Egyptian Pharaohs Family Tree | Dynasties 1 to 31
Вставка
- Опубліковано 15 чер 2023
- Get a 7-day free trial and 25% off Blinkist Annual Premium by clicking here:
www.blinkist.com/usefulcharts or scanning the QR code.
Buy the Ancient Family Trees chart:
usefulcharts.com/products/anc...
Dynasties 1-17 chart:
/ early_and_middle_bronz...
RELATED VIDEOS:
Pharaohs Mentioned in the Bible:
• Pharaohs Mentioned in ...
Ptolemaic Dynasty Family Tree:
• Ptolemaic Dynasty Fami...
CREDITS:
Charts by Antonio Vitor da Silva Loiola and Matt Baker
Animation by Syawish Rehman
Audio editing by Ali Shahwaiz
Theme music: "Lord of the Land" by Kevin MacLeod and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0. Available from incompetech.com
Get a 7-day free trial and 25% off Blinkist Annual Premium by clicking here:
www.blinkist.com/usefulcharts or scanning the QR code.
Did you really just used the Khafre pyramid picture to portrait the Khufu pyramid? :-)
I love you thank you for making this
I think at the beginning of the video you said the Nile flows south, which is only true for one small spot.
At about 3:40-ish
Maybe I'm confused.
How about Consuls of Rome. I know this is republic. But unlike nowadays republics ,Roman consuls were related to each other
Is the first chart going to become available? I can't read the name from the video and don't see it on the website. I see the 18th dynasty onward chart but not the Old and Middle Kingdoms shown in the video. I'd like to get the pair, so if it's going to become available .... thanks.
A friend of mine is a history teacher that happened to have 31 kids in his class this past year, so for their section on Ancient Egypt he assigned a dynasty to each kid. They had to do research and make a presentation with a poster about their chosen dynasty. Not only did they learn a lot, but for the rest of the year they could link whatever else they were learning about to the dynasty in power at the time (and whoever had done the report on the dynasty could often chime in). It was a really cool way to get the kids involved!
I love that 🥰
i feel bad for whoever got number 7
@@seamusfinnerty5897 Or anyone who got basically a non-dynasty.
Gh
@@seamusfinnerty5897 Forgive my ignorance, but what's with number 7?
Fun Fact: During the reign of Ramesses the Great, official restoration works were conducted on the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Sakkara. To Ramesses and his contemporaries, the Djoser Pyramid was already an ancient building, having been built 1,500 years ago. Djoser was to Ramesses what Justinian and Belisarius are to us. Yet, Ramesses was still separated from Cleopatra VII. by more than 1,100 years, and she is separated from us by over 2,000 years.
47 centuries have passed since Imhotep stood there in the desert sand and oversaw the construction of the first pyramid and we can still visit it today. Truly amazing.
The sheer scale of time that Ancient Egypt existed is mind-boggling. Just remember these two items:
First, the sheer length of time of Ancient Egyptian civilization is so great, it actually provided the first challenge to the literal reading of the Bible that the Earth is only about 6,000 years old. The issue this theory ran into was the fact that Egyptologists in the early 1800s were starting to uncover evidence of Pharaohs who reigned before the Great Flood and Noah’s Ark story, which is not possible; the Great Flood was meant to wipe away all evidence of prior civilizations. Some disputed the age of these finds to keep literal Bible history alive, but the later discovery of dinosaur fossils ultimately proved Young Earth false (some VERY misguided people still believe in it, though).
Second, the last Pharaoh of an independent Ancient Egyptian kingdom, Cleopatra VII (the famous one who had children with both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony) is closer in terms of time to us today that she was to the construction of the Great Pyramids.
Thanks for your comment ,I am Egyptian ❤🇪🇬🙏..We are trying to convince people with these facts that Egyptologists unearthed beginning from the 1800's ..but they still believe in all that political and religious crap (once about Je*ws,or centre-African ... ), the amazing thing about Egypt and Egyptians that neither their borders nor its people have changed over thousands of years ..
@@marwaqoura7804 With all due respect, both have changed significantly. Modern Egyptians have as much in common with ancient Egyptians as we modern Germans have with the ancient pagan germanic or celtic tribes. There is a certain genetic and linguistic continuity, but not a major one. And I don't know what theories you are talking about, but the results of modern egyptology are pretty much the accepted standard everywhere as far as I know. I also don't see how the word Jew is supposed to be a curse word, except if you prefer to submerge yourself in the all too common muslim antisemitism. In this case, I would advise you to keep your opinion to yourself.
@@untruelie2640
Surprise , I am not religious at all ...and who gave you the right to assume my religious beliefs in first place they are not of your concern or business,I said Egyptians as we all call ourselves here no matter what our colour ,religion , race ..etc is ,so keep your culture to yourself as it is not comparable to Egyptians .
@@marwaqoura7804 Part of my assumption may have been wrong, but you still wrote "J*ws" like a censored curse word. I will not tolerate something like that in a discussion.
Just think... by the time of Tutankhamen, Egypt had been in power for almost two thousand years. There were likely Egyptians who studied the first dynasties, the pyramids, and necropolis' like we're doing today, because for them it was already extremely old. It's the same as us looking back to the Roman period from today's perspective. Crazy to think about.
More than if you include the pre-dynastic "Scorpion I" (not the one of the image at the start of the video) was possibly reigning around 3300-3250BCE. But yeh, Egypt is insane for its duration.
Still my favourite trivia that we in the modern day are around 500 years closer (so to the time of the conquest of the Aztecs for us, to give a comparison) to Cleopatra (VII), last solo ruling Pharaoh of Egypt, than she was to Khufu's Great Pyramid being built
To think that also the dynasties zero and one are merely the oldest we have any tangible evidence of. By that time there were already two distinct kingdoms in Egypt, which have probably already existed for quite some time at that point. Several hundred years at the very least I think. We just didn't find any evidence of them (yet).
One reason for that it that nasty habit of erasing all signs of your predecessor each time a new king/dynasty takes over. Lots and lots of Information is lost forever because of that. Imagine if they hadn't done so - we could probably trace egyptian history back way further than that, maybe like 5.000 BC or even further.
@@dorderre my research, following Günter Dreyer, posits back to around 3460BCE, with a King "Ma-Hedj" (King Gazelle), with around 5-6 rulers before we get to "Scorpion I". Before then, the written record simply fails, so any complex polities simply are not attested back then, although the Badarian and similar were indeed in place around 4-5000BCE.
Dreyer's ideas are controversial however, and not commonly accepted so take this with some salt.
@Matthew-rh6ei well we know from Geology that the Saharah is a relatively recently formed desert, so it could be that if you go back before monsoons stopped reaching the region you likely had spread out nomadic herders and early agriculturalists. Meaning Egypt and oasis communities likely formed when people from the growing desert sought refuge there.
@@timothystamm3200 no. the sahara desert is 7 million years old.
I remember I once recently tried to think of what the oldest historical figures I could name from memory were, and the oldest was Pharoah Khufu because of the pyramid. So I guess if you want to be remembered forever, building a giant structure is one way to do it
it pays off to build; his pyramid is the earliest AND the last intact building of the seven wonders of ancient world. the other 6 fell to earthquakes and fires etc.
_Man fears time, but time fears the pyramids_ arab proverb
It is a very good guess. I would probably say Hammurabi or Cheops (name for Khufu in my langueages), but if I would think very very hard there is small change I would say Gilgamesh without checking it (know I just looked on list of Sumerian rulers and I had the moment "ahh, yes, I know Gilgamesh). :p But my first instinct would be probably Hammurabi which was waaaay later than Gilgamesh or Cheops. :p
I would say Narmer, I knew him even before the video haha you can't go wrong with him! A certified oldie!!
Mine would be utzi the iceman, if you want to be remembered, die somewhere very cold
@@theMOCmaster Does he classify as historical person? Also I think that Iry-Hor is earliest person recorded by name. And whoever Utzi the Iceman was, he died only around 100 years earlier than Iry-Hor
As an Egyptian and Ancient Egypt enthusiast, I say to you Bravo and Thanks!
Wrong you can make up anything
@@Backroadslim301 what the fuck dude?
Pretty insane how he keeps repeating the myth that south is up because it's where the Nile flows. ALL ANCIENT MAPS HAD SOUTH AS UP (Arabs, Chinese, first actual map makers ). Don't mistake him for someone unbiased or without agenda.
@@philo3936 no they didn't. The Scottish HIGHlands are in the north
@@philo3936 Sources for: "ALL ANCIENT MAPS HAD SOUTH AS UP"? Arabic maps had south at the top - yes, but those maps are deffinitely from middle ages, and so, they are not "ancient". Chinese maps? Which ones? First known maps were made propably by Assyrians, then later ones by Greeks. What agenda would be behind saying that names for Upper and Lower Egypt are connected to river-flow?
0:00 This video is/was/still is sponsored by Blinkest
2:05 Addressing The Word Pharaoh
Rulers of Egypt were called Kings from Dynasty 1 to Dynasty 17
The 18th Dynasty was when the title Pharaoh would be used to speak of The Ruler of Egypt.
Pharaoh used to refer to the entire ruling palace family, not just the main ruler.
2:45 Dynasty 0
+ Includes a handful of Pharaohs such as Iry Hor and Scorpion,
+ the earliest known writing of a person's name IN HISTORY, and
+ the FIRST PICTURE OF A PHARAOH in history, Pharaoh Scorpion.
3:24 Dynasty 0 Ruled from their capital city of Naqada.
Upper Egypt = Upper Nile River Egypt
Lower Egypt = Lower Nile River Egypt
Lower Egypt is North of Upper Egypt, because The elevation increases from Lower Egypt to Upper Egypt.
5:15 Alot of the early family trees are guesswork.
Dynasty 1 Narmer to Qua, 3150 to 2890
4:06 Narmer conquered Lower Egypt, uniting Lower and Upper under 1 King, King Narmer
5:04 The First 8 Pharaoh's on the list are from Dynasty 1.
1st King Narmer 3150 to 3125 BC
2nd King Hor-Aha 3125 BC to 3050 BC
3rd King Djer 3050 BC to 2980 BC
4th King Djet & Queen Regent Mereneith [Brother Sister pair who became Husband-Wife] , 2980 to 2970 BC
5th King Den 2970 to 2930 BC
6th King Adjib 2930 to 2920 BC
7th King Semerkhet 2920 to 2910 BC
8th King Qua 2910 to 2890
- They practiced human sacrifice, believing the sacrificed souls would aid the King in the afterlife.
6:50
Dynasty 2 Hotespekhemwy to Khasekhemy, 2890 to 2650 BC
9th/1st King Hotespekhemwy
10th/2nd King Nebra
11th/3rd King Nynetjer
12th/4th King Wadjenes & King Seth-Peribsen
13th/5th King Senedj & King Sekhemib Perenmaat
14th/6th King Khasekhemy
+ King Khasekhemy started having Egypt build large building projects
+ King Khasekhemy commissioned statues of himself to be built as well
7:45
*EGYPT: THE OLD KINGDOM OF EGYPT, Djoser to ????? 2686 to 2181 BC*
Dynasty 3
15th/1st King Djoser
+ King Djoser built _THE FIRST EGYPTIAN PYRAMID_ *The Step Pyramid* in Lower Egypt.
+ King Djoser's/Architect Imhotep's Step Pyramid ranks 10th on the list of TALLEST PYRAMIDS.
8:35
16th/2nd King Sekhemkhet
17th/3rd King Sanakht
18th/4th King Kahaba
19th/5th King Huni, father of Sneferu.
8:48
PEAK OLD KINGDOM
Dynasty 4
20th/1st King Sneferu 2600 BC to 2590 BC
+ King Sneferu had The Red Pyramid, The Bent Pyramid, and The Collapsed Pyramid.
21st/2nd King Khufu 2590 BC to 2575 BC
+ King Khufu had built The Great Pyramid of Giza, the tallest structure in the world for 4,000 Years!
22nd/3rd King Djedefre 2575 BC to 2570 BC
+ King Djedefre had built The Lost Pyramid
23rd/4th King Kahfre 2570 BC to 2530 BC
+ Had built The Great Sphinx Statue
24th/5th King Menkaure
25th/6th King Shepseskaf built himself a smaller tomb, not a pyramid.
Dynasty 5
10:52
26th/1st King Userkaf
27th/2nd King Sahure
+ King Sahure's stone tomb would be copied in style by many Kings who ruled after him.
+ King Sahure's navy expanded to new territory like Eritrea.
28th/3rd King Neferirkahre Kakai
29th/4th King Shepseskare
11:59
30th/5th King Neferefre
+ King Neferefre IS THE EARLIEST KING FOR WHOSE BODILY REMAINS HAVE BEEN FOUND!
31st/6th King Nyuserre Ine
32nd/7th King Djedkare Isesi
33rd/8th King Unas 2380 BC to 2350 BC
+ Archaeologists found Pyramid Texts inside King Unas' Tomb.
Dynasty 6
14:25 The Intermediary Period/Egyptian Dark Age/Lost Records Period.
Dynasty 7 - "70 rulers in 70 days"
Dynasty 8 Lower Egypt minor dynasty
Dynasty 9 Lower Egypt minor dynasty
Dynasty 10 Lower Egypt minor dynasty
15:00
Dynasty 11
The 5 Nomarchs
- Intef The Elder
- Mentuhotep I
- Intef I
- Intef II
- Intef III
*THE MIDDLE KINGDOM OF EGYPT*
15:10 Mentuhotep II reunites Lower and Upper Egypt
15:44
Dynasty 12
King Amenhemnat I
2nd King Senusret I
3rd King Amenhemnat II
4th King Senusret II
5th King Senusret III, part of a Greek Legend referring to Susastras.
6th King Amenhemnat III had The Black Pyramid built, and ruled peacefully.
7th King Amenhemnat and Queen Sobekneferu
Dynasty 13
18:12 8th/1st King Sobekhotep I
18:27 2ND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD/DARK AGE 1750 to 1580
Dynasty 14
Dynasty 15
Dynasty 16 Hyksos/Rule by foreigners aka non-Egyptians/Canaanite Kings
Dynasty 17
19:45
Dynasty 18
*Kings are now referred to as _Pharaohs_
20:43 Ancient History Family Tree Chart.
1st Pharaoh Ahmose I
2nd Pharaoh Amenhotep I
3rd Pharaoh Thutmose I
4th Pharaoh Thutmose II & Queen Hatshepset
5th Pharaoh Thutmose III
6th Pharaoh Thutmose IV
7th Pharaoh Amenhotep III The Great, Pharaoh of The Apex of Egyptian Art
8th 24:05 Pharaoh Akhenaten & Queen Nefertiti.
25:23 9th Pharaoh Smenkhare
26:08 10th Pharaoh Tutankhamun aka "King Tut" died at age 19.
Dynasty 19
28:15
9th/1st Ramesses I
10th/2nd Seti I
11th/3rd Ramesses II The Great 90 YEAR OLD
+ He built lots of massive statues of himself, 1 in Nubia.
+ He might be Pharaoh from The Old Testament Bible Story in Exodus
Dynasty 20
31:40
1st Pharaoh Setnakthe, victor of Ancient Egyptian Civil War.
2nd Ramses III:
BRONZE AGE COLLAPSE!!!
Sea People Attacks weaken Egypt!
Ramses IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI
THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD 1077 BC
Dynasty 21
Lower Egypt is ruled by Pharaohs.
Upper Egypt is ruled by Priests.
Dynasty 22 overlaps With The Kingdoms Period of Israel and Judah.
33:47 Shoshenq I "Shishak"
34:42
Dynasty 23
Dynasty 24
35:15 Kushite Egypt, Egypt is a part of The Kushite Empire
Dynasty 25
36:16 Taharqua/Tirhakah
36:36
Dynasty 26 - Shift from 3rd Intermediate Period to Late Period.
Necho II killed King Josiah of Judah.
37:41 THE PERSIAN ACHAEMENID EMPIRE
Dynasty 27
Darius The Great The Persian ruler of Persia and Egypt
Xerxes The Great The Persian ruler of Persia and Egypt
Dynasty 28 (1 ruler can be considered a dynasty?)
Pharaoh Amyrtaeus
Dynasty 29 (2 rulers can be considered a dynasty? Doesn't it need like more than 2 rulers?)
Dynasty 30
39:15 PERSIAN RULERS OF EGYPT PART 2
Dynasty 31
39:25 ALEXANDER THE GREAT, THE MACEDONIAN/GREEK
39:55 The Ptolemaic Dynasty
Dynasty 32
END: Cleopatra and Marc Antony.
Appreciate you❤
Underrated comment.
I guess that's a way to understand the difference between Upper & Lower Egypt. More simply, the Nile flows from south to north, & Upper usually refers to being closer to the source, & Lower closer to the mouth or delta. Logically, most rivers, if not nearly all, flow from higher to lower elevations.
👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾
I admire your dedication to documenting the content in text, with time links. At an earlier age this is the sort of thing I might have done myself.
Egypt will always be my favorite ancient civilization
Just everything about them is so endlessly fascinating.
Ancient Mesopotamia I think is more fascinating
Not to mention that its the oldest country right after China and Iran.
thanks man
as an Egyptian, it makes me happy that people appreciate our civilization
@@CJMapping that one is my third and second is either ancient China or any of mesoAmerican or ancient North American civilizations like Cahokia or Clovis or Mayan
The continuity of the Ancient Egyptian world is mindblowing, when you think of all the civilizations that rose and fell around them during their run - even the Romans were in awe that Egypt was an empire of cities and temples when their founders were living in a few tiny villages and stealing cattle.
I believe current thought is that it was not Thutmose III that tried to erase Hatshepsut from memory, but could of been his son Amenhotep III. Hatshepsut was co-regent with Thutmose, towards the end of her reign and he was the head of the Egyptian military during the co-regency. His mortuary temple is directly adjacent to her mortuary temple in Dier el-Bahri. This is so far back in history that many theories have equal validity though, given lack of direct evidence.
That is one of the mistakes made in this video. Others are the that Aye ursuped the throne from Haremhab who had been Tutanchamun's heir at the time of the pharao's death. It is also speculated that his successors of the 19th dynasty erased all pharaoes from Echnaton upto Harmehab from the records. And it was forgotten to mention that Ramesses III was murdered by one of his sons in the so called harem conspiracy.
Amenhotep II, not III.
A graph on Sumerians and Akkadians would be great
Akkidans you mean they're real I thought they were wiped out long ago
@@thebandit0256 it’s called spell check
@@familypowergroup Well sorry for being R*tarded
iltam zumra rašupti illatem
@@deutschermichel5807 ossa lhama lakem
Ooh I'm excited for this one! Dynastic Egypt, for the staggering amount of time it existed, has always been a blind spot in my history knowledge
Why don't you make videos on this channel anymore
In my second-third year of highschool, I nearly memorized the genealogies of every dynasty, using songs and rhymes.
It was insane, and my contemporary history teacher was impressed, and suggested I apply for the international program (which was actually for elite and rather snobbish kids). I didn't want to do so, as I felt it didn't change anything to my success in life. Today, I am a PhD candidate and have won a competitive national prestigious scholarship, on my way to realize my childhood dream.
Morale of the story : memorize all of the ancient egyptian dynasties and don't get into useless programs.
Wow, that’s amazing. Good luck in your life!
@@Noah73827 Thank you mate ! UA-cam : the one opportunity to share life anecdotes.
Excellent - while Archeologist/Historian was my aim. somewhere I made a left turn and ended up with a Math & CompSci degree. It is my youngest who is the Historian/Museum Specialist in the family!
@@mlfett6307 Amazing ! Something similar happened to me, altought in an interdiscplinary level instead of a complete change. I went from aiming a specialization on speech and ideology analysis in Nazi Germany, using QGIS and geomatic method to show the influence of the propagation of nazi ideology. I went from that to specializing in human rights and humanitarianism in postcolonial nation-state building in northern africa. Quite the turn.
Now we won't stop until you quote at least one pharaoh song!
I'm imagining something like
I am the A-M-E-N-H-O-T-E-P, we are meant to be
a land on the Nile full o glory and style
but Hittites keep hitting us, dripping with bile
3000 years in 40 mins is simply incredible. Thank you for helping me practice my passion for history without going to school to become a historian. I use your videos to springboard into more research which I learn more knowledge. Your charts are easy to follow too. I also use your charts to study theology too
5000
The "great pyramid" in the picture is actually Khafre's pyramid. Unfortunately, this is a common mistake.
9:15
Indeed, Khufu's pyramid is the one missing its capstone.
I was about to write the same. Thanks for pointing this out
Yeah, came here to say this too.
Good catch!
Yep, same here. This mistake is made by almost anyone posting videos about the pyramids here. They always show the middle of the three, which is Khafre's. It looks taller as it stands on higher ground, but Khufu's Great Pyramid is taller.
Searched the comments hoping that someone would've pointed this out, you did not disappoint!
The fan-made chart seems to include many more niche fsmily trees as well; it would definitely make a great video
💯
03:35 the Nile flows north into the Mediterranean, not south. Small error, love your content. thx
What's hilarious is that they probably know that & still got it confused in writing the script. Source: the animation moves north as they explain it.
Came here to say that. Innocent mistake
My favourite fact about Ramesses II is that he was very prone to kind of overlaying names/inscriptions of his predecessors with his own. As a result his own hieroglyphic inscriptions are chiseled very deeply into the rock, so that no one could repeat this trick with his^^
(I would be careful with this reconstruction of Tutankhamun, though - I have heard a lot of egyptological screaming about that one. Apparently it exaggarates his disabilities quite a bit).
I think you nailed the narration in this video, it's very easy to follow and despite covering thousands of years it gives a good overview of Egypt's history.
This, literally, is all I watch now. I can't even watch regular TV anymore. Useful Chart videos. I bought most of the posters also! I'm going to buy them all. They hang in my tax office for all my clients to see. They are conversation pieces that''s for sure.
One thing I hate though, is when I post this link to social media, everyone thinks I'm promoting Blinkist instead of Useful Charts. Anyway to change that?
3:38 you say the Nile flows south, you meant to say it flows North
Exactly, thank you !
Congratulations on this outstanding, illuminating chart, which I respectfully call an amazing, thorough documentary. Most importantly, I must thank you so much for setting up this extremely complex historical production, comprising the entire Ancient Egyptian lineage from Dynasty-0 (of which I was beforehand unaware) through Cleopatra Selene II (70/69 BCE - 30 BCE), because until today I had been unsuccessfully attempting to establish an equivalent, comprehensive and relatively reliable list of Egyptian rulers over 3,000 years!!! BRAVO!
Ey, welcome to the club. It is a challenge isn't it heh.
Egyptian history is so fascinating.
I love lecturing on Ancient Egypt! Not only the family lines but how the geography of the region impacted the region. I have a video showing the earth at night, you can still see almost eveyone in Egypt lives near the Nile.
The photo you used for The Great Pyramid is actually the 2nd of the pyramids at Giza or Khafre's pyramid.
Khafre's pyramid can easily be identified by the remaining casing stones still visible at the top.
No you're wrong it's not the khafre's pyramid
No, it's right. The pyramid shown in the film is not Chufu's pyramid, but the pyramid of his son Chafre.
@@mattwilliams9466you are wrong its the khafr3 pyramid, its the 2 second pyramid. Dont argue im Egyptian and I visited it last month
You know, even after decades of studying ancient history, it just struck me that the "70 kings in 70 days" of the 7th Dynasty being a metaphor for chaos was very like the "Who was king? Who was not king?" in the Sumerian King list as the Akkadian Empire collapsed into chaos. And it also never struck me concerning the dates of both until Matt brought it up - the traditional date for the 7th Dynasty is 2181 BC and the Middle Chronology dates for the four kings that make up the chaos of the collapse of the Akkadian Empire are 2193 - 2189 BC. So... living in the first couple of decades of the 22nd century BC could not have been very fun...
Yep, it is right at the time of the 4.2 kilo year event if you want to research that.
Mantheo did over exaggerate the disorder of the kingdom however. Although yes the record is slim, we do have names for many rulers of the 7th and 8th Dynasties.
Ancient Egypt was around for so long they had not one but 3 dark ages.
Egyptians had 4 dark agesthe the last one from
525 BC to 1952 AC
I desperately want a pocket version of the Dynasty 1-18 (or 31) that is laminated to take along when I travel to Egypt next year that I could use as a handy reference.
As the video shows, alas we can't link them all together. The first time we have a connective link that lasts more than a Dynasty is the end of Dynasty 3 to Dynasty 6. The earlier we go, understandably the weaker our knowledge. But yeh, would be a fun resource to do
Enjoy Egypt! I went there after I fell in love with Ancient Egypt history, and the ruins and relics there are MIND BLOWING. And that's discounting all the stolen artifacts by many other countries to display in their museums.
Akhenaten was a monotheist, not a henotheist or monolatrist. That he initially allowed the temples for the traditional pantheon to operate does not mean that he believed in those gods, but that he needed the revenue from the temples. For him to have just closed all the temples at the start of his reign would also have probably caused a civil war, or at least prompted non Atenist nomarchs and other lords to stage a coup. Too complicated a topic for UA-cam comments though.
Yeah, kind of shocking to see him get this in error. Ahken-aten was a monotheist.
Small correction. The picture shown as the great pyramid of Giza is actually khafre's. Not khufu's.
Next episode: “Who would be Pharaoh today” 😅
Now That would probably be pretty hard to make. Going back thousands of years would leave like possibly thousands of not millions of people as descendants.
Since none of the children of the last native Egyptian pharaoh Nectanebo II were recorded, none of the children of the last Achaemenid pharaoh Darius III had any known offspring, and Cleopatra’s children all either died or disappeared into history, there is no answer there. There is no provable or known heir to the title
For those looking for a more in-depth look at how the dynasties of Egypt worked and the kings within them, I would recommend History with Cy's "Ancient Egypt: Dynasty by Dynasty" video series -> playlist?list=PLUx8354UG5yy4JiAs1I23s5cLtnfDs0pN
Currently the series goes to the start of the New Kingdom with plans to eventually cover all the way up to the rise of the Ptolemies. One of the episodes even gives a shoutout to Useful Charts in the intro!
23:26 Clarification: Canaan was under Egyptian dominion during the New Kingdom (though this dominion waned by the time of Merenptah and ended completely during the 20th dynasty), but wasn’t part of Egypt in the same way that the modern governorates are part of Egypt.
last week I watched your latest video on biblical figures and when it came to Egyptian Pharaohs who lived at the same time as Moses, I thought it would be great if you published a comprehensive video about Egyptian Pharaohs, I am very glad that you accept suggestion through thoughts as well. like your channel very much. :)
You have a real gift for conveying knowledge. Your videos - like your posters - are always so clear, concise and easy to follow. If all teachers followed your methods (ie talk to your students/viewers/listeners, etc as if we have no prior knowledge of the subject BUT do so in a non-patronising, easy-to-follow manner) then education would become far more interesting and pleasurable. Thank you for all your hard work and dedication - it is appreciated enormously!
Sorry to say, @ 9:14 is a photo of the Kafre pyramid, not Khufu.
When I was in second grade, we had a lot of lessons about ancient Egypt.
At the end, we had to write a paragraph about why we wanted to visit Egypt.
As I was going through a contrarian phase, I refused. I didn't want to go to Egypt. I negotiated with the teacher who eventually let me write a paragraph about why I didn't want to go.
I don't know if I still have it, but I remember it went something along the lines of "I already live in Texas. I know what our summers are like. Egypt is a desert that gets even hotter. I don't want to have to deal with even worse heat just so I can see some big triangles and dead people."
Of course, I now actually think Egypt is pretty neat. I knew it back then too but was just being stubborn.
Such a great video! I know this must've taken so much work. But, so happy to have watched it! I love learning history and this channel is just so great for that!
Outstanding work! Excellent coverage of such a lenghty and complex period of history. Congratulations. I learnend a lot..
I'm so glad you do charts. Because, many people put out videos and don't know how to make the connection.
9:16 just pointing out a mistake
the pyramid shown in the picture is the pyramid of Khafre not the Great Pyramid
regardless, great video man, keep it up
36:00 most likely Egyptian look like Egyptian considering they are genetically mostly still same people
Minor correction at 3:36 - the Nile flows north not south
When you mentioned the Great Pyramid, you showed the picture of a different pyramid (Khafre's).
Matt, that was spectacular. Well done.
Hoped for a long time you would publish a video about Pharaohs, I'm so happy as ancient Egypt is my favorite old civilization by far
Hi, Matt hope your doing well in these disturbing times right now. I learn so much from watching your Useful Charts. It's like a history class. TY
In high school all my friends made fun of me because I was the only one of the bunch who loved history class. Especially ancient Egypt. :) Still do. Great video!
Omg! I literally asked if you could do a video on this few weeks ago! Thanks for posting this.
Love that side by side of what I thought with Egyptian and biblical history.
It's quite interesting that Nectanebo II was the last native egyptian to rule Egypt until Gamal Abdel Nasser in the 50s
would love an Akkadian family tree video too! this one was sooo great, I love very ancient history! keep it up!!!
Very good Mat! Well done! Just in time that i am cheking Manetho`s scripts! Thanks!
So impressive. And your pronunciation-game is amazing!
Channel UsefulChats (England) and ASISI Channel (Indonesia) are two of the best channels on the UA-cam channel right now. Studying History based on Literacy Facts and Archaeologists.
LET'S GOOOOOOO! Been waiting for this one since I started following the channel years ago.
Excellent work dear.
Love it when I think in time with the narration; Was thinking "That's pretty cool" about Iry Hor right as Matt said it.
I’ve been hooked since I saw the Tut exhibit in La brea around 1978 or so…
Excellent work i loved this.
Nice!! Looking forward to this 🗺️
loved it, hope to see more!
20:30 I hadn't read that story about the hippos, but I've read some other ancient Egyptian literature; the idea of someone getting a letter that reads 'We can't sleep because your hippos are making _so much noise_ that we can hear it hundreds of kilometres away' seems pretty well in line with the sense of humour I've seen in those others. Extra points if other documents elsewhere imply that 'your hippos are making noise' is also some sort of rude innuendo or ridiculous pun.
LOL 🦛🦛
Wouldn't it be interesting to have little icons beside each pharaoh to designate if their pyramid / tomb was found (triangle / square), or if their remains were found (circle)..?
Great video.
Just a minor correction: The Nile flows North.
This is one of the best channels on youtube 👏🏽👏🏽
This is a blessing
Kudos for attempting the genealogIies of Ancient Kemet. They're family lines that are VERY unclear.
Thanks for this i love your content keep it up man ❤
Absolutely love history (and geography) and have done so since my schooldays....outstanding work! 👍🏻👌🏼👏🏻
I have yet to finish the video, but something else of note about Pepi II is that it was calculated to be likely during his reign that the comet Hale-Bopp was last at Perihelion (point closest to the sun) before it's famous next appearance 4000 years later during 1997.
I don't remember the source sorry to say but I've read before that a record from that time was found of what the egyptians referred to as a "long haired star" which could've been a reference to the comet.
3:05: That's (Probably) Wrong...
The Earliest Written Name of a Person is actually the _Kushim_ Tablet, an Akkadian Tablet where this _Kushim_ provides 14.712 litres of Barley to his officials, the Tablet is Signed by Him
The Iry-Hor scripture is dated around the 32nd Century BC (3200 BC) while the _Kushim_ Tablet is dated around 3400 - 3000 BC
So, depending on when you believe _Kushim_ signed his tablet, the Iry-Hor scripture could either be the first know Written Name in History or possibly the Second.
the step pyramid was a stack up of a mastaba which is what the kings of the two previous dynasties were buried in.
Can't wait to watch this later!
Would it be possible to do an Sumerian/Akkadian royal family tree? It would be a true Iltam Zumra Rashupti Elatim moment.
UGARIIIIIIIIIIIIT
Iltam sumra rashupti elatim
UDA REEEEEEEEEAAA
Best part is that, this picture( 9:19 ) isn’t Khufu’s pyramid. That’s Khafre’s Pyramid.
It's crazy to think about how long Egypt has been around. Like the Romans view Ancient Egypt the same way we view the Romans. That's the timescale were working on. Crazy.
I watched your video, made notes, made a bunch of charts explaining the political directoons, believe, innoventions etc etc etc...for my FANTASY story. I could have just made everything up in my comic, but NO, IT NEEDED TO BE ACCURATE. I may hate myself for hyperfocussing, but your video was god damn perfect info delivery!
Amazing video!
Bravo for all the research. Even bigger respect for being able to pronounce the long names.
The only person who makes me understand history. Thank you!
This was brilliant!
I wanna start by saying that I love your videos, and have probably seen 90% of your dynasty videos. I'm a fan, sincerely. However, I have a few sincere problems with the framing of the information presented in the video. With hope, I can with clarity provide and address what I see to be errors of framing, or potentially unrecognised biases/assumptions.
I should continue by clarifying that I am not an Egyptologist or Nubiologist; neither am I an archaeologist. I am a hobbyist who studies under a hobbyist, albeit one who has been studying for decades. He streams on UA-cam under the channel "Smash Rockwell"; the opinions I'm about to express are NOT his (to my knowledge). They are mine, as developed from the information gleaned from his podcasts. When he expresses an opinion on his programme, whether or not it is in conformity with mainstream Egyptology/Nubiology, he provides the source material or the PhD analysis/assertion to buttress his claim.
/All that to say, if there is any error of analysis in this comment, the fault is mine, not his./
The grammar of the Amenhotep 3/MerenPtah stele does not support the claim of Israel being on that stele, to my hobbyist eye. It seems much more likely to say Sryia, not least because of the presence of the logogrammic stroke beneath the "r" being claimed as the "L" in "Ysiriar/Israel". This would change the final "r" to a mouth. The pattern of mouth, throwstick, people group repeats throughout the text in reference to other people groups. Ironically, the only other place in the text where translators seem to ignore the logogrammic stroke under the mouth is in the place name "Gezer", where the final "r" is in reality a mouth, and where the translators seem inexplicably to have replaced the "a"s in the text with "e"s. Finally, the Egyptians' more commonly known name for "Syria" immediately succeeds mention of "Ysiriar", and, to my eye at least, appears to refer first to a people, then to a geographic area. Thus, this would in fact be the first mention of "Syria", rather than "Israel", in history.
I first encountered the information above, save my expressed opinion, on Smash Rockwell/Casual's livestream, and it remains the only place I have encountered this information. He retains all claims and rights to his find as intellectual property or in any (and every applicable) other form.
"Hyksos" are not a people; it is a transliteration into Greek of a singular noun, HqA xAswt (Heqa Khasut, we can Egyptologically pronounce it), which is a ruler of foreign lands. It is not a demonym or an ethnonym, or a plural noun.
Finally, and not really most importantly, but certainly expressed with the greatest confusion, you associated the DNA studies done to date with modern "Middle Eastern" folk without (to my mind) the necessary caveat that these studies were done in Lower Egypt, in later periods, and do not address the founding populations of the society. It would have been less alarming if it had stood alone; however, you immediately pivoted to showing Fayum portraits which you openly assert are post-Roman, but which you additionally claim should give one and idea of "what some of the pharaohs probably looked like, too".
This may not, in fact, be untrue (/some/ of the pharaohs), but it seems woefully hollow as a description of 3000 years of cultural development, especially coming as late to the game as the Romans have. It /may/ lead a member of the audience to gather that throughout the course of that 3000 year history, nsw btyw and "citizens" of the Empires/Kingdoms would on average look like those Fayum portraits.
I'm inclined to agree with the assertion that exporting 21st century race politics two to five thousand years in the past is a foolhardy endeavour; I also think it is at least equally as foolhardy to champion the portraits you showed as representative of average Kemetic representation of themselves.
That's it; hope the message is received in the spirit I meant it. Thanks for another video.
Thank you for this. Looking forward to reading it!
I have heard, Alexander and his son being called Dynasty 32, the Ptolomies being 33 and the roman emperors being we have being referred to as pharaos being 35.
Although not heard the part for the Roman Emperors, this is not an atypical thought process, so well said.
Yes, you will sometimes get Alexander the Great and his son as the 32nd, the Ptolemies as the 33rd and the Principate Roman Emperors as 34th Dynasties. That's a rare thing, however.
Some Coptic Egyptian sources also add a "35th Dynasty" referencing the Christian Emperors of the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire that controlled Egypt up to the Muslim conquest, however no Christian Emperor was ever called "Pharaoh" by the native population of the time.
@@gordontaylor2815 i‘ve just noticed i somehow counted 32,33,35
@@gordontaylor2815 precisely. As I imagine you are aware, Maximinus II Daza was the last titled Per A'a/Pharaoh
"...the way that the Nile River flows, which is south" - wait...
Oops!
Great video!!!! Amazing all the time and effort that went into this. I thought Pharoahs were called nesut-bity originally.
Hard to say. As Km.t originally was a dual Kingdom state, the pre states were Nesu/Nesut. Then they became Nesut-Biti/Bity. Nesut is interpretable to mean King (of Lower Egypt), and so Nesut-Biti is interpretable to mean Dual King/King of the Two Lands
What are you doing Step-Pyramind?
Pls do video about family tree of kings of Gondor. Many people who didnt read the books have absolutely no idea why Aragorn had claim to the throne of Gondor and why Gondor did not have a king in the first place
This i support 💯❕ would love to see the Gondorian family tree!!
Love your videos.🎉😊
Very very thanks!.
The Nile flows south? Got it. Well done.
Awesome video, a lot to cover
Everyone else need to watch these like 7 - 10+ times in order to grasp it all
Like I gota take notes
You misspoke… the Nile flows north. Otherwise great stuff as always.
Missed pun at the endwith that “and was never resurrected” (40:28) cause the reason the successor of Daza, Licinius, never adopted the title of pharaoh is that he thought that, you know, someone else had recently (couple hundred years before) resurrected, and dropped the office for the association with the traditional egyptian religion
Great work as usual!
To be precise in a boring way, Ozymandias is the Greek adaptation not of the name "Ramesses" itself, but of his second regnal name/title "Usermaatre".
Isaac Asimov, in his book "Familiar Poems Annotated," discusses Shelley's poem 'Ozymandias', and notes that one of Ramesses II's honorific names was User-ma-Ra. The difference between 'ma' and 'maat'/'Maat' is probably not so important, because the goddess Maat has a final '-t' due to it being a feminine ending added to the root word 'maa', which means "right, just, true, in proportion" (etc.), Maat being the goddess representative of that concept.
I'm of the opinion that Egyptian names like 'Usermaatre' would be better spelt User-Maat-Re, as such a spelling shows how the one name is comprised of three separate 'root'-names. Am I the only one who thinks this is preferable? One could do this with other foreign names from ancient times, such as Bel-Shar-Ushur instead of Belshazzar, or Nabu-Kudurri-Usur instead of Nebuchadrezzar (mistakenly spelled Nebuchadnezzar). Even a Greek name like Alexander could better be spelled Alex-Andros or AlexAndros ['Helper of Man'], so as to make it easier for a student of history to get a sense of the meaning of a famous name to his/her contemporaries. The emperor Caligula -- or, CaligUla -- means "little boots" [caliga = boot; + -ula = diminutive], for example.
Just a thought/suggestion.
@@patricktilton5377 I go back and forth with my preference for the spelling of ancient names, but it seems that that style of spelling personal names has won out in ancient Sumerian and Akkadian names, but less so in Egyptian for some reason.
I think the reason that the author spelled the word "ma" rather than "maat" is to reflect that in Middle Egyptian, final -t was being pronounced as a voiceless glottal stop /ʔ/, which is often imperceptible to those who aren't conditioned to notice it, and so perhaps he thought this would give the reader a better understanding of how the name was Hellenized into Ozymandias.
These are, of course, the "Egyptological" (i.e., less accurate but more convenient for non-Afroasiatic-language-speaking folks to pronounce) transliterations. However, a more accurate transliteration to what is known about the language now (see Ancient Egyptian Phonology by James Allen, published by Cambridge University Press in 2020) for "Usermaatre" would be something more like Wasir-Muʾʿat-Rīʿ or Wasirmuʾʿatrīʿ. At least that's how it would be in the Old Egyptian stage of the language, when pronunciation most closely matched the spelling. However, as the language innovated, words were being pronounced differently but spelled the same, and so how one transliterates a word comes down to whether you want to be truer to the spelling or to the pronunciation.
@@patricktilton5377I totally agree!
Thank you! I wanted to know more about ozymandias and that Percy Shelley poem!
Well Done 👏🏽
As far as I have heard, outside of the conspiracy theories, there is actually some serious discussion, if Khaffre really built the sphinx, or, if it was built a few centuries earlier, based of erosion patterns differing from the ones of the pyramid.
This is brilliant chart long overdue😁! Thanks so much!. I haven’t checked have you done Babylonian rulers? If not please consider it. Thanks for your great work.
Hi Matt. Finally brushing up on my Near Eastern ancient history and thought i would start with your work as a primer. I'm tired of the ancient historians looking at me thinking "jeez, you modernists dont understand antiquity at all!"
I never clicked this fast on a video!