Dimensions of development: Physical, cognitive, emotional, social and moral ( B.Ed - TNTEU )

dimension of development components
(1) Physical Development
(2) Cognitive Development
(3) Emotional Development
(4) Social Development
(5) Moral Development.
Stages/Periods of Development
Prenatal Stage
i) Germinal period - 2 weeks
ii) Embryonic Stage 2-8 weeks
iii) Fetal stage 9 weeks to birth
Postnatal Stage
i) Infancy stage- from birth to
5 years
ii) Childhood stage from 6
to 12 years
iii) Adolescence stage- from
13 to 19 years
iv) Adulthood stage 20
years above
v) Middle age -50 to 60 years
vi) Old age- 60 to death
1.6.1 Infancy stage- from birth to 5 year
(a) Physical development
It is related to the growth of anatomy, body size height, weight, muscle, teeth, sex organs, and change in voice, face bones and body position.
At the time of birth the body weight is 3 kg. It grows
doubled during first six months.
The height is 50cm at the time of birth. Then it grows another 25 cm by the first year.
Milk teeth appear by 2 years and permanent teeth by 5
years.
The size of head begins to become lesser when the body grows more.
The nervous system develops at faster rate. Brain growth is more rapid.
The internal; organs such as digestive organs, lungs etc. grow rapidly.
(b) Mental development/cognitive/ intellectual
Cognitive development is also referring to as intellectual development. It refers to the gradual growth of ability to attend, perceive, to discover, to remember, to learn, to reason, to take decisions, to solve problems etc. Cognitive development is influenced by nutritional, emotional and social
factors. The mental powers of the infant are immature and
undeveloped.
Imagination which comes to the forefront by about the age of three, expresses itself through play activities.
Creative attitude will develop. The development of questioning attitude.
(c) Emotional development
Emotional development can be found in the child right from the birth. Emotion is not heredity characteristic but it is almost environmental component. The term emotion denotes
anger, fear, joy, amusement, grief, disgust etc. During the infancy the emotional developments are.
The child begins to cry after birth which reveals there is some emotional element in him.
The child can learn the difference between pleasure and
pain later.
According to Spitz, "the baby begins to smile after a period of three months when the elders cajole it. After a period of 6 months, there is a sense of fear, jealousy, disgust, anger etc.
The emotions are instinctive.
(d) Social Development
Social development means acquisition of the ability to behave in accordance with social expectations. It has been defined as the process by which an individual born with potentials of enormously wide range is led to develop actual behaviour which is confined within the much narrower range of what is customary and acceptable according to the standards of his group.
During the infancy stage, the first days of life the child shows little behaviour that can be called "social" but from beginning his everyday experiences and his daily survival are rooted in associations with other persons. Within few weeks after birth, he not only is the passive recipient of attention from others but also is active, in his own way, as a social being which widens his stage of social activities. I-feeling' alone appears to be dominant in the beginning.
Later 'we-feeling' emerges.
moral development:
based on behaviour