archaeological Society in 1969. No known individual was identified. No associated funerary objects are present.
Osteological characteristics indicate that the individual is Native American. Although the Bear Swamp site generally dates to the Late Archaic period (3000-1000 B.C.), the interment most likely dates to the Late Woodland period (A.D. 1000-1600). In a 1969 publication, the collectors concluded that this flexed burial is typical of Late Woodland period, rather than Late Archaic period, mortuary practices. Museum documentation indicates this interment was an intrusive Late Woodland burial in a Late Archaic site and was not associated with other Late Archaic features at Bear Swamp. Oral tradition and historical documentation indicate that Berkley, MA, is located within the aboriginal and historic homeland of the Wampanoag Nation. The present-day tribes that are most closely affiliated with members of the Wampanoag Nation are the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) of Massachusetts, Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Tribe (a nonfederally recognized Indian group), and Assonet Band of the Wampanoag Nation (a nonfederally recognized Indian group).
LOVE!!!🥰
When I was teaching American History in the 1960s and 70s, I purported this theory to my students because even then we had so much information to prove the First Americans came by sea. A common view of history is that people travel by waterways before they travel by land. The records show that explorers first use the rivers when penetrating the continent. I am so amazed that this outdated “land bridge” hypothesis is still so prominent. Yes, humans traveled by the land bridge as evidenced the artifacts found there but they travelled by boat first.
"Prove" without carbon dating?
There was also findings of a settlements found from around 14000 years ago up along the queen Charlotte's
Canoes, kayaks, boats, etc.. also allow people to travel far faster carrying a lot more weight.
Thanks. Very good as always. I was very interested in this video. There are some UA-cam videos that say that there is genetic and possibly tool evidence that some people crossed the Atlantic. If there was fishing and hunting by boat in the north Atlantic, I wonder if it was possible to cross via the Atlantic. I was hoping for a comment by you on that idea. I'm a physicist, so all of the Archaeology evidence seems hazy at best. Going around the coastline seems possible also as you showed.
Definitely used canoes and went along rivers bays and coastlines
I think you should have included the Solutrean Point possibilities that Dennis Standford from the Smithsonian has been giving talks on about travel from what is now northern Spain to North America well before Clovis. Also that Clovis points may well have been a North American invention.
If the oldest settlements are on the east coast, what evidence discounts travel from europe/Africa to the America's? Intuitively, it seems more plausible that crossing the Atlantic Ocean would account for the Eastern structures rather than the much longer journey from the western side. Can someone comment on this?
First, there's no (surviving) DNA evidence of European/African haplogroups in native populations. DNA indicates all the surviving native American peoples share ancestry with the oldest East Asian lineages. Second, while the "Polynesian boats" theory has some support, the consensus is that population of the Americas was the result of a land bridge that existed for thousands of years during which time, over generations, populations originating from Siberia gradually made their way into the north-west of North America, and later their descendants populated the rest of the Americas, just by moving generation by generation, searching for food and resources. The distance covered doesn't matter when you are talking over a period of thousands of years. With no equivalent land bridge over the Atlantic, it took until the Vikings developed seaworthy longships for Old World explorers to reach the Americas. (Interestingly the existence of monkeys in South America suggests there was a land connection, or at least the sea distance was short enough to be rafted across on vegetation, some 40 million years ago, but long before humans were around).
Again great, informative, interesting video. Is it possible that glaciers advanced, retreated and re-advanced, scouring away the evidence of settlements?
That did happen a little during the Younger Dryes, wrong spelling. But that was less than 1000 years of ice age.
I find it hard to believe they all came through just 13000 years ago
The coastal hypothesis has been studied at lenght and it has many valid points but I don't think it had the strenght to start the population of the continent. The date for those South American sites are debatable and even assuming, correctly, that many ancient sites are now under water there is practically nothing between California and Meadowcreek. Is it possible that all of the "paleolithic" sites are gone or haven't been yet found? Beringia is still to be considered the main highway although dates need to be refined. Great video lecture.
i just want to point out that when we discovered the arctic people were already living there ...... an arctic coast is an arctic coast no mater how thick the ice is in the interior of the continent. The Inuits and Eskimos both had only stone age tools and were quite successful before we put them on reservations and gave them snow machines to ride and i see no reason to assume that the people who were the first to make it past the ice and down the coasts. needed "modern" boats or some hypothesized special corridor to get here.
Btw... There were an even earlier people in the north prior to the Inuits.
@@jgstevens5169 oh yea i get that. my point is that if the intuits and Eskimos could live up there right on the ice there is no reason to assume they were the first to do so.
Footprints in White Sands, New Mexico are 21K years old. Mastodon butchery goes back to 37K years old, and now there is possible evidence of more butchery that is 130K years old in California. I think we can safely say that Clovis is dead and we did travel by boat. DNA evidence points to Denisovan and Polynesian genomes in South America. Further evidence of early boat travel. An update would be advised.
Yes, there's more and more evidence that human occupation is older in America than many sources now suggest.
23000 BP Footprints in White Sands has changed paradigm. Hokkaido, Japan and "Sojin", Proto-Japanese before Jomon, should be paid more attention. Aleutian Islands' route should be revised to the seashore of Beringia, because it's too far from Russian Komandorskie o-va to American Attu.
I think part of the misconceptions about the Bering Land Bridge is in the continued use of that name. It's as much as a "bridge" is as Bolivia is a bridge between Peru and Argentina.
You should refer to it as "Beringia", which is a better name. It is like using the name Sunda for all of Ice Age Southeast Asia, Malaysia and Indonesia joined together, or Sahul for the New Guinea/New Britian Australia mass construct. All were vast lands when the sea levels were 100+ meters lower than today.
And they are ALL ASIAN!!
@@teresafernandez9849 And all Asians are Africans! Europeans are African, too !
According to the geneticists I read the clock goes back 15,000 years. They also recently found some ancient dna where they found the lineage to be extinct.
It seems possible that an entire earlier migration might have failed.
Wonderful videos, it wasn’t so long ago (when I was in grade school) we were taught that dinosaurs were related to reptiles. It’s apparent the more we think we know the less we actually understand.
Not true at all.
The more we know, the more we know.
It's just some sad folks who get stuck on one idea....
Simply put, knowledge grows thru the introduction of new facts and data....not opinions.
The only constant in life is change....
It's why conservative folk are always so angry...
I concure.... here's a model: Wisdom > Knowledge > Facts=Opinions
As an Anthropologist, I totally agree. I just wish we had some proof of Polynesians going farther East of their know migrations to Pacific Islands and reaching the Western Coasts of the Americas. There are similarities between the indigenous cultures of New Zealand and the Northwest Coastal tribes of North America. And Polynesians got as far east as Easter Island which is so close to South America. I worked in Collections Management, Conservation, and Displays at The National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, DC. 2000-2004
There have been some linguistic analysis of the America’s that have pushed the date back to 30,000 BP. Absolutely the earliest sites are along the coastlines, here in Michigan under the lakes since the Great Lakes are a relatively recent formation at 11-14 thousand years old and they fluctuated wildly and have only stabilized in the last 5-6 thousand years. In college I was always irked by the lack of interest in coastal access to the America’s that my courses and Profs overlooked. The Clovis first cohort still has a strong influence in the field.
I’d like to see more linguistic work. There are so many unique first peoples languages and are any of them similar to Eastern Asia languages?
I agree. But slowly the Clovis first theory is starting to crumble. There is more than enough evidence that says the date should be moved back to 30k years ago, or more.
08/09/2022 A good overview. The oldest date which I have heard re Australia Indigenous peoples being here is 200,000 years. Yes they could have canoed part of the way through India, Asia etc and probably did; but can we connect them to those people in the far south of South America who are almost indentical in looks to our Aboriginal people? BTW our native dog, the Dingo, has been here around 6,000+ years and looks similar to those dogs seen in Asia and Papua New Guinea; I'll bet that they didn't swim here.
That's a heck of a lot of cars and trucks that melted all that ice!
We got the Great Lakes out of the melting ice, so that's a win. The expansion of oak-maple forests is also a win. We might have also gotten the major rivers from the increase in available freshwater, but I have to check on that.
Almost until the middle of the 18th century, California was considered an island, and the world began to guess about the existence of Alaska only at the end of the 17th century.
The first Europeans in the "Wild West" were Spanish missionaries, who slowly developed the coastal lands of southern California and converted the motley local population to Christianity, and ... Russian travelers. The routes of Russian travelers were very different from the usual ways of discovering America: they did not go through the Atlantic Ocean, to which Russia has no direct access, but became a logical continuation of the development of Siberia. That is why the Russian pioneers for a long time did not encounter other conquerors of American lands. Following the path of human settlement in America at the end of the Ice Age, Russian colonists found their way through the Bering Strait.
The purposeful search for the western coast of America was initiated by Peter I. He was sure that the American shores lie somewhere very close to Kamchatka, and possibly merge with Asia. Nobody wanted to stay away from the division of the New World.
Back in the middle of the 17th century, Semyon Dezhnev "discovered" Alaska. But the data of the first Far Eastern expeditions are inaccurate. And just before his death, Peter I sent an expedition of the Russified Dane Vitus Bering to the Far East.
To begin with, Bering proved that America and Asia do not merge anywhere and opened the strait, which they called "Bering". By the way, another great navigator, James Cook, proposed to name the strait (the one who was eaten in Hawaii. It was Cook who confirmed the accuracy of Bering's research).
And only during the second expedition on July 16, 1741, the sixty-year-old Bering reached the shores of America on board the St. Peter packet ship. Thus began a short but entertaining Russian history of North America.
In 1772, the first Russian trading settlement was founded in Alaska. In 1784, Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov founded new settlements on Kodiak Island off the coast of Alaska and was actively engaged in the development of the island. Among other things, he instills a culture of agriculture in the local tribes and teaches them to grow turnips and potatoes. So, ironically, the potato had to circumnavigate the globe in more than two centuries to return to America again.
But not everything was so simple. The Eskimos were ready to trade in furs, but were not ready to seize their lands. During the "development" of the islands, Shelikhov killed about 2,000 Eskimos. And a few years before that, Lebedev's trading expedition was forced to leave these places, unable to withstand the struggle with the natives.
One way or another, but through cruel conquests and bribery, the Russians remain in Alaska.
In 1799, Emperor Paul I officially approves "Under the highest patronage of His Imperial Majesty the Russian-American Company", the founders of which were the same merchant and navigator Grigory Shelikhov and Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov, a prominent political figure, and then ambassador to Japan. It is Nikolai Rezanov who will become the prototype of the protagonist of Juno and Avos. It is curious that a few years before meeting with the beautiful young Conchita, Nikolai Rezanov marries the fifteen-year-old daughter of Grigory Shelikhov, Anna. And when after some time Shelikhov dies, Rezanov becomes the heir to his share of the company.
Nikolai Rezanov is a strange and mysterious figure. In 1803, Alexander I appointed Rezanov as ambassador to Japan. But for some reason, it was decided to combine the embassy to Japan with the first Russian round-the-world expedition, to which Rezanov was sent on the Nadezhda and Neva ships, led by Kruzenshtern, with the powers of nothing less than the "head of the expedition." This led to misunderstandings and quarrels, and eventually to a letter from Rezanov asking him to immediately execute Kruzenshtern for inciting a riot. Fortunately for Russian glory and science, the petition was not granted.
Meanwhile, the Russian-American Trading Company, combining commercial and state interests, continued its journey through North America. The first ruler of Russian America was in 1802 the merchant Alexander Baranov, whose name we can easily find today on the maps of Alaska.
A few years later, Rezanov will return to Alaska in Novo-Arkhangelsk ( Sitka ) and find the Russian settlement in a horrifying state. Constant skirmishes with the Aleuts and the almost complete lack of normal food (food was brought from Russia) led to the almost extinction of the town. And Rezanov, on ships whose name is now known to anyone, goes to San Francisco for provisions for the northern Russian colonies. Juno and Avos arrive in San Francisco in 1806. Where does the famous love story of the forty-two-year-old Rezanov, widowed by this time, and the young commandant's daughter begin. Today, historians believe that Rezanov's marriage to fifteen-year-old Conchita was a calculation on both sides: Rezanov needed food and trade relations with New Spain, and Conchita really wanted to leave for brilliant Europe from the small settlement of San Francisco, lost at the edge of the world. In the end, the girl's parents also did not mind, the wedding took place (with reservations), and the Juno, heavily loaded with grain, sailed north to Sitka . Rezanov went to St. Petersburg and died on the way, and Conchita went out to the cape every morning and looked at the ocean, waiting for her husband. It is curious that today one of the pillars of the Golden Gate Bridge stands exactly at this place.
It was Rezanov who came up with the idea of colonizing Northern California. In this he saw the only way for the survival of the settlements in Alaska and the development of the Russian-American Trading Company.
And already in 1812, Russian expansion moved far to the south and the very settlement “Fort Ross” was founded on the banks of the Slavyanka River (today we call it the Russian River) just 70 miles from San Francisco. Moreover, the first settlers were 25 Russians and 90 Aleuts. According to legend, the land was bought from the local tribe, as usual, for 3 blankets, 3 pairs of pants, a pair of hoes and a few bright beads.
Fort Ross remained the southernmost Russian settlement in America. Things were going well here. At the end of the 20s of the XIX century, the population was about 250 people, and 3 Russian ranches were even founded in the vicinity. Small ships were built here, cattle were raised, wool was exported and, of course, they were engaged in agriculture. It was the Russians who first planted vineyards in these places and noticed the remarkable qualities of the local microclimate, which today ensures the glory of Napa and Sonoma wines.
But the fort also had problems. New Spain, and then Mexico, were not entirely happy with the appearance of a Russian settlement on their lands and constantly tried to resolve this issue both diplomatically and not so much. The second big problem was its complete unprofitability for the Russian-American Trading Company. As a result, in 1837, Fort Ross was sold into private ownership to a Mexican citizen.
The interests of the company were not at all limited to Alaska, and then Northern California, in 1816, Dr. Schaeffer, on behalf of the Russian-American Trading Company, went to Hawaii with the mission of rescuing the Bering ship. He manages to establish relations with the ruler of the island of Kauai and even build 3 forts on the island, but American merchants and sailors, with the support of the Hawaiian king Kamehameha the Great, quickly survive the Russians from Kauai .
By the middle of the 19th century, it becomes clear that Russian possessions in North America (that is, Alaska) do not at all bring the profit that was dreamed of at the end of the 18th century. Defense and maintenance costs outweigh the benefits of the fur trade. On the other hand, the confrontation between Russia and Britain was expressed in open conflicts between the Russian-American Trading Company and the Hudson's Bay Company, which owned the territory of modern northwestern Canada. And on March 30, 1867, an agreement was signed on the sale of Alaska for 7.2 million US dollars in gold. By and large, everyone benefited from the sale of Alaska. And less than 30 years later, gold was found on the Klondike River and a completely different story began.
I have been watching video entitled, "Map Shows How Humans Migrated Across The Globe." It shows the coastal people starting in South East Asia. It seems their entire migration was along coast lines. But in South East Asia, they did not have the type of wood that the Native Canoes in British Columbia were made of. 5:12 I wonder what kind of wood they used.
Great question. Wood does not last long in the archaeological record usually, and most of these sites are probably buried in the ocean. My hunch is that at a high latitude during the Pleistocene it must have been an evergreen, like spruce.
@@JeffreytheLibrarian No. I was referring to when and where this migration group started in Asia from around Vietnam. I am looking for point A. Please look at the link I posted above.
I would add this argument to support the coastal migration theory: migration patterns of coastal fishes.
The pacific halibut, salmon and herring all follow a southerly migration pattern in the summers, which could be a reason for fisherman to follow along the same route.
I think the sea level is way lower tens of thousand of years ago, might not even require boat. May be the use ski instead when straits are frozen, ski can travel faster.
What about the bog people of Florida where flint from Europe was discovered
Boats are easy. With the huge logs available, 2 dugouts every 8-20 meters or skin on frame kayaks or bundles of bamboo. Big timber rafts also
In my humble opinion seafaring is under estimated in our deep history. We now believe Neanderthals used boats in the Med. We also suspect Homo erectus used seafaring in Southeast Asia. Imagine that, another species with language complex enough to organise a boat trip. The Polynesian expansions, recent as they were, show what humans can achieve with limited natural resources on this small watery planet.
I believe there is DNA evidence that connects peoples from Asia to North American natives. The arrival though is very likely what you suggest. There may also have been two migrations. The larger one once ice corridor was open.
"Migration" may be a misleading term (and counting "migrations" a fool's errand). It is more likely there was continual movement from east Asia to and through the Americas by people in both directions, gradually over multiple generations as populations grew and families sought fresh resources. From a historical perspective we're only interested in the furthest point people reached at any given point in time, but that doesn't mean it was a deliberate, planned expedition by intrepid explorers. Just each successive family looking for their own space.
So where were the ancestors of the ones who came from Europe.13,000 years ago? As the ones were crossing Beringia 13,000 years ago, who was living in the British Isles, mainland Europe and Asia at the same time?
The ice free corridor would have been the food free freezing swamp as well!
There were buffalo using it by 13,000 to 13,500, but also, lets remember that the corridor was open prior to the LGM as well! Anyone before 24,000 could have gone coastal or interior.
Thanks so much, appreciate it. (3) 💭🗺🌌🌟 1:03 1:56 3:18
Makes me wonder if this is what the movie 10,000BC was about
I don't think lack of early Western sites can be dismissed by just saying 'well, the sea rose and flooded them'. If 30,000yrs ago people were traveling inland to get to Pedea Furada then why didn't they venture inland down the West coast?
It is pretty well known that Clovis first only existed as long as it did in order to protect the research and theories of the people who controlled the institute of archeology and is no longer the predominant belief.
Finding the footprints in White Sands has changed not only time flame , but image of First Americans. There were no Mongoloid in that era (Dr. William Howells, Harvard) , so new question should be asked. Who were they? It's also already indicated that they were not mammoth hunters by experimental archaeology researchers. Peopling of America, new migration route & people, link with evidence in South America, ancient Luzia in Brazil has to be discussed now.
some foot prints in sand mean documented history is false? let me guess, Edison was a black man also?
Water is NOT an obstacle. Water is a highway.
.
Put some resources in the video so we can read this stuff and know where you are getting this info.
So, what makes you think that accent peoples from Europe didn't travel west on boats to the Americas, hunting and fishing along the ice shelf , much like modern inuits do today??? And why do you continue to call them Clovis people? Have any Clovis points been found west or north of modern day New Mexico? Clovis points have been found east of New Mexico.
As time goes on. I am pretty sure, a new theory. Will come to light for the east coast (Cactus Hill) will be given rise. It makes purfect sense when you take the politics out of it all. Facts always rise over feelings. And nothing stays the same over time regarding this subject.
Australia was connected by land to Asia 40,000 years ago and so was Britain with Europe and America with Asia until 9000 years ago. First water crafts were certainly not canoes, but log rafts, unable to withstand waves for long. I am sure, primitive floating devices were made by hominids as early as 1 Million years ago, but not for oceans, but for calm rivers and lakes to cross. We will never know for sure.
You didn't show on the map how the entire coastline was 300-400 feet lower in elevation, which exposed miles more coastline
A wood canoe would probably rot away very quickly and be less likely to turn up as an artfact.
In Southern New Mexico, at White Sands, footprints of humans, including children, have been dated to 21 - 23,000 years ago. White Sands also has fossil footprints of Pleistocene mega beasts. Another site in New Mexico dated to 37,000 years ago is at a butchered mammoth site.
The date of the human footprint is being disputed since the process used of the plant remains has not been used much on those plants.
Read the paper on the Rio Puerco mammoth site at 37 kya. It looks pretty solid. I expect the White Sands is valid as well. It will take a number of sites to be convincing, but it certainly suggests we should look for pre-LGM migrations.
@@mrbaab5932 I did find that paper questioning the dating, thanks! It is essential to question these things. I still expect the White Sands dates will hold, since there are more and more sites in that range or older...
Louis Leakey speculated that humans had been in the Americas for 50,000 years, and the more we learn the more it looks like he might have been right.
Easy to believe they used nice big canoes boats to travel large distance
5,600 years
hi
Agreed and they likely came from Europe too
only watching this because of my teacher
Where did the animals the canoeists ate come from?
They ate fish from the sea, and could stop along the shore anytime they wanted to if they followed the coastline.
@@michellefoulkes3766 I understand seals and seacows might have been used for food too. Seacows are now extinct.
You’re overlooking the Polynesian Hawaiian DNA.
How do they know that there' s a Bering land ,do they have proof or just a theory telling
I know people have been on this planet 850 million years
Video buffers a great deal. Difficult to watch.
Bravo.
So tired of the land bridge/ice free corridor worshippers.
Digging those 23,000 yr old footprints in White Sands as well....
Science Rocks!!!!!
To be clear, the land bridge is Beringia, and both coastal and ice free corridor routes started in Beringia.
@@nmarbletoe8210 Coastal could have started anywhere along the kelp highway....
Those 23,000 yr old footprints in White Sands kinda weakens the overland routes....
@@olyokie Ok yes I accept that, the coastal route could have skirted Beringia and gone through the Aleutians. I am a fan of the theory ever since an indian fellow at Mesa Verda told me his people came in a boat.
What is often not even mentioned is that the inland corridor was open prior to the LGM at 23,000. I would not rule out an Atlantic arctic route as well. Perhaps all three routes were important.
@@nmarbletoe8210
The inland corridor was open before 23,000 yrs ago?
That's the first I've read of that.
And yeah I like the solutrean hypothesis to a point.
They died out but their technology didnt....ie clovis.....
Native folk have been living and boating in arctic for eons...
Europeans still can't seem to grasp this simple point.
It makes sense the way you tell it. What the first settlers misidentified as Indians should have been labeled Asians.
Europe and Asia is One Continent called Eurasia, America is still connected to Eurasia look at the Continental shelf
Good comparison and contrast of theories. However the canoe boat coasting theory that East Coast North and South America +Carribean still seems far fetched with trips around treacherous Cape Horn for no known purpose except to spread...and the convienient lines drawn to inland sites like western Pennsylvania or Ohio from these intrepid Asian migrants seems as wishful thinking as the Clovis First land only corridor of the 13000 theory.
As boat tech has been discovered and accepted for 30k years ago in Austrailia/Indonesia as well as other places...it would seem that similarly evolved humans would be boating into far flung coastal and glacial boundary hunts from Europe as well. Long Island, Nova Scotia and the Carolinas seem a lot easier by hunting party canoes from Europe....than by Asiatics going all the way around.
For decades the hypothesis of the Clovis origin has been questioned, the convincing evidence of much older evidence has not stopped appearing and at the same time there has been some resistance to believing in them. Today it is difficult to deny the idea that ancient Asians would have arrived in Canoes due to the enormous amount of evidence
They didn't plan out their trip in advance and they didn't have maps. They just needed a place to live with fresh water and food. As their children and grandchildren grew, space and resources became limited so eventually some descendants would move a little further along the coast to unclaimed land. Over thousands and thousands of years a population can spread huge distances along the coast like this. No-one needed to go round Cape Horn, with the Caribbean being a few days hunting trip away from Pacific Central America, its more likely that the descendants of the guys who were living in that area spread out from there rather than going the "long way round." They would also spread inland along river routes.
The Europeans did indeed eventually develop boats that could cross the open seas and make the journey across the Atlantic but not before the 11th century CE. If any did it before then, they did not make it back and left no trace.
In the past there was no land bridge needed 12500yrs before the flood you could walk on land the sea has risen since then use your mine where ever you see the sea in the world today thats not wat iy looked like bac then
03:50 you say “the oldest sites in North America are not found in Alaska and Northern Canada” This is not true. The Blue Fish caves in Northern Yukon date to around 24,000 years ago. People lived there before the gap opened in the ice sheet, but Beringia was still allowing passage from Russia to Alaska.
Agree with the rest of your video that Migration happened in boats along the coast line to get past the ice sheet.
If the dating for Blue Fish caves is accurate, it would show humans in Alaska at a time that would be more or less concurrent with boat migration down the coastline. However, the point I was making is that if the Clovis-first perspective was correct, the oldest sites would be in Alaska some 11 or 12 thousand years ago, and they would continue down through Canada about that time to North America. However, we have folks all over the place long before Clovis.
@@JeffreytheLibrarian yes definitely. The Clovis club of archeology is outdated. Crazy how long it takes the wheels of science to change gears. Bluefish Caves is definitely accurate. It was rechecked just a few years ago, even though the original research happened and was rejected by all the Clovis researchers. And the original dating was for 24,000 years ago, again recently supported by a reexamination of the site.
It's older than 64,000 years.
It took 25,000 years for African ancestors to reach Siberia, starting out of East Africa 104,000 years ago.
It then took another 15,000 years for Native Americans, (from Siberia crossing into Alaska), to reach the tip of South America.
not sure a summary of what you are about to say is really that necessary in a 7 minutes video for being honest
Didn’t Neanderthals sail to Crete ?
That's interesting. I wouldn't use the word "sail," because that implies a sail boat technology that--as far as we know--nobody had in the Pleistocene. However, human populations had canoes. Maybe Neanderthals canoed to Crete? If so, that's a long way from the mainland, and it would likely be a similar situation as the Polynesians in the Pacific. Perhaps an accident or someone got thrown out during a storm, etc.
@@JeffreytheLibrarian colloquially used term. Not necessarily defining the method of propulsion. I suspect we’ve known things can float for a long time. Imagine children playing in a body of water when a dead tree floats down, they’re bound to try and climb on top of it and I don’t suspect Neanderthal or Denisovan children would be any different
Why ignore people coming from Europe via canoe?
In part because recent genetic haplotyping of remains doesn't support that hypothesis. All of the remains point to asiatic origins.
@@kirkvoelcker5272 ok but that doesn't totally exclude the idea of transportation via small boats from Europe...
In fact some may even say that Plato Socrates and even the ancients before them may have written or known about these types of long distant or rather global voyages...🙃...or maybe not who knows...
@@kirkvoelcker5272 - they might not have remains but studies have shown that Clovis points may have originated on the Iberian peninsula.
Because they are white. White people where hated back then because they were ancient buttheads.
@@-Stop-it According to genetic models, 70% of the DNA of Native Americans is AES (Ancient Eastern Siberians) and 30% ANE (Ancient North Eurasians). The ANE were related to the ancient Europeans hence part of the DNA is similar to the ancient Europeans, also the Clovis shared a "technology" similar to the ancient Europeans of the Iberian Peninsula, however the Clovis have Haplogroups Q just like the rest of Native Americans, however the Native Americans of Eastern Canada have Haplogroups X that are related to the ancient Europeans of the Iberian Peninsula. We do not know for sure where the ANE DNA in Native Americans comes from. At the moment, the most accepted hypothesis is that it comes from Ancient Asians, but it could also be the result of immigrations by Ancient Europeans
Ancient history is essential for everyone to know, especially the sixteen original civilizations.
1. The first inhabitants of Italy (K)
2. Thracians (L)
3. Siberians (N)
4. East Assists (O)
5. Medes (PQ)
6.. Western Europeans (R)
7. Mediterranean Greek sea people (T)
8. Hebrews and Arabic (IJ)
9. Elamites (H)
10. Assyrians (G)
11. Arameans (F1)
12. Lydians (F2)
13. Cushites (AB, C & D)
14. Egyptians (E3)
15. Canaanites (E2)
16. Original North African Phoenicians (E1)
The D haplogroup of Canaan migrated east all the way to Japan. The C haplogroup of Nimrod migrated to South Asia, the Pacific, Tibet, Mongolia and all the way to the Americas along with Q haplogroup descendants of Madai ancestor of the Medes.
The A maternal mtDNA haplogroup belonging to the N lineage accompanied the Q paternal haplogroup. The C&D maternal haplogroups belong to the M lineage. The B maternal haplogroup seems to have crossed the Pacific Ocean.
The Mediterranean paternal R1b and the maternal X2a also found in Galilee represent an Atlantic crossing of the Phoenicians in the days of King Solomon considering also the Mediterranean paternal haplogroups of T, G, I1, I2, J1, J2, E and B in addition to the R1b in Native American Populations.
They frequently find woolly mammoth well preserved just beneath the surface and frozen tundra that different body parts have millions of years of difference according to radiocarbon dating. If they went extinct millions of years ago you wouldn’t you wouldn’t find hair you wouldn’t find heads this close to the surface like they do all the time just there to think for yourself.
The last population of woolly mammoths we know of died about 4,300 years ago on Wrangel Island, after the Pyramids were built, after Stonehenge was started. Elephant-like mastodons had of course been around for millions of years prior, some evolving into modern mammoths and elephants.
So wait you mean people weren't native American.
Yeah, they didn’t literally emerge from earth like in tolkien
Could have monkeys traveled around the world back then before man??
I suppose the campfires of ancient humans melted the ice caps and changed our climate.
Impossible! Your telling me primitive tribes walked across Siberia then a frozen Pacific Ocean for nearly 1000 miles. What food? Where is the clean water? Then another 2000 miles to reach a somewhat habitable place. Oh btw… during the ice age.
But let me guess, Millions of B lacks made boats from tree trunks and sailed across the Atlantic ocean 🤣
Two likes and the vid isn’t working
Sorry about that. I think it was still getting processed on UA-cam's side. It should work now.
Let’s be accurate they are the. First immigrants.
'Peoples' is NOT A WORD THE PLURAL OF PERSON IS PEOPLE. Peoples is like saying mices, or deers, or yous. STOP IT., Just stop the poor grammar.
"Peoples," according to the Random House dictionary, is used as a plural when referring to:
"the entire body of persons who constitute a community, tribe, nation, or other group by virtue of a common culture, history, religion, or the like"
@@JeffreytheLibrariant was added after being used by so many ignorant people. It does no exist in the second edition of the MW un abridged dictionary
The land bridge disappeared? Damn climate change.........
The Inuit and The Dorset did not require a land bridge, ice free corridor, or coastal migration route. These are all paradigms that should be abandoned. It would take centuries after a split in a glacier to sustain megafauna migrations. Ridiculously illogical paradigms.
Poly evolution, , , ,it happened once (No, it didn't ), but since some think it did, then it must have happened hundreds of times.
Carbon dating isn’t accurate
Bringing up Clovis first at this pint is just virtue signaling for a religious cult!
Clovis first is definitely obsolete. However, it keeps popping up.
@@JeffreytheLibrarian only when the cult members bring it up 🫤
You sound boring when you talk
The LIES! The LIES! The LIES!
According to the Bible ( KJV) The Earth is about 6.000 Years old. Guess who I'm going with! God's Word means more then man's Ignorance.
Ignorance is believing in the boogeyman.
@@darb4091 The Boogyman knows what your saying. He's All around you. When you sleep. He's looking at your heart.
According to the Bible, the earth is not dated. You cannot get the age of the earth from the genealogies given. They are incomplete. You cannot just add up the years of lifespans from Adam.
You are actually believing a theory by a man from the 17th century. Archbishop James Ussher.
Oh how old is the Bible?
@@jamesojeda9351 Ask God! But do you know Him. He knows you.