Who Was the Pharaoh of the Exodus?
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- Опубліковано 8 кві 2023
- It’s one of the most common questions in the world of biblical archaeology: Who was the pharaoh of the Exodus? This ruler is mentioned numerous times in the Bible. Yet the question of his actual name, and his precise place in Egyptian history, has plagued believers, philosophers, archaeologists, historians and scholars for centuries-thousands of years, in fact.
On today’s program, host Brent Nagtegaal interviews Let the Stones Speak writer Christopher Eames about who the most probable candidate is.
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Everyone who has seen the movie knows that Yul Brynner was Pharaoh during the Exodus.
That is funny. But it is not wise to laugh too hard at prophets.
That’s a good one!😂
Yup! 🤣😂🤣😂😉😎😁
That’s hilarious.
@Daniel Rutschman who is the prophet Pharoah or Yul?
Maybe destroying Hapshetsut stuff was tied into destroying any reference to Moses.
It makes sense that the Exodus happened in the early 18th Dynasty, as the Book of Exodus opens with the remark that a Pharaoh came along who didn't know about Joseph. If Joseph served a Pharaoh during either the Middle Kingdom or the Second Intermediate Period, then the rise of the New Kingdom (and a completely different line of rulers) would explain this. Plus, the Hyksos, who conquered much of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, are generally thought to be of semitic origin (although things aren't 100% clear). This could account for the Pharaohs of the 18th Dynasty, who expelled the Hyksos from Egypt, having a natural antipathy towards the Israelites, leading to their persecution.
The Hyksos never got much farther than the Nile Delta. The Thebans (Egyptians) constantly kept them in check until Kamos defeated them. The new king would be Amose I, the brother of Kamos, who died in battle. The Hyksos also ruled lower Egypt for a mere 90 years, narrowing the timeline significantly. Note that Joseph had died at a ripe old age many years before Kamos conquered Lower Egypt from the Hyksos.
Creation 4119 before the change of times
flood 2463-2462
ʾAbrām/ʾAbrāhām 2111-1934
2036 mooving to Kenaʿan and Mizrayim, meeting with Mentuhotep II -> 430 a until the Exodos
2011 Jīzchāq born
2006 weaned, Hagār und Yischmāʿēʾl sent away -> 400 a under influence of Kemet
1874 Yaʿaqōb flees to the Uncle
1867 marriages 1 and 2 of 4
1867/1866 Reʾūbēn born
Gad and ʾĀschēr where twins, as Sebulūn and Dīnāh
1860 Yōsēph born
1854 Yaʿaqob returns to Kenaʿan
1843 Yōsēph sold to Potiphar, Chiefbodyguard of (Sesostris III) Senwosret Chai-kau-Re ≈1882-arround 1842 3X Years
1830 Yōsēph meets Amenemhet III Ni-maat-Re ≈ 1842-1795 ≈ 10-19 Years coregent of his father
1832 1st bad year
1821 the family moves to Kemet -> 215 a until the Exodos
1686 Moschēh born
1694-1685 Cha-Nefer-Re Sobekhotep IV
Daughter of the Pharaoh is just a title for his wife. Confirmed by the history and Maneto.
1646 Flight to Mideyān from Meri-kau-Re Sobekhotep VII arround 1646-1644 BC, the 7th-10tb after Sobekhotep IV.
1607 return after the death of Djed-hotep-Re Dedumose I?, to Djed-nefer-Re Dedumose II (Timaios) Maneto
1st plague August/September
1606 7th plague January/February,
9th plague March Chamsin or Vulkan, 10th plague March/April -> 40 a
11th plague Hyqsos invasion
1605 errection of the Tent of Encounter or Get-together 2 spys -> 599 a until 1st house
1567 -> 300 a until Yāʾīr
1566-1560 conquest of the Holy Land
1560-1546 rest
1546 Kūshān-Rishathayim
1267-1249 Yāʾīr
1227-1221 Yipthach
1095-1056 Shāʾūl
1056-1016 Dāwīd
1016-976 Shelōmōh
1013-1006 templeconstruction. 480 a + 114 a of evil rulers before and after the Juges
976 Rechabʿām 1Kgs 12 ->390 a
975- Yarobeʿam bēn Nebat
918-897 ʾAchab
886-858 Yehu
727-698 Yehiskiyāhū
722 Yissrāʾēl deported in 4 steps
606 Dānīʾēl deported to Bāb-ilani
597 Yechēzqʾēl deported
586 Yerūschālajim destroyed, 3rd deportation of Yehūdāh
582 4th deportation
538 beginning of the return
445 Neh 1 -> 69×7a×360 d until Palmsunday
arround Sukkōth 2 Yēschūaʿ born
arround Chanukāh 3 magicians from Pars-a
arround February 1 Hērōdēs the Great died
CANGE OF THE TIMES
Pässach 11 Yēschūaʿ in the Templarea
End 28 Yōchānān the Baptist
January 29 baptism of the Lord
15th Nīsān, 10th (12th) April 32 Golgotha
1Kgs 3:1 Pa-seba-chai-en-niut-meri-Amun I Aa-cheper-Re-setep-en-Amun arround 1040-arround 994
14:25 971 Shishak Scheschonq-meri-Amun-netjer-heqa-Iunu „Sjsk“ Hedj-cheper-Re setep-en-Re? 946-24 Much to early.
2Kgs 17:4 Soʾ is Sheshonq VI 727-715?
Pianchi/Pije/Meriamunpianchi User-maat-Re/Men-cheper-Re 746-716 BC???
MeriAmun Osorkon IV Aa-cheper-Re-setep-en-Amun 732/730-715/713 BC???
18,21 Schebitko/Schabataka Djed-kau-Re 716-707/706
Jer 24,30 Ez 29,2 Chophraʿ Wah-ib-Re/Haa-ib-Re 10th February iulianic 589-570
Isa 19:4 It was not until around 670 before the "birth of Christ" that Psammetich I (664-610; Father of Nekau II Wehem-ib-Re 610 to 595 2Kgs 23:29-39 2Chr 35:20; 36:4 Jer 46:2), brought the sub-kingdoms together under his harsh rule.
He uprooted 120,000 locals who were to build the Suez Canal in hard forced labor.
The grandson of Chophraʿ Wah-ib-Re/Haa-ib-Re (February 10, jul. 589 to 570 before the "birth of Christ" Jer 44:30, the son of Psammetich II Nefer-ib-Re 595-February 9, 589), is overthrown by local troops in 570.
This was the end of the hated rule of the dynasty of Psammetich I
Eze 30,32 at the further invasions in Bāb-ilani. This was his end.
Thank you for another great interview with Chris Eames! He is so well spoken and easy to understand, much appreciated!
Gentlemen, the first time I started into this (confessing, now) I thought it was rough to follow... but then it started to click... by the time I was done, I watched this 5 or 6 times, and and 11 hours into it. I timelined Moses to Joseph and had a wonderful time. This was truly amazing. And the weblink was great, too. Thanks!
Is there a link available to see the timeline(s) of the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh's and the biblical dates therein? For example, numerous sites suggest the conquest started in 1406BC (Jericho evidence)... leading to add 40 years for the Exodus start (thus, 1446BC). But that doesn't match Amenhotep II's timing from several timeline charts. What am I missing? THANKS!!!
@@DrMatt-dl7ty Did you catch this one? Joel goes through a lot of the arguments for the various sides:
ua-cam.com/video/2JusQxiTXnE/v-deo.html
@@DrMatt-dl7ty Your missing the truth that The Pharaoh didn't live after The Exodus as this guy or Hollywood says! Psalms tells us The Pharaoh was shook off in The Red Sea! These guys, are wrong! Plus so called scholars got the date wrong too!! The Exodus would be around 1447 , or 1446 BC!! And that even depends on the accuracy of the so called time line too! And Hollywood is way off from actual facts! But that's nothing new about old Holly!
The correct Date according the chronology of biblical events is 1606 BC.
@@Morewecanthink How you come up with that date?
Thank you for the playlist!!! The video are so very informative and have changed my life entirely. Keep up the most profound Earth shaking work that you have done from the beginning. You are greatly admired and highly regarded! Keep it up and may God guide and bless you all. Thank you always! Oh yes, btw...the Table of The Conquest Territory by Territory is absolutely Brilliant! I too had never seen a graphic or table laid out like that and began to wonder why I hadn't as it seemed so much clearer. Amazing!
Thank you so much for making this fascinating research available to everyone - free of charge! God bless you all!
Just how is this fascinating? Both these people, and Hollywood, say that The Pharaoh lived after The Exodus, which is unscriptural! Psalms 136:15 says that both Pharaoh and his army were shook off into The Red Sea! Therefore, your getting false information, and Hollywood garbage!
It is beyond dispute that Amenhotep II was the Pharaoh of the Exodus, and his mother Hatshepsut was the "daughter of Pharaoh" that drew Moses from the Nile River. His father Thutmose III was the Pharaoh that "knew not Joseph." No other Pharaoh in history perfectly matches the timing and events that occurred around Amenhotep II. He was NOT the firstborn (Amenemhat) of his father Thutmose III as his brother was killed in the Passover, and only Thutmose III reigned long enough (52 years) to allow Moses the 40+ years that he was "groomed" by God in Midian. Amenhotep II was on the throne in 1446 BC, the Biblical timing of the Exodus based on the timing of the building of the first temple by Solomon.
This information comes from a document (Menetho) that no longer exists and is sourced through Josephus. Many scholars conveniently fail to state, that Josephus rejects Menetho's argument. Thus we have no credible sourcing for Amenhotep II. Consider that Egypt, up until Rameses III, was immensely powerful and would easily crush the Israelites. The loss of the Chariots of Pi-Rameses would not have stopped a vengeful and powerful Egypt, especially over generations. So it is a fool hearty effort. The only safety margin for the Israelites was the permanent decline that took place under the Pharoah Rameses III. This also explains the pressure of the Iron Age collapse going on at the same time. Given the power and ruthless nature of Hatshepsut and subsequent monarchs, I find it extremely unlikely that Moses and the Exodus could have taken place in Her timeline. Also, The new king was Amose I the first theban and New Kingdom Pharoah, whose brother defeated the Hyksos and would have taken the Hyksos allies as slaves. This lines up with the Joseph narrative and the 430 years mentioned in Exodus and the Famine being associated with the last Thera (Santorini) eruption about 1600 BC. 1600BC+430 years in Egypt (Jacob's move to Goshen) and you get 1170BC ( Rameses III). And that timeline works nicely into the rest of the biblical timeline right through Daniel to Artaxerxes II and to Jesus.
Oh, yeah, Pi-Rameses was not built until Rameses II and we have the archeology showing a stable complex capable of serving 600 chariots. These troops were used in the war against the Hittites and stationed at the Pi-Ramese as a rapid reaction force. Pi-Rameses was the Summer residence of Pharoah. Pi-Rameses is near Goshen (where the Hebrews had land). The exodus started in Pi-Rameses went through Goshen and headed through the Red Sea. Pi-Rameses is one of the two cities mentioned in Exodus built by the Hebrew slaves. None of this could have possibly taken place before Rameses built Pi-Rameses. I wonder if these scholars actually read the Biblical text, or just drop acid on Menetho?
@@christarr7006Ramses II fits none of the criteria for the Exodus pharaoh.
🤷🏻♀️
It is easily disputed. Goshen is near Avaris, the capital of the Hyksos. Had a theban pharaoh been the one who brought the Hebrews to Egypt, they would have settled near Thebes. Slavery and exodus story cannot be earlier than the Middle Kingdom or latter in the new kingdom. The cause of the famine was the Thera eruption, there were no other cataclysmic event for hundreds of years before or after. The Hebrews were captives of Amos I whose brother conquered the Hyksos. 430 year from the reign of Amose puts Moses birth in SETI I or Ramases all reign.
Amenhotep 2nd is correct. Undisputed.. his father reigned more than the 40 paid years needed for the Pharoah of captivity and amenhotep 2nd lost first born son due to plagues.. none of the others named fit..undisputed
Terrific video! Informative and well presented. Thank you.
This is amazing, thank you my friends!!
Clearest presentation on this subject I’ve seen to date. Thank you.
This is amazing!
Thank you Armstrong Institute & Brent Nagtegaal
Thank you for your comprehensive research Christopher Eames
Thank you God!
Very interesting show today guys, thank you.
Fantastic interview , thank God for people like this who are diligent in their work.
I had this in bit and pieces - thank you for so clearly and concisely putting it together!
Very interesting, I enjoyed this immensely! I also read the article it’s quite convincing. I’ve watched this video 3 times, and am sure I will come back frequently to watch again, thank you for your research and explanation!
Just how is this interesting? Both these people, and Hollywood, say that The Pharaoh lived after The Exodus, which is unscriptural! Psalms 136:15 says that both Pharaoh and his army were shook off into The Red Sea! Therefore, your getting false information, and Hollywood garbage!
Thank you so much! I had been wondering if I was the only one seeing the connections in the time lines. Your research is helping me a lot with my upcoming exams.
You should make sure you read up on at least some of the other approaches to the Exodus before committing to a view. The article completely misrepresents the case that is made in favour of Rameses II being the Pharaoh of the Exodus (it explicitly claims that " there is no archaeological or historical evidence supporting this conclusion", when late date advocates (like James Hoffmeier - who he actually cites) point to a couple of dozen pieces of Biblical and Archaeological evidence in support of their case. They have archaeological evidence of the departure of a large Semitic group from Egypt at the right time, a number of passages in Exodus that seem to be setting the story at this point in Egyptian history, and a much better case for the Israelites arriving in Canaan at around the right time for their date.
Wow! I’m so glad I love Egyptian history!! I could keep up with each Pharaoh he spoke about.
Then how about this longer biblical List of names? Most certain, some possibilities, the Timeline is correct.
The very good Documentaries Petterns of Evidence messed with it in the last ¼ Hour of the 1st Movie.
Do the Math please:
Yehūdā was carryed away to Băb-illani 4th 582
3rd 586 (starting Point of ALL THaNaKH Timecalculations)
2nd 597
1st 606.
Yissāʿēl was Carried away to Ashshūr 722.
Hes 4 states Rehabeam became King and his foolish decisions split and parted the Kingdom finally 390 Years before the Destruction of Yerūschālayim.
Before this we had 3 Kings, who ruled each 40 Years.
Then we had 450 Years of the Judges. Including 114 lost ones with forreign Rulers, that were not counted for the building of the Temple.
X Rest
6 Conquest
40 Dessert (39th Year until Yiphtach 300)
=> Exodos 1606 and X=14 (114-(580-480))
400 Years after Hagār and Yishmāʿēʾl where send away when Yītzchāq was 5, 430 after ʾAbrāms arrival in Kenaʿan
=> Gen 12,15 Mentuhotep II 2061-2010 BC
39,1 Chai-kau-Re Senwosret III (Sesostris III) 1882-1842
Ex 1,15 (1,8 too or an other King after Yosēphs death 1750) Cha-Nefer-Re Sobekhotep IV arround 1694-1685 BC
1686
2,11 1646 Moshē was 40 Years old.
2,15 Meri-kau-Re Sobekhotep VII um 1646-1644 BC The 7th-10th after Sobekhotep IV.
Midyan is ʿarabīya as-saʿūdīya.
2,5 Neros his WIFE (Daughter is just a Title, as this Video says correct.)
2,23 Djed-hotep-Re Dedumose I at the End of the 13. Dynastie
during 40 Years 1607
3,15 Djed-nefer-Re Dedumose II (Timaios)
1st Kings 3,1 Pa-seba-chai-en-niut-meri-Amun Psusennes I arround 1040 until arround 994 vor „Christi Geburt“
14,25 Shishak was Scheschonq-meri-Amun-netjer-heqa-Iunu "Sjsk" Edwin R Thiele sadly got his Chronology wrong by up to 45 years for the early Kings. 971
2nd Kings 17,4 Soʾ is Sheshonq VI 727-715 BC?Pianchi/Pije/Meriamunpianchi Men-cheper-Re 746-716 BC???
MeriAmun Osorkon IV Aa-cheper-Re-setep-en-Amun 732/730-715/713 BC???
18,21 Schebitko/Scha ba ta ka Djed-kau-Re 716 bis 707/706
Jer 24,30 Hes 29,2 Wah-ib-Re/Haa-ib-Re/Chophraʿ 10. Februar jul. 589 bis 570 vor „Christi Geburt“
Das Anagramm ʿOphrach könnte die unterschwellige Botschaft „Sollte Ra sich schämen?“ sein.
30,32 Bei den weiteren Invasionen Babels. Das war das Ende.
Jer 24,30 Hes 29,2 Wah-ib-Re/Haa-ib-Re/Chophraʿ 10. Februar jul. 589 bis 570 vor „Christi Geburt“
Das Anagramm ʿOphrach könnte die unterschwellige Botschaft „Sollte Ra sich schämen?“ sein.
30,32 Bei den weiteren Invasionen Babels. Das war das Ende.
@@ThomasFuchs7 umm…what!?
@@susancady2581 What do You mean? It is a cleare timeline with sources. Okay. The name of the "Daughter" Neros or Merris and her Husband's Thronename are from Artapános (About the Jews) and the Thronename of the Pharao of the Exodos is from Maneto. That I did not Mention. The Dates are from the Bible and the time they ruled are from Wikipedia. 586 is a Date confimed by multiple astronomicle Constallations given for a certain Point in Nabū-kudurrī-uṣur's Life. This I did not Mention.
Very nicely done, and meticulously researched. Thank you.
That was a very interesting & informative video.
This is incredible. I have recently taken a keen interest in biblical archaeology precisely because so many recent discoveries support various biblical accounts. I find this fascinating, the ancient history of the world comes to life and intertwines with the history of the Jewish nation as it is told in the Bible. You don't have to be religious to find the subject very interesting. Particularly, I am intrigued by the notion that Hatshepsut might have been the Pharaoh's daughter who brought Moses up. Fabulous stuff.
“The Bible Came from Arabia “, Kamal Salibi,1985 plus his 3 other bible study books.
Well, which water body did Moses MPBH crossed over?
"so many recent discoveries support various biblical accounts"
Wrong.
Those discoveries support the existence of biblically named individuals and locations in the archaeological record.
That is a long, long way from proving that those individuals and locations were involved in the narratives of the bible.
Case in point the Exodus story of baby Moses floating down the Nile river in a reed basket and being adopted by the ruling nobility of Egypt.
This story is almost to the letter identical to a famous story of Sargon the Great - the founding father of the Akkadian empire (the first known empire to have ever existed).
The only differences are names and places - Moses for Sargon, Nile for Euphrates, and Egyptians for Sumerians.
It should be noted that Akkadian and Israelite are both semitic languages - it is far from unlikely that the Israelites knew of this story given that Israel was founded in a region once occupied by the Akkadian empire.
Another show stopper is biblical King Solomon.
Evidence for a real King Solomon does exist in the archaeological record of the Levant - but the kingdom he ruled over was far smaller than the biblical narrative describes.
What the biblical narrative describes does however match the greatest, most powerful pharaoh of the most politically powerful era of dynastic Egypt.
aka Amenhotep III - father to Akhenaten, and grandfather to Tutankhamun.
The description in the bible matches the size of Egypt's dominion over its neighbors during his reign and many of his known complimentary pharaonic epithets.
The bible used historical characters and places as a backdrop to stage a narrative that fits the desired outcome of the author.
In the case of the Exodus it appears that anti Egyptian and pro Isrealite propaganda was the desired outcome.
What the archaeological record tells us is that around 1,200 BCE the Israelites suffered a great defeat in battle along with 3 other Canaanite city states against Egyptian pharaoh Merneptah - we know this because Merneptah commissioned a stele to commemorate the victory.
(that victory stele is famous for containing the first reference anywhere in the archaeological record to Israel by name)
This is important because it sets a historical precedence for Israel having a reason to create demonising narratives about Egypt.
The fact that the pharaoh is not directly named is an indication that the author feared that the historical records of Egypt would be well enough known that the narrative of the Exodus would not carry water at the time it was written simply because any Israelite could check the histories and find nothing during the reign of that pharaoh to match the events described.
@@mnomadvfx I pray that you seek to know God as a personal endeavor with a sincere heart to find if He is true or not.
@@mnomadvfx Verry similar storrys in the Bible, and Sargon and Gilgamesh and many others. Yes. The Flood is in many Tales arround the whole World. Why? All Humans have nearly the 1st 11 Chapters in Comon. But there are huge Differences an the Stories of the Creation and the Flood. But the Bible has the Original from with all other Religions coppied. And badly.
Patterns of Exodus made everything right, until they made it kaputt in the last ≈16 Minutes with their unnecessary and false Corrections. They HAD everything.
Do the Math please:
Yehūdāh was deported to Băb-illani 4th 582
3rd 586 (starting Point of ALL THaNaKH Timecalculations)
2nd 597
and 1st 606.
Yissāʿēl was deported to Ashshūr 722.
Hes 4 states Rechabʿām became King and his foolish Decisions split and parted the Kingdom finally 390 Years before the Destruction of Yerūschālayim. The Root of the separation was already in Kemet.
Before him we had 3 Kings, who ruled each 40 Years.
Then we had 450 Years of the Judges. Including 114 lost Years with forreign Rulers, that were not counted for the building of the Temple.
X Rest
6 Conquest
40 Dessert (39th Year until Yāīr's 1st 300, according to Yiphtach 40 Years later)
=> Exodos 1606 and X=14 (114-(580-480)),
400 Years after Hagār and Yishmāʿēʾl where send away, when Yītzchāq was 5 and 430 Years after ʾAbrām's arrival in Kenaʿān
=> Gen 12,15 Mentuhotep II 2061-2010 BC
39,1 Chai-kau-Re Senwosret III (Sesostris III) 1882-1842
Ex 1,8 Cha-Nefer-Re Sobekhotep IV arround 1694-1685 BC
1686
2,11 1646 Moshēh was 40 Years old.
2,15 Sobekhotep VII Meri-kau-Re arround 1646-1644 BC The 7th-10th after Sobekhotep IV.
Midyan is ʿarabīya as-saʿūdīya.
2,5 Merris his WIFE (Daughter is just a Title, as this Video says correct.)
2,23 Dedumose I Djed-hotep-Re? at the End of the 13th Dynasty
during 40 Years 1607
3,15 Dedumose II Djed-nefer-Re (Timaios)
1Kings 3,1 Pa-seba-chai-en-niut-meri-Amun Psusennes I arround 1040 until arround 994 Before „Christ's Birth“
2Kings 23,29 Nekau II Wehem-ib-Re 610-595
605
That' Hubert Armstrong picture on the wall I read a lot of his writings . I knew a man who took care of his son Gardner when he was young
One of the best I have ever watched. Every time I wanted to make a comment you answered.
Thank you so much, off to read the article!
I’d love to see a detailed timeline of this theory!
I'm just blown away by this information! I can't wait to read the article. It's so fascinating and incredibly confirms the biblical accounts beyond question! 😊 great job in researching and thoroughly setting the stage for this. See what incredible information can be obtained when first studying scriptures! Basing archeological facts according to the Bible?!! So good!
Not really, there was no Exodus, it is a fiction.
This and Patterns of Evidence gives you Tons of proofs. Archaeological ones. Search the Exodos in 1606, the Conquest of the Holy Land in 1566-1560, the Judges in 1546-1096, Shāʾūl in 1096-1056, Dāwīd in 1056-1016, Shelōmō the next 40 years, 1st Temple 1012-586, Yissrāʿēʾls Exile in Northiraq from 722 on, Yehūdās in Southiraq from 606, 597, 586 and 582 on Neh 2,1 in 455, The Lord's Birth in September/October 2 BC, King Hērōdēs' the Great's Death after a total Lunar Eclipse before Pessach in 1 BC, John the Baptist from 28 AD (15th Year of Tiberius) on Baptism of the Lord January 29, Crucifiction Friday 15th Nīsān 11th April 32 Iulianic Calender, in our Calender 2 Days earlier, Abrāhām's Birth 2111, Creation 4119, Flood 2463 and You find everything you need. More than enough.
ua-cam.com/users/livevBZnEq1JC84?feature=share
How does it confirm anything biblical? I don't get your point.
@@ianshears5341 This Interview confirms nothing than that Patterns of Evidence is very goos work except for the last 15, 16 Minutes.
But the Movie combined with all biblical Data and some Jewish Traditions with the Names explain and proof nearly everything. See above.
No it doesn’t 🙄🙄🙄
I really enjoyed this interview. ⭐👍⭐
Excellent summary. Thank you.
When you actually compile a checklist of qualifications for the Exodus Pharaoh, it makes you wonder why we have been misled about his true identity for so long! 🤔
Mary Nell Wyatt (Ron Wyatt's wife) wrote an excellent book on this topic called " Battle for the Firstborn".
Thanks so much for this wonderful insights,
I am subscribed and following
Fantastic interview
Your article was top notch!!! I have read it twice now and I am amazed at how clear, concise and well worded it was. You guys' writing has come along so well over the years~ Very Well Done Indeed!
Could you link the article? It would be much appreciated
How is this well done, when it's totally inaccurate to what scripture says? These guys are say The Pharaoh lived,...yet scripture says The Pharaoh died, with his army in The Red Sea! So what...you gonna believe these guys over what scripture says?
@@ANTYQUE Appreciated...why? These guys are saying The Pharaoh lived , yet Psalms tell us that The Pharaoh died right along with his army in The Red Sea! I think you people rather listen to Hollywood garbage than actual scripture!
You absolutely need to read Mary Nell Wyatt's "THE BATTLE FOR THE FIRSTBORN The Exodus and Death of Tutankhamun" to see great evidence for the compounded flaws of Egyptology. You're right on with many of your assessments, Chris.
The Wyatt's are not credible. They are charlatans. You would do best to ignore their claims.
That was the best discussion of the Exodus Pharaoh I have ever heard. Excellent!
If you think this is good, you should check out Ancient Egypt and the Bible hosted by Dr. David Falk.
Thank you both!
In my opinion, I think the story of Exodus enlists with a number of pharaohs in the beginning starting with Amenhotep II and ending with Seti I. I think Moses was adopted by SETI’s sister a little known queen named Tanedjmet and grew up with the Early rammeside kings witnessing them come to power. Seti was very active in the military in those days before coming to power himself.
Did you listen to the whole interview?
@@scottsmith4145 I did
Dynasty XIX is too late for the Exodus. I Kings 6:1 says Solomon began building the Temple in the 480th year after the Exodus, which comes out to 1446 B.C., some two centuries prior to Ramses II.
Based on what?
Some 20 years ago I read Adolph Erman's book. I concluded that the pharaoh of the exodus must be somewhere in this time frame. I was trying to place the pharaoh of the exodus later, perhaps immediately prior to Amenhotep IV. Your chronology is a much better fit. Thank you for doing this work.
I'm curious about how this timeline fits with the story of Joseph. We have a timeline from Joseph to Moses and also a famine which brought people to Egypt. We also have an account of what seems to be an end of the Old Kingdom system of land ownership which the biblical account indicates was driven by the famine of Joseph's time. Likewise we have accounts of two high ranking court officials in Joseph's story and perhaps we could even find evidence of Joseph serving as an official. The biblical account also indicates that Joesph's wife was the daughter of a priest of On which would likely place him as living at Heliopolis which seems to fit with the biblical description of the Hebrews living in nearby Goshen. We have the 22nd century BC drought which seems to precipitate the first intermediate period which was marked by famine. Have you done any research in this direction?
It doesn't.
“The Bible Came from Arabia “, Kamal Salibi plus his 3 other bible study books.
@@davidrandell2224 In the ancient world, Arabia was anything East of the "Wall of the Pharaoh" moat, which was about 30 miles east of the Nile.
So, which Arabia is he referring to?
@@ThrashLawPatentsAndTMs Modern day Arabia. THM (Tehom) in Gen.1:2 refers to the Tihamah regions of western Arabia, Hijaz, Asir and Yemen not the ‘deep.’ All OT events, except Jonah, took place in western Arabia.
1st Intermediate Period is too soon for Joseph. It’s likely the Middle Kingdom.
Great research and explanation!
Thank you for sharing!
Ok this is nuts, amenhotep II body is preserved for us to see today…..
your saying i can look at a man who knew MOSES…😳….holy cow!!
Thank you Lord for this🙏🏻
I have seen this shift from Ramses before! But it's great to see it so nicely put foward here.
The details about Hapshetsut, and Tutmoses III, and the transition to Akenaton's monotheism, are great!
When I was younger, and read about Akenaton's monotheism, I use to say to myself it's because of Yahweh or the Moses factor, ignoring scholars septicism.
Atenism is monotheistic, but the worship was not analogous to Yahwism (early/proto Judaism) apart from the adherence to a single god.
Also there are indications that Akhenaten's father Amenhotep III may have laid the foundations for Atenism prior to his own death, and that Akhenaten was merely continuing in his fathers footsteps to erase the power of the various priesthoods of the Egyptian gods who had amassed power and wealth to equal or even exceed the pharaoh.
Last point - the archaeological record actually points to Egypt ruling over the region of Israel during the time Atenism was ascendant.
If anything the Israelites got their idea to go monotheistic from Egyptians rather than the reverse.
Especially as Atenism is truly monotheism worhsiping only the sun disc, and Judaism as monotheism is a lot shakier than people realise.
Notice that many of the named angels in the Torah/Old Testament have a name ending with "el".
Michael, Raphael, Gabriel, Zadkiel, Uriel and Jophiel to name a few.
This is problematic because Hebrew is in fact a Canaanite derivative language - and the word "el" in Canaanite means god, it was in fact the name of various Canaanite cultures chief god.
aka all the els mentioned are in fact gods of an early pagan Israelite pantheon that were demoted first to lesser gods as the cult of Yahweh gained prominence, and then no more than mere servants to the true El, aka El Shaddai as the Israelites progressed from the earlier Yahwism to something more concrete during the 1st millennium BCE.
Akheneton is muslim worshiper of one god
I agree with you, Carlos. Akenaton might not have known who the one true God was, but he definitely knew he was out there because of what had happened with the Israelites. Mountain Nomad VFX is just repeating the same tired points we are now finally seeing refuted.
@@bachakabul1532
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may this touch your heart
@@bachakabul1532 no
I very much enjoyed the video and the article, thank you. I loved the additional information added around the article and I believe that it is based on very well explored and researched archeology and information. I have one question please? Was Amenhotep II also a second son? I have done a little preliminary research and found out that he more than likely the second son, it would have been interesting if you explored that in your article as well. If you did I apologise for missing it. But I truely love someone open to biblical truth and evidence who isn't afraid to share it with the rest of us. Thank you.
Great research, clears a lot of clutter of confusion
I am extremely interested in this subject.. thank you so much for doing this research. It makes total sense. Will you be going the next step and calculating who was Joseph’s Pharaoh? I would love to hear that too. Thank you again
I have HEARD Joseph's pharaoh was Khufu. If sucj is the case, joseph was the architect of the pyramids
@@reesedds I thought Imhotep was the architect of the pyramids. Beware in getting them confused. 😬
The Pharoah(s) during Joseph would have been the Hykos, of the Levant and Canaanite areas. They ruled in Northern Egypt, Thebes, Goshen, etc. While other Pharaoh's ruled in the south. They were chased ot at the end of the 17th dynasty by Ahmose I, (check my spelling) who started the 18th dynasty, in which Moses and the Exodus happened under Amonhotep II. This is why Exodus starts out by say a new king took over who knew not Joseph (bc he was ruled under the Hykos, when a new southern Pharoahs took over and would not have known nor cared of his history). Hope this helps.
@@justina77 So what was the name of Joseph's pharoah?
@@KM-ul3pf from what information i have found it would have been Apepi (a Hykos king), who was a contemporary (ruling at the same time) to the Pharoah Ahmose I.
Wow!
I've read in E.A. Wallis Budge and Toby Wilkinson about some of the things Amenhotep II did during his reign, like hanging the chiefs of Nubia from the side of boat, but I wasn't area of that his cruelty superseded that of other pharaohs.
Amenhotep II definitely seems to have been an unusually ruthless pharaoh for his time.
Excellent! Thanks so much!
Well laid out and deeply analytical in how it fits perfectly
I tend to think cultures based on conquering war and success in war not to mention the massive egos of these self proclaimed "gods "
Were not so keen on recording what they must of seen as failures.
Yep……..pretty well documented that ancient Egyptians did not record losses or embarrassments to the pharaohs
Excellent video backed up by both the Bible and archeological evidence. I had to double check the notion that the pharaoh of the Exodus did not drown in the Red Sea. In fact, if you go back to the Hebrew rather than relying on English translations, this is a possibility!! WOW!
No...Akhenaten didn't drown in the Sea Of Reeds. He just didn't live very long AFTER he returned, without his ELITE Household guard. He was buried, but not as a mummy. His remains show he died screaming. And his whole history was tared out. But YHWH has always known. Akhenaten's death brought only pain and grief to Moses. They HAD grown up together and had shared many good times. Moses really just wanted him to STOP acting like he was The Holy One of The LORD...
@@supernautacus There’s now evidence that the Israelites crossed at the Gulf of Aqaba and went into Saudi Arabia. Mt. Sinai (the Mountain of God) is in Arabia, not the Sinai Peninsula. See Gal. 4:25.
@@ethercruiser1537 ...Try to tell me THAT, in 2026 - ^_^
@@truthhandler6828 Great pyramid?
40= trials, probation, testing, chastisement (not judgement), 5X8= action of grace (revival, renewal), 4X10= renewed or extended rule or dominion
-above information from “The Living Word” by C. J. Lovik
@@truthhandler6828 Fantastic! But the real Mt. Sinai (Jebel al Lawz) is in Saudi Arabia. You can do a search and see some videos for yourself that documents evidence for it as given in Exodus.
great. bless you for focusing on scriptures to figure this out.
Fascinating stuff!👍🏻
Actually, this timeline corresponds well with the 21st century findings at Tall El-Hammam almost certainly being the biblical city of Sodom during the time of Abram, the city of the plains being destroyed by an airburst (fire from heaven) about 1,650BC +- 50 years. Really interesting interview. Thank you!
No way you can account for an actual date of when Abraham lived, my friend. Base 10 mathematics wasn't even the rule back then. The Bible shouldn't be read as literate - it should be read as authentic.
In fact, your date would predate Joseph by 500 years, and even using your math, that wouldn't account for an Exodus date of 1446 BC - the date clearly laid out from the origins of Solomon's Temple.
@@textaylor312 Yes I can calculate it.
Why Base 10?
Correct. The Exodos was 1606. And the Temple was constructed from 1012 on. So 480 Years earlyer would be. 1492. Interestig year. To what remembers this me? But it is too late. Acts 13,18+21 + Kings 2,11 + Judges 2,7-10 (11,26 dates back to the 39th Year in the Wilterness and and Jos 14,7-10 to the 2nd =>6 Years Conquest, than X Rest). If we take the 480 serious, why not this clearly 100+X more, that clearly contradics them? The solution is simple: what did not found the one hundred and forty years of foreign Rulers d Oppressors as "Lost Years". That leaves 14=X. Therfore: 1606+430 = 2036 Abrāhām came to Mizrayim. 1606+400 Yītzchāq was 5 and Yishmāʿēʾl and Hagār were send away. Ez 4 States 390 Years from Kings 12 to the Destruction of Yerūschālayim 586.
@@textaylor312 It is so simple. The Bible is of course authentic. And we have to read each Verse and Sentence 1st litarate. What does it mean wordly and grammatical correct read and translated? What did it mean for the 1st Listeners?
2nd What does it mean propheicly?
3rd What is the meaning for the Lord Yēshūaʿ HaMāshīach and his heavenly Bride, the Community?
4th What is the practical Use and Application of it? And yes, this is basically everywhere possible.
Of Course, the Dragon and the Beasts and the Locusts are not Literally Animals. The Beasts are the New Roman Empire, wich was untill it was ended to not fall into the Hands of Napoleon Bonaparte, is not since then and comes up from the Abyssos since Winston Churchill cam to the Schweiz and said: "Let Europe rise. ..." and its Dictator, Dan 7,8; 9,26+27; 11,38 Rev 13,17+19
and
the King and Dictator of Yissrāʾēl, the Antíchristos. 1Mo 49,7 Dan 11,36-39 Jes 30,33; 57,9 Sach 11,15-17 Zeph 1,5 Joh 5,43 2Thes 2,3-12 1Joh 2,18 Rev 6,1-2; 13,11-18; 16,13; 19,19-20; 20,10
The Scarabs are The same Army as in Joe 2, the Assyrian, Isa Great Syria/Aram, Dan and other Prophets, The King of the North Dan 11,40-45; 9,27b: Lebanon, Sūriyya, Südtürkiye, Azerbaycan, Irān, Nordʿirāq, Kyrgysstan, Todschikiston, Oʻzbekiston, Türkmenistan, Afghānestān und Pākistān.
@@textaylor312 No. 230 Years 1821-1606 with 4 Generations. Gen 15:6 Lēwī, Kehāth, Amram, and Moshē. 137+133+137+80 is more then enough. I thought for many Years, even when I knew this Calculation, 430 Years in Kemet. That woul in Theory Work, if all were born in the last Years of there Fathers. But I had to except, that 430 Years counts from Gen 12, when I asked myself, whith all lived, when the Family mooved. Kehat too. So it was impossible with the longer Time. How long they were Slaves is not know exact. I gave you all the numbers do calculate yourself, but if you can not, I have to do it seemingly again.
Jer 52:30 582
586 is the general excepted Startingdate for all Calculations in the THeNaKH.
560 Jer 52:31
597 Ez 1:2 2nd Kings 24:15 Jer 52,28
606 Dan 1 1.000 Years after the Exodos
390 Years Ez 4 divided Kingdom Ki 12 976
1012 Templeconstruction
1016-976 Shelōmō
1056-1016 Dāwīd
1096-1016 Shāʾūl
Judges 450 Years from Kūhān Rishathayīm 8 on.
Eglōn 18
Jabīn 20
Midyan and Amalek 7
Abimelech 3
Ammon 18
Yiphtach 1227-1221 300 years after 1567
Pelischthīm 40 Jahre (includes 20 Schimschōn)
----------------
114 Years
14 Years Rest
1566-1560 Conquest of the Holy Land
1566 Yericho destroyed, Wall dated by Kathleen Kenyon to 1550, C14 Dating 1550-1560. Accepted by Seculars and used as Rehection of the Bible as wrong.
1567 12 Spys 40 Days in Kenaʿan and first Conquest.
The Hyqsos came. AFTER the 10 Plagues as the 11th using the Power Vacuum.
1606 Exodos Pharao Dedumose II Djed-nefer-Re (Timaios bei Maneto) at the End of the 13th Dynasty.
Exodus 2:23 And it came to pass during those many days, that the king of Egypt died. And the children of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and cried; and their cry came up to God because of the bondage; During 40 Years this have been many, he las one possibly Dedumose I Djed-hotep-Re. He COULD be the same as II, because he is only mentioned once, is a Theory. Then was it someone else no Problem.
1646 Moshē fled from Meri-kau-Re Sobekhotep VII arround 1646-1644 to Midyan in Saudi Arabia.
6-9 Pharaos in between
1686 Moshē was born during Cha-Nefer-Re Sobekhotep IV arround 1694-1685.
1750 Yōseph dies
1821 Yōsephs Brothers come 3 times, 3rd time with the whole Tribe
1823-1816 7 bad Years
1830-1823 Yōseph freed, becomes Grand Vizer of Amen em het III Ni-maat-Re ≈ 1842-1795 10-19 Years Coregent of his Father from his 10th on, 7 good Years
unknown time, at least 2 Years, in Prison
1843 Yōseph sold from Medanīm (Sons of Qetūrā) to Yishmāʿēʾlīm to Potiphar, Chief Boddyguard of (Sesostris III) Senwosret Chai-kau-Re etwa 1882-≈1842 3X Years
1854 Yaʿaqob returns home during ≈ 2Years and has ≈ 21 Years with his Father
1860 Yosēphs born Yes, I know. 12 Childeren in 7 Years is sporty. Leās last Pregnancy and the one of her Servant brought Twins. 1 or 2 early Births perhaps? I don't know.
1867/8 Reʾuben born
1867 Yaʿaqob marries 2 of his 4 Wifes
1874 Yaʿaqob flees with 77
? Essau sells his Right
1911 Essau marries 2 of at least 5 Women
1951 both born
1971 Yītzchāq marries Ribeqā
2011 born
2012 Name chaged
2025 Yishmāʿēʾl born
2026 Count the Stars
2036 ʾAbrām mooves from Hārān to Kenaʿan and Kemet, meets Meri-kau-Re II, Therakh dies?
? From ʾŪr to Hārān
2011 ʾAbrām born
2463-2462 Flood
4119 Creation => the End Times, the time in witch the Jews return to Yissrāʾēl, starting with Rossiya, the Land of the farest North Gen 1:3 Jer 16:15; 23:8 Ez 38,6 6th July 1882 AD began in the Year 6000. :-)
@@textaylor312 Ah. I found the Typing Errors in the 1st Answer. No wonder you couldn't understand it. I had to guess myself, what I ment with 13:18 + 21. Sorry. I was in a hurry on the Way home from the Supermarket. Please apologise me. And I mixed up 39th and 2nd Year. (This I noted shortly after writing.) Of Course there are 37 Years in between. Silly me. Now everything should be right.
Not many who hold the ceremonial (fictional) early date of the Exodus have tried to tie the Armana Letters (1360-1332 BC) with Bible book of Judges or Joshua. Mainly because there is no mention of any encounters with Egyptians in these books. Some of the towns listed are conquered or are marched through by Amenhotep III, Ramesses II, Mernepthah III, and Ramesses III. This would be in the early date timeframe from Joshua to Gideon. I don't see how those discrepancies can be squared.
“Secrets of the Bible People “, Kamal Salibi, 1988, plus his 3 other bible study books or his blog.
@@davidrandell2224 How about "The Amarna Letters", William Moran, 1992? Where in EA 101 Abdi-Ashirta, leader of 'Apiru was killed. If 'Apiru was the Hebrews then it was Joshua that was killed. At the same time Phoenicians were working with the 'Apiru and that is not in the Bible. This seems to not match the narrative.
@@501Mobius Moses left Misraim in western Arabia- an area under control of an Egyptian ruler- @1440 BCE with the villages listed one by one in said book. Hebrew/ Israelites were never in Egypt,Mesopotamia,Palestine. Sheshonk 1’s list of conquered villages located in western Arabia. 85% of place names in the OT are located in western Arabia. On and on and on-4 books worth. Read and learn
I mapped out the locations of towns mentioned. I found the towns mentioned here were cherry picked as a vast number that show attacks by the Habiru were to the north of Canaan. Many locations were even north of Byblos. Contrary to Joshua 13:5 Byblos was turned over to the Habiru by the traitor brother of the ruler.
ua-cam.com/users/postUgkxbh8JOSQ1k0mMTCuAokor7syTkEHkgdgj
ua-cam.com/users/postUgkx4rbAtbcufaY-CE9gFJYBDvOZMSjK6xqs
@@501Mobius Unable to access the 2 sources mentioned. Will try a different device. ‘Habiru’ etc not applicable to “Hebrews”. Non- starter. 30 listed villages in Amarna Letters in “The Bible Came from Arabia “, Kamal Salibi,1985 find their location in western Arabia; pages 71-75. Chapter 5 titled: “Non-findings in Palestine.” Not sure which of Salibi’s books you have looked at/ read. Interesting and somewhat challenging/complicated.
Thank you so much for this.
This is closer than my study, beautiful. Ron Wyatt even spoke of the exodus in his search. Loved this.
I commend Christopher for spending so much time writing about this subject. Biblical historicity is shafted by materialists who refuse to see the forest from the Self have written 70k words in 3 months so. I know how much of a colossal effort 20k must have been!
I still believe that the pharaoh of the Exodus would have been either Akhenaten or his father, Amenhotep III. It fits with the chronology. It also explains why Akhenaten suddenly decided to worship only 1 god, the "sun disc". It stands to reason that if he had personally experienced the "things" described in the Exodus, one shining light down on the Hebrew camp all night long, while another fought off the Egyptian army, as the Red sea parted. It surely would have made an impression on him, considering he's seeing the real power of a god, and it fits the description of "the sun disc", or Aten.
His elder brother, prince Thutmose, disappears with no explanation from historical records, and suddenly Akhenaten becomes pharaoh. A result of the Passover...?
I would think either he would have accompanied his father during the chase of Moses and the Hebrews and saw what occurred, or he himself was the Pharaoh, although his brother's passing again fits with the story that the Passover took his elder brother's life, he being the "1st born".
AS Libra, the first-born of the Egyptians (southern constellations), went down in the west, i.e., was slain, Aries, the Ram, came up in the east, at the spring equinox. This was the first-born of the Hebrews. "Thou shalt set apart unto the Lord all that openeth the matrix" (Ex. 13.12), i.e., all that cometh forth from the "belly of Hell," or winter, thou shalt cause to pass over to the Sun of summer. And so Aries, the first-born of the northern constellations which crosses the equinoctial line in spring, was sanctified, i.e., sunnified, because thenceforth the Sun would shine upon them and the earth during the next six months, when the crops would be produced.
The people, overjoyed at the return of spring, instituted a great feast - the feast of the pass-over - in memory of this most important and happy event, which was to be continued seven days, the last of which being especially consecrated to the Lord (Ex. 13.6) because the nearest to summer. During all these seven days "unleavened bread," and no other, was to be eaten, i.e., bread made from the last year's crop, for that of the present year was not yet ripe. This feast was ordered to be held annually, and it has been so held by all peoples from time immemorial.
The Hebrews are the six days (actually months) of Genesis one. The signs are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.
The Egyptians (southern constellations) are the six nights (actually months) of Genesis one. The signs are Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces.
@@harveywabbit9541 Leavening can be added to any bread, so your story makes no sense.
@@customsongmaker
Unleavened bread = old grain harvest. Leavened bread = new grain harvest, typically this is from winter wheat harvested in late spring.
@@harveywabbit9541 leavening means yeast or something that makes the bread rise. Unleavened bread is flat. Flour is the same no matter if the wheat is from this year or last year.
@@customsongmaker
Bread symbols spring and Wine symbols summer, in biblespeak. Remember Melchizedek (King Jupiter)???
Thanks for sharing,it's making sense to listen and analyze by own sense
Great job!!!
Was it Ramses 2
I am retired US Army, in particular Combat Arms. I wanted to comment on the places put forward for the Red Sea crossing from a tactician's view.
No. 1, Pharaoh had a very mobile army, so any relatively flat terrain would have made pursuit of the Israelites a relatively easy proposition. The terrain around the lakes that are North of the Gulf of Suez is reasonably flat and easily navigable. He had chariots and horsemen in large numbers. The lakes are small. He also had forts and outposts along the Way of the Sea, within less than two day's travel for a force on foot, and probably only one day's travel for a military force, whether on chariots or on foot by forced march. They would have had access to the Eastern shores of all those lakes.
No. 2, the Egyptian Lakes option calls for maybe 100,000 Israelites, and around 30,000 poorly armed men of fighting age, as opposed to the 600,000+ that the Bible gives. This means Pharaoh wouldn't have needed his whole army to defeat this small and poorly armed group of slaves. He could have just met them with his sea road posts' contingents and some mobile forces and defeated them in short order in a battle of maneuver on the flat ground around these lakes and never had to enter the waters. He would only have had to watch Moses' people enter, block the Western opening, and traveled around whichever lake they crossed, meeting them at the exit point, either blocking them from exiting, or engaging them upon exit at their most vulnerable.
No. 3, The distance to the Egyptian lakes is about 15 to maybe 20 miles. Moses would have covered that in no more than a day and a half. Pharaoh had just lost all of the first born in his army, including his leadership, which would have been heavy on first sons of his aristocracy. He had also lost all of the first born of his cavalry and chariot horses and his charioteers. If Egyptian families had, say, 6 children per household and Mares had around 10 foals over their breeding lives, this would give about 3 males per household, and 1 of 10 horses. The number of horses suited for work as chariot horses is going to be less than 5 of those 10 horses, and Pharaoh would have lost at least one in five horses. He would have lost around one in three charioteers, archers and foot soldiers. He could not have organized a pursuit until he knew how many usable teams of horses, cavalry horses, officers, available archers and foot-soldiers he had, which would have required him to conduct a census of his entire army, determine which of the teams of chariot horses and charioteers are going to be viable, and then do a hasty organization. Just the time it would take to pair horses back up without teams having fights between pairs would be significant. Pairing two stallions that were alphas on their original teams would have resulted in dominance fights. Also, they would have fought their trainers in some instances. He would then have had to find out what supplies were still available to feed and move his army, and organize freight teams from the draft animals which hadn't died in the plague of the cattle and the plague of the First Born, which would have been a greatly reduced pool of draft animals. A really skilled General and his staff might be able to do that in six or seven days under normal conditions. If he and his staff are absolutely stellar and everything falls in place just right, he might get it done in five days. Under the conditions described in Exodus, it would have taken ten or twelve days to organize a pursuit with his entire army, even if it was a hasty one. Moses would have had to just stop at the Egyptian lakes and laid down and said "Come catch me, catch me please. " for him to have met them at those lakes. I think this makes the close crossing pretty untenable for these reasons alone. There are, however, several others I can name. For instance, there is absolutely no 'wilderness' at those lakes, and nothing that could hem the Israelites in anywhere around the Egyptian lakes. If you stopped there, I'd just shred you with mobile attacks until you either were all dead or you surrendered. There is no channeling or protective terrain there, and I could attack you on three sides with a mobile force at my leisure.
Good insight.
You also must figure in the fact that the landscape was very different 3000K + years ago
@@treasuresbyivyjade The landscape around the Nile River Valley has been the same for around 6,000 years. Its a flood plain for the Nile, and as such is extremely flat with very little slope.
If this event happened there were maybe 600 to maybe and I say maybe 6000 Israelites in Egypt.
Well, it did happen, and the evidence is all present. If the Exodus account is at all accurate, it lists over 600,000 men of fighting age, and no-one in archaeology who has studied the records gives Israel less than 30,000 soldiers, minimum. But the record states over 600,000 men of age between 20 and 45. This would make the actual population of Israel at over 2,000,000 if women, the old, and children are included. The loss of a slave labor force of this size, along with the damage done by the plagues which are also attested in "The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage" or the Ippuar (probably misspelled that) papers as a secondary source for the plagues in Exodus, so devastated Egypt that they were still under its effects when Joshua started his conquest of Canaan. @@terryconder3917
This is fantastic.. thankyou..
Very Interesting. Thank you.
Does it really take 40 minutes to tell us 😮
"BCE" is Christian woke.
Yep
Since they are discussing Hebrew accounts and scripture, it is probably a courtesy. However despite the vulgate terms AD/BC CE/BCE used...the same year 1 is assumed to be 30 years prior to the 15th Year of Tiberius reign as referenced in the gospels...assumed nativity year.
Thank you for such a well reasoned, level-headed discussion on this topic! I’ve so many that appear to be literary warfare with advocates lobbing their missles at each other’s position rather than defending their own with evidence.
I would like to read his article first hand. Does anybody know where I can find it?
This is remarkably accurate and the dating is now confirmed by the bookends of first the Carbon-14 dating of Sodom and Gomorrah (Bab edh-Dhra, Numeira) which corresponds with the conception of Isaac at around 2200 BC, and secondly the dating of the destruction and burning of Jericho around 1406 BC. This places Abraham, Isaac and Jacob within the 4.2 KY BP aridification event in the Levant, thus the importance of wells, and the migrations of the tribe at that time. It also means that the Bronze Age collapse of around 1100 BC coincides with the events of the book of Ruth (King David's great-grandmother), which mentions a massive famine in her time.
We can't take carbon dating of Bab edh-Dhra as definition proof of Sodom and Gomorrah, since the identification of Sodom is far from certain. The conception of Isaac at 2200 BC would put that conception more than 400 years before Genesis 14:9, since the only king of Shinar (Babylon) which could be rendered Amraphel is Hammurabi - who ruled in the 18th century BC. The last time I checked we didn't have any evidence of a destruction of Jericho at around 1406 BC. We do have evidence of one at around 1550 BC and one in the late Bronze Age - consistent with the late date Exodus dating (the Ramses II theory).
The late date Exodus theory seems to fit far better with the Biblical and Archaeological evidence. The only texts that are a problem are the dates given in the dedication of Solomon's temple (which may not be intended literally - as we have a number of examples of Ancient Near Eastern temple dedications which use numerologically significant dares rather than chronological ones, and 480 yeas is significant - being 12 x 40 years) and Jepthath's speech in Judges, in which we know he gets both his theology and his facts wrong (basically if we take Judges as a reliable account of what he said, then we have to believe that he doesn't know what he's talking about). In contrast to that, we have numerous Biblical and Archaeological reasons to adopt a Ramesside date for the Exodus, which include:
* The abandonment of the Semitic city of Avaris during this period - whose history is a close fit for what Genesis and Exodus tell us about the place the not-yet-Israelites lived in Egypt (in the Nile Detla, was the capital after chariots were introduced, population at least partially enslaved following a major regime change)
* There's a plausible external threat at about the right time that would cause the Egyptians to fear the not-yet-Israelites might ally with such a threat (the Mittani empire, particularly during the reigns of Ay and Horemheb.
* The Egyptian placenames in Exodus were all in use during this period. And some of them only in this period.
* This is one of the few periods where it is feasible for Pharaoh's daughter to have adopted Moses. This was not usually possible for a royal princess - but since Ramses I was merely a general before becoming Pharaoh, his daughter or Seti I's could have adopted him before the 19th Dynasty was a royal one.
* This is one of the few periods where the Egyptian capital was close to any plausible site for the not-yet-Israelites to have lived. Pi-Ramses was only a couple of miles from Avaris. Most Pharaoh's ruled from Thebes, which was a couple of weeks journey away. Exodus 12:31 (where Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron during the night) pretty much requires that the journey from Goshen to the capital be at most a few hours.
* Ramses II did have his firstborn die partway through his reign. And Egyptian power did seem to massively reduce at this period.
* This is a period where it was common for Egyptian writings to refer to the Pharaoh as just "Pharaoh" rather than by name - something that was not true of most earlier or later periods.
* The description of the Ark of the Covenant looks like it is adopting and subverting features of Egyptian ritual furniture from this period to communicate how YHWH is different from the Egyptian gods. The features in question were not fully developed until this period, and some of them fell out of use after it.
* Several sites in Canaan seem to support a conquest in the right period. These include the altar complex at Mount Ebal, the destrucion layer at Hazor (where the idols were smashed), and Jericho (there's a destruction layer around 1550, too early for the kind of walls that would allow Rahab's house to be built into, and an occupation during the late bronze period at the right period, but where most of the evidence was destroyed by site levelling).
* The Mernephtah Stele, which says that the Egyptians fought Israel and indicates that they were not a settled people, would then fit into the period of Joshua, rather than the period of Judges (when Israel was settled)
* The archaeological evidence in the Holy Land for the emergence of Israelite culture doesn't start to exist until the early Iron Age. So on this early Exodus date you have several hundred years of Israelite settlement that leaves no archaeological trace at all.
So that's a lot more direct evidence (both Biblical and Archaeological) for a Ramesside Exodus than the guy in the video presented for his early date Exodus (in both the video and his article).. Both of these identifications of the Exodus Pharaoh have to take the date given in the dedication of Solomon's temple as not being meant literally. So why not go with the theory that matches far more of the evidence?
@@stephengray1344 The problem with Exodus is not the lack of evidence it is the evidence.
Apologists have moved the biblical date of the Exodus to 1265 BCE. Why?
Hyksos (1550 BCE) Egypt drives Hyksos out of Canaan and vassalized the southern city states.
Battle of Megiddo (1457 BCE) Egypt defeats the Mitanni and vassalized the rest of Canaan
Armana Letters (1360-1330 BCE) Verification showing Egyptian Total Control of Canaan
Battle of Kadesh (1274 BCE) Egypt and the Hittites battle to a draw, Egypt still controls Canaan
These battles and letters show Egypt had total dominance and control over Canaan.
*The Egyptians maintained a string of fortress cities from Byblos, Megiddo,Beth Shan,Jaffa to Gaza along with many small garrisons and administrative centers throughout Canaan until 1126BCE*
So based on these facts apologists now want to place the Exodus at 1265 BCE. But there are issues with that date also.
While some apologists would like to claim that Egypt abandoned Canaan and withdrew their forces back to Egypt there are two major problems. The Hittites were still on the border and were still skirmishing with the Egyptians.
Now if the apologist's Exodus was happening and the Egyptian army was destroyed at the red/reed sea the Hittites would have surly noticed swept in and conquered Egypt, the bread basket of the middle east. Hatta was in a major drought and suffering from grain shortages. No, they made a peace treaty with Egypt and bought the grain 5 years later.
Second problem is the Egyptians occupied Gaza (one of the cities Joshua smote [10:41] until they turned it over to the Philistines after 1177BCE. The fortress city of Jaffa did not fall until 1126BCE.(Burke and Peilstöcker have found evidence of two catastrophic blazes, ten years apart, that destroyed Jaffa, the second one occurring in about 1126 B.C. That fire, Burke believes, marked the end of Egypt’s presence not just in Jaffa, but in all of Canaan)
Referring to the hills of Canaan
Dr William Dever: "We know today, from archeological investigation, that there were more than 300 early villages of the 13th and 12th century in the area. I call these "proto-Israelite villages".
*This has been verified by archeologists*
i.e. Mazur, Na'aman, Finkelstein, Faust and Dever
Dr William Dever, an archaeologist normally associated with the more conservative end of Syro-Palestinian archaeology, has labeled the question of the historicity of Exodus “dead”.
Israeli archaeologist Ze’ev Herzog provides his view on the historicity of the Exodus:[7]
*The Israelites never were in Egypt. They never came from abroad. This whole chain is broken. It is not a historical one. It is a later legendary reconstruction - made in the seventh century [BCE] - of a history that never happened*
Verifying Dr Dever is the Merneptah Stele
Merneptah stele 1207BCE
The Egyptian army rolls through Canaan and the only Israelites they encounter are some people in the highlands that they scatter. No Israelite city states or cities. No great Israelite army to stop them. Just a people the Egyptians called Israel.
Shishak (Sheshonq I) 926 BCE
Again the Egyptian army rolls through Canaan spends between 10 & 30 years occupying and leaves. No great armies of the United Kingdom to stop them.
Interesting is the bible mentions Shishak by name but doesn't know who the pharaoh of the Exodus is. The bible mentions other kings/pharaohs by name also, but again can't name the Pharaoh of the Exodus.
*Egypt had total control over Canaan from 1450BCE until 1126BCE*
There is no time frame for the Exodus unless you count the return of the Judahites from Babylon and Egypt after Cyrus the Great defeated the Babylonians. Around 519 BCE
@@stephengray1344 These are quite interesting arguments. What, though, did Jephthah get wrong in his facts and/or theology?
@@json490 When you understand his methodology, he didn't get anything 'wrong' per se, he just didn't count the 'bad' years. Same with 1Ki 6:1. These are not absolute chronological statements but geopolitical ones, a practice not uncommon in the ancient world. The problem is that there are gaps in the biblical chronology immediately prior to and also after the 450 years of the Judges. Fill in the gaps correctly and all the numbers add up perfectly.
@@nealcorbett1149 Actually, Jepthah has too many years to fit with the Late Exodus, not too few. If the Late Exodus is correct (and there are good archaeological and textual arguments for that), then Jephtah's years are wrong. His theology though isn't, apart from the Ammonites' god's name.
Just follow the proto-Sinaitic script and the Semites who moved to Avaris in the 19th century BC and disappeared in Amenhotep II's rule. There is so much circumstantial evidence that can not be explained logically on their own but makes perfect sense if Joseph and Moses are real as described in the Bible.
It is good to watch it twice. I have watched Patterns Of Evidence. I have the DVD. I'm glad that the evidence lines up with the DVD's information.
Nice interview. Thanks so so much for clarifying this. Most people i know are going to have trouble believing this. I can see the connection with Amenhotep - sorry if the spelling is wrong. Hapsetshut makes so much sense in all this history.I suppose there's a lot of trouble with the writings.This makes so much more sense. So then Amehoetep would be the Pharoh of the Exodus. I'm convinced. Not from this interview, but through the hostories that have appeared over the eyars. Obviously, I'm no scholar, but this is fascinationg science/faith based. THANKS SO MUCH to both Mr Nagtegaa and Mr Eames.
A couple of points:
1) The Hebrews, a patriarchal culture, NEVER GIVE THE NAME OF Pharaoh who rules over them. I take this as an extremely strong indication that Hatshepsut was the Pharaoh who Moses dealt with (and did not name).
2) After suffering from the plagues and the loss of the Hebrews/cheap labor and the loss of an Egyptian army in the pursuit of the Hebrews...
3) The might of "The God of the Hebrews" was extremely apparent and resulted in the attempted adoption of the monotheistic Hebrew religion -- but the ingrained pagan religion and complacent priests and priestesses, having forgotten about the demonstrated power of the one true God (passage of time eroding the fear and awe) caused a strong backlash against the new religion and the Pharaohs who were trying to establish it.
How could the lack of mention of the Exodus Pharaoh's name be an "extremely strong indication," or even any indication at all, that the Exodus Pharaoh was Hatshepsut? The Bible does not name any Pharaoh prior to Sheshonq I (Shishaq), yet there are references to several Pharaohs in Genesis and Exodus. Referring to a Pharaoh by his title rather than name was simply the style that Moses used in Genesis and Exodus.
Has anyone also done a follow up and figured out who the was the Pharaoh of Joseph?
During Joseph time, it wasn't the pharoahs dynasty just yet. It was before the era of new kingdom. So the ruler hold the title king.
Yes, Associates for biblical research.
He was one of the Hyksos Semite kings in Avaris,Could be Salitis, khamudy, or kyhian or a earlier king,most likely a earlier king,17th to 16th century!
Joseph was falsely accused of approaching a women but in reality his mummy wouldn’t let him‼️😅
@@peterwalker9211 Biblical chronology indicates a pharaoh of Dynasty XII, prior to the coming of the Hyksos.
Great episode, cross referencing history, archeology and the Old Testament. How do other factors fit in such as accounts of a plague (epidemiology), climate change (famine) and geology ( I saw some theory that an eruption in Santorini’s around this time would have had a profound effect on the weather and even the colour of rivers from dust)?
Very interesting article and great research. I recognized the portrait of Herbert W. Armstrong at the wall - i was in contact with the 'worldwide church of god' for many years and got your magazines - more than 30 years ago. I also recognized that the church has changed name and doctrines quite a bit. Its always a good idea to clean up with histrory when you recognize there were some mistakes in the past. I am associated with the SDA church (seventh day adventist) and i know that H.W. Armstrong had contacts there too, later leaving for his own way. The SDA on the other hand never cleared up the air for their histrorical errors, and there seem to be quite some of them till today.
The Pharaoh of the Exodus was Yul Brynner.
David , silly silly silly😄😄😄
Who Who ? claming to stole other people heritage > Egyptian > Oueen Cleopatra > an uproar happening on this > by Jada P. Smith > claming of her being Black >
The Egyptian was a European > Gentiles >
Moses who was raise w/ Rameses >
even marry an Ethiopian woman >
so many proof of Sciptures...Who Who...even from the real scholar... Yahweh 😮 himself > told The Ancient Truth...from so many lies, that was told and stolen , yet will that truth stay hidden 😮... period
BCE? Really?
The only thing that's actually common about the "common era" is Christianity, so it's most sensible to read CE and BCE as "Christian Era" and "Before the Christian Era".
@@KenJackson_US Wrong. The Julian Calendar, established by Julius Caesar in the year AUC 708 [or 46 BCE] was mistakenly intercalated with Leap Day every 3rd year, rather than every 4th year (as Caesar, assassinated in AUC 710 [44 BCE], had designed it), and so, in the 36-year period from AUC 709 through 744 -- i.e. from 45 through 10 BC [BCE] -- there were 12 leap days instead of the 9 that Caesar had planned for. As a result, Augustus ordered them to stop adding Leap Day [29 February] for 13 years -- even though he ought to have ordered the hiatus to last a full 16 years. Thus, it was in the 4-year cycle beginning with the year AUC 754 where Leap Day began to be intercalated again -- i.e. in the 4th year, which was AUC 757 -- and it just so happens that Dionysius Exiguus, over three centuries after-the-fact, retro-calculated the birth of Jesus to have been on 25 December of the year AUC 753 [a year he re-numbered as 1 BC], with the very next year -- AUC 754 -- being thenceforward reckoned as the 1st year of the Christian Calendar, a calendar which was none other than the Julian Calendar as it had been reformed by Augustus to fix the problem caused by the Roman priests who mistakenly added Leap Day in year AUC 711 (rather than AUC 712) and then every 3rd year, for a total of 12 times, effectively adding 3-too-many days over that 36-year period. It was the pagan Roman emperor Augustus whose amended/reformed version of the Julian Calendar became the common calendar of the Roman Empire. Dionysius Exiguus merely re-numbered the Roman years, such that the Roman Year number is now the Christian Year number + 753, making our current year [2023] equivalent to the Roman year AUC 2776. Christianity didn't become "common" throughout the Roman world until the time when Dionysius Exiguus merely renumbered the Roman years, about the same time when Constantine established a version of Christianity as the new state religion of his empire, with the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE (or, AD 325, if you prefer). Properly speaking, the commonly-used calendar we call the Julian Calendar ought to be called the Augustan Calendar, as it was Augustus who ordained that the 4-year cycle (adding Leap Day to the end of February) begin to commence on the date January 1, AUC 754 = January 1, AD 1 = January 1, 1 CE. This doesn't even go into the Gregorian Calendar change which was inaugurated in October of 1582 CE. Properly speaking the Julian Calendar went into effect after the 445-day year AUC 708, on January 1, AUC 709 [45 BCE] and effectively ceased to be in use after February 28, AUC 711 due to the goof-up of the priesthood in charge of implementing the calendar, when they mistakenly made the Julian Calendar date March 1, AUC 711 into the first Leap Day -- i.e. February 29, AUC 711. Leap Days were supposed to be in years with numbers evenly divisible by '4', as in AUC 712 . . . 716 . . . 720 . . . 724 . . . etc. The priests mistakenly put them into every 3rd year, so that there were Leap Years in AUC 711, 714, 717, 720, etc. Because Caesar had been murdered on March 15, AUC 44, he couldn't object to this screw-up. It took his successor, Augustus, to decree an end to the addition of Leap Day until such time that the 3 extra leap days were "burned off" -- but he, too, goofed-up, and as a result the Leap Day was once again added to the calendar . . . but NOT in a year number equally divisible by 4. He SHOULD have waited to make AUC 760 the next Leap Year -- the 4th year in a cycle that ought to have begun with the year AUC 757. As I said before, though, Augustus jumped-the-gun by 3 years, making AUC 757 the first Leap Year since AUC 744. The number '757' is NOT evenly divisible by '4', alas! One virtue that Dionysius Exiguus' Christian Calendar has is that it subtracted 753 from every Roman Year number, making each actual Leap Year once again evenly divisible by '4' -- at least until the Gregorian Calendar reform reduced the year 1700 from 366 to 365 days.
Wow, @@patricktilton5377. That's an interesting history of the calendar. Was that your doctoral thesis? Though I don't understand why you started it with _"wrong",_ since I don't think you contradicted me. There's nothing common about the so-called Common Era except Christianity. So it should rightly be called the Christian Era.
But since you know a lot about calendars, do you know anything about the ancient Assyrian calendar? I've seen a reference to it starting in 4750 BC and I'm wondering if that's true and what it's based on. Adam was probably still alive at that time.
@@KenJackson_US The 'common' calendar we use was invented by a Roman Emperor who was assassinated and then later DEIFIED by the Romans -- I'm talking about Julius Caesar. When Octavian [Augustus], his successor, had to fix a problem regarding the implementation of that calendar, he essentially re-started its Leap Year cycle, beginning with the date January 1, AUC 754, so that its 4th year (AUC 757) became the first Leap Year, followed by every 4th year after that: AUC 761 ... 765 ... 769 ... 773 ... 777 ... 781 ... etc.
This commonly used calendar -- known as the Julian Calendar (though it ought to be called something like the Augustus Revision of the Julian Calendar, or the Julio-Augustan Calendar) -- was used for over THREE CENTURIES before anybody ever had the idea of re-numbering its years and pretending that it was now all about Jesus.
All Dionysius Exiguus did was suppose that Jesus was born one week before the beginning of January 1, AUC 754 -- prompting him to re-number it as the year AD 1, which had the felicitous effect of making all the Leap Years evenly divisible by '4', as Julius Caesar had originally intended his calendar to do, starting with the year AUC 712 (the 4th year in the cycle beginning with AUC 709), with the idiot priests stupidly making AUC 711 a Leap Year, etc.
All people had to do to find out what year it was (according to the new "Christian Era") was to subtract 753 from the Roman Year number. If you ADD that same number (753) to our current year, you'll find out what year a Roman would consider it to be -- i.e. AD 2023 = AUC 2776 (since AUC stands for Ab Urbe Condito = "From the City's Founding", i.e. the city of Rome). Augustus didn't re-number the Roman years when he re-started the cycles of Leap Years in AUC 754.
Dionysius merely 'hijacked' the pre-existing Roman calendar -- which glorifies the Roman god MARS in the name of the month "March" [i.e. Martius], as well as glorifying the deified Julius Caesar with the month name JULY [Iulius] -- and which also glorifies Octavian/Augustus with the renaming of the month Sextilis as AUGUSTUS. If Dionysius really wanted to set up a wholly Christian Calendar, he ought to have re-named the 12 months after the 12 Apostles -- with a month named after Matthias rather than after Judas Iscariot, of course -- and putting Leap Day at the end of the 12th Month rather than at the end of the 2nd month, a practice that only makes sense from a Roman perspective, since their years originally began with March, with February once being the last month of the year -- before Caesar moved the beginning of his revised year back two months to January, which turned the seventh month ['September' = 7th month] into the 9th month, which has never made sense.
It is because Rome ruled the world -- or, that chunk of the world whose traditions were passed down to our immediate ancestors -- that the calendar originally invented by Julius Caesar, and later 'emended' by Augustus, and -- in 1582 -- reformed by Pope Gregory XIII, became the common calendar. People who never worshipped the Roman gods -- or its emperors -- used the calendar. This included Christians for CENTURIES before a Christian monk adapted it and made it into a "Christian' calendar -- though one still laden with the trappings of its pagan roots.
As for the Assyrians, they made use of a solar/astronomical calendar invented by the Babylonians, one also used by the Chaldeans. The Assyrians don't go back anywhere near as far as 4750 BC -- and neither do the Babylonians. The Sumerians -- who predated the Babylonians in Mesopotamia -- had a written language that dates back only to about 3500 BC, well over a millennium after the date you mention being referenced. You can't have a historical calendar if you don't have a written language that left records behind.
The distant ancestors of the Assyrians -- whoever they were -- might very well have had a calendar of their own, but they didn't leave any records behind that anybody has found (yet), but if I had to guess, I'd say that they might have had something to do with the Egyptians. Why do I suspect this? Well, the name of their main god -- Asshur -- from whence they derived the name of their nation [Assyria], sounds a hell of a lot like the Egyptian god Osiris -- a name better transliterated from hieroglyphs as 'Asar'. The Hebrew word for 'Egypt' is Mitzraim, which David Rohl has suggested comes from combining the Hebrew preposition 'M-', which means 'of' or 'from', and a root sounding something like 'etzer' + the suffix '-im' denoting a plural, hence "the people of Egypt" [M- + Etzer + -im] = "the people of Etzer / Asar / Asshur / Osiris" etc.. The name Osiris is a Greek transliteration, the '-is' ending being common for Greek male names (such as 'Adonis'), and the 'O' being an omicron (sounding like the 'o' in TOP, HOP, POP, SLOP, etc., rather than a long-O [Omega], and Greek omicron is closer to the 'ah' sound of alpha than to the 'oh' sound of an omega.
Cheerio!
@@patricktilton5377 You keep going on and on about Caesar and the Roman Empire, but more than half of it's existence was BEFORE the start of the so-called Common Era (1 AD) and it ended in the first quarter of the Era. So the so-called Common Era has little to do with Rome. Christianity on the other hand matches the Common Era pretty closely. Rome is NOT common throughout the Era, Christianity IS, so it's really the Christian Era. Nothing else is common across its two millennia.
Thank you for the information on the Assyrian calendar, disappointing though it is.
As in other speculations does the eruption of Thera and the logical plagues pattern play any role in your assessment? I read the article and saw no reference
to this. Thank you for such a carefully researched and reasoned presentation
This is one of the most fascinating, compelling pieces of information I've ever seen. WOW!! So compelling and persuasive. FASCINATING how the archaeological record coincides with the Biblical accounts! WOWWW!
I think Amenhotep II was the Pharaoh of the Exodus. If we look in the Book of Exodus, Moses fled from Egypt for killing an Egyptian for beating an Israelite and lived in Midian for 40 years. When the pharaoh who ordered Moses executed for murder died, God ordered Moses to return to Egypt and free his people. If the Exodus took place in 1446-1406 BC, it had to have happened in the 18th Dynasty. Who would have been the Pharaoh of the Oppressed? Thutmose III. He reigned Egypt for 54 years. The Pharaoh of the Oppressed reigned for +40 years, so Thutmose III fits the bill. The Pharaoh of the Exodus’ firstborn son died to the Tenth Plague, the Death of the Firstborn. Amenhotep II was succeeded by Thutmose IV, who was Amenhotep’s second born son (pharaohs, by divine law, should be succeeded by their firstborn sons after death). Amenhotep II had a firstborn son, who died unexpectedly. The Dream Stele at the Pyramids of Giza stated that Thutmose IV was told in a dream by the Sphinx or the spirit of Khafre that if he dig out the sand that buried the Sphinx, Thutmose will be crowned Pharaoh of Egypt. It was mentioned that Thutmose had an older brother who was the crown prince, but unfortunately died. It is possible that Amenhotep II was the Pharaoh of the Exodus.
For more information:
m.ua-cam.com/video/2JusQxiTXnE/v-deo.html
Wasn't this guy a perfect example of a person of color who owned lots of slaves? How come nobody ever talks about that?
I doubt it
he was owned
Fascinating
that was special. thank you.
Ramses 2 !
It was in the time of Ramesses II.
He then would have had to live before and at the time of the biblical Exodus 1606 BC.
Came across this by accident, but thoroughly enjoyed it. I achieved a 2/2 in History at Uni 20 years ago in history Like Cheryl am fascinated by the idea That Hatshepsut was the Pharoh's daughter of scripture. I'll now try to look at some of the other documentaries on this site. David hanchard
So interesting 🙏
You can't have a pharaoh of the exodus when the exodus is a myth. The Judahite tribal books of myths doesn't have events it has fictional events.
@Johnny Capybara Jr The historical facts? There was a country called Egypt/Kemet and the rest of the exodus story was fictional.
@@ashleyKennedy5
You mean Khemet/Egypt.
As for your opinion that there was no exodus, it is obvious you have not done the research to verify whether or not your opinion is correct.
I find folks like you so hate the bible you quickly dismiss it's historical narratives.
Every thing in a Bible is real and happened unless it is told by a parable that is told before hand.
@@lovelylola20 Even creationists admit genesis needs re-writing as genesis is wrong.
Any reasonable discussion of dating the Exodus should start with explaining that the most common belief among academics is that it never happened - however you might feel about that. Since this does not happen, we should dismiss this video as complete and utter misinformation.
I'm afraid the findings at the City known as Avaris have put the secular academicians in a bit of pickle and your statement factually incorrect. Clearly, Semitic people were residing in the most fertile parts of Eastern Nile Delta well before the biblical time of the Exodus. Let's face it. Hostile secular academicians, after watching their life's work now challenged by solid biblical evidence, are not going to give up the fight easily. I'm laughing at the secularists as they watch their lies implode.
Thank You!!
Great interview! You must check out the dates that Joseph Dumond from sightedmoon has in his sabbatical and Jubilee cycles charts, they differ some but may be eye popping! Shalom!!
This was well presented, interesting and informative both the guest and the interviewer were concise and to the point. I appreciate that the interviewer did not drag out the introduction or interrupt the guest. I wonder which pharaoh was reigning during the 7 fat and 7lean years of Joseph.
It's quite likely that Joseph's Pharaoh was one of the Hyksos kings, most of whose names have been lost to history. This would put the not-yet-Israelites at the Hyksos capital of Avaris - whose abandonment during the reign of Ramses II is one of the major pieces of evidence that is put forward by advocates of a late Exodus date.
Prof. Douglas Petrovich's book "Origin of the Hebrews" makes a very strong case that the Pharaohs of Joseph's time as Egyptian vizier were Sesostris II, Sesostris III, and Amenemhat III, who were kings of Dynasty XII. Their vizier, Sobekemhat, bore exalted titles that no other Egyptian vizier ever did, that line up perfectly with the kind of authority that Pharaoh gave Joseph. The chronology is a good fit too -- with the Exodus in 1446 B.C., that would be 430 years after Joseph circa 1876 B.C., which is just when those Pharaohs reigned.
@@stephengray1344 The Hyksos would have arrived after the time of Joseph. Also, there was an earlier abandonment of Avaris during the mid-1400s B.C. (when the site was known as Peru-nefer), so that lines up with the Early Date hypothesis.
@@jaredolar9879 If the Hyksos arrived after the time of Joseph, then the two mentions of chariots in the Joseph narratives are anachronisms. I'd have to go and re-read the papers, but my recollection is that Bietak reports the site was said to be continually inhabited in that period. Early Exodus advocates usually seem to cite the abandonment of the palace district, rather than the abandonment of the city itself.
@@stephengray1344 The two mentions of chariots could be anachronisms (even as the title "Pharaoh" is an anachronism), since it is known that the Hyksos introduced the war chariot to Egypt -- or it could be that only the pharaoh and a few very high ranking officials in Egypt then owned ceremonial chariots, which could have been highly valued foreign imports and thus status symbols. The passage that Pharaoh "made him to ride in the second chariot which he had" could indicate that there were then very few chariots, if the Pharaoh himself only owned two.
I'll also refresh my memory of what Bietak found -- you could be right about that.
This was great! Very compelling historical analysis.
Seems right to me!
Wow absolutely amazing!
So very interesting
Excellent.
Very good interview. Wish it was 3 hours lol
Is the issue of the changing of the calendars from lunar to the present one taken into account?
Yes.
Great video!.. Thanks esp for the work linking the contents of the Amarna Letters with the books of Joshua and Judges. There are a lot of reasons to go for Amenhotep II. Another youtube video highlights that the Septuagint says 440th year in 1 Kings 6:1. So which is it:480th year or 440th year? Fortunately there is another pointer to 1446 bc in the Bible taken together with the "Seder Olam Rabbah". The Seder Olam Rabbah says that Ezekiel 40v1 is talking about a Jubilee Year, This is likely because Rosh Hashanah, New Year's Day in Ezekiel 40:1 was on the 10th day of the month.. compare this with Leviticus 25:9 - New Year's Day happened on the 10th of the month only in a Jubilee Year. The Seder Olam Rabbah (a document produced about the 2nd century ad by a Jewish scholar/rabbi) also says the Jubilee of Ez 40:1 was the 17th. Jubilee (since entering the Promised Land). Jubilee Years happened every 49 years. And the Fall of Jerusalem in Ezekiel happened 587 bc. So Ez 40:1 was 574 bc, and 49 * 17 is 833 years. so 574 + 833 is 1407 bc. This means the year of entry into the Promised Land, the beginning of the conquest, happened in the year beginning in the month Tishri (Sept/Oct) in 1407 bc. Because the Jordan river was crossed in the Spring it means the Fall of Jericho/crossing into the Promised Land happened in the Spring of 1406 bc. Add 40 years of wandering in the wilderness and we get entirely INDEPENDENT CONFIRMATION the Exodus was in 1446 bc. See Rodger C Young's website www.rcyoung.org for more.