Who were the Philistines? (History of the Philistines explained)
Вставка
- Опубліковано 21 тра 2021
- Who were the Philistines? (History of the Philistines explained)
This video is supported by my Patrons over on Patreon
/ epimetheus1776
Sources and related reading:
The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age (
Assaf Yasur-Landau)
Sea Peoples of the Bronze Age Mediterranean (Raffaele D’Amato)
Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the ancient near east (Michael Roaf)
Chronicle of the Pharaohs (Perter Clayton)
End of the Bronze Age (Robert Drews)
A history of the Ancient Near East (Wiley Backwell)
Collapse of the Bronze Age (Manuel Robbins)
#history #epimetheus
I met a guy in college in the U.S. one time who looked almost like my little brother. His last name was Ode my last name is Odeh. I came to find out his great grand parent came from southern Greece to South America. I did a little digging and found that my last name Odeh comes from the Greek name Ode. Both my Father and Mother are native Palestinians. It is quite a shock to me now that seeing your video that two peoples who might share the same ancestry. Would meet on another continent in America in class thousands of years later is amazing. Great Video, don’t stop the work. PS I was in U.S. Marines the other guy in college was in the U.S. Navy. “ I guess the sea people’s were strong in us”
Odeh- our family come from the middle off the north island of n.z. deep in the south pacific. My sis was in france and someone there spotted her as a member off the long lost French Royal family. Then I was in Aucklad City and this Gypsy lady from France spoted me and told me my moms ancestors were the French Royal family. I did some investigations and found out that it was true.
But aren't you Arab?
The Philistines were assimilated into the Assyrians and Babylonian empire.
Modern day Palestinians are just Arabs from Egypt and Syria. The family names are similar.
@@Nderitu.G the modern day Palestinians are the decedents of all the people who have conquered that land or immigrated throughout its history. My Mothers father is who I was named after, had blonde hair and blue eyes. His wife my grandmother brown skin brown eyes was named STAR and her original village before marrying her husband and moving to his village was originally hundreds of year back populated by Hebrews. My ancestors were originally these ancient peoples who populated the land. In time through conquest and assimilation their languages, religions and culture changed. Not to mention all the peoples that fled their lands and came to Palestine for refuge like the Arabian Christians who left Arabia 800 years ago, the Armenian Christian from the Ottoman Turks and other Christian denominations and different religious just to name a few. The myth that the Arab Muslims stormed out of Arabia and killed everything in their path and repopulated all the land with Arabs is pure fantasy. Arab is not a race Arab in the modern context people in the region describe themselves as Arab meaning either either Arab culture or the Arabic language. I hope that helps you better understand. Feel free to ask me anything else and I’ll try my best to respond with what I know. Have a pleasant day.
Another reason some scholars think the Philistines may be Aegean in origin is because of their tradition of settling battles by pitting opposing champions against each other in a duel. Goliath challenging Israel's army to single combat is pretty similar to the one-on-one duels in the Iliad.
The Philistine the correct name as per the Biblical Hebrew being Felesheteyem are Ethiopians who migrated to Israel and got mixed with Eroupean ua-cam.com/video/1iCV2c9l7zw/v-deo.html
This is compelling but maybe that was common ancient practice?
@@rohayeha how could they migrate to Israel if they were there before Israel existed? Your comments are crap.
@@TheAlmightyAss Apparently, it wasn't. A lot of biblical commentaries mention that duels between champions were very uncommon in Hebrew and other Near Eastern stories, which makes David and Goliath unusual.
I'm no biblical scholar -- I just took biblical studies in college and remember reading about this topic, so take it with a grain of salt. However, it was evidently remarkable enough for the experts to take notice.
@@rohayeha its not logic philistine and canaanites already exist alongside judea
The patterns the philistines follow sound eerily similar to what the Normans experienced. A sea faring group of warrior pirates that were defeated by the local leadership and then offered land in a buffer zone, where they mingled with the locals. The Normans, within one generation or so, switched from their Viking traditions to Christianity and from speaking their native Norse tongue to speaking the French dialect of the time. So, it's not that far-fetched to claim that the Philistines underwent a similar process of cultural integration.
That's an interesting thought, but in reality, the Peleset were likely indigenous to Southern Canaan. The Egyptians defeated them (and several other allied groups) at the Battle of the Delta, but also fought a major land battle against them three years earlier in Djahy, which is essentially the homeland of the Philistines. Djahy is the Egyptian word for southern Retjenu, the latter being the Egyptian word for Canaan.
The Normans, and the Swedish Rus becoming the Slavic Rus
Just chanced upon this video.
Such a difficult subject, explained so thoroughly. Simply amazing indeed! The presentation, the art too is incredible! Thank u !🙏
"Mysterious maritime piratical band of apocalyptic marauders" holy shit that writing is FIRE
Some of the Sea Peoples (as far as the Rameses record goes, only two out of twelve) are actually identified, but notably _only_ some of them. Those, in turn, seem to have come from fairly far away (I recall that one group was from the north coast of modern Turkey).
And I thought I could get crazy with the writing! Dang!
The Philistines of Kaphtor: Traders turned Raiders.
Or as we call them today US Marines
@@absalomdraconis I've always found it interesting that theres 12 tribes of Israel and 12 Sea People's tribes.
Whoever makes this art is VERY GOOD.
The script is awesome as well.
:D I make the art and the script, so thank you very much!
I agree the art makes it more interesting to watch.
@@EpimetheusHistory This video is awesome and so much knowledge ful I get various knowledge from this not only from this your all videos are full of the glory of history and wisdom . Your videos are heart touching and it is quite normal that those are win the heart of any one . So according to me your UA-cam channel is best channel on you tube . I subscribed you from 5k because of your that type of great videos and admiring work so I requested you to make a video on Skanderbeg please.
Excellent presentation. Well researched! I'll recommend this video to my students. Thank you!
Marvellous, simple and clear explanation of a time of history unknown today by the majority. Thank you !
Thanks once again for the in-depth break down of another important and (mostly) successful bronze/iron age Civilizations of the region. This period is often glossed over due to the heavy focus on the following Classical Era Empires.
The Philistine the correct name as per the Biblical Hebrew being Felesheteyem are Ethiopians who migrated to Israel and got mixed with Eroupean
@@rohayeha i think an ethiopian origin can not realy be backed with a lot of evidence from what i have heared their pottery mostly resembles aegean styles.
@@J-IFWBR what can be used as evidence is the written materials from which you can follow the languages study which really comes first Amharic/Ethiopic or Hebrew and Aramaic
@@rohayeha can you recomend me a paper or monography on the topic?
@@rohayeha : Genetic testing of graves doesn't support an Ethiopian origin, but instead an origin from modern France.
This is an absolutely OUTSTANDING explanation of the history of the Philistines and of the Levant in general. Extremely balanced, detailed, easy to understand, and enjoyable to follow. Very, very well done!!!
And the white-washing continues..all BLACK BECAME WHITE..ham still live in Africa and they are black.
@@marciabryce1379 pathetic
This video is one of the best of its kind I've ever seen, detailed yet clear and easy to follow, really interesting, a good learning experience.
I got bit by ants
Nothing at all
These are great videos! Thank you for doing them. And your voice is perfect for it. Great job!
Beautiful piece.
Well done and thank you.
It would be interestig to have a history of that region all the way till now. You have done such a great job
You may want to watch Pathos History of the Bible series which looks at the archeological evidence.
from where the video left off, roman/parthians, then arabs, then crusaders, then turks, then british, then jews
@@RingxWorld Yeah, this part is pretty straight forward. And Jews came last but they came as rightful owners and descendants of Canaanites.
The Philistine the correct name as per the Biblical Hebrew is Felesheteyem and they were Ethiopians who migrated to Israel and got mixed with Eroupean
It would be an unfortunately turbulent comments section
"bae wake up, epimetheus just dropped a new video"
Based
@@Yellow.1844 based on what?
@@Phowok based
@@Phowok yes
Based af
Brilliant video 📹 Epimetheus & thank you for sharing. 😊
Great job with the video! I never knew about the origins of the Philistines until this video
A historical background history lesson cleansed for biases, myths or political agendas in these volatile times is a breath of fresh air in these interesting times,
And needed.
One of the best so far,.
It is not that hard when you talk about people who lived 3000 years ago. Talking history of XVIII, XIX and XX century without biases... that is impossible. Maybe in 1000 years, an Ephitemus descendant can talk to people about the history of these centuries without bias.
@@OrochiCr i mean. Take the movie 300. That was biased towards painting the Spartans as good guys and the Persians as a country of debauchery and blood lust. Even the telling of the oldest stories can be affected by modern politics or religion. But this video was great
Agreed. It's quite a good breakdown.
@@yucol5661 the persians were the inviders. there is no argument against that.
agreed
Grate video and description of events as usual. Love how you mention different narrative or documentation of the history and weight them and see which makes more sense to be more accurate.
Thanks again
Fantastic history video! Thank you for putting it out there
I notice histories are a continual series of wars and more wars.
Mankind is medically insane. The heart of man is deceitful above all things and
desperately wicked..
Jeremiah 17: 9.
Awesome explanation. Thanks for sharing. God bless you 👏👍
This is actually a well-informed and nuanced summary of a complex subject. Bravo.
Palestine was named after the Arab deity Baal, hence Pali-Stan. Phelastin is just the semitic pronunciation of the name. Syria was named after his wife Ashyra/Assyra. The whole region Syria-Palestina.
By the way, from one artist to another... HOW THE HELL YOU DETAIL YOUR MAPS SO BEAUTIFUL? Teach me, sensei.
@ThxGod It'sOver - is it important for you to believe that all ancient slave owners were black?
you go to any elementary school and ask the grade 6ers art class to draw them.
That was exactly what I was looking for, thank you. Subscribed.
Thank you for the info and your style!!!
I love how much care you take in explaining context, great video!
I'm gonna be honest. I just love your channel! Keep up with the great videos and thank you for the massive amount of effort you it obviously takes you.
I loved the art work along with explanations, intense but so interesting thank you
Your videos are so interesting. Thank you and congrats!
Judging from the thumbnail, people with funny hats
They wear those so they can sweep the ceiling
People of the past were pretty fond of fancy hats
@@nothingtoseeheremovealong598 you judge a man by the fanciness of his hat
The Philistine the correct name as per the Biblical Hebrew being Felesheteyem are Ethiopians who migrated to Israel and got mixed with Eroupean ua-cam.com/video/1iCV2c9l7zw/v-deo.html
Culture is hats.
Epimetheus never fails and always surpasses my expectations, I love the way he makes history amazingly interesting to most people I am a history lover myself but the way he does things are beyond mine always glad to watch his videos.
Super informative, explanatory and entertaining. Thank you very much.
Missing tons of important information like Ahahab from Bitomri and Yerovam. Also missing is the fact the right name is Plishtim and it means intruders in the biblical language. Another mistake is the Hebrew Stele Amarnaphtach said Israel people and not foreigners. I think he made a lot of historical and archeological mistakes. Better to read archeological books
Great video...thank you for sharing!
I love the maps with colored regions and the illustrations... Outstanding the amount of work you put into these. Instant follow.
Simply epic. Thank you for this in depth history. Certainly not something you’d get in a classroom. Also, it would take months for me to read all of this in books. You made it possible for me to learn more about the Philistines than I would ever have time to learn on my own.
Learning about the current Palestinians is very difficult because of the political problems
Palestine was named after the Arab deity Baal, hence Pali-Stan. Phelastin is just the semitic pronunciation of the name. Syria was named after his wife Ashyra/Assyra. The whole region Syria-Palestina.
Really detailed and interesting history. Glad I found your channel.
Thank you for this piece of work, very interesting.
Serkeftin 💚❤💛
Great video. This really linked many things together. Please continue in good work!
I never realized that the Philistines from my Sunday school days had such a storied history. It is interesting to wonder how different history would look if fate was just a little kinder to them. Great video.
😐😐😐...
yeah..cause fate been kinder to jews right? pfft sunday school...
@@billdehappy1 It was never my intention to imply Jewish people haven't been dealt a heavy hand in life. For such an ancient and storied people, they have endured more than they should have had to bear. My prior post is just wondering how different the history may have been.
@@daniell1483 fair enough..in such case i might have mistaken you and spoke in haste my apologizes
😔😔😔😔 tragic
So glad I found your channel!
This is so cool, I hadn’t heard of this connection to the sea peoples. Good show 👍
Informative, entertaining, and well presented. Damn, I love this channel. Keep up the good work, brother!
Thank you for this wonderfully researched and presented information on how and where the Philistines originated-especially learning how many changes occurred (and convoluted it seems to have gone through) before it evolved! I enjoyed it very much.
Fascinating presentation that clarified a long held mystery about Philistines interconnection with Phoenicians and it is just use of alternate language. Understanding the Levant and proliferation of amalgamating city states helps understanding the eventual separation of Israel and Judah. You are a very illuminating instructor and also enjoyed your illustrations!
This is absolutely my favorite UA-cam channel. Love to you brother!
Excellent overview. Thanks for this historical coverage very often ignored or just mentioned as a footnote of that time.
Thank you for your work!
Fascinating! Thank you ❤
Outstanding mini-documentary! Thank you!
I’ve been longing for someone to explain the Aegean connection of Philistines comprehensively, and this video did really well on that.
Nice, really enjoyed that like the ending.
I really enjoyed the video well done !!
I really like your detailed geographic maps. It's nice to see which rivers flow into the Dead Sea, etc.
Epimetheus, thanks for another great video...maybe its just me but i think itd be super helpful to incorporate some kind of timeline in these videos
Really interesting. Thank you so much.
Love your presentation
Fantastic video, thank you for this!
Thank you for your great work and all the information summarized in 24 minutes
EDIT: you got a new subscriber today 👍
Hi after thought, great video!
This was very good history. It matched all the books and articles ive read pretty well. 👍
Your content is always fascinating. I rarely see content on this kind of thing.
I wasnt even 5 seconds into this video and hit the like button. That's how much I dig your channel.
Outstanding!! Interesting 🧐 very interesting 🤔!! Thank You 😊, Thank You 😊!!
Thank you for your clear information.
In Ethiopia, Palestinians are still called ‘Philistines’
Not philistine they are called falash but the correct word is Felesheteyem as per bibilical hebrew
@@rohayeha no, the ‘Falasha’ are the Beta Isreal community in Ethiopia. They identify as Jews. Most people call them ‘Falasha’ which basically means “Outsider”. ‘Philistine’ means Palestinians, not the Beta Israel community
Ancient Ethiopia and Israel were all jews those that migrated both ways are called Felesheteyem that is how the Biblical Hebrew bible calls them there was no "p" letter in ancient time or at least in the Phoenician alphabete ua-cam.com/video/1iCV2c9l7zw/v-deo.html
@@rohayeha which time period are you referring to?. The whole of Ethiopia was never a Jewish state. Most tribes practiced paganism. I know Ethiopia was once one with modern day Yemen which explains the route for migration. Also explains the Ge’ez alphabet deriving from Sabaean alphabet who were also pagans. Palestinians are the closest people to the philistines since they have inhabited the land since and never left. The Jews and Palestinians of the ancient world were one people.
Judaism was first practiced in Ethiopia and it migrated to Israel. The north and central part of Ethiopia were the first jews. Those who migrated to Israel were the Felesheteyem/Philistine but they mixed with Europeans and came to be known as Arabs. While later some jews came back to Ethiopia and they also came to be known as Felesheteyem/Philiatine and they mixed with the people of Ethiopia.
ua-cam.com/video/1iCV2c9l7zw/v-deo.html
Thanks for covering the Philistines. I've never heard a full account of their history before now!
Keep searching. They're all over the internet now. Trending topic.
@@markberryhill2715 He means actual Philistines. Not Arabs larping as Philistines.
@@cecil123 the "actual philistines" adopt new identity as an Arab, just like mesopotamian and Egyptian.
@@royssche No, the Philistines died off long before the Arab colonial invasion of Jerusalem. About 1200 years before.
@@cecil123 how convenient !
This is really neat! I learned a little bit of Philistine history in Sunday School, of course, but only insofar as it touched on Hebrew and Judeo-Christian history. I think now that I'm older I appreciate the idea of a more nuanced outlook on ancient civilizations that weren't taught to me as being "the good guys." There's something to be said for complicating the Biblical narrative, I think, and allowing our take on the people in the narrative to become more complex. Obviously, I am coming at this from a Judeo-Christian perspective, but even from that perspective, I find this more complicated relationship presented here much more likely and more compelling than the simple "Israelites good, Philistines bad" narrative.
The ONLY reason why the Filistines were portrayed as the bad guys was because they were polytheists. Where's the crime in that?
Those texts were written by ✡️ who were very biased against Filistines. Everyone feared and envied the Filistines. The Brits envied the Filistines so bad that they turned philistine into an insult.
If you're looking for good guys and bad guys, the 🇮🇱 were always the bad guys. They caused nothing but trouble everywhere they went.
Only the 🤡 muhrican evangelicals think israel good philistine bad
The Biblical narrative is all sorts of Highlander-level of propaganda.
The 1st Commandment screams of, "there-can-be-only-one," types of mentality.
Jerusalem at the center of world commerce seems to be the end goal of that blueprint called the Bible.
the Jewish texts logically present them as enemies of the Jews and since both the Greek and Jewish peoples were settlers in the area and had many disputes between them. the Bible clearly says that the Philistines are descendants of the Cretans, therefore of Greek origin.
I mean a civilization can be very complex but still be bad.
Wow, this was impressive in so many ways. I am subscribing immediately.
Undoubtedly one of the best history channels on UA-cam. Being an artist, I am especially in love with the consistency of your custom art. The art style is crude but vibrant and soulful, which is perfect! Wouldn't have it any other way at all. I cannot help but feel really impressed at the sheer amount of assets you have made at this point in your YT career. Characters, map assets, little details like the textures of the sea being creatures, recreations of historical objects (ie the Minoan warrior urn).
Do you ever think you will share your art? The number of ancient character drawings you've done alone could literally fuel the next dozen years' amateur historians and tabletop roleplayers' passions. I can't help but think that the world is weird and if UA-cam explodes sometime in the future then literally all you've done will be lost and your art resources on ancient world cultures is so comprehensive at this point if you kept doing it and eventually released it publically you'd gain a lot of popularity and also in my view really help build up your brand and name.
You are exactly right! The art style is what brings this channel to life and makes it unique!
I agree 110% His art style is kinda Bevis and ButtHead meets The Rugrats yet it is in it own class you know kinda like whimsical yet sophisticated !!!
@@mrbabam7032 😄👏👏
Not true, g-d called it Palestine in Joel 3:4. Palestine was named after the Arab deity Baal, hence Pali-Stan. Phelastin is just the semitic pronunciation of the name. Syria was named after his wife Ashyra/Assyra. The whole region Syria-Palestina.
Not true, g-d called it Palestine in Joel 3:4. Palestine was named after the Arab deity Baal, hence Pali-Stan. Phelastin is just the semitic pronunciation of the name. Syria was named after his wife Ashyra/Assyra. The whole region Syria-Palestina.
I enjoy your awesome videos
Thanks for the information
Excellent video! I love your content on the Bronze and Iron age worlds!
I love your documentary. You give such good vibes.
Very informative, thanks
Very good video thank you👍
Honestly, I think this was one of the (if not *the* ) best-made videos you've produced. And on a topic that is not inherently more interesting than others you've covered previously at that! It's a sign you continue improving in your writing, your structure, and your story-telling - very impressed and looking forward to whatever comes next :D
Absolutely false information lol, other lies from jews. It is written in the Bible and ancient mosaic maps clearly indicate that the Philistines lived beside the Jordan River, from the east and parts of the west, even extending to the southern region of the river in what is now called Petra. which means all the region from the far north of the river Jordan to the south, Please stop lying it's pathetic.
I just discovered this channel and as a history nerd I LOVE IT. Thank you for the hard work and dedication you give to your videos!
Palestine was named after the Arab deity Baal, hence Pali-Stan. Phelastin is just the semitic pronunciation of the name. Syria was named after his wife Ashyra/Assyra. The whole region Syria-Palestina.
So good that I've rewatched a couple times
Thank You.Very interesting.
Aristotle once stated:
"History describes what has happened, poetry what might. Hence poetry is something more philosophic and serious than history; for poetry speaks of what is universal, history of what is particular"
Quran is in perfect poetry
@@khaledhussain123 I agree but I think being arab islamist not good thing. Brother don't forget messopotami might and your involvement in creating great civilization. Islam is not only important part of your history.
@@Stephen-vq1wc Mesopotamian history doesn't belong to Arab Muslims. Even the Mandeans in the South cluster genetically with northern assyrians. You don't get to claim a heritage that Muslims kill us for protecting
@@yaqo6577 Iraqi aren't arabs. They are arabized descendants of messopotamians.
@@yaqo6577 like levant arabized population syrians.
Me not reading the title: Well, we are an island-nation in Southeast Asia and we--
dont mention ophir...that a crazy fanatics marcos fanatics believers imposible dream.
hahahha
This was a fantastic video. Thank you😊😊😊😊p😊
Must say again, really excellent and fascinating.
Fantastic work, as usual. Hope you'll cover the history of the Celts, when you'll get the chance to.
The Philistine the correct name as per the Biblical Hebrew being Felesheteyem are Ethiopians who migrated to Israel and got mixed with Eroupean
Kings and generals is doing a series on them if you're interested
@ThxGod It'sOver get a life
@ThxGod It'sOver wow, still can't find your life can you, want any help?
@ThxGod It'sOver I would leave this but its tooo funny, oh and by the way, how could I believe in the devil if I don't believe in God, given that they're the same and all.
Great video. It was well organized and put together. I liked how you displayed multiple options that could have happened. There is a been a lot of dna testing the past 5-10 years in that area that would make a great addition to future videos like these. All in All an excellent, educated performance my friend. Keep doing what you do
Palestine was named after the Arab deity Baal, hence Pali-Stan. Phelastin is just the semitic pronunciation of the name. Syria was named after his wife Ashyra/Assyra. The whole region Syria-Palestina.
I really enjoyed this video and hopefully looking forward on a vídeo about Illyria, modern day Albania.
I know that I am not adding anything new to the comment conversation but still I would like to say "thank you". This video gives a rough timeline of a group of people over hundreds of years. Like you said at the end, they are usually treated as a footnote in someone else's story. Hundreds of years as a distinct culture in that region especially is no small feat. They deserve to be remembered.
Thank you! :)
They do deserve to be remembered. Very complex people.
We studied about the philistines in elementary and middle school in Israel, but never to this level of detail. fascinating stuff really.
Another fantastic video on Bronze Age history
Sadly, the history of the East Mediterranean has been greatly politicized and whole groups are labeled as good people or bad people. Thank you for your super interesting way of recounting history.
I don’t think I blinked the whole presentation 😆
Welcome to earth
Well that's human tribalism.
Israel is bad cause they want to expunge or exterminate the Muslims
That was very interesting. So much fighting predominantly over trade routes apparently. Thanks.
Thanks! Global trade routes are still very important today.
VERY informative !! Thank you for this awesome content
cool one!. I really like your ones on the middle east,I like the details you put in
Such a great analysis on this ancient peoples.
Very good video 👍👍👍
That was good !!! - Really good 👍 👍
For everything that i understand, iron weapons would not give you so much of an edge against bronze weapons, at least not in small quantities. Although iron is slightly better in terms of durability, the main advantage is ease of access.
Btw... great video as usual!
Early iron was very hit or miss. An inferior piece could be very brittle and rust overnight. Once the smelting technology matured, huge amounts could be produced cheaply because of the availabilty of iron ore compared to copper and tin. This made it possible to equip armies on a much larger scale with metal weapons.
So it’s not so much that a soldier with iron weapons and armor would have a huge advantage against a soldier equipped with bronze. More that once iron could be produced reliably on a large scale, there was really no need to keep producing the more expensive bronze war equipment.
@@Mikebumpful exactly, that's why, although I think it's interesting the philistines had iron tipped spears, I believe the advantage that would have provided is probably minimal... However, a tiny bit of extra hardness, specially in a piercing weapon, might have been an edege in armour penetration
@@pablolongobardi7240 I believe the whole collapse of bronze age was because of iron weapons. Sea people were able to defeat all major powers in the old world blundering and bankrupting them which lead after some time and domino effect to the collapse.
@@FerasLab the way I see it, iron "popularized" weaponry, and made it available for the masses, without the need of a functioning central government to ensure the supply of the super scarce tin. I don't think iron is such a great advantage by itself, like @Sven-Arne Skarvik said. In a battle between 2 equal armies, the fact that one has iron weapons and the other bronze, would be a rather minor point, specially, like @Sven-Arne Skarvik said, iron of this time was probably of very bad quality.
1. Well researched.
2. Easy to follow narration.
3. Simple but effective visual.
4. Honest.
5. BEST voice over. (3rd behind Morgan Freeman and James Earl Jones)
Thank you for another fantastic video.
My first comment on your video's, long time watcher! Please keep up the great work!
Excellent video. 🤘🏻🇬🇧
(1) Really great explanation of this subject.
(2) This is the "short" answer? Wow.
Such fascinating history!