Yeah rewriting the past does seem to be a common hobby of a lot of politicians, particularly their own views and narrative, I doubt it's particular unique to them though, just more scrutinized by others.
It's tricky for the future to affect the present, but expectations of the future affect the present all the time. For example, if you are saving money, you are expecting that you will not die tomorrow.
Actually present does not exist. It is a subjective construct that we use to name a combination of situations and processes in our lives that are currently controlling our thoughts.
Dude, literally right before I clicked on this video I was speculating how Fate/Stay-Night's interpretation of the "Gae-Bolg" spear, a spear that reverses causality ("the heart is pierced, so the spear must have been thrust" instead of "the spear is thrust, the heart is pierced) would interact with various characters lol.
This episode is so good, it made me watch the show for the last 8 years! ...well, there will also be that amazing "interdimensional periscopes" episode in 2030, which will still be keeping me watching until then.
Huh, I've never thought of it that way but it make sense, people are usually trying to write a biography as a story leading to the known end, so the bits included would tend to point there. I know form my own weekly journal that I tend to dwell a lot more on what's currently on my mind and that when I listen to ones form some years back, it tends to feel rather secondary and irrelevant
Boy I was expecting a much more noticeable speech challenge. If I hadn't been listening to you for many years; I wouldn't have known you had one. Even before any therapy at all I didn't think much about it. Now, if not mentioned by yourself, I'd have forgotten you ever had an issue. Keep up the awesome videos!
It is more noticeable when I'm speaking live and excited, you can notice way more in episode zero, which is also unscripted. These day the AI, even without training to me, can transcribe all but the worst or most obscure words I say.
Isaac, this is exactly the show I look forward to twice every week… I can’t believe you haven’t been scooped up by a larger outlet to do what Michio Kaku or the other guy do- explain this stuff to layman audience. Or at least publish a book; you have a built in customer base through this show! That being said, your current operation has evolved into a robust one! Cheers!
As Joey would say “Your point is moo.” We live in a block universe where everything has already happened. If time travel was possible it would create havoc for the patent office
When I watched my first Isaac Arthur video, it was recommended to me by a friend that isn't really that into sci-fi stuff but she knew I was. I watched a video and went back to her and said "Yeah I liked it. The impediment takes a little getting used to though" and she looked at me and said "Oh? I found it soothing 🤷" And idk what wizard Jedi voodoo magic she cast on me, but ever since then, your voice and cadence have been one of the most relaxing things in my life. Sometimes if you release a video I know I'm not gonna care about that much, I'll still put it on just to listen to you talk. Not only that, but it makes you easily discernable from others as well. Friend, you might be doing the one single job that actually turns your curse into a blessing.
Interesting timing. Just had the worst nightmare where I played a game in VR and eventually found a note I had written to myself but couldn't possibly have written, something that resulted in a panic attack so strong that I was actually screaming as I woke up. Have no idea why that would cause such a reaction, don't think I would have responded like that in real life, but in the dream it was terrifying. And I remember believing in the dream that the note must have come from the future. All the note said was "Join us. CRISPR. And my signature".
It actually probably helps people pay attention better due to a phycolgical phenomenon called "the justification of effort." It's similar to the Ikea effect, but larger.
I was writing a book with a time travel paradox in it, and I couldn't figure out how to resolve it. You made this documentary just after I had the thought of making it retroactive, so perfectly done Issac! You're always amazing to listen to!
Just don't ever never mess with time travel, it always gets weird. Unless someone else invents a time machine, then you have to go back in time and make sure they don't invent it...
Finally I see someone else acknowledging how changes would occur at the quantum level during time travel! I've had this same idea lately and it occurred to me how strange it is that it's not discussed often in time travel discourse (similar to how accounting for the movement of cosmic bodies wasn't considered in pop culture discourse until recently)
1. Both general relativity and quantum field theory are time-reversible (CPT symmetry). 2. Some paradoxes can be described using pseudo-time (Turing machine progress) possibly being different from time (spacetime coordinate). 3. Butterfy effect is in theory also time-reversible, but I bet second law of thermodynamics can be reformulated as "living systems are not chaotic when computing past". 4. That is as close I can get to scientifically confirm it is easier to manipulate future than the past (e.g. causes precede effects). 5. Do not create time machines! Somehing will arrive as soon as possible, and you cannot know if it is going to be Skynet, grey goo, or a piece of inflatory universe.
I think the idea of travelling through wormholes/ dimensions etc, doesnt take the fact that all "particles" arent seperate. They are a part of an already wavefunction of the universe. They are created by the interaction of their fields. So if you jumped outside this universe, ( where the fields arent ) you would instantly cease to exist. Ir if you went through a wormhole, you are trying to take the fields interactions ( your particles ) from one universe time-segment into a time that is already -packed with its own field interactions. Its already a complete universe. Its like trying to take a drawing off the paper its drawn on.
The table is an interesting analogy... in a way it highlights the possibility for the Butterfly effect to -at times- be irrelevant, and at others cause massive changes. If the carpenter makes a table in 10 steps over 10 days, the ORDER itself may be irrelevant (same overall effort / time / tools) as long as the 'cannon event' completes. Whereas if his neighbor did 1 step, that could get the carpenter out of the house 1 day earlier, when he got hit by a car that swerved onto his shop sidewalk, which had no effect on the original sequence when he was inside running his table saw & didn't event hear the tires skid. I'm not a physicist, but maybe this is why 'time' seems 'weird' in places like quantum - maybe its the result of 'insignificant differentiation' at the scale viewed from. As a sloppy short hand 'not all things matter to all things', a cross somewhere around 'if a butterfly flaps its wings in the woods and nobody feels it, did it matter' lol
one theory for retrocausality: heisenbergian uncertainties has both location ans speed in it. for location to make sense, it has to include a point in time. for speed to make sense, it has to include a direction. and speed being time realated, and a spacetime coordinate having time as a dimension, heisenbergian uncertainty necessarily includes temporal uncertainty. so any observation may trigger a time skip or backwards time travel in the uncertainty principle range. so, technicaly not comfirmable, as its in theuncertainty range, by itself. but a chain of retrocausal interactions could butterfly into statisticaly significant pre-reactions. the uncartainty caused skip agead and reverse timejump of cause and effect on larger scales usualy averages out into a kind of fuzzy now. its why "now" has a lenght, instead of being infinetly short. it gets blurred into the past and future. sometimes it grabs data from forward or forwards old data.
Living in a universe without one way causality could end up feeling very surreal and dreamlike as from your perspective very unlikely events end up having to happen to ensure the future remains as it should be at a certain point like the harder you stretch it away from there the more it turns out the universe you're in is one that tugs right back
The thing about going through a wormhole causing you to intersect your own timeline and annihilate has the same energy as going through a wormhole that's smaller than you and colliding with yourself in space. (in fact, is that the same effect?)
Speaking of time travel, I just watched Gardens of the Moon thanks to the Nebula time travel app Awesome renderings. They are the kind of renderings I dreamed of during your early episodes. If I do manage to semi-retire in the next few years, I hope I can learn to do more than just fiddle around in Blender and Fusion 360, and maybe I can make some contribution worthy of an SFIA episode. Bryan Versteeg is my 3d hero!
He's an awesome guy, we'd corresponded a lot over the years but I only met him in person back this May and besides being fun to talk to, his knowledge and passion for space is top notch. Should you ever do any animating you think would be good for the show, just shoot me an email at isaac.arthur.utube@gmail.com, we always need more :)
Like how the movie "Primers" deal with rertocausality - being a person just falls unconscious for some mystical reasons. It beat's the fade from existence that was present in the final episode of Samuri Jack's and Ashi wedding. The moment still makes me really sad. :(
I watched the final season of Samurai Jack for the first time last week and I'm troubled by it. If Ashi from the future couldn't exist in the past because Aku was killed before she was born, then she wouldn't be able to open the time portal for Jack to kill Aku and this is how we end with a time paradox... Unless The timeline correction mechanism which erases Ashi works with a time delay as we see by giving time to some events to unfold (Jack kills Aku), but then it finally starts to sort out things and Ashi is erased. What I think should happen is that Jack should be erased as well since he can't exist anymore in the new past without her while Aku should stay dead as he does since he was killed in the new past.
My favourite "creation" theory I've read in a sci fi short story is that future humans or some other advanced alien species will do something that will be the cause of the Big Bang that created our universe.
Issac Asimov did the story where humans keep asking the same question of the biggest computer that exists. First a world spanning one. then a solar system one. A galaxy wide one and lastly a universe spanning one where the computer physically exists in hyperspace. It ponders the issue of what is the nature of the Universe, how it came to exist and can the end of the universe be prevented. It never figured out those answers before the universe ended but it had survived the end of the universe being in hyperspace. It did after an unknown length of non time solve the problem. It figured out how to create the universe. "Let There Be Light!"
A philosopher (I won't name him) argued that the purpose of human existence is the release of bound energy. And the final act of energy release is the Big Bang.
when your dealing with those HUGE wavelength photons, I wonder what they look like, when the photon hits in a direction perpendicular to its wavelength.
Naw, you're coming at this too materialistically, as if nature behaves like a machine, instead of behaving like ever-changing category-defying nature. I don't know the specifics of how it all works, but I started talking to an entity from somewhere else, and one of the main ways she communicates is time manipulation. As you point out, altering the physical world is difficult. But how about, putting a random thought in my head, and then an hour later, the conversation I'm having with a friend naturally turns to that topic. Like, 'Look at this card. Now I'll shuffle the deck, and here it is!" I've been having those little reverse-causality moments for months now (among other playful weirdness). Another of her tricks is to have things end at exactly the right moment. Like if I'm coming home from a walk, and the last beat of the song I'm listening to comes as I slide my key in the front door. *If you wanted to accomplish time travel, the interior of a mind is where you can get away with it.* Because there's no physical objects to manipulate. You just wait for something to be referenced, dip back in time a little, browse through your mark's memories, and call attention to that thing that's about to be brought up. You can see when a song will end, and delay your mark juuuust enough to time the ending perfectly to something he's doing, like in a movie soundtrack. Or how about, giving me ideas for short stories decades ago that would hint- like a parable- at events that would happen in my present. A riddle that takes ten years to get all the pieces to make it make sense, but then it makes sense perfectly. (Like the movie Paycheck.) If there's a time police, she's a genius at avoiding them. My guess is that, all moments in time exist. The future is as real as the past. As in, not as real as the present, more vague, and alterable. Maybe time is as self-correcting as how your body heals from a wound, or a forest returns after a fire. As if it's a part of nature too, and not something separate. I envision time as a floating sphere with photos of all your memories on the outside of it. You're in a gondola, rotating around the sphere on a linear path. You can only see one memory at a time. But All Of Them Exist, just out of your sight. And in dreams sometimes, we see little swatches of things we'll see later. Someone who can see outside of your little gondola would be able to peek ahead and give you a heads up. So, is there free will or isn't there? The answer to almost every big either/or question is "both". I think that, somehow, when each life comes into existence, it carves a path it will follow. This is like the first draft of a story. Some stories follow the first draft very closely. Others differ quite a bit. But it's still the same foundation of a story. I think that, when we're born, the 'first draft' of our whole lives is 'procedurally-generated'. Maybe the cosmic algorithm takes our basic personality and averages out the most likely series of events we'll live through. But of course, we're living in an MMORPG with 9 billion other players (far more if you count the animals. Or plants. Or cells!) Even in a structured game, there will be unforeseeable events with that many players interacting. So, maybe we're born onto an airport walkway, constantly pulling us along in a set, stable path. But if we want to, we could choose to stop, run, turn back, sit down, or jump over the rails. I don't think there's much value in discussing the world and the cosmos as if we already know how everything works. That's like NPCs inside a game treating the in-game mechanics as the only physics there are or could ever be. And people who talk about a 'computer' or a 'user' are just crackpots.
7:30 Me when a sci-fi show talks about a butterfly effect but functionally everything from historical events to characters who were born after the history altering event have moderate alteration to their appearance and aesthetic as oppsed to being written from the ground up to be a different timline with different people: 🤦🏾♂️ But for reaI I _do_ often enjoy how you specify problems with sci-fi. It helps me in both understanding science *_and_* making better world-building, and it grounds the general "cringe" I feel when I see someone fictional or referencing fiction around said things. The butterfly effect being one of the _worse_ examples... 😅
if it was up to me , every time star trek / dr who go back in time and do Anything, I want the return to the present to have minor differences - and to cause a mild panic in the travellers
Multidimensional time always made more sense to me than a multiverse. The concept of a multiverse is just our way of explaining additional dimensions of time that we cannot see nor directly experience, inside of our own, single universe. Technically, we see and can move through time in zero dimensions, a dot. There is the now, nothing else, for our limited perception at this stage in our development. But we can imagine a line, one dimension, of past and future, and while we cannot physically go there, nor experience it directly with our instruments, we can use our math to calculate and extrapolate with it. Technically, we see the past, when we look at the cosmos, but this isn't precisely true; it's just our "now", our dot of time, a snapshot framed by the universe having a maximum speed of causality. And yes, our dot moves through time, taking us with it, relativistically compared to other dots, but it is always "now" for us. We cannot, at will, step into before or after, although we can imagine it, draw it, film it, calculate with it, etc. All the other possibilities of alternate time or timelines, what-if this, what-if that, are just the infinite points on other dimensions of time that are much harder for us to imagine easily, much as going above three physical dimensions is also much harder for us to see, although we can compute and imagine these concepts to a limited extent. Increasing dimensions much beyond the three of space, and one of time, rapidly becomes harder for us to visualize or imagine or compute.
Yep, basically there's N dimensions of Space and M dimensions of Time. Imagine if someone figured out equations that could handle that mess consistently and sanely. O_o
@christopherrogers532 A computer that could do that would be insanely powerful. Believe it or not your brain can do it, you are seeing/experiencing time as more than a single linear dimension when you take tryptamine based psychedellics. Now being able to translate it into math is a whole different ball game, but being able to do this would allow all kinds of supernatural abilities to manifest. 🤔
I think it’s interesting you used a Feynman diagram. I believe one of the key insights is that it doesn’t matter how many self interactions took place between to events if the initial and final results are the same. Likewise I don’t think that the butterfly effect always results in more divergent timelines, but may actually have some convergence. Weird as it may sound, a moment in time can have many possible future, but it may also have many possible pasts that converge to the same state.
@@XD152awesomeness From the perspective of an observer the convergences might be a distinction without a difference. What does it really matter if a retro causality event allows for a molecule of water to be on the East Coast shores of the Continental USA. Instead of it being in the Euphrates River in the Middle East?
You can send patterns of energy backwards in time and use it to alter a timeline either by transmitting information or using energy to rearrange matter at the specific target point. As time is composed of several dimensions what happens is the time strean changes into two; the original and altered timeline. However the time traveller is destroyed but the pattern isnt and even if you do the never born paradox you still exist in the new time stream as an independant quantum object that originated from the previous unalterd time stream. Overuse of time travel tech can cause chaos as each branch of the time stream increases entropy. It eventually reaches a point that causes the system to collapse in a way similar to a crash due to a 1+ theta error in a computer ❤
There was a recent that could have some weight for this episode where it was proven that photons while getting the shortest path through space, they may also take the Shekhar path through time. Still trying to wrap my head around it. That has some implications that would've fit here I believe. Maybe in another episode
I have a really bad problem with stuttering, and if I'm not listening to music or something else like that, I will absolutely stutter. It gets significantly worse if I'm talking to someone and I am very emotional or if someone interrupts me. Don't worry about your speech problems they are absolutely not bad and I actually like the sound of your voice.
My slight issue with the butterfly effect is that systems behave as a unit and don't vary much in result. One door produced on an assembly line works almost exactly like the door made prior to it, because although the atoms are different, there are emergent properties which arise from being configured into a door. Although we think of a door as a very simple object, it's actually filled with self regulating systems which ensure it doesn't randomly explode or transform into a chicken just because one atom is having an existential crisis. Likewise taking slightly more energy to close your door in the morning isn't going to change your life trajectory. The butterfly effect likely exists but is overstated imo. But time traveling and replacing one door on an assembly line probably won't result in much change 100 years down the line, and replacing one Einstein with a sufficiently similar clone will probably still result in him serving the same purpose. They're fungible.
@asahearts1 What it _would_ likely affect, however, is conception. As even a conceptually miniscule change in conditions of conception could be the difference between you being born and the equivalent of a sibling of yours being born instead. This _can_ be insignificant to start with, but would nigh-inevitably snowball into a myriad of different decisions being made by this slightly different person. Meaning that a single change to your family line would likely mean that no one further down said line than their children would be *_remotely_* identical, even though they would have the same name and probably even parents.
That seems reasonable - however, you have no way of differentiating these ahead of time. Maybe if the factory produces one door less, someone chooses not to invest because they drew an arbitrary line... Exchanging an apple with an orange doesn't matter until someone is allergic. So, while singular small changes _probably_ don't matter, there's bound to be quite a lot of them in magical time travel, and some of them could very well be relevant
@@ivoryas1696 I'm basically like a very close sibling to the person I was a moment ago. If you traveled back in time and moved one atom of my body, I wouldn't be the same person, but a very close sibling. Likewise, slightly changing all the atoms in my parent's door the day they conceived me would cause changes which would make me a close sibling... but functionally it still wouldn't matter. Maybe hundreds or thousands of years down the line, yeah, but some examples he mentioned in the video, like photons from observing the past leading to an uptick on photosynthesis, those seem really unlikely to have any effect we would consider to be notable, at least for thousands of years. Of course I have no way of testing this. Opinions for or against the butterfly effect, or to what extent it matters, are currently unfalsifiable. Edit: Just reread and realized you meant different genetics. sry. I need to stop commenting before having coffee -_-
@@EliasMheart Yeah we might never have a way of measuring or determining the falsifiability of these things. I would figure there would be some kind of threshold in most effects, though. Like if a door hinge takes slightly more effort to close, it's unlikely to functionally change much. But if it eventually warrants a replacement, then yeah that would change more. It also seems obvious that going back in time and changing a door hing would also have a greater effect than changing an atom in a piece of wood used in lath and plaster construction of a house's wall. Barring getting struck by lightning or something, That piece of wood isn't going to have any particular effect on events, so long as it serves its function of... being a piece of wood in a wall. Overall, what I'm saying is changing a part of a part of a part of a part of a car isn't going to have a drastic effect on its performance in a reasonable length of time, but I can't prove it to you. It just seems intuitive that something which serves the same function will perform similarly until some tipping point, and then it might make a very tiny difference, but the cascading effect is overblown. Even if that car part fails, it **might** cause someone to lose their job due to being late, but if they're getting fired over being late for work one time due to a car part, they were probably on that trajectory anyway, so did it really change anything?
@@asahearts1 TL;DR Yes, I actually agreed with your comments point that people overestimate stochasticitys ability to fight natures methods of stabilization. For instance, it doesn't make sense that the flap of a butterflies wings would or even _could _*_reasonably_** cause* a hurricane anywhere, *_let alone_* thousands of miles away, as even the sun heating the ground and causing a random updraft would have a higher affect on the weather than that, lol. 🙄 Earth's climate _is _*_extremely_* hard to affect even with things as powerful as nukes (with any one even, that is. In case I started looking sus 😅), so the chances a butterfly is consequential to a tropical storm is so small it's probably never happened and never will. My point was that decision-making and biological stochasticity are often *_underestimated_* if anything, as such things (specifically or at least mostly involving changes in decisions made by intelligent agents) more directly and causally affect others in their decisions and outcomes. I mean... I _do_ see your point, but considering even twins (identical or otherwise) sometimes make different enough decisions in their lives to have different career goals, S.Os, and sometimes even hobbies, I _still_ hold the position that there's no _reasonable_ likelihood any more than the children (of the individuals who experienced the change) would be meaningfully identical to their original timeline counterparts. A thousand or even a hundred years seems _kinda_ optimistic, especially considering how fast things move nowadays, and how many people could decide to react to things given their specific inclinations. There are *_far_* simpler systems that are affected by chaos theory in sufficient volume to be made to similarly different extents from similarly small differences. So many different circumstances that they're almost fundamentally unsolvable without constraints. I don't see how something as long lasting as the timespan and complexity of a persons life from birth to bride/groom, would be stable enough to be comparable even if the change was small (given it was early and formative enough, which would apply to _anyone_ born after it happened who was with range of the effected). For instance, those sudden memories that bubble up for seemingly no reason but random or because someone you just _barely_ decided to tag along with accidentally reminded you of. That video that sends you down a rabbit-hole because you happened to have searched up enough of something for an algorithm to have been recommended the topic. That friend you make because he accidentally chose cello instead of a bass to play in orchestra. It can be *_really_* hard to forget how inevitable our current societal timeline *isn't* (scientifically, anyway), but when you toss that notion aside, it can be fairly easy to see how easily throwing in a wrench can mix things up. Many of these changes are ultimately interchangeable, and I'm sorry for having gone on so long but it's *_really_* difficult to communicate how unlikely it becomes down the line that interchangeability is _likely, _*_much less_* functionally untouched without math I'm not equipped to portray accurately... 😶
You were never difficult to listen to by any means. But if you listen to an older video abd a modern one, you can certainly hear the difference that's come from the work youve put in. Hopefully you cab start to feel kess self conscious as time goes on.
Ahh, this! A favorite! ❤ I first heard of this concept from Ben Yahtzee Croshaw's "Chzo Mythos" adventure games, where one of the final installments has it as a major plot point
Retro-causality only presents issues with certain theories of Time. If one is stuck on the idea that Time "moves" then anything that isn't linear, unidirectional causality is either weird or impossible. However, if, instead, Time is a coordinate plane, like length, depth, and width, then what we might consider non-standard models of causality not only become feasible but expected. Time as a coordinate plane that we "move through" (more like our consciousness rides along the thread of our individual existence through the plane) is called Eternalism in philosophy. There are three main theories (not the scientific variety) of Time in philosophy: Eternalism, which I've just described, Presentism, which posits that there is only Now and the past and the future no longer exist (but they did exist when they were the Now of their moment), and Growing Block theory, which is Presentism but adds a past which is created like the wake of a boat as the present continually comes into and then passes out of being the Now. Confusing, ain't it? (I don't know of any philosopher who takes Growing Block seriously, besides the one that thought it up.) I tend to favor Eternalism, myself, although I'm in the minority because the theory shoots the notion of Free Will in the head and leaves it discarded in a half-rolled-up carpet near the side of a lonely access road on the wrong side of the tracks. Anyway, thanks for the video. (I watched it first on Nebula, btw.)
This is a fascinating subject. Charles Stross wrote two space opera novels that deal with this subject, which he called the ‘Eschaton’ series, probably intending to write more but instead finding success with the Laundry Files. The books are called Singularity Sky and Iron Sunrise, and they feature retro causality as a forbidden weapon of war!
Stross regards the Eschaton universe as incorrigibly broken. Unfortunately, youtube often eats my comments that contain links, so I'll cut-and-paste a big quotation from Stross that you could search out: "The events of IS [_Iron Sunrise_] are set in the foreground of such a war between time-travellers, and I think I got some of the details badly wrong - at the level of how the events would appear from within. Want to see that kind of conflict done right? Read _Palimpsest_ (in my collection "Wireless") - in which I revisit time travel with fifteen years' more thought. Having broken the Eschaton universe, there's no way to go forward (which is why any future space opera you see from me will feature a new setting - I have plans)."
@@entreprenerd1963interesting. I’d love to know what exactly were the details of time traveling war that he feels he got wrong. I also loved the diversity of the settled planets and the teacup spaceship and the aliens who traded cornucopia machines for stories… I enjoyed both books more than once.
I don't think you really argued properly for the butterfly affect, given some of the contexts you assume or mused about. Just what IS going to change if I do or don't flick a photon or even an electron off the side from where it would originally go. Also, the butterfly->hurricane thing is not meant literally, just like that most defiantly living or dead at any given time cat.
That photon could strike an object minutely pushing it. This slightly alters the momentum of the earth. Such a small shift would be unnoticeable but the difference between where the earth is and where it would've been gradually grows as the earth orbits the Sun. Eventually the difference in position could cause the Earth to be on a collision course with an extinction-level asteroid that it wouldn't have been otherwise.
I am not a native english speaker so even when your speech impediment was more noticeable a couple of years ago i just thought you were polish or somethin so you really blew my mind when you mentioned it a couple of years sgo
I think a past chance would need to be above an effective threshold for temporal noise to have a butterfly effect on the present. The universe seems to have it's own type of error bar or everything would be exactly predicable, so a change would need to exceed that...?
Interestingly...I have for a couple years been working on a complete design for a detector which does not require time-travel, but causes the instantiation of a Temporal-Entanglement string. The string does not extend beyond the present moment or into the future, but relies on an advanced method of interacting with Branchial Space. The method of interaction involves measuring branchial space at the present moment, in order to identify a high-confidence direction of success parameters according to current quantum influences. The Temporal-Entanglement string is initiated in present moment by the detector, and flows with present time from that initiation moment with the expectation that it will connect to it's end-moment upon arrival at that future. The thing is.. Temporal Entanglement can occur between the present and a future which has not occurred yet, as long as that specific future is inevitable. One of the unique behaviors of this detector for quantum probability experiments is that, the result state of the quantum experiment is only measured if a Temporal Entanglement string is successfully detected in the present, therefore the only way for an expectant-string to initiate is for it to lead to the measurement which contains its endpoint. I have full details and explanation of this machine. But the coolest thing about it is the name.. Which I will give in a reply if anybody wants.
I have considered most of potential violations of fundamental laws by my detector design and found no violations so far. A common question may be Does it violate causality? No. The effect of a successful detection does not precede it's cause. The branchial space from the experiment contains all the possible measurements. If the detector is sucessful in establishing a temporal string at the present in the branch which has the measurement we want, then by definition that branch containing an accurate detector, and our sucess following that detection, was always the branch causality was heading for. The creation and calibration of an effective detector before the experiment was the cause which lead to the measurement identification effect.
There's the mechanical approach of course, and it certainly can be valid, but there's also the probabilistic one. Just like when 10^10 photons tend to clump around certain %'s when going through the slits, what difference would it make if one of those was taken away, or added to the mix? What if the universe itself (or maybe better said reality) tends to "clump" like this as well? Give something in, or take something away, certain end states will never be avoided. Maybe just on the grand scale, but also maybe in the microstates as well. Maybe not exactly down to the grandsire parentry, but just a few generations above...
It is not that the time-modem has not been invented. Rather that those who did keep it for themselves. The circuitry is not that complex either. It is a alternating-stepping construct of 2 setups with each a quantum-entangled photon traveling up, 1 in a short glass-fiber-wire and the other in a very long glass-fiber-wire. The alternate stepping is because the construct can only send back 1 bit for the duration of time given by the difference in length of the 2 glass-fibers (minus the response time of detector+transmitter+copy_bit). So the double system is to make the data-bit travel back alternating on the right and left setup and the number of such steps determine the total time that the data-bit has been send back. Of course you have to use negative logic (e.g. to win the lottery ticket you have to send back a bit when you have NOT got the right number-combination so that it becomes a time-paradox of not having won the lottery (which then can not happen)). It is not possible to send back the winning lottery ticket (for reasons obvious as space-time is N-dimensional deterministic closed looped). Normally you would not use it to hack (time-bound or not) encryption but rather for safety. e.g. you can prevent a car engine from starting WHILE it would not safely reach its destination (no accident between the engine turning on and back off at destination). Or you can make a space-craft fire its lateral trusters as NOT to hit space debris (kind of like a force-field but much cheaper and energy efficient). Curious that humans are building already basic quantum computers without realizing that these do not iterate all combination but likewise also setup a construct that renders anny of all the faulty results impossible to settle in as stable state. You would best also have to understand at least dimensional unfolding (what dimensions are and how each type of particle travels in a different number of them (which is what determines that type)). P,S,: You guys (humans) seriously need to hatch soon as your nest is sinking (meaning yours are devouring this biosphere).
I believe that they showed that anti-protons (or anti-hydrogen, not sure) fell _down_ under gravity a little while back. Not up. So, I am not sure if it's correct to describe them as "negative mass". Antimatter doesn't have negative mass, it has an inverted charge, which is not the same (again, afaik). Still, loved the discussion :)
So first of quantom physics are vastly misunderstand. And in time travel fiction it heavily depend on the time system in use. But generally it is cause existing in alternative timeline to effect. When retro-casualty is naturally contrived.
You've completely disregarded noise. Even if one atom is changed it will not necessarily cause a butterfly effect. The general background noise will pretty much ensure that any change will be lost. The change has to be at the macroscopic level and, indeed, would most likely have to be at a fairly important juncture.
you have an amazing voice, everyone is different. Been following you for a while, I didn't even think it was a speech impediment. Just a different accent.
Whoaah what a noggin scratcher even learning about David Hume, who inspired the term Hume level in SCP. Yeah it always bothered me they ignore the butterfly effect in stories and act like narrative changes are the only changes that matter ignoring that someone dying of a heart attack and dying of a car crash would have exponential on different repercussions the farther in the future you go not to mention just entering the past the changes in pressure, heat, or chemical changes from breathing ect would already create a myriad of rippling changes. But I’ve been very curious about this. I remember in college I asked about this to my astronomy professor if effect could conceivably precede cause, he shut that down with a nope haha. But this is very illuminating to watch and definitely one I’m rewinding to digest, how appropriate for temporal theory episodes! Also top tier joke in the beginning hoho!
Everything that in happening ,happens. Everything that in happening causes something else to happen, causes something else to happen. Anything that in happening causes something else to happen,causes something else to happen. Everything that in happening causes itself to happen again, happens again. It doesn't neccessarly do it in chronological order though. Douglas Adams in his unhelpful notes from the Omnibus hard cover of H2G2.
Isaac: " This is not an episode. That'll answer all your questions about retrocausality." Me: My brother in Christ.... I was today years old when I discovered that was even a THING.
That time travel joke was so good I had to go back ten seconds to hear it again! :D
tss dum ba
I had to go back in time too!
So glad I got the drink and snacks for watching this one… 😂😂😂
Both time travel jokes were great.
I actually did also! 🤣
I have to seriously disagree with you about retro causality being most common in science fiction. It is much much more common in politics.
Yeah rewriting the past does seem to be a common hobby of a lot of politicians, particularly their own views and narrative, I doubt it's particular unique to them though, just more scrutinized by others.
If a politician convinced everyone Lincoln didn't get assassinated. He didn't change time or reality, just history..
Sanctions imposed in 2019 causing famine in Venezuela in the 2000s
politicians with a time machine... somehow that sounds more stomach churning than the grandma thing.
It's tricky for the future to affect the present, but expectations of the future affect the present all the time. For example, if you are saving money, you are expecting that you will not die tomorrow.
Great point! It is so called self-fulfilling prophecy. Where something is caused by because assumed effect.
Actually present does not exist. It is a subjective construct that we use to name a combination of situations and processes in our lives that are currently controlling our thoughts.
@@alko2124 what do you mean 'currently'?
Dude, literally right before I clicked on this video I was speculating how Fate/Stay-Night's interpretation of the "Gae-Bolg" spear, a spear that reverses causality ("the heart is pierced, so the spear must have been thrust" instead of "the spear is thrust, the heart is pierced) would interact with various characters lol.
This episode is so good, it made me watch the show for the last 8 years!
...well, there will also be that amazing "interdimensional periscopes" episode in 2030, which will still be keeping me watching until then.
Me liking the video caused it to be uploaded.
OK, you win the comments section. 😂
@@bbartkyYour comment is the cause of why they liked this video.
Very possible
I read a book by a couple of psychotherapists where one theme was that people's biographies only make sense in reverse
Huh, I've never thought of it that way but it make sense, people are usually trying to write a biography as a story leading to the known end, so the bits included would tend to point there. I know form my own weekly journal that I tend to dwell a lot more on what's currently on my mind and that when I listen to ones form some years back, it tends to feel rather secondary and irrelevant
probably lucky if they make sense in either direction...
Boy I was expecting a much more noticeable speech challenge. If I hadn't been listening to you for many years; I wouldn't have known you had one. Even before any therapy at all I didn't think much about it. Now, if not mentioned by yourself, I'd have forgotten you ever had an issue. Keep up the awesome videos!
It is more noticeable when I'm speaking live and excited, you can notice way more in episode zero, which is also unscripted. These day the AI, even without training to me, can transcribe all but the worst or most obscure words I say.
@@isaacarthurSFIAas someone who also has speech problems i find your videos inspiring 🙁❤️
Isaac, this is exactly the show I look forward to twice every week… I can’t believe you haven’t been scooped up by a larger outlet to do what Michio Kaku or the other guy do- explain this stuff to layman audience. Or at least publish a book; you have a built in customer base through this show! That being said, your current operation has evolved into a robust one! Cheers!
As Joey would say “Your point is moo.” We live in a block universe where everything has already happened. If time travel was possible it would create havoc for the patent office
When I watched my first Isaac Arthur video, it was recommended to me by a friend that isn't really that into sci-fi stuff but she knew I was. I watched a video and went back to her and said "Yeah I liked it. The impediment takes a little getting used to though" and she looked at me and said "Oh? I found it soothing 🤷"
And idk what wizard Jedi voodoo magic she cast on me, but ever since then, your voice and cadence have been one of the most relaxing things in my life. Sometimes if you release a video I know I'm not gonna care about that much, I'll still put it on just to listen to you talk.
Not only that, but it makes you easily discernable from others as well. Friend, you might be doing the one single job that actually turns your curse into a blessing.
Thanks, I should send her a thank you card too :)
i feel absolutely the same. his voice and cadence really are comforting. i always listen to your videos as a sleeping podcast
Interesting timing. Just had the worst nightmare where I played a game in VR and eventually found a note I had written to myself but couldn't possibly have written, something that resulted in a panic attack so strong that I was actually screaming as I woke up. Have no idea why that would cause such a reaction, don't think I would have responded like that in real life, but in the dream it was terrifying. And I remember believing in the dream that the note must have come from the future. All the note said was "Join us. CRISPR. And my signature".
That's definitely on the weird side :)
19:53 A photon's wavelength times frequency equals lightspeed, not Planck's constant.
You seriously worry about your speech too much. It's honestly a staple of the channel at this point and I think I'd miss it if you got rid of it. 👌
Not to mention it got way better than in first videos.
Yeah man literally no one cares
Yea, dude it's irrelevant...
It actually probably helps people pay attention better due to a phycolgical phenomenon called "the justification of effort." It's similar to the Ikea effect, but larger.
It's part of his charisma IMO. Not that he needs any extra cuz he Rocks.
I was writing a book with a time travel paradox in it, and I couldn't figure out how to resolve it. You made this documentary just after I had the thought of making it retroactive, so perfectly done Issac! You're always amazing to listen to!
Just don't ever never mess with time travel, it always gets weird.
Unless someone else invents a time machine, then you have to go back in time and make sure they don't invent it...
Finally I see someone else acknowledging how changes would occur at the quantum level during time travel! I've had this same idea lately and it occurred to me how strange it is that it's not discussed often in time travel discourse (similar to how accounting for the movement of cosmic bodies wasn't considered in pop culture discourse until recently)
Yet here I am, from the Quantum Chimichanga Reality, sitting here watching an Isaac Arthur video from the Quantum Cheeseburger timeline...
oddly enough I just finished a cheeseburger (for real) and, thanks to your comment, now wish it was a chimichanga
What do we want? Time Travel! when do we want it? It doesn't matter!
1. Both general relativity and quantum field theory are time-reversible (CPT symmetry).
2. Some paradoxes can be described using pseudo-time (Turing machine progress) possibly being different from time (spacetime coordinate).
3. Butterfy effect is in theory also time-reversible, but I bet second law of thermodynamics can be reformulated as "living systems are not chaotic when computing past".
4. That is as close I can get to scientifically confirm it is easier to manipulate future than the past (e.g. causes precede effects).
5. Do not create time machines! Somehing will arrive as soon as possible, and you cannot know if it is going to be Skynet, grey goo, or a piece of inflatory universe.
I think the idea of travelling through wormholes/ dimensions etc, doesnt take the fact that all "particles" arent seperate.
They are a part of an already wavefunction of the universe.
They are created by the interaction of their fields.
So if you jumped outside this universe,
( where the fields arent ) you would instantly cease to exist.
Ir if you went through a wormhole, you are trying to take the fields interactions ( your particles ) from one universe time-segment into a time that is already -packed with its own field interactions.
Its already a complete universe.
Its like trying to take a drawing off the paper its drawn on.
I liked this video before i watched it cause I knew I would love it
nice 😂
I liked the video because I knew I liked it.
@@DaveTucker-ip3pg good choice
The table is an interesting analogy... in a way it highlights the possibility for the Butterfly effect to -at times- be irrelevant, and at others cause massive changes.
If the carpenter makes a table in 10 steps over 10 days, the ORDER itself may be irrelevant (same overall effort / time / tools) as long as the 'cannon event' completes.
Whereas if his neighbor did 1 step, that could get the carpenter out of the house 1 day earlier, when he got hit by a car that swerved onto his shop sidewalk, which had no effect on the original sequence when he was inside running his table saw & didn't event hear the tires skid.
I'm not a physicist, but maybe this is why 'time' seems 'weird' in places like quantum - maybe its the result of 'insignificant differentiation' at the scale viewed from.
As a sloppy short hand 'not all things matter to all things', a cross somewhere around 'if a butterfly flaps its wings in the woods and nobody feels it, did it matter' lol
That's crazy, "retrocausality" randomly popped into my head last night
one theory for retrocausality:
heisenbergian uncertainties has both location ans speed in it.
for location to make sense, it has to include a point in time. for speed to make sense, it has to include a direction.
and speed being time realated, and a spacetime coordinate having time as a dimension, heisenbergian uncertainty necessarily includes temporal uncertainty.
so any observation may trigger a time skip or backwards time travel in the uncertainty principle range.
so, technicaly not comfirmable, as its in theuncertainty range, by itself. but a chain of retrocausal interactions could butterfly into statisticaly significant pre-reactions.
the uncartainty caused skip agead and reverse timejump of cause and effect on larger scales usualy averages out into a kind of fuzzy now. its why "now" has a lenght, instead of being infinetly short. it gets blurred into the past and future.
sometimes it grabs data from forward or forwards old data.
Living in a universe without one way causality could end up feeling very surreal and dreamlike as from your perspective very unlikely events end up having to happen to ensure the future remains as it should be at a certain point like the harder you stretch it away from there the more it turns out the universe you're in is one that tugs right back
The thing about going through a wormhole causing you to intersect your own timeline and annihilate has the same energy as going through a wormhole that's smaller than you and colliding with yourself in space. (in fact, is that the same effect?)
Speaking of time travel, I just watched Gardens of the Moon thanks to the Nebula time travel app
Awesome renderings. They are the kind of renderings I dreamed of during your early episodes. If I do manage to semi-retire in the next few years, I hope I can learn to do more than just fiddle around in Blender and Fusion 360, and maybe I can make some contribution worthy of an SFIA episode. Bryan Versteeg is my 3d hero!
He's an awesome guy, we'd corresponded a lot over the years but I only met him in person back this May and besides being fun to talk to, his knowledge and passion for space is top notch. Should you ever do any animating you think would be good for the show, just shoot me an email at isaac.arthur.utube@gmail.com, we always need more :)
@@isaacarthurSFIA Thanks! That's an inspiration!
Like how the movie "Primers" deal with rertocausality - being a person just falls unconscious for some mystical reasons.
It beat's the fade from existence that was present in the final episode of Samuri Jack's and Ashi wedding.
The moment still makes me really sad. :(
I watched the final season of Samurai Jack for the first time last week and I'm troubled by it.
If Ashi from the future couldn't exist in the past because Aku was killed before she was born, then she wouldn't be able to open the time portal for Jack to kill Aku and this is how we end with a time paradox...
Unless
The timeline correction mechanism which erases Ashi works with a time delay as we see by giving time to some events to unfold (Jack kills Aku), but then it finally starts to sort out things and Ashi is erased. What I think should happen is that Jack should be erased as well since he can't exist anymore in the new past without her while Aku should stay dead as he does since he was killed in the new past.
I'm very impressed with how you improved your speech in the last few years. As someone who struggled with a speech impediment myself, well done sir 👏🏽
Just popping in after being away from your vids for a bit... Holymoly Isaac! Your speech therapy progress is amazing! Congrats!
My favourite "creation" theory I've read in a sci fi short story is that future humans or some other advanced alien species will do something that will be the cause of the Big Bang that created our universe.
ad the. being that created the universe spoke" ups"
Issac Asimov did the story where humans keep asking the same question of the biggest computer that exists. First a world spanning one. then a solar system one. A galaxy wide one and lastly a universe spanning one where the computer physically exists in hyperspace. It ponders the issue of what is the nature of the Universe, how it came to exist and can the end of the universe be prevented.
It never figured out those answers before the universe ended but it had survived the end of the universe being in hyperspace.
It did after an unknown length of non time solve the problem. It figured out how to create the universe.
"Let There Be Light!"
A philosopher (I won't name him) argued that the purpose of human existence is the release of bound energy. And the final act of energy release is the Big Bang.
when your dealing with those HUGE wavelength photons, I wonder what they look like, when the photon hits in a direction perpendicular to its wavelength.
I have some Tralfamadorian acquaintances who would object to this whole causality business, retro or otherwise.
Naw, you're coming at this too materialistically, as if nature behaves like a machine, instead of behaving like ever-changing category-defying nature. I don't know the specifics of how it all works, but I started talking to an entity from somewhere else, and one of the main ways she communicates is time manipulation. As you point out, altering the physical world is difficult. But how about, putting a random thought in my head, and then an hour later, the conversation I'm having with a friend naturally turns to that topic. Like, 'Look at this card. Now I'll shuffle the deck, and here it is!" I've been having those little reverse-causality moments for months now (among other playful weirdness). Another of her tricks is to have things end at exactly the right moment. Like if I'm coming home from a walk, and the last beat of the song I'm listening to comes as I slide my key in the front door. *If you wanted to accomplish time travel, the interior of a mind is where you can get away with it.* Because there's no physical objects to manipulate. You just wait for something to be referenced, dip back in time a little, browse through your mark's memories, and call attention to that thing that's about to be brought up. You can see when a song will end, and delay your mark juuuust enough to time the ending perfectly to something he's doing, like in a movie soundtrack. Or how about, giving me ideas for short stories decades ago that would hint- like a parable- at events that would happen in my present. A riddle that takes ten years to get all the pieces to make it make sense, but then it makes sense perfectly. (Like the movie Paycheck.) If there's a time police, she's a genius at avoiding them.
My guess is that, all moments in time exist. The future is as real as the past. As in, not as real as the present, more vague, and alterable. Maybe time is as self-correcting as how your body heals from a wound, or a forest returns after a fire. As if it's a part of nature too, and not something separate. I envision time as a floating sphere with photos of all your memories on the outside of it. You're in a gondola, rotating around the sphere on a linear path. You can only see one memory at a time. But All Of Them Exist, just out of your sight. And in dreams sometimes, we see little swatches of things we'll see later. Someone who can see outside of your little gondola would be able to peek ahead and give you a heads up.
So, is there free will or isn't there? The answer to almost every big either/or question is "both". I think that, somehow, when each life comes into existence, it carves a path it will follow. This is like the first draft of a story. Some stories follow the first draft very closely. Others differ quite a bit. But it's still the same foundation of a story. I think that, when we're born, the 'first draft' of our whole lives is 'procedurally-generated'. Maybe the cosmic algorithm takes our basic personality and averages out the most likely series of events we'll live through. But of course, we're living in an MMORPG with 9 billion other players (far more if you count the animals. Or plants. Or cells!) Even in a structured game, there will be unforeseeable events with that many players interacting. So, maybe we're born onto an airport walkway, constantly pulling us along in a set, stable path. But if we want to, we could choose to stop, run, turn back, sit down, or jump over the rails.
I don't think there's much value in discussing the world and the cosmos as if we already know how everything works. That's like NPCs inside a game treating the in-game mechanics as the only physics there are or could ever be. And people who talk about a 'computer' or a 'user' are just crackpots.
7:18 the butterfly effect is not inevitable! bad ergodics communication!
7:30
Me when a sci-fi show talks about a butterfly effect but functionally everything from historical events to characters who were born after the history altering event have moderate alteration to their appearance and aesthetic as oppsed to being written from the ground up to be a different timline with different people: 🤦🏾♂️
But for reaI I _do_ often enjoy how you specify problems with sci-fi. It helps me in both understanding science *_and_* making better world-building, and it grounds the general "cringe" I feel when I see someone fictional or referencing fiction around said things. The butterfly effect being one of the _worse_ examples... 😅
if it was up to me , every time star trek / dr who go back in time and do Anything, I want the return to the present to have minor differences - and to cause a mild panic in the travellers
Love these videos man, even if I have trouble understanding quantum theory let alone time at that level
Roko's Basilisk has no more of a time travel component than UA-cam's algorithm does.
Multidimensional time always made more sense to me than a multiverse. The concept of a multiverse is just our way of explaining additional dimensions of time that we cannot see nor directly experience, inside of our own, single universe. Technically, we see and can move through time in zero dimensions, a dot. There is the now, nothing else, for our limited perception at this stage in our development. But we can imagine a line, one dimension, of past and future, and while we cannot physically go there, nor experience it directly with our instruments, we can use our math to calculate and extrapolate with it. Technically, we see the past, when we look at the cosmos, but this isn't precisely true; it's just our "now", our dot of time, a snapshot framed by the universe having a maximum speed of causality. And yes, our dot moves through time, taking us with it, relativistically compared to other dots, but it is always "now" for us. We cannot, at will, step into before or after, although we can imagine it, draw it, film it, calculate with it, etc. All the other possibilities of alternate time or timelines, what-if this, what-if that, are just the infinite points on other dimensions of time that are much harder for us to imagine easily, much as going above three physical dimensions is also much harder for us to see, although we can compute and imagine these concepts to a limited extent. Increasing dimensions much beyond the three of space, and one of time, rapidly becomes harder for us to visualize or imagine or compute.
Bingo. As odc as it sounds the strange structures seen on some types of psychedelics are the shape of the hidden dimensions that make up time.
Yep, basically there's N dimensions of Space and M dimensions of Time. Imagine if someone figured out equations that could handle that mess consistently and sanely. O_o
@christopherrogers532 A computer that could do that would be insanely powerful. Believe it or not your brain can do it, you are seeing/experiencing time as more than a single linear dimension when you take tryptamine based psychedellics. Now being able to translate it into math is a whole different ball game, but being able to do this would allow all kinds of supernatural abilities to manifest. 🤔
Before viewing: Isn't this basically what a bootstrap paradox is?
I suppose it is rather appropriate for a time travel episode to reappear at various points.
Some things happened between those two points
Having enjoyed this video, I decided that I'd have to watch it.
Sounding great isaac, the hard work is paying off. Doesn't make a difference to me, but hopefully it's making you feel better.
That Heisenberg department of physics joke is great!
“You are probably here”
Incomprehensible. Have a great day.
Man I remember when star lifting came out. I got all my friends hooked on this channel.
I think it’s interesting you used a Feynman diagram. I believe one of the key insights is that it doesn’t matter how many self interactions took place between to events if the initial and final results are the same. Likewise I don’t think that the butterfly effect always results in more divergent timelines, but may actually have some convergence. Weird as it may sound, a moment in time can have many possible future, but it may also have many possible pasts that converge to the same state.
@@XD152awesomeness From the perspective of an observer the convergences might be a distinction without a difference. What does it really matter if a retro causality event allows for a molecule of water to be on the East Coast shores of the Continental USA.
Instead of it being in the Euphrates River in the Middle East?
You can send patterns of energy backwards in time and use it to alter a timeline either by transmitting information or using energy to rearrange matter at the specific target point. As time is composed of several dimensions what happens is the time strean changes into two; the original and altered timeline. However the time traveller is destroyed but the pattern isnt and even if you do the never born paradox you still exist in the new time stream as an independant quantum object that originated from the previous unalterd time stream. Overuse of time travel tech can cause chaos as each branch of the time stream increases entropy. It eventually reaches a point that causes the system to collapse in a way similar to a crash due to a 1+ theta error in a computer ❤
Haven't watched this yet, but it's gonna give me a headache isn't it?
EDIT: I was fucking right.
It's okay...
There's coffee in that nebula.
There was a recent that could have some weight for this episode where it was proven that photons while getting the shortest path through space, they may also take the Shekhar path through time.
Still trying to wrap my head around it.
That has some implications that would've fit here I believe.
Maybe in another episode
I have a really bad problem with stuttering, and if I'm not listening to music or something else like that, I will absolutely stutter. It gets significantly worse if I'm talking to someone and I am very emotional or if someone interrupts me. Don't worry about your speech problems they are absolutely not bad and I actually like the sound of your voice.
the time travel joke was so bad it ruined the drum effect sound 😂😂😂
My slight issue with the butterfly effect is that systems behave as a unit and don't vary much in result. One door produced on an assembly line works almost exactly like the door made prior to it, because although the atoms are different, there are emergent properties which arise from being configured into a door. Although we think of a door as a very simple object, it's actually filled with self regulating systems which ensure it doesn't randomly explode or transform into a chicken just because one atom is having an existential crisis. Likewise taking slightly more energy to close your door in the morning isn't going to change your life trajectory. The butterfly effect likely exists but is overstated imo. But time traveling and replacing one door on an assembly line probably won't result in much change 100 years down the line, and replacing one Einstein with a sufficiently similar clone will probably still result in him serving the same purpose. They're fungible.
@asahearts1
What it _would_ likely affect, however, is conception. As even a conceptually miniscule change in conditions of conception could be the difference between you being born and the equivalent of a sibling of yours being born instead. This _can_ be insignificant to start with, but would nigh-inevitably snowball into a myriad of different decisions being made by this slightly different person. Meaning that a single change to your family line would likely mean that no one further down said line than their children would be *_remotely_* identical, even though they would have the same name and probably even parents.
That seems reasonable - however, you have no way of differentiating these ahead of time. Maybe if the factory produces one door less, someone chooses not to invest because they drew an arbitrary line...
Exchanging an apple with an orange doesn't matter until someone is allergic.
So, while singular small changes _probably_ don't matter, there's bound to be quite a lot of them in magical time travel, and some of them could very well be relevant
@@ivoryas1696 I'm basically like a very close sibling to the person I was a moment ago. If you traveled back in time and moved one atom of my body, I wouldn't be the same person, but a very close sibling. Likewise, slightly changing all the atoms in my parent's door the day they conceived me would cause changes which would make me a close sibling... but functionally it still wouldn't matter. Maybe hundreds or thousands of years down the line, yeah, but some examples he mentioned in the video, like photons from observing the past leading to an uptick on photosynthesis, those seem really unlikely to have any effect we would consider to be notable, at least for thousands of years.
Of course I have no way of testing this. Opinions for or against the butterfly effect, or to what extent it matters, are currently unfalsifiable.
Edit: Just reread and realized you meant different genetics. sry. I need to stop commenting before having coffee -_-
@@EliasMheart Yeah we might never have a way of measuring or determining the falsifiability of these things.
I would figure there would be some kind of threshold in most effects, though. Like if a door hinge takes slightly more effort to close, it's unlikely to functionally change much. But if it eventually warrants a replacement, then yeah that would change more.
It also seems obvious that going back in time and changing a door hing would also have a greater effect than changing an atom in a piece of wood used in lath and plaster construction of a house's wall. Barring getting struck by lightning or something, That piece of wood isn't going to have any particular effect on events, so long as it serves its function of... being a piece of wood in a wall.
Overall, what I'm saying is changing a part of a part of a part of a part of a car isn't going to have a drastic effect on its performance in a reasonable length of time, but I can't prove it to you. It just seems intuitive that something which serves the same function will perform similarly until some tipping point, and then it might make a very tiny difference, but the cascading effect is overblown. Even if that car part fails, it **might** cause someone to lose their job due to being late, but if they're getting fired over being late for work one time due to a car part, they were probably on that trajectory anyway, so did it really change anything?
@@asahearts1
TL;DR
Yes, I actually agreed with your comments point that people overestimate stochasticitys ability to fight natures methods of stabilization. For instance, it doesn't make sense that the flap of a butterflies wings would or even _could _*_reasonably_** cause* a hurricane anywhere, *_let alone_* thousands of miles away, as even the sun heating the ground and causing a random updraft would have a higher affect on the weather than that, lol. 🙄 Earth's climate _is _*_extremely_* hard to affect even with things as powerful as nukes (with any one even, that is. In case I started looking sus 😅), so the chances a butterfly is consequential to a tropical storm is so small it's probably never happened and never will. My point was that decision-making and biological stochasticity are often *_underestimated_* if anything, as such things (specifically or at least mostly involving changes in decisions made by intelligent agents) more directly and causally affect others in their decisions and outcomes.
I mean... I _do_ see your point, but considering even twins (identical or otherwise) sometimes make different enough decisions in their lives to have different career goals, S.Os, and sometimes even hobbies, I _still_ hold the position that there's no _reasonable_ likelihood any more than the children (of the individuals who experienced the change) would be meaningfully identical to their original timeline counterparts. A thousand or even a hundred years seems _kinda_ optimistic, especially considering how fast things move nowadays, and how many people could decide to react to things given their specific inclinations.
There are *_far_* simpler systems that are affected by chaos theory in sufficient volume to be made to similarly different extents from similarly small differences. So many different circumstances that they're almost fundamentally unsolvable without constraints. I don't see how something as long lasting as the timespan and complexity of a persons life from birth to bride/groom, would be stable enough to be comparable even if the change was small (given it was early and formative enough, which would apply to _anyone_ born after it happened who was with range of the effected).
For instance, those sudden memories that bubble up for seemingly no reason but random or because someone you just _barely_ decided to tag along with accidentally reminded you of. That video that sends you down a rabbit-hole because you happened to have searched up enough of something for an algorithm to have been recommended the topic. That friend you make because he accidentally chose cello instead of a bass to play in orchestra. It can be *_really_* hard to forget how inevitable our current societal timeline *isn't* (scientifically, anyway), but when you toss that notion aside, it can be fairly easy to see how easily throwing in a wrench can mix things up. Many of these changes are ultimately interchangeable, and I'm sorry for having gone on so long but it's *_really_* difficult to communicate how unlikely it becomes down the line that interchangeability is _likely, _*_much less_* functionally untouched without math I'm not equipped to portray accurately... 😶
I love you (just started a futurism course & I’m thinking of you all the time)
You were never difficult to listen to by any means. But if you listen to an older video abd a modern one, you can certainly hear the difference that's come from the work youve put in. Hopefully you cab start to feel kess self conscious as time goes on.
Ahh, this! A favorite! ❤ I first heard of this concept from Ben Yahtzee Croshaw's "Chzo Mythos" adventure games, where one of the final installments has it as a major plot point
Retro-causality only presents issues with certain theories of Time. If one is stuck on the idea that Time "moves" then anything that isn't linear, unidirectional causality is either weird or impossible. However, if, instead, Time is a coordinate plane, like length, depth, and width, then what we might consider non-standard models of causality not only become feasible but expected. Time as a coordinate plane that we "move through" (more like our consciousness rides along the thread of our individual existence through the plane) is called Eternalism in philosophy. There are three main theories (not the scientific variety) of Time in philosophy: Eternalism, which I've just described, Presentism, which posits that there is only Now and the past and the future no longer exist (but they did exist when they were the Now of their moment), and Growing Block theory, which is Presentism but adds a past which is created like the wake of a boat as the present continually comes into and then passes out of being the Now. Confusing, ain't it? (I don't know of any philosopher who takes Growing Block seriously, besides the one that thought it up.) I tend to favor Eternalism, myself, although I'm in the minority because the theory shoots the notion of Free Will in the head and leaves it discarded in a half-rolled-up carpet near the side of a lonely access road on the wrong side of the tracks. Anyway, thanks for the video. (I watched it first on Nebula, btw.)
Your speech therapy work is inspiring and I’ve long enjoyed this channel.
This is a fascinating subject. Charles Stross wrote two space opera novels that deal with this subject, which he called the ‘Eschaton’ series, probably intending to write more but instead finding success with the Laundry Files. The books are called Singularity Sky and Iron Sunrise, and they feature retro causality as a forbidden weapon of war!
Stross regards the Eschaton universe as incorrigibly broken. Unfortunately, youtube often eats my comments that contain links, so I'll cut-and-paste a big quotation from Stross that you could search out: "The events of IS [_Iron Sunrise_] are set in the foreground of such a war between time-travellers, and I think I got some of the details badly wrong - at the level of how the events would appear from within.
Want to see that kind of conflict done right? Read _Palimpsest_ (in my collection "Wireless") - in which I revisit time travel with fifteen years' more thought.
Having broken the Eschaton universe, there's no way to go forward (which is why any future space opera you see from me will feature a new setting - I have plans)."
@@entreprenerd1963interesting. I’d love to know what exactly were the details of time traveling war that he feels he got wrong. I also loved the diversity of the settled planets and the teacup spaceship and the aliens who traded cornucopia machines for stories… I enjoyed both books more than once.
Great episode, I really should get around to watching it eventually.
I don't think you really argued properly for the butterfly affect, given some of the contexts you assume or mused about. Just what IS going to change if I do or don't flick a photon or even an electron off the side from where it would originally go. Also, the butterfly->hurricane thing is not meant literally, just like that most defiantly living or dead at any given time cat.
That photon could strike an object minutely pushing it.
This slightly alters the momentum of the earth. Such a small shift would be unnoticeable but the difference between where the earth is and where it would've been gradually grows as the earth orbits the Sun. Eventually the difference in position could cause the Earth to be on a collision course with an extinction-level asteroid that it wouldn't have been otherwise.
I just seen a video about how emergant things can effect the pices they make up. So this sounds pretty cool. One day we'll figure it out
I'm both amused and unamused by the time travel joke...
One of my favorite recent topics!
I am not a native english speaker so even when your speech impediment was more noticeable a couple of years ago i just thought you were polish or somethin so you really blew my mind when you mentioned it a couple of years sgo
I think a past chance would need to be above an effective threshold for temporal noise to have a butterfly effect on the present. The universe seems to have it's own type of error bar or everything would be exactly predicable, so a change would need to exceed that...?
Interestingly...I have for a couple years been working on a complete design for a detector which does not require time-travel, but causes the instantiation of a Temporal-Entanglement string. The string does not extend beyond the present moment or into the future, but relies on an advanced method of interacting with Branchial Space. The method of interaction involves measuring branchial space at the present moment, in order to identify a high-confidence direction of success parameters according to current quantum influences. The Temporal-Entanglement string is initiated in present moment by the detector, and flows with present time from that initiation moment with the expectation that it will connect to it's end-moment upon arrival at that future. The thing is.. Temporal Entanglement can occur between the present and a future which has not occurred yet, as long as that specific future is inevitable.
One of the unique behaviors of this detector for quantum probability experiments is that, the result state of the quantum experiment is only measured if a Temporal Entanglement string is successfully detected in the present, therefore the only way for an expectant-string to initiate is for it to lead to the measurement which contains its endpoint.
I have full details and explanation of this machine. But the coolest thing about it is the name.. Which I will give in a reply if anybody wants.
I have considered most of potential violations of fundamental laws by my detector design and found no violations so far. A common question may be Does it violate causality?
No. The effect of a successful detection does not precede it's cause. The branchial space from the experiment contains all the possible measurements. If the detector is sucessful in establishing a temporal string at the present in the branch which has the measurement we want, then by definition that branch containing an accurate detector, and our sucess following that detection, was always the branch causality was heading for. The creation and calibration of an effective detector before the experiment was the cause which lead to the measurement identification effect.
Time travel continues to break my brain like nothing else.
A fascinating video, Isaac.
This episode has so many great time travel jokes, im going to enjoy hearing them.
Perhaps the most crazy of Heinlein's many time travel stories is the short story, "All You Zombies."
Seems people intent on fixing the past are unable to practice acceptance
I think the whole universe it is retrocasual
There's the mechanical approach of course, and it certainly can be valid, but there's also the probabilistic one. Just like when 10^10 photons tend to clump around certain %'s when going through the slits, what difference would it make if one of those was taken away, or added to the mix? What if the universe itself (or maybe better said reality) tends to "clump" like this as well? Give something in, or take something away, certain end states will never be avoided. Maybe just on the grand scale, but also maybe in the microstates as well. Maybe not exactly down to the grandsire parentry, but just a few generations above...
Never had any problem understanding anything you say. Really like all your videos.❤ Keep up the great work.😊
Meow.
The way I sum it up, what's done in the past have echos in the future.
It is not that the time-modem has not been invented.
Rather that those who did keep it for themselves.
The circuitry is not that complex either.
It is a alternating-stepping construct of 2 setups with each a quantum-entangled photon traveling up, 1 in a short glass-fiber-wire and the other in a very long glass-fiber-wire.
The alternate stepping is because the construct can only send back 1 bit for the duration of time given by the difference in length of the 2 glass-fibers (minus the response time of detector+transmitter+copy_bit).
So the double system is to make the data-bit travel back alternating on the right and left setup and the number of such steps determine the total time that the data-bit has been send back.
Of course you have to use negative logic (e.g. to win the lottery ticket you have to send back a bit when you have NOT got the right number-combination so that it becomes a time-paradox of not having won the lottery (which then can not happen)).
It is not possible to send back the winning lottery ticket (for reasons obvious as space-time is N-dimensional deterministic closed looped).
Normally you would not use it to hack (time-bound or not) encryption but rather for safety.
e.g. you can prevent a car engine from starting WHILE it would not safely reach its destination (no accident between the engine turning on and back off at destination).
Or you can make a space-craft fire its lateral trusters as NOT to hit space debris (kind of like a force-field but much cheaper and energy efficient).
Curious that humans are building already basic quantum computers without realizing that these do not iterate all combination but likewise also setup a construct that renders anny of all the faulty results impossible to settle in as stable state.
You would best
also have to understand at least dimensional unfolding (what dimensions are and how each type of particle travels in a different number of them (which is what determines that type)).
P,S,: You guys (humans) seriously need to hatch soon as your nest is sinking (meaning yours are devouring this biosphere).
Two related ideas are the Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory and the transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics.
Hope there is a poll next week to vote on you uploading this video
Is this reupload? I swear I have seen this before.
I would appreciate your explanation of a 'closed time-like curve,' which is a go-to explanation of time travel in may science fiction novels.
I just watched a video yesterday about the one electron universe idea. What a fun coincidence 😁
I believe that they showed that anti-protons (or anti-hydrogen, not sure) fell _down_ under gravity a little while back. Not up.
So, I am not sure if it's correct to describe them as "negative mass". Antimatter doesn't have negative mass, it has an inverted charge, which is not the same (again, afaik).
Still, loved the discussion :)
ayyyyyyyyyyy elmer's back!!!
havent seen him in forever
Virtual particles are audited based on how massive they are and how long they persist.
Black hole event horizon: Hold my singularity
I loved this episode, which is why I decided to watch it.
Long frequencies the age the universe just blew my mind!
This video answered questions I haven't asked yet.
So first of quantom physics are vastly misunderstand. And in time travel fiction it heavily depend on the time system in use. But generally it is cause existing in alternative timeline to effect. When retro-casualty is naturally contrived.
You've completely disregarded noise. Even if one atom is changed it will not necessarily cause a butterfly effect. The general background noise will pretty much ensure that any change will be lost. The change has to be at the macroscopic level and, indeed, would most likely have to be at a fairly important juncture.
you have an amazing voice, everyone is different. Been following you for a while, I didn't even think it was a speech impediment. Just a different accent.
Whoaah what a noggin scratcher even learning about David Hume, who inspired the term Hume level in SCP.
Yeah it always bothered me they ignore the butterfly effect in stories and act like narrative changes are the only changes that matter ignoring that someone dying of a heart attack and dying of a car crash would have exponential on different repercussions the farther in the future you go not to mention just entering the past the changes in pressure, heat, or chemical changes from breathing ect would already create a myriad of rippling changes.
But I’ve been very curious about this. I remember in college I asked about this to my astronomy professor if effect could conceivably precede cause, he shut that down with a nope haha.
But this is very illuminating to watch and definitely one I’m rewinding to digest, how appropriate for temporal theory episodes!
Also top tier joke in the beginning hoho!
Or in a clearer way : effects before the cause. How the possible emergence of AGI or ASI in influencing us now ?
"Guardians make their own fate."
If you get this paracausality reference, you have great tastes in video games!
I think this could also be called differential causality as it seems relative to differential equations.
I eagerly await the sequal for the episode that is coming 2 years ago
There is evidence of time travel
Everything that in happening ,happens.
Everything that in happening causes something else to happen, causes something else to happen.
Anything that in happening causes something else to happen,causes something else to happen.
Everything that in happening causes itself to happen again, happens again.
It doesn't neccessarly do it in chronological order though.
Douglas Adams in his unhelpful notes from the Omnibus hard cover of H2G2.
I like what you have achieved! I'm very happy for you and keep going! 😘
Isaac: " This is not an episode. That'll answer all your questions about retrocausality."
Me: My brother in Christ.... I was today years old when I discovered that was even a THING.