How They Did It - The Religion of Ancient Carthage DOCUMENTARY
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- Опубліковано 20 вер 2024
- A history documentary on the mysterious religion of ancient Carthage. Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: try.magellantv.... It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: www.magellantv...
This history documentary explores the mysterious religion of Carthage. The video begins with the history of the Phoenicians and their religion. Once established, we then trace its transportation to the west through colonization and how it evolved over the course of Carthaginian history.
The documentary then looks at the Carthaginian pantheon, its holy places, and its practices. The pantheon focuses on major gods like Melqart, Ba'al Hammon and Tanit as well as minor gods like Eshmun and Reshef. We then discuss the holy places of the religion of Carthage which include both sites in nature as well as temples. Next the history documentary looks at the practices of the mysterious religion of Carthage which involves prayer, offerings, and sacrifice. Finally the documentary concludes with a discussion of Carthaginian religious belief and what little information we have on the rest of their religion. Sadly much is lost a result of the Punic Wars and the Siege of Carthage by the Roman Army.
Sources and Suggested Reading
"The Carthaginians" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage Must be Destroyed" by Richard Miles
#History
#Carthage
#Documentary
I’m so happy that you guys are talking about Carthage. It deserves to be studied like Rome, Greece, Egypt, and China. Such and interesting nation people and culture
everything deserves being talked about but economy dictates all
As more scholarship comes out and archaeological findings increase I think there will be much more attention payed to civilizations that don't get the same attention that Rome and Greece have. The Etruscans, Carthaginians, Celtiberians and many other civilizations/groups in the Mediterranean all had influence on the aforementioned powers that doesn't get the credit it deserves
While I would certainly love to see their history discussed more and feel it has merit, I cannot agree wholly with your statement for the following reason..
The aforementioned civilizations not only left us a comparably greater written/archaeological record, but (and these are not disparate threads) the other civilizations in many ways have a continuum and influence that is still visible and alive in contemporary time(s)
...Egypt maybe less than the others, yet its status as one of THE cradles of civilizations, the peculiar and monumental nature of its society, etc means it has maintained an enduring fascination for humanity since it was scarcely 'ancient'
The legacy of the Hellenistic world persists today in the Western world (and Russia & periphery) as well as the Islamic world, obviously China in East Asia, etc.
Whereas Cartago really was destroyed. Very little that is Punic is visible in our culture or in most of history after the Third Punic War. Indeed, its mother-city and civilization has had a much longer-lasting impact, e.g. the alphabet, etc
Its possible some genetic imprint lives on in N. Africa, Iberia, etc but I'd wager that the Carthaginians allies, vassals, proxies in the 'hinterland' (Numidians, Iberians, Sardinians, etc) have had a much longer and deeper one - culturally, as well.
Not arguing or even debating what you have said, so much as just throwing out another perspective. For what its worth.
(edit: upon reading comments from people living in Tunisia, etc ... I must confess, there is perhaps a little bit more left of their legacy today than I would have imagined!)
@@jrodowens I highly recommend Richard Miles' Carthage Must Be Destroyed. The title is somewhat cringeworthy, and some bits, mostly the appropriation of Hercules as religious figurehead are meh, it was incredibly insightful.
@@kingcorp Sounds to me like some more roman propaganda about what happened to Carthage...
Thank you for reminding me how little I know and how much I want to learn
Well said, well said
I'm tunisian and i feel as much ignorant.. I know even less of the Amazigh, my probable biological ancestors. I may be one.
Thank you for putting it perfectly.
Cheers history fans
Your a wise person
@@salwaaj1356 Were they really called the Amazigh; or could this be a reference to the mythical Amazons...?
“...and I think the children will be quiet tonight” - Carthage intro, Rome: Total War
I used to love that game way back in the day! Is it still around?
Yep the original Rome still has a active community and still have tournements if your into that. About 200 active online players at any given time. Either game ranger or steam base
@@SuperPeleke I still play the game most days
Nooo way. I play that game everyday, still by very far my favorite total war game. I
What is that quote supposed to mean?
Carthage is probably one of the most interesting ancient civilsations.
Thanks for the props bro
I speak Hebrew and given that Hebrew barely evolved for the past 2000 years, its surprising how I understand literally 90% of the Phoenicians words. Like Semes = Shemesh (sun), Cart Hadash = Kiriya Hadash (new city), and Ba'al (Owner/God) and Rab Kohanim (Chief of priests) are still the same in both langauges. I mean even most of you guys know that Rab means chief, given that Jews refer to their religious chiefs as rabbi or rab.
Wow really that makes me kind of want to learn Hebrew.
@@geth7112 If I recall correctly, the main differences between modern Hebrew and classical/Biblical Hebrew is the alteration of some words, the addition of more words, and the common sentence structure in modern Hebrew is different due to influences from other, non-Semitic languages.
@A. Ceniza English shares similarities with Dutch, but I don't think they're similar enough that this degree of understanding would appear between the two, especially during speech. Although English is closely related to Dutch, it has heavy Celtic, Norse, and French influences.
Generally, I can "read" Dutch as well as I can "read" French going off the English-esque spellings of words. It's similar to how I feel "reading" Japanese as a Chinese speaker.
Makes sense since Hebrew practically died out as a spoken language in ancient times, around the same time phoenician still existed, only to be revived in the modern era. It's like being in a time capsule. It's also interesting how semitic languages are related, Qart Hadasht = Qarya Haditha (in arabic).
Vyacheslav Medvedenko, it's very, very interesting that "Ba'al translates to "OWNER/God". I only know of one belief system - satanism - where adherents believe that their god satan 'owns' them. Ba'al is also depicted in statues with a goat's head and infants were sacrificed to Ba'al in ancient Israel and in Caanan, probably other cultures in the area as well. satanists also use blood sacrifices in their rituals. Do you think Ba'al is lucifer??? According to the Jewish scholar Carol
It's really sad that there is this massive chunk of history that was lost when Carthage was destroyed.
It's not just Carthage. I think you'll find that anywhere you go in the world there is a forgotten people, or lost culture that is unrecognized simply because a bigger, stronger culture steam rolled over them. Infact I'd suspect we probably only know about 35% of our species own history. . . . .makes you think huh?
SALT THE EARTH
@@Strider91 I think we know far, far less, modern humans have existed for 200 thousand years but almost all of our knowledge is concentrated in the last 4 thousand years.
@@Nov1706 Aeterna Victrix!
Only The Best 10 Minute Loops as great as it was, I wouldn’t really call it the best bro
Can't wait to see a series on the Parthia, or Berbers, or other lesser-known civilizations
.
Maybe... we can have Sumerian because people ignore the Sumerians in their history books.
Les Berbères!
Vive les Amazighs!
WOOOOOOOOOOO!
❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
👍👍👍👍👍
@@4FYTfa8EjYHNXjChe8xs7xmC5pNEtz AWOOOOOOO!
Berbers are a people rather than a "civilisation".
@@unlivethesystem8634 uhm no they are also a civilization much older than the Greeks, they had Bubastite dynasty which conquered egypt and sacked Jerusalem, Numidia kingdom, Mauretania kingdom were all Berber they even influenced greek mythology: Poseidon, Atlas, Tinjis, lamya, gaia and medusa. egyptian mythology: ammun, seth and alot
So the most often displayed Carthaginian coat of arms is actually an image of Tanit? That's nice!
I know right? You think it's just a cool symbol, then you learn it is actually a simplified representation of an important diety
@The Absolute Madman for me, it is when I watch a video on the Punic Wars and Carnage is represented with the image of Tanit. I never see the origin brought up to much in those contexts
The Berbers still use it as well
Bearded man with horns? Rebirth?
Dionysos wants to know your location.
In several iterations of Dionysus authors seemed to allude to Dionysus being an "Eastern" god, coming from the lands he "conquered"/was worshipped to Greece, so it could be likely that Dionysus is a Greek syncretism of this figure seen in other Levantine, Mesopotamian and Anatolian religions of the time
And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face had grown horns; and they were afraid to come nigh him.
kaio shin that is a mistranslation the horns were originally beams of light from when he had seen Adonai
lol
@@Patches2212 dionysos was believed to live in the far east, thats why at one point a group of people set out to find his home andcenturies later where found by alexander in the Hymalaias called the Calas and they believed they found his home
Off course Ba'al Hammon was associated with the sun, he must had history of fighting some mesoamerican vampires
AYAYAYAYAYA
Are you talking about the Egypto-Mezoamerican Carthaginian jews?
Wow it amazes me how many people didn't get the reference
ThT’s why Carthage settled do far from Japan...
a society with Jojo for a religion would be awesome.
At the wedding, the bride glorifies the goddess Tanit by taking her form in what we call, in Tunisian "al jalwa" the other reference to Tanit is the hand of Fatima, a kind of hamulet, which is worn against the bad. eye. it's amazing, as Carthage is still present in the culture of my country, even if the majority of Tunisians do not know the origins of some of their traditions, like the chakchouka dish, a lot of words and other stuff
MODERN DAY tUNISIANS ARE IN NO WAY RELATED TO ANCIENT CARTHAGENIANS
@@matiusbond6052 just like Italians are in no way related to romans
And greeks are in way related to the old greek empire . It's been thousands of years no one can claim to be of Carthaginian or roman descent because it's not possible people marry from outside and races meddle . But that doesn't mean that the region still have habits from its old civilizations . We dont have to prove that we have Carthaginian blood to be proud of our history
If the made their idols out of steel, they’d have
Ba’als of steel
Edit: if the Gods were so easily changeable and tradeable, they must be damn faithless imperials
DAMMIT, this cracked me up, thank you for making my day.
Slappy_is _lazy Which part? The balls of steel or the Skyrim reference?
@@bigredwolf6 both 😂😂😂
Baal was a storm god who, supposedly to ancient Phoenician mythology, liked to hang out or reside in mountains or high elevated terrains. The Old Latin word "Punic" meant purple which was a color many educated Romans, patrician senators and plebians alike associated with Carthage or the Phoenicians. The Phoenicians were quite fond or enamored with colors purple or scarlet just in the same way the ancient Assyrians were fond of red.
The word Bible actually was originally derived from the ancient Phoenician city of Biblyos, in what's now modern-day Lebanon and ancient Israelites had a very strong diplomatic/trade relationship with the Phoenicians that according to Biblical sources dates back to King David, who hired Phoenician engineers, architects, masons, builders to construct his palace in Jerusalem. Solomon's Temple, the original design, conceptual and architectural layouts were done by Phoenician architects, engineers, and laborers sent by King Hiram of Tyre to Solomon. Phoenicians were master tradesmen, skilled craft artists, sort of like the Dutch of the ancient world, as a primary maritime trade sea power that excelled in commerce, bartering, and exploring to find new or better markets.
@@davidroberts7282 i heard bible comes from biblos or biblios (idk the original spelling), which is the greek word for book. i dunno tho.
To this day, Tanit and Baal Hammoun are somehow present in modern Tunisia culture.
Really how so ?
@@geth7112 The Berbers do invoke Tanit in some prayers, one I do recall is some prayer for rain but I do not remember how it goes.
@@hyperion3145 Are there Berbers that still practice some form of the old Pantheon or is Tanit mixed in the current abrahamic religious tradition of the region?
Really?
@@geth7112 for example the traditional Tunisian doors are shaped like Tanit and is filled with symbols from those times. Also many times you find these symbols in for example carpets, tiles, jewelry, traditional clothing,..
I'm so grateful to this channel for more Carthage content. Such a mysterious civilization and such an influential one to the Roman's even if people don't realize.
I'm disappointed that this video still doesn't have captioning. Not only deaf history lovers (like me) would appreciate this, but also other people who have difficulty in their hearing. Accessibility *is* highly valued.
Wouldnt it be be better to just ask if that would be possible, instead of of starting off with Im disappointed. Were not entitled or anything...
@@Robert-yk8tx you came out the womb being able to hear anything you needed without help all the time, and you call people asking for the privilege you enjoy simply by right of birth “entitled.” One ill-timed thunder clap upon your head and you’d lose that ease; you’d be disappointed too, you utter child. Sorry not everyone speaks politely enough to earn your good graces, brat.
Turn sound on
Thanks for this! I’m from Tunisia and are so interested in North African history. Always been a fan o Carthage’s history and have seen the ancient remains of Carthage but you man always drop that knowledge thank you!
They teach us very little about the religion of Carthage in school, I'm always fascinated to know more!
@@sambeck2510 that's true but in comparison to this, it's even less.
Are you tunisian?
@@jasondaveries9716 yes in tunisia we learn about it
@AfricanQueen Queen of Africa Well, despite your well-intended sarcasm, you're not that far from the truth. The "lessons" that covered Carthaginian, Egyptian, Roman, and Greek deities and/or religions are half-baked vague overviews just to let you know a religion of (false) gods existed. And that would be it. It is never mentioned again and hopefully forgotten. This is one lousy way to provide an "education" on other religions.
@@AlexIncarnate911 They used to worship Baal. They're evil, my friend
Hi Invicta, I love your amazing videos especially the "Growing Up" serial. I am studying about Byzantine Empire lately. I would like to know how it's like to grow up as a Byzantine kid. So, I would like an episode about "Growing Up Byzantine". Also, I would like you to have subtitle in your next videos. Thank you!
-Rexory -
Well just hope you did not growup in the year 526 because would probably been a very short and unfortunate life.
@@xmaniac99 Do you mean 536 AD, bro?
Growing up in the Eastern Roman Empire could be drastically different depending on what era you lived in and what part of the empire you lived in and the status of your family.
There's the era before the rise of Islam when they were constantly getting into wars with Persia then there's the times the Rashidun Caliphate dominated the Middle East starting in the 7th century and the Eastern Roman Empire had lost North Africa and the Levant and Anatolia was under constant Arab raids then the Empire's resurgence during the 10th and 11th centuries when the cataphracts dominated the battlefield. And of course the era of Byzantine decline.
You could do so much material on this civilization and examine it from time to time during its ebb and flow.
99% of Berber female names start with a T and end with a T, just like Tanit.
because tanit was a Berber myth godesses origin
كاعد تهدر منك بالصح أيها البربري ألهة كنعانية فينيقية مئة بالمئة تقريباً من بعل ورشف وعشتار وإيل...... إنتهى عصركم العالم كامل فضحكم يالقطاء
@@jostraklahcen1676 رأسك يقول هذا
تانيث ألهة كنعانية موجودة حتى بقبرص وصور ومالطا وهي شكل عشتار وهي كلمة سامية من المؤنث وليس لها علاقة مع البربرة الهمج .
@@bilelbika oh again another arab bedouin remember how your people lived in Ancient times with zero civilization, not a single building in arabia is older than 1937 since oil is discovered, Tanit was never in canaan or cyprus because it is a Berber word, in phoenincian you wont find this name in people in the ancient times,
phoenincians were economicall traders and not interested in spreading their culture (opposite of the greeks) , when it comes to culture they even got influenced by egyptians
I find it very interesting that the name of the master priest was "rav kohanim" because "kohanim" is literally the same word used for priest in Hebrew
Fun fact. Phoenician and Hebrew were dialects of the same Cananite language.
Hebrews were originally polytheistic and we’re heavily influenced by neighbouring cultures so it makes sense
@@keltian right. But it's interesting to see words that mean exactly the same thing in the exact same context.
Pordan Jederson Yes as others have said both the Hebrews and the Phoenicians are a Canaanite people, who had similar language, gods, and culture. In fact the name Carthage is the semitic phrase Cart Hadash, which means “New City”. Hadash means “New” even in modern Hebrew.
I find it difficult to discern between spoken modern Hebrew and Arabic.. not Phoenician but obviously also Semitic. Also of interest, aside from both being Western Semitic (I dunno if calling them both Canaanite is accurate or even useful), the ancient kingdom of the Hebrews often had deep cultural political ties/alliances with various Phoenician city-states, particularly Tyre - often in opposition to or at the expense of neighboring peoples, Semitic or otherwise.
The previous bit is all mentioned with some frequency in that part of the Old Testament dealing with the kingdom of David (and his successors).. but I found it worth mentioning because of how few in the West today are familiar with 'the Bible.' Regardless of the supernatural and cultic aspects, and despite the mythologizing of its narrative, there is certainly a thread of credible, corroborated history.
Am Tunisian from djerba island , and am from a small town who’s speaking the ancient barbaric language but now I realized that the language we speak is the Carthaginian language because we have some terms like for wishing luck for example that we saying the name of Baal and tanit and we have a small town in the island that we call it Tanit
8:50 - I don't think people in antiquity struggled to remember the many gods of their cultures any more than people today might struggle to remember the tens of thousands of characters they encounter in shows, movies, books, music and games. Perhaps it was difficult to keep a record of gods from other cultures, but I suspect people's capacity to know at least a name and a description of thousands of deities was quite large.
I’m so glad you did a video on this. The ancient culture of Carthage has always fascinated me. I’m probably obsessed with it.
Me too!
I dont see why people get so worked up over the human sacrifice bit. The druids had human sacrifice, the norse had human sacrifice, the mesoamericans had human sacrifice, it wasn't an uncommon feature of pagan religions. I think its more likely that any bias in the sources would be directed toward covering up human sacrifice by the ancient romans and greeks rather than slandering their neighbors.
They also didn't have human sacrifice the Kelton Lions there were times when they had abhorred it. The as ancient hebrews had human sacrifice bible wise and ok outside
Man this guy is really sympathetic to the child sacrificing Carthaginians
Do the Etruscans next!
Me: Its 3 am i should probably go sleep.
Invicta: *Uploads* Are you sure about that?!
Can’t believe I searched for Phoenician religion and came across one of my fav yt historians’ video on it . Just found you out too, bless up
But the Phoenician religion is the same as the main god, Baal, who resembles demons with a sheep's head
Multiple versions of Ba'al. Where have I seen this before...
Ra?
Impudence! No, tuna!
Any other religion in the world?
Indeed, Aaron Fine.
Those Hollywood, billionaire and government types love Moloch ba'al to this day
This time of history is so freaking interesting.
hannibal wrote about how he was there when his father sacrificed his brother to one of their gods. This was a normal thing in many religions. Greeks and romans never made human sacrifice part of their relgion but they also made tossing out infants a normal part of their socieity. I dont get why historians gloss over these things.
@Katarina Love A couple of years ago I read david Humes history of england (it was written in the 17th century) and well I have never been so glad to be an american.
Ever heard the story of Iphiginea?? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphigenia
And Rome itself ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome#Human_sacrifice
So yeah, they did this also.
I dont think people realize just how common place was wanton abandonment of children in pagamism especially in the decadent, late stages of it.
Women to abandon unwanton children in the woods outside Rome especially those born out of illicit relationships when promiscuity rose.
But now mothers just murder them in the womb instead. True human progress!
Caleb Fielding Bc it’s sick and disturbing, just goes to show how humans can justify pretty much any evil, anyways I do agree that hey should be transparent and Frank concerting this, good or bad, it did happen, and fairly commonly too, it’s not mere “propaganda”.
One Adam You’re joking right? Or are you just delusional?
I am from Tunisia and I learned more about my history in this video than what I was taught in school.
I’m just here surprised by how much The Elder Scrolls deities took from Cartage’s pantheon
Did they?
@Davide C. The deites from The Elder Scrolls are named after beta-testers of TESII Daggerfall.
Krążownik not their names, their policies
You should start studying all paganism in general. You'll find Elder Srolls is just a pagan universe.
@@aidansumner8364 well yeah of course it's a pagan universe, they have a pantheon of human like deities. I was just surprised they took so much from this pagan religion in particular
Great Video Invicta, this topic of Carthage religion was really interesting, though I wished we knew more about their faith today.
peasant: "my lord, what should we adopt from the egyptians, the technique of making mummies or killing babies?"
lord: "well mummies are kinda scary"
- carthage 500 bc
This is just not true. There is no historical proof Child Sacrifce took place within Carthaginian Society.
Did the Egyptians practice child sacrifice? I would think it came from the bronze age religions of the levant. Since Phoenicians had very similar customs to other local semitic cultures, it might have some continuity to what the bible describes about the pagan religions of Canaan.
@James L Romans would usually strangle prisoners of war to death after a triumph in honour of the gods
@@juandelacruz4679 yeah 😂😂😂 as if Bible is a good source of history😂
@@saurabhbanik7811 It's pretty decent actually. If we are looking at the Jewish Tanakh, that is. Majority of it isn't fairytales and casting out demons so much as it is a record of Jewish history and culture up until the Persian era.
It should be taken with a grain of salt, especially the New Testament, but you have to realize that it is a historical text. Amongst the odd things happening, the historical context is there and it helps lead to more investigations into places like Babylon (which was thought to be a myth up until the 1800s where more interest in historical Babylon showed that such things did happen and it absolutely was real). Myths typically have some historical background as well and are also useful (the myth of Cadmus shows that the Phoenicians did introduce their alphabet to Greece and have been involved in the Mediterranean longer than most civilizations).
I think a video about the Sumerians, their culture and their mythos would be really cool, like, insanely cool
I love ancient religions and it really makes me view the world more open mindedly even as a Christian myself!
It’s really too bad no first hand Carthaginian accounts seem to have survived to tell us about how they lived daily and practiced their religion or really how they perceived the world.
Same here. I too am fascinated by ancient religions. I wish everyone would just go back to worshipping the gods they had been, for 1000s of years
@@heathenfire There are groups for things like this but they usually devolve into LARPing. That's what happened to Nova Roma.
@@hyperion3145 Actually I'm a Hindu. I already live in a society where people worship ancient gods. My father is very religious, and I've been to many sacred trees, groves, though large temples with many shops, restaurants and motels surround these places now.
I've prayed to idols,animals, trees, rivers.etc. it isn't anything unusual here in India. People have been doing this for thousands of years and continue to do so.
Paganism in modern times.
@Jonathan Williams lemme guess. The lord and savior Horus Christ is the true savior right? 😒
You probably aren't Christian then, Chris. God hated idols and had them all abolished... he had people put to death for worshiping in their evil ways. But now, even people who claim to be Christian celebrate what is Pagan and Godless, that glorify child-sacrificers, as they sacrifice their own children.
That is why the virus is ravaging the world... because even the people meant to save the world have joined it in its evil.
This was great - thank you! I have studied and loved Classics all my adult life, and I want to echo what has been said by others - though there is excellent research going on about Carthaginian culture, very little gets disseminated to a broad and very interested public. You are doing a real service with these videos.
Given that Carthage's infant mortality was comparable to their contemproraries, and Moloch's primary focus was medicine, it's entirely possible that the ritual sacrifice of children was mostly performed upon children who were already on the verge of death. Or even done post mortem after their deaths of natural causes... Sacrifice to other gods on the other hand...
This was super informative and I really appreciate you guys putting the work into it! Also thanks for the MagellanTV offer, didn't know there was a documentary streaming service!!
11:55 totally reminds me of my favorite childhood bedtime stories about the final days of Carthage. You know, the ones where the Priests of Carthage called for the sacrifice of thousands of pure, innocent, children to call down favor from their gods when Scipio Aemilianus was knocking at their port door after Hannibal was soundly defeated by Scipio Africanus.
Not being one to overlook the obvious lessons from history, I often want to tell our modern day false prophets of the current death cult, "With all these medically unnecessary, elective, abortions, where is thy providence and bounty? Where is thy god? Doth she sleepth?"
It is honourable to mention that even till these days people in Syria and Lebanon uses the word of ba'al to describe agriculture that depends on rain water.
9:31 Reminds of what happened to the whereabouts of the Celtic gods and goddesses, they live around nature or in remote hard to reach areas. It also reminds me of some deities in some Asian myths.
Carthage was founded by those that had been driven out of Canaan by Moses and Joshua, in around 1177 BC. The Bible extensively describes their Ba'al Worship.
Idk how accurate it is but ive heard/read the theories of bal hammon being a mergin of ammon and bal simmilar to how egyptian merged ammon with ra (Ammon-Ra) and how the macedonians merged ammon with zeus (Zeus Hammon), its also a point that the first name seems to imply a higher esteem/respect thus bal hammon would be similair to classical colonisation where religions were merged rather than supressed, in order to better allow integration of the local populace
Rather than being a seperate aspect of bal, its a combination of two gods, at least from my understanding
I always wondered if the Carthaginians had won, would the Roman practice of exposing unwanted infants have come down to us as a history of brutal human sacrifice to their evil gods?
It's really interesting to see how many loanwords and similar etymologies there are between the Phoenician/Punic language and Hebrew.
@@nathanmorgan3647 I didn't know that Deido was related to Jezebel! Definitely would make sense, just never made the connection
They're both Semitic peoples. It's the same with European languages for the most part with that "link" between most if not all the languages. Phoenicians came from the same region as the Hebrews more or less.
@@elhanankarmeli7074 Hebrews and Phoenicians were relatives
I'd like you to cover Carthaginian influences on neighbouring cultures in detail.
I appreciate the nature of the documentary, and look forward to the future episode that will cover the question of human sacrifices (and the debate surrounding that practice). A couple of things to consider - since this presentation tells how much the Carthaginians borrowed from the Phoenecians - Ba'al was a god to whom worshippers regularly offered human sacrifice. And (according to an article I read 30 years ago or so) archeological digs have found that animal sacrifices preceded human sacrifices. The author of that article speculated that this because (as the city was in its infancy) there were more animals than humans... therefore animals were easier to procure and of less value than the children of the community. As time progressed, however, the demand for food increased and the population became larger... thus humans became less valuable than animals and became the sacrifice of choice.
Condensed history: the Canaanites become Phoenicians, who became Carthaginians, ergo, Carthaginian religion was simply the old Canaanite religion with some foreign influences and adaptions added in.
Thanks for that.
Excellent. This channel produces such high quality videos 👍🏻
Just because you mentioned them, now we want a video on Phoenician and Nuragic gods. Fun fact: in Sardinia there are some reenactment groups that are doing a crazy job at keeping and discovering more about the nuragic people, exploring areas of the inland (mainly mountains) were it is said that supposedly weren't controlled by Carthage, finding many archeological goods.
When will the next what if Caesar was never assassinated episode be coming out.
I personally think that the Roman Senate would have had an easier time of keeping in power over the coming centuries by letting Caesar do what he wanted. I know that's some huge irony, but it seems that the chaos that came from his death and the civil wars that followed cemented the death of the Roman Republic far more than Sulla or Caesar's march on Rome. After a few emperors and more chaos it seemed that the Senate became almost codependent to the idea of having one person they could blame for everything. They had several chances to restore the order of the Republic but they were like stuck in Stockholm Syndroke figuring it was easier to just carry on as they had. Caesar staying alive most likely means consolidated borders, a larger and more representative Senate, and key changes to improve the beaurocratic slog. Now maybe no matter what, Octavian seizes the state for himself and civil war happens as soon as Caesar died of natural causes, but I like to think in his old age he would have helped truly restore the Republic after getting to play king for a couple decades.
This is making me want to read The Dead Past by Asimov again. The main character is obsessed with seeing what Carthage was really like because he wants to know if they sacrificed kids. Plus, you can contemplate how Google maps will be the the chronoscope in a few iterations. Great video!
You know I’ve actually been to one of the Carthaginian sacrifice sites in modern day Tunis. The urns of suspected sacrifice victims are buried in caves and underground the site but there are also several headstones. At the site I was told that infants would be placed in the arms of the goddess and set on fire as a sacrifice but I wonder if it was a cremation ceremony for stillborn or very young deceased children. It would make since as a ritual of sending them to the gods. Idk I don’t have a way of backing that up. I know human sacrifices have been a verified fact through world history but this particular case makes me wonder.
Imo Carthage performed institutional human sacrifice, to be fair it occurred throughout the world. There’s also a lot of written records about human sacrifice in the region and with adjacent religions. And not just by the Roman’s and Greeks, but by Semitic peoples themselves. (If you go back far enough the Greeks also committed human sacrifice). In the Bible, specifically the Old Testament, there’s a sacrifice of a young girl because her father pledged to sacrifice whatever greeted him first. There’s also the more well known story of Abraham being told to sacrifice Isaac. Looking at it from a historical angle, it could be argued that this story represented a pivot away from older practices to newer ones.
Thanks for bringing my ancestors story to light.
You’re going to get so many American evangelist minds blown! Great video!
This was so awesome. You should discuss other religions of other ancient cultures like the Gauls or the Mongols.
Astarte's predominance was by your admission in images of her praying under a crescent moon. This does not mean she was the chief god, it means she worships the chief god. In Catholic doctrine Mary the mother of Jesus is pictured in thousands of art pieces, this does not put her above God or Jesus. Mary isn't even part of the Holy Trinity and yet her picture adorns many more things than the abstract Holy Spirit, which is equal to God and Jesus but is never really seen in art.
The Phoenicians were the Israelites, the Canaanites were Judeans. The Israelites aligned with refugees from the eruption of Thera in Santorini. The horns on Viking helmets represent the rise and fall of Venus before the Sun is and Sunset, which is how they read the zodiac, and what the Pheonician Bible, or Byblos Bel, Book of Bael, is all about. Israel is the Fruit of Ra and Isis, they settled across the planet, as far as Wales and Scandinavia, becoming the Scots and Nordic people, and Ohio and Guatemala in Mesoamerica. The Adena and Aztecs used the exact same lunar solar metonic, and worshipped the same Pheonix, aka the Plumed Serpent as Egyptians and Phoenicians. A Pharisee, A Sea King, A Pharaoh of the Sea, A Viking, A Venetian, the King of Tyre was named Paris, they also founded Carthage, where a second temple to Baal and his Scion Melqart's, Lord of Tyre. Egypt is a star map, and America is the Phoenician land of Ophir, which mirrors the star map of Egypt, the night sky recreated on Earth, as above so below. The earth orbits the sun anticlockwise, which means the zodiac goes backwards, John the Baptist Aquarius comes after Jesus the fisher of men, Pisces. St John's day, when Donald John Trump was born to Mary Mckleod and Fred CHRIST on the Summer Solstice, the day of the Pheonix, St John is the Pheonix, Jesus, Osiris. The skull and bones of the Pirates is the crossed crook and flail of Osiris, whose death marked the start of the age of Taurus, the eye patch representing his missing eye. The missing eye is Rigel, which we put on our Xmas Tree on Saturnalia, the Winter Solstice, the Tree itself represents Nimrod, who is also Osiris, the constellation of Orion, which rises on the day of the Pheonix. The Christian Cross is the Cross of Baal, high Lord of the City of Tyre, built on a rock, just offshore of Urshu, the name means city of peace, Jerusalem. Carthage means the New City, New Jerusalem. Where the.temple of Melqart featured twin bronze pillars, the solar lunar calendar. The Old Testament is of the expansion of Egypt under Amenhotep, Hapshepsut, Arkenaten, and Tutmoses iii. The New Testament is the key allowing them to navigate with the stars at night, and the book of Revelations is the projected astrological calendar of Pisces, written by the Ptolemaic dynasty using the Antithykera mechanism. The kneeling statue of Herakles can be found on Easter island, named for Ishtar, the planet Venus. Captain Cook travelled there in 1760 to document the transit of Venus, helping to refine latitude measurements to make better maps, which is how he discovered New Zealand, where the same double swirls of Venus, Standing Stone circles, and tales of red haired long skulled, Soltice worshipping mummified cannibals abound. The famous Pere Reis map was found on one of Christ o Columbidae's (annointed dove) sailors, Knights Templar graves were found in California dated to 1100, and the serpent mound in Ohio is dated to 1080, exactly half of an astrological age of 2160 years. The Serpent on the pole is Draco, the Pole Star, 2160 minus 144 is 2016, Carthage fell in 146 BC, Jerusalem and Tyre were subsumed in 70 AD. 146 plus 70 is 216, a lunar metonic cycle, the return of the Pheonix. The Pyramid at Cheops is 216ft tall, the area of Stonehenge is 21600ft square. And the Knights Templar faked their death Feb 13 1307, Serpentis, the Serpent bearer is the 13th sunsign of the Phoenician zodiac, it's found in Virgo, the Virgin. Xmas is 9 months after Ishtar, Easter, when Tammuz/Nimrod/Horus/Hercules/Thor is born to the same one eyed father God.
You can corroborate all of this with basic investigation, I highly recommend looking at Carl Muncks work "the code" and Micah Dank's work, Mr Astrotheology is older and a little more eccentric, but he explains the same basic aspects of zodiac worship well.
The Metonic cycle or enneadecaeteris is a period of approximately 19 years after which the phases of the moon recur on the same day of the year.
www.academia.edu/8845712/One_Day_every_216_Years_Three_Days_each_Decan_Rebirth_Cycle_of_Pythagoras_Phoenix_Hazon_Gabriel_and_Christian_Dogma_of_Resurrection_can_be_Explained_by_the_Metonic_Cycle?auto=download
listverse.com/2017/08/16/10-reasons-the-story-of-jesus-might-be-an-allegory-for-the-sun/
www.solarmythology.com/
nehandaradio.com/2016/06/30/jesus-christ-mythical-allegorical-figure-never-lived-earth/
www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/faq/astronomical-questions/what-are-the-metonic-and-callipic-cycles
www.express.co.uk/news/science/679415/Mysterious-2-000-year-old-computer-was-used-by-Ancient-Greeks-to-predict-future
www.recoveredscience.com/Phaistosebook04.htm
www.mesoamericancalendarstudies.com/mayan-count.html
www.mythicalireland.com/astronomy/metonic-cycle-the-19-year-cycle-of-the-moon/
www.academia.edu/16144530/The_Mesoamerican_6_940_Day_Cycle_Reconsidered
www.goldennumber.net/phi-pi-great-pyramid-egypt/
www.patheos.com/blogs/tippling/2016/07/13/samson-as-a-solar-myth/
www.deseret.com/1992/12/24/19023237/was-star-of-bethlehem-a-conjunction-of-planets
adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1937JRASC..31..417B
uofgts.com/Magi.html
The upcoming great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn will be December 21, 2020. It'll be their closest conjunction since 1623.
www.astrologyuniversity.com/resources-for-jupiter-saturn/
www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/science/physics/ophiuchus-the-13th-sign-of-the-zodiac/
medium.com/illumination/why-i-am-inspired-by-thoth-the-ancient-egypian-god-of-the-moon-and-of-writing-d2ec6029b2e2
luciferschurch.wordpress.com/abraxas/
@12:13 - There are the multiple examples of child sacrifice in the bible to support the concept of the Canaanites/Phoenicians who were the original settlers of Carthage, and whichever associated group became the Israelites, all practicing child sacrifice. Unfortunately due to Christian culture being afraid to look directly at the forms of human sacrifice incorporated into the origins of Judaism and Christianity, these traditional signs of human and especially child sacrifice are often blatantly ignored.
On a video on an ancient religion,
UA-cam comments: Oh my god! This is so cool and fascinating!
On a video on modern religion,
UA-cam comments: Hurr durr religion bad
I'm an agnostic and I still find this annoying
Agree.
The language seems a bit harsh, though.
I guess much of what we know is past 500 years since it was anything like it is now. Holy bible used is 1600s, Islam not too long ago either, Judaism is over 5k years old though.
Probably because no one believes in ancient religions anymore, so it doesn't affect anyone's lives today.
@@kojayeoja
Ancient religions led to the creation of all modern religions. They were just as "immoral" or "barbaric", if not worse, than the religions of today and influence the modern world just as much as any other, be it positive or negative.
@@RexGalilae Yes of course modern religions were based on/influenced by older religions, but I don't think the average person realizes that. They might see a separation between a 'dead' religion and a 'live' one. Usually things that are long gone are seen in a more romantic light, but of course if we were there it wouldn't seem any more amazing than our current lives.
While there probably isn’t much description of religious practices outside of human sacrifice, the Old Testament May shine some light on the worship of Baal.
In Kings there's a passage implying that Heracles and Ba'al were the same gods.
is magellan compatible with pirate bay?
the effort u put in these videos is amazing
Something we now know for sure is that the Roman claims of child sacrifice weren't just slander.
Yeah, the refusal of some to believe it as true is odd. It goes back to Phoenecian and Canaanite religion. Moloch seemed to be one of the old names for the same deity as Baal Hammon (both were their people's chief god, were horned, and associated with fire) and just like the Romans, Bronze Age Jews mention child sacrifices taking place to these equivalent gods. And archaeological evidence from both the Bronze Age Levant and Classical Era Carthage supports the claims.
@@BroadwayRonMexico Moloch eventually became Heracles in Greece/Rome. They mocked the journeys of Heracles in Kings of the Old Testament
@@jeffslote9671 straight up false, entirely separate deitys with different origins
I think it's highly probable they simply had a very sincere and ritualistic means of disposing still born and other children who died within a few years of their lives...which surely happened more frequently in their times...www.livescience.com/23298-carthage-graveyard-not-child-sacrifice.html
also, don't forget the Spartans were known for killing their children if they did not have the proper physical characteristics.
Great video my man! I wonder if you might ever cover Ancient Civilisations of South Asia? For example, Strabo writes that Sri Lankan elephants were favoured by some Greeks for their temperament which was suitable to war. It would be cool to see how East, Near East and West intermingled!
Temple practices: I know later Rome had the official vestal "virgins"(sometimes not so), but earlier Tyre had official temple prostitutes/priestess. (Jezebel was a priestess, and is possibly a reason the Jewish prophets criticized. )
Any evidence which way Carthage went?
Temples in Tyre sound like a fun place
Nova stone source - Dido, queen of Tyre flees...founding Carthage. 814 bce
Her grandfather is a brother of Jezebel.
As a follower of the norse and greek pantheon i found this video about a less wellknown pantheon very interesting
To think that El persists today as the God of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Amazing. El became a singular deity of the tribe of the Hebrews when they broke up from their mainline Canaanite forebears. It's seen in their linguistic legacy. Besides actually being called both El and Elohim in the Tanakh, you can see it in various names. Israel, Gabriel, Raphael, Michael, Elijah, Ariel, Daniel etc. etc.
thats a bit silly
I think you are confusing linguistics with theology. The Hebrews used the same word to describe their deity: El, which simply meant god (specifically, chief god). But the God of the Hebrews, who is worshipped in various permutations by the Abrahamic faiths today, bears very little substantive resemblance to the El of the Phoenicians. It is akin to claiming that Franciscans and Shaolins share a common root, just because they are both called monks.
@@boosterh1113 Except, darling, the Franciscans and the shaolins don't share a cultural nor linguistic background. The chinese word for monk is seng. It has no bearing on this issue at all. Archaeolgists however, have traced the origin of Yahweh from Hebrew's polytheistic era back to El. Religion evolves over time. El was once part of a pantheon, but as the Israelites split off they took him with them, shifting it into Yahweh.
@@boosterh1113
"Between the 10th century and the beginning of their exile in 586 [BCE] there was polytheism as normal religion all throughout Israel; only afterwards things begin to change and very slowly they begin to change. I would say it [the sentence "Jews were monotheists" - n.n.] is only correct for the last centuries, maybe only from the period of the Maccabees...."~Professor Herbert Niehr, ThD.
@@boosterh1113 "It seems almost certain that the God of the Jews evolved gradually from the Canaanite El, who was in all likelihood the "God of Abraham"... If El was the high God of Abraham-Elohim, the prototype of Yahveh-Asherah was his wife, and there are archaeological indications that she was perceived as such before she was in effect "divorced" in the context of emerging Judaism of the 7th century BCE."~Leeming, David (2005). The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 118.
New to this channel but looking forward to more history episodes of this sort.
Wish I could read subtitles, even if automatic, in this video. I understand most of what is said, but not all of it, since I'm not a native English speaker.
"The first one to mention is the god...RAID SHADOW LEGENDS". got to love a perfectly placed ad.
When I was a very young child, I saw an animated film about an Old Testament story. I don't remember much except that the "evil heathens" worshiped "Baal". This is obviously a much better exposure to the Punic religion.
אחאב
@A. Ceniza eliyahu? god lit it up to prove his dominance, and then eliyahu killed 400 prophets of Ba'al
Thanks to my early Christian influences I always associated ba'al with Satan
@@cv4809 Then you find out it just means Lord hah
@@cv4809 same , i grew up thinking every other god who is not the christian god, as satan or demons
I got excited when I saw that there was a video about Carthaginian religion, which I've never even thought to examine, and not only did this video NOT DISAPPOINT me, it was totally awesome!
La merveilleuse Tunisie!
WOOOOOOOOOOO!
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❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
👍👍👍👍👍
Waiting for such a video for so long! Good job.
Who else cant sleep
I slept all day. So won’t be sleeping tonight.
I never sleep
I should go to bed
Where you at? I can punch you to sleep.
Me but I work at night so...
Richard Miles book 'Carthage Must Be Destroyed' is essential. He also did a tv show on channel4 as well when the book came out....For once a review of Carthage without the Roman hatchet job....What would the world have been like under Carthage and not the predominant Roman Empire in the North and West? Hannibal is my favourite figure in history...what a man to have a pie and a pint with.
Child sacrifice was not something of a 'last resort'. It was regarded in that day that offering your eldest son was the highest form of praise and offer you could give to the gods. The Greeks praised this tradition too. And the Romans may have been biased, but they also praised their enemies on many accounts. So their records are not automatically propaganda.
Really interesting stuff. The typo at 9:46 made me realize you're human too.
Will you ever do more battle content? I love this history for sure, but I was brought in by the massive battles. I checked your battle channel and it hasnt had anything since September 2019
Carthage is the site of the great Necropolis. The primary religious practice of the carthaginians was basically Necromancy. Ancesestor Worship. But yes the drama of the gods was also in place. It's something like the same song with different lyrics.
0:20 This mosaic map looks really cool, and perfect for the period. How did you make it?
Excellent video and animation. Thank you for this!
The primary sources that talk about human sacrifice are later Roman authors such as Livy, whose history is essentially a few hundred lines of Hannibal hate mail. His history on the second Punic War is the ancient world's equivalent of racism, but it doesn't come anywhere near Silius italicus' ridiculous epic.
And I think I saw in another documentary that they didn't bury babies in their usual cemeteries? So either their babies didn't die (what culture has ever been so lucky?), or they were burying the babies (who died naturally) in a special temple. No reason to believe they killed them.
@@iloveprivacy8167 i dont know anything about that so i can't speak about it
@@iloveprivacy8167 I believe I know what you're talking about. They have reason to believe that all children that died prematurely would be buried in tophets so the idea that they ritually sacrificed children daily like the Mesoamericans is unlikely.
We have records that there WERE child sacrifices but only in emergencies and it was similar in scale to what Rome did at the time.
@HanselManCan There is some, but it definitely wasn't practiced nearly as much as the Romans said it was.
@@iloveprivacy8167 Yes I believe this too, cremation of dead children from natural causes, as we know roman families would not even meet their boy sons until they had grown older(elite roman families) as the high death rate is well known.
prob ,so they did not get, emotional attached to children, as they would more likely die when young
Watching this for class but very interesting. Thank you for uploading it! 🙂
It is amazing to see how the carthaginian language is just similar to hebrew. Rab cohanim exactly means the master of the priests in ancient hebrew. That's how you see that hebrews, other canaaneans and carthaginians were just part of one big culture group
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Carthaginian was close to Aramaic and Arabic and probably Berber language. Aramaic is older than Hebrew and was replaced predominatly by Arabic.
@@bintzohra4028 wow really? I didnt know that
Such a fascinating video, thanks for making this. Really gives context. I wonder how religion interchanged with that of Rome at the time given their situation.
Any thought on the infanticide being more a ritualistic population control/ spartan like strength preserver rather than a human sacrifice?
Please do more of these. I am so done learning about Rome and Greece.
I always wondered if Ba'al-Hammon had some link to Egyptian Amun. They have similar sounding names. And Tanit being presented as a lion-headed war goddess, can also point to the link. It is not impossible, considering that Egypt had been a cultural superpower and a cradle of civilization for over 2000 years by the time of the rise of Carthage. Whether the Egyptian pantheon influenced them via the peoples and trade routes of North Africa, or indirectly by influencing the development of the Phoenicians themselves, who are in turn the progenitors of Carthage.
Interestingly, in nearby Libya, the Greek colonies of Cyrene worshiped a syncretized chief god Zeus-Ammon. So maybe the word Ammon-Hammon just became a synonym or title for the chief god throughout North Africa by the first millennium b.c. . Just a theory, tho :)
Ammon is a berber deity that was adopted by the egyptians
@@lordaragorn001 Exactly what I was thinking. Well, sort of YES, but also ...the Egyptian Amun is definitely a god from Thebes, that became associated with the Berber deity with similar characteristics ( chief deity, rams horns, fertility.. ) that later took on its name, or had a similar name. And the Berbers are the people of Northern Africa, that might point to the link with Ba'al Hammon. At the very least the name might have a similar origin, it being carried down through the centuries.
Thanks for the credit bro
El probaby related to Elohim or Allah of the semites today(jews and arabs)
El is still the Hebrew word for G-d.
To quote a famous Nice Jewish Boy™: “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?”
@@Gorboduc "My lord why have you forsaken me" right? (Jesus)
@@shmuelp4504 And Elohim is the pleural of El, even the Hebrews had multiple gods at some point.
Elohay is Hebrew for Divine
So a wierd thought. In the Bible, Ba'al was worshiped by the Canaanites as a fertility deity. Is there some way that the Canaanites were mixed in with the phoenicians when they moved to the area that would later be Carthage? I mean, in the map he showed, that's pretty close to the land of Canaan (where Jerusalem is now) so maybe the phoenicians are semi-canaanite and worshiped Baal (the fertility deity) and their religion eventually came to have many Baals!
Carthaginians are Phoenician and they are cannanites from the Levant the same cannanites mentioned in the Bible
Im a pagan who worships Ba'al Hammon and Tanit so its not entirely gone
Salama Shalami Carthage brother.
Wooah, do you have a separate church for paganism? Give me details. Its really interesting since its not everyday u meet a pagan nowadays
@@sacredband7089 church is a Christian thing I have God Willed Holy Divine Temple. Theres a big difference
@@sacredband7089 Im a collective Pagan, I chose to worship Ba'al Hammon and Tanit
@@Glenssuos I stick to Arabian Divinities Al UZZA and SHAMSA to name a few.
Very good introduction and inroads. Thanks! I just subscribed and am eager to watch more.
#rebuildcarthage
AND I FURTHER BELIEVE CARTHEGO DELENDA EST
Very very intresting and familiar to Hebrew speaker El just general word to mean "God" in Hebrew, Ba'al means "owner"(of land/property)or "Husband" as in marriage,Hamon means(people/masses), Shemesh literally means Sun not related to God so familiar yet so different.
The homogenizing of religion among the 3 Abrahamic religions has deprived the world of so much rich diversity and culture.
Your right, the world needs more child sacrifices. More blood for the Blood God!
culture and religion are two different things, idiot.
@@AlphaSections Did you listen to the video? We don't even know certainly whether children were sacrificed and if some were, why. If they were disabled the Carthaginians would've done what everybody else did at that time, if they were already dead, why care? We just don't know and could take later Roman propaganda with a pile of salt.
Most European pantheons were practically equivalent, with the main difference being the names for the gods
That aside, it's just evolution, get over it
@Jonathan Williams even adherents of the same pantheon often had vastly different 'rankings' for the same set of Gods, Romans have a large number of examples
Hey when is part 2 of evolution of the Roman Legions coming? it been 4 years now and you said you will most definitely be finishing it