Just finished reading "Japanese Destoyer Captain" about Tameichi Hara. In the book he talks about the tactics and technology advances by the U.S. Navy in the Solomons. The two things that seem to weigh on him the most was radar and skip bombing. He relates his admiration for the U.S.'s superior radar, both surface search and fire control, which the Imperial Japanese Navy was trying to implement but only partially succeeded at during the last stages of the war. Skip bombing also caused him a lot of sleepless nights because suddenly medium bombers were now hitting surface ships with deadly accuracy. During the last two years of the war he was also very critical of the IJN supreme command for its lack of creative decision making.
The "radar gap" also played out in the US submarine effort. Few convoy escorts had radar, while for most of the war all US subs had SJ surface search radars. It made end arounds possible, to overtake a convoy and position for attack while staying out of visible range; and it made night surface attacks very effective.
Lack of long range strategic planning was mostly due to the fact that the Japanese didn't expect a long term/protracted war. 6 months, a year, 18 months at the most and the Western allies (USA, England, Australia, French, Dutch) would sue for peace. Admiral Yamamoto even said "If we go to war I will run wild, winning victory after victory, for the first 6 months to 12 months. If the war continues after that I have no expectations for success." He had no illusions about the difference in industrial manufacturing capacity between Japan and the Allied forces, America especially. Given the circumstances at the time, the "Europe First" policy, etc. can't really fault them for not being prepared in the long-term. But it cost them the war for sure.
I read that one too a couple of months back. I recommend it to anyone with an interest in the subject. It is well written, detailed and to the point, and adds an extra layer to WW2 podcasts involving Japanese destroyers.
Hi, guys. Brit here. MANY years ago I read all the volumes of Morrison's "History of US Naval Operations in WW2". Those volumes are no longer available to me, but your videos are a more than adequate substitute. I have already purchased several books mentioned by you and your guests, which bring up to date, and add to, the knowledge I obtained from Morrison. You may be surprised that someone from across The Pond would be interested in Pacific operations, but I find fascinating the naval engagements, particularly those around the Solomon Islands. Rest assured, however, that I soak up all your presentations eagerly, and fully appreciate the effort and preparation that you lavish on them (having given similar types of presentation myself). Please accept my congratulations on your sterling efforts, which are truly a wonderful gift to those of us who have no access to some of the primary sources that you bring to the table. Bon Voyage !
Many fine and deserved comments on this great channel. I was wondering, why do you think we, “across the pond” as you aptly put it, would not have an interest in the historical events of the Pacific War?
@@parrot849 If you read my words carefully, you will note that I did not say we would not have an interest, but that US citizens might be surprised that we do. It was not a major theatre of British naval operations, as it was for the USA.
Welcome aboard, Graham. I don't think it odd that you would be fascinated with the Pacific campaign, as this Yank has had a life-long interest in British naval history. I only have one, very small quibble. SEM (Samuel Eliot Morison) has only one L and one R in his names. Perhaps you would notice if I referred to Nelson with two esses, but perhaps not, as long as I called him to tea.
@@kevinrussell1144 Fair point, Kevin. I automatically used the original British (Scottish) spelling of those names, which has the double letters. I know that American spelling tends not to use double consonants as much.
Found you guys yesterday. I love your work. You gained my subscription. I study military history on my own. My degree is in communications. My passion is military history. Im researching to write a book about the USS TWIGGS. I want to use 90% of the proceeds to help fund a business that rescues homeless veterans. I live in Washington DC.
Hi guys, enjoyed the episode as always. Note about the order sent to Burke prior to Cape St. George: it was written by Halsey's chief of staff, Capt. Harry Thurber. Halsey was in Australia at the time. The "31-knot' reference was actually a slight dig sent Burke's way by Thurber. Basically, Burke's squadron was long overdue for maintenance, and the ships performances were reduced because of it. For some time, Burke would notify HQ he was proceding to station or assignment at 30 knots, the best speed USS Spence could make with its beat up power plant. Burke was considering not bringing Spence along to Cape St. George because of that. Burke asked Spence's skipper what speed his ship might make if it's plant was cross-connected. He was told, "31 knots." When Burke told Thurber he could proceed at 31 knots, Thurber was amused that with the prospect of battle, Burke had managed to find a way to wring an extra knot of speed out of his worn down ships. Thus, Thurber replied to him using the name "31-knot" Burke. (Check Potter's bio of Burke for more specifics) The funny thing, of course, the press picked up on it and thought it was a great name for "dashing destroyer commander steaming his ships into battle at high speed," not realizing either Thurber's intent, or the fact the Fletchers were rated for 35 knots (or better) when in top shape.
Thanks for more insight. Modern firetube Boilers lose 15 % efficiency after 6 months online . 1940s OIL fired boilers would be worse. The hull drag after 6 months in the salt will also knock at least 3 or 4 kts on a destroyers top speed as well. You make a great point.
@@richardbennett1856 I didn't realize the dop off was that dramatic. I understand marine growth on the hull was also a bigger issue in warm tropical waters
Cheers shipmates! I had the honor and privilege of meeting ADM Burke as a U.S. Naval Sea Cadet color guard commander at a Navy League event in Annapolis sometime in 90 or 91 (?). I went on to serve onboard a Burke class DDG in the Northern Arabian Gulf as a QM2 with a USCG LEDET in 97 performing VBSS during the Iraqi oil embargo. Haze gray and underway! Thoroughly enjoy every episode CAPT Toti sir and Seth, maintain course and speed!
My grandfather was with the NZ 3rd Div on Vella Lavella. He rarely talked about his experiences, but I do remember he once spoke of carrying a short fused handgrenade so he wouldn't be captured. Another comment was that he thought no one talked about NZ forces in the Pacific and at the time, he was right. Thank you for talking about Vella Lavella, I know in his measured way he would have been impressed.
I am a recent subscriber to this channel from the UK and you guys are creating some amazing content! The Brits have some great naval historians on UA-cam and you are definitely in that pantheon. The TV discovery channels trail in your wake and will never get anywhere near your level of detail!
What a naval history the Brits have tho! And what a tradition of aggressive leadership and fearless sailors! Pre-WWII US naval history is a mere footnote when compared to yours.
I just read Capt. Hara’s account of this battle from the Japanese perspective. I’m glad you guys are covering these smaller New Guinea actions. I’m learning a lot of information I’ve not heard or read yet from your podcast.
Bill, I was a senior in HS, in physics class, when we got word of Pres. Kennedy's assassination that Fri afternoon. The ironic thing was that the movie PT 109 was opening at our local theater that night and I had plans to go see it. Everything, in the US Canal Zone shut down for the next three days for obvious reasons so it was almost a week before the movie was shown. While the movie was good there was hardly a dry eye in the theater and several people had to leave before it ended. It took another 5 years before I saw it again on TV here in the States that I realized how much of the story I had missed because of thoughts of the recent events when I had first seen it.
Incredible work with this show! I have read, watched, and listened to innumerable accounts and histories from this theatre of the war and yet you guys still manage to offer new information and perspectives.
Seth, Bill, effectively you have hit your stride. Clear and engaging material. And with your guests, your work places us both in the decision and resultant action stages at every major engagement - alot to hear and know. Personal stories add so much richness. Definitely a treasure. Great work, good luck guys !!!
Woo Hoo!!!! Must be Tuesday morning!!!!! Seth and Captain Bill are on!!!! Edit: Just got started watching and already a book recommendation....you guys are sending me to the poor house! But this recommendation sounds like it will be worth going...thanks....//
Another episode which promises to be as excellent as all previous instances. I think many people on here realise the amount of time and pre-work that goes into these videos, I am sure I can speak on behalf of many viewers on here in expressing my gratitude for your hard work, which provides us all with valuable insights and data points on these crucial wartime events. Needless to say, for my part the subscribe button has long been hit, as is the like button for each episode.
What most people don’t realize is a 33 knot battleship, a 36 knot destroyer and a 40 pt boat might have very similar top speeds in real life. Higher seas slow down smaller craft more than larger ones.
Outstanding show on the destroyer battles in the Solomons. Y’all need a whole show on the Type 93 oxygen fueled torpedo. The US did know much until the war was over. The IJN never called it the Long Lance, that was coined by Sam Morrison in his USN history. These shows are the greatest ever in the world.
President Truman was a battery captain of 105mm artillery in WWI who forced his command to fire their remaining rounds before allowing their withdrawal during a major German assault. He didn't pass the buck. He stood fast with 45 in hand and did his duty.
Hey Seth and Bill, I just wanted to thank you guys for all the hard work you put into your episodes! While my dad wasn't in the big battles down in the Solomon's he certainly was down there patrolling aboard the USS Norton Sound, which was a converted seaplane tender. I know, not really sexy but solid. So when you mention names like Savo Island or Iron Bottom Sound or the Eastern Solomons or any of those areas down there it reminds me of listening to my dad talk about his times down in the Solomons. I've got some carved mahogany figurines that my dad gave me and one that's larger of a native looking over a pond that's an ashtray. It's really cool and on the bottom my dad wrote Solomon Islands 1943! Your show really helps me to reconnect with my dad and understand what he went through and where he was down there. Thank you so much.🙏🇺🇲⚓️💯👌
from the bottom of my heart, with tears in my eyes I thank you❤ it means everything to me because my dad passed away young at 67 in 1996. Not a day goes by that I don't miss him.🇺🇲⚓️💯👍☕️🚬
Once again, this show is the highlight of my viewing pleasure. I loved the stories about Arleigh Burke since we don't often get to hear the details about the great heroes who made such a huge impact during the war.
To add two politicians to your "they served" tally -- LBJ was ordered home and back to Congress by Roosevelt, but did get overseas time. And, of course, Harry Truman who saw more actual combat time then all of his successors combine.
As CaptIn Bill said, this is the last surface battle victory for the Japanese, it is also nearly the last time they hit with a long lance. I believe there was only one more hit on the west side of Leyte in late 1944.
Appreciate your unbiased and even handed balanced reporting of these sometimes (usually always) confusing naval engagements. Places me into the thought process of “what would I have done in similar circumstances “. Keep up the good work guys.
God bless Arleigh Burke, JFK, and all of the other naval heroes and sailors who bravely placed themselves in harm's way during WW2! God bless all the courageous veterans with nerves of steel who risked everything and sacrificed so much to protect our countries and preserve the freedoms we enjoy today! God bless all the souls - military and civilian - that we have lost in times of war! God bless America! God bless us all and grant us peace!
You guys are such complementary talents. The sum of the parts exceed the individual components. I hope you don't have dark secrets that if I knew, I would regret my admiration. Secrets are okay, deep dark secrets not so much.
Another great Torpedo Tuesday. Thanks for the book recommendation, Hero's in the Shadows. I am a big reader of African American military history. Texas has a rich AA military history going back to the Buffalo Soldiers. It must have been frustrating for the destroyer skippers since they had finally been unleashed and were perfecting their tactics only for the japanese to stop coming out and participating. Becomes a barge hunting war. Also saved a lot of lives of those destroyers. Skipper Toti, thanks for your map work. One of my favorite things when reading history books is to have Google Earth open so I can see the places. The South Pacific is difficult but if you look long enough you can usually find an old airstrip or structures. I find a lot of the names used in the books are hard to find, but in a lot of cases it's just spelled radically different. A lot of names staring with Mb or Ng. Again thanks for the hard work on these videos.
Great episode. One thing I found interesting from this time frame many of the congressmen and senators who were in the military whether Republican or Democrat knew how to compromise because they all had been in the war. They all shared in this experience.
Great discussion. Really appreciated the part on JFK. As is the case for anyone old enough to know what happened on November 22, 1963, I remember exactly where I was (in school) when it was announced that the President had been shot and killed. IMHO, this was the greatest single tragedy to affect the country in the last 60 years. Had he not been killed, he almost certainly would have been re-elected, and the course of history would likely have been very different. He was not a perfect person by any means (none of us are), but he was clear sighted, thoughtful, and mindful of the awesome responsibilities of the office of President of the United States, both domestically and internationally. As you point out, he could have easily got a cushy desk job in DC or Honolulu to serve out the war, but chose to volunteer for frontline duty, and acquitted himself with honor. It is also worth noting that his older brother, Joseph Kennedy, Jr., who their father actually hoped and intended would one day be President, himself served in the Army Air Corps in England. He was killed when the plane he was piloting exploded in air on a secret, and frankly somewhat cockamamy mission over the English Channel, but that's another story. Of course, his younger brother Bobby, too young to serve in WWII, was also killed when running for President in an election that he also would almost certainly have won. So this one family gave three sons in service to the country. Not many families have made this level of sacrifice. No going overseas to avoid the draft. No bone spurs. Just service to the country.
Thanks Seth and Bill for a most interesting episode. Arleigh Burke of course has a class of DDs named after him and richly deserved. The Slot was a bad place. Very revealing how the US Navy rebuilt and built itself to become so powerful. Thank you both.
A stink was raised after the 109 incident. It became known that the engines for 109 were in "neutral." So when the DD was spotted there was not enough time to engage each engine into forward gear. The engines had to be manned by a MM down below. Think Tinker Bell from McHales Navy. Therefore a memo went out that while on station in a combat area, PT boats will be left in gear without throttle. BTW the last survivor of 109 died just days before 911. And the xo Thom died in 1946 in Ravenna , OHIO being hit by a train of all things.
@@jeffreymcfadden9403 Yeah, sorry Jeffrey. Five minutes after I wrote that, I realised that it can, as it has done in several automatic cars that I have owned ! I was thinking narrowly about manual transmission, but automatics can indeed be in "drive" and idling until throttle is applied. 🤭
Thanks promoting the untold stories of the African-American sailors. You are true historians bringing like yo unseen and hidden stories- thanks so much 🫡
Another great episode! Funnily enough, the first time I read of the Battle of Vella LaVella was in R. Cameron Cooke's "Sink the Shigure" Even though it was a fictional story, he framed the start of the story with the battle.
JFK was not awarded the Navy Cross but rather for his courage and leadership, Kennedy was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, and injuries suffered during the incident also qualified him for a Purple Heart. Ensign Leonard Thom also received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal. His brother Joe was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously in the European Theater.
Gentlemen…I have found a few UA-cam programs over the years which were sweet discoveries. But when I ran across your podcast…there were two thoughts. 1. What an amazing show the two of you put on…and I tip my hat to John and your other guests…I can’t tell you how many times a lousy day at work was saved on the ride home by listening to one of your podcasts. I can’t thank you enough for the hours of pleasure I have rec’d and I enjoy the amusing back and forth as yourselves and guests try to make their points as each tries to tell their favorite parts of the story. The best was Seth for episode 123…he was lit up like a Christmas tree. It was infectious. 2. I read ‘Incredible Victory’ by Walter Lord in the 2nd grade. My sister and I had college level reading levels in the 4th grade. Don’t be jealous…until my growth spurt in the 10th grade, I waS routinely bullied for being a 4 eyed nerd. But reading that book opened up a huge chapter in my life…the War with Japan. I don’t think I read anything about the Germans until the 4th or 5th grade. I gradually evened out my WW2 knowledge base and was in school, years later, as a history and psych major. I wanted to teach college history and also get my psych masters in order to be a guidance councilor. Instead, I wound up getting my future wife pregnant on our second date (what’s the saying about plans?) and working as an EMT was not going to pay the bills. As a good Catholic I put a ring on it and was accepted into my hospital’s nursing program, getting my Diploma RN degree in 1990 and spending the next 30 years working two full time jobs. I tried going back to complete my history degree but if you have kids, you know the drill. Limited resources have to be put to best use. My question…will there be a show dedicated to the medical/nursing aspect of the war? The social changes for thousands of young women, Diploma School RNs, sent all over the planet…far from home. My wife is a FNP-DNP and she listens to your podcast and has developed a late life love of American history and she loves your show….like two very smart guys talking at the bar, is her succinct description. I’m sure you have quite a few women in your audience. Of course, women worked in a myriad of jobs in civilian life and took over many non-combatant positions in all of the services, freeing up men for the front lines. But it would make for a very interesting episode, focusing on the medics, corpsmen, nurses and doctors who put their lives on the line to save others. Nurses flying into Iwo Jima under Japanese fire and loading up a plane with 20-25 seriously wounded men and one RN and one Corpsman to care for and keep them all alive for the ten hour flight to Guam? Stuff like that. I run a NYC psych ER at night and the kids are long gone. So if you needed any research done for a podcast of this type, I would gladly put it together for youse guys. The least I can do in partial payback for the many hours I have spent listening to what is my favorite podcast. Thank you. Christopher Pabst, Sr., RN-BC
Thanks for this Chris. Means a lot to us. We will consider your suggested story, but at the moment have more episodes in the queue than we have time....
Back in the day ,when my dad was in 56 to 74 ish. He had a j.f.k. for president sticker on the back of the Falcone. Mom saw that. And scraped it off her car ... I love that story
About a month ago I discovered your channel. My father served on the SS 259 Jack during WW2. We are originally from Hattiesburg just up the road from Camp Shelby. Great channel I really enjoy your work. SEMPER FI.
PT 105 is a great first hand account, told with considerable humor by that boat's skipper. He crossed paths with JFK during the Solomons campaign. They were also saddled with MK. VIII's early in the war. A WW1 era weapon no one else in the Navy wanted.
building on a base of Ian Toll's trilogy (Awesome set), these matcless weekly episodes flesh out the understanding of the Pacific War. Absolutely terrific series and the recent addition of visuals makes them even more fundamental to understanding.
Thank you, I hope to follow your channel for future commentary and review. My father sailed on the USS Maddox (WW2) and the stories he told of the ship's action were heroic. Thank you for your service and dedication
Once again, Thanks for including the maps! It really helps the viewer orient him or herself as it relates to the battle. Both of you are doing a great thing here. You are truly "saving" these stories for posterity, and giving young viewers some insight about those who fought for and won freedom from oppression... not only for the U.S., but for the world.
I mostly listen to the podcasts at work on my graveyard shift but miss the visuals Bill puts together. Needed to come here to this one to see what you were showing Bill. And it didn't disappoint. Thanks for all you and Seth do week in and week out. Always enjoy your weekly shows and your guests.
Your series has caused to start re-reading my Pacific Theater books to follow along. I'm halfway through a book on the New Georgia campaign as you broadcast.
Good morning, great show!!!!, good to hear you guys, really enjoy the content, captain Bill, thanks for the info on the book, and a point on Gerald Ford serving in the navy during the war, he was aboard the Monterey and almost got washed overboard during typhoon cobra.
I know a fair bit about the PT109 story. Some criticise Kennedy because they believe that grandpa Joe wanted John in a glamorous PT boat to further John's career. Others say he was irresponsible by sitting in Blackett Strait idling when he should have been more alert. The boys didn't mention that phosphoresence was created when PT boats moved on dark nights in the tropics and it stood out like neon lights to japanese destroyers coming down the slot. Kennedy was amazingly brave, he swam out into Blackett Strait at night several times to try and attract the attention of PT boats. There are sharks and barracuda and jelly fish out there. And thank goodness for Australian and NZ coastwatchers who risked certain torture and death to save American boys. There is a sad postscript to all this. When Kennedy was inaugurated as President he invited the men who paddled the canoes to washington. They actually got to an airport when colonial authorities denied them permission to board. More recently Kennedy's daughter has visited the Solomons as US Ambassador to Australia and travelled to the island locations and met the descendants of the wonderful men who rescued the PT 109 crew.
Hey Seth and Bill. Great video again. There's a story about John Kennedy on how he ended up in SWP on a PT Boat. His Father got tired of his "duet gymnastics" in DC and asked for him to be sent somewhere to keep him out of trouble. But he didn't try to get out of it and he did prove that he had a pair of big brass ones. Jerry Ford was on USS Monterey CVL-29, and was almost washed overboard during Typhoon Cobra. Richard Nixon was a Navy Lieutenant working at SCAT during 43-44 in the Solomons. So that makes 3 future Presidents that went into danger and 1 that went close, sort of.
Johnson was navy too, and hitched a ride on a multi- engine. Plane, the particulars escape me as I haven't read the book in years, I believe that was in a two ocean war by Morrison. It seemed to have come under fire, but I don't know much else what he did.
To note PT-109 had 3 engines. SOP was to idle on only the center engine to reduce noise and save fuel. Even if he goosed it it would have only 1/3rd power until the other 2 engines were started. If that DD was going at flank speed it would have covered 300 yards in about 6 seconds.
Excellent show as always guys. Recommend putting the story of PT-109 in the episode description to increase traffic to the channel. Keep up the great work!
Geez Vella LaVella was same old song again--masterful job of bringing those two damaged destroyers to port! Arleigh Burke sounds like he was related to Bull Halsey. Brilliant move to zig zag to avoid the torpedo spread. No doubt Kennedy deserved the Navy Cross. Thanks Seth and Bill for another entertaining program!!
Shout out to Captain Toti for recognizing black sailors on the USS Indianapolis. Black people did their part in WWII as well and for many years their contributions were swept under the rug.
Good program, as always. A couple of quibbles: Seth keeps mentioning the Navy Cross. Kennedy did not receive the Navy Cross; instead, he was awarded the Navy & Marine Corps Medal for saving life at the risk of his own. Not the same thing. Also, Gerald Ford served with some distinction aboard USS Monterey, and of course Dwight Eisenhower had, ahem, a rather distinguished military career.
His Commendation , I believe is considered between a silver star and Navy Cross . In the book Run Silent run Deep the skipper receives MOH for a similar life saving feat .Historical Fiction of course ! Great presentation as usual !
Thanks, guys for bringing up these under-appreciated actions. It's also interesting to remember that at about the same time as the small ship actions were occurring, the "Big Blue Fleet" with carriers, BB's, and all manner of support craft were invading Tarawa and conducting carrier strikes around the Central Pacific. By the way, the Fletcher class, as built, carried 10 torpedo tubes (2 quintuple). To my readings, the USN did not carry reloads on their DDs (correct me if I have this wrong). Later in the war and ost-WW2 period, many Fletchers deleted the forward tubes (between the stacks) for better AAA mounts.
Liked ✓ Subscribed ✓ Binge watched from start ✓ So many (audio)books to get to, I'm still on Jeffery R. Cox Dark Waters Starry Skies. Seth is super fantastic; Captain Toti mad mad mad mad respect and admiration! "About 31 knots"... ROFLMAO! 😄
Two of my Dad's fought in WWII. One served in the ETO and was at the Battle of the Bulge. He lived and went on to a career in the Army, retiring as a Master Seargent. The other one disappeared over Bougainville. The last anyone heard of him he was holding his plane steady so the crew could safely bail out.
Hard to like this so I won't, but losing my Gramps over Germany long before I was born makes me wish YT had a "sympathetic" button. We share your loss, many of us.
Great Work! Slowly going through each episode. With regard to Presidents that saw WW2 combat, I think you can add Gerald Ford, who I believe earned a silver star on board an escort carrier.
Just finished reading "Japanese Destoyer Captain" about Tameichi Hara. In the book he talks about the tactics and technology advances by the U.S. Navy in the Solomons. The two things that seem to weigh on him the most was radar and skip bombing. He relates his admiration for the U.S.'s superior radar, both surface search and fire control, which the Imperial Japanese Navy was trying to implement but only partially succeeded at during the last stages of the war. Skip bombing also caused him a lot of sleepless nights because suddenly medium bombers were now hitting surface ships with deadly accuracy. During the last two years of the war he was also very critical of the IJN supreme command for its lack of creative decision making.
The "radar gap" also played out in the US submarine effort. Few convoy escorts had radar, while for most of the war all US subs had SJ surface search radars. It made end arounds possible, to overtake a convoy and position for attack while staying out of visible range; and it made night surface attacks very effective.
A unique perspective from the Japanese side. Amazing he survived, being that he saw so much action.
@@jovianmole1🎉😢mi.i9ij8io
V😅😅🎉🎉7😅8
Lack of long range strategic planning was mostly due to the fact that the Japanese didn't expect a long term/protracted war. 6 months, a year, 18 months at the most and the Western allies (USA, England, Australia, French, Dutch) would sue for peace. Admiral Yamamoto even said "If we go to war I will run wild, winning victory after victory, for the first 6 months to 12 months. If the war continues after that I have no expectations for success." He had no illusions about the difference in industrial manufacturing capacity between Japan and the Allied forces, America especially. Given the circumstances at the time, the "Europe First" policy, etc. can't really fault them for not being prepared in the long-term. But it cost them the war for sure.
I read that one too a couple of months back. I recommend it to anyone with an interest in the subject. It is well written, detailed and to the point, and adds an extra layer to WW2 podcasts involving Japanese destroyers.
Hi, guys. Brit here. MANY years ago I read all the volumes of Morrison's "History of US Naval Operations in WW2". Those volumes are no longer available to me, but your videos are a more than adequate substitute. I have already purchased several books mentioned by you and your guests, which bring up to date, and add to, the knowledge I obtained from Morrison. You may be surprised that someone from across The Pond would be interested in Pacific operations, but I find fascinating the naval engagements, particularly those around the Solomon Islands. Rest assured, however, that I soak up all your presentations eagerly, and fully appreciate the effort and preparation that you lavish on them (having given similar types of presentation myself). Please accept my congratulations on your sterling efforts, which are truly a wonderful gift to those of us who have no access to some of the primary sources that you bring to the table. Bon Voyage !
Thank you and welcome aboard!
Many fine and deserved comments on this great channel.
I was wondering, why do you think we, “across the pond” as you aptly put it, would not have an interest in the historical events of the Pacific War?
@@parrot849 If you read my words carefully, you will note that I did not say we would not have an interest, but that US citizens might be surprised that we do. It was not a major theatre of British naval operations, as it was for the USA.
Welcome aboard, Graham. I don't think it odd that you would be fascinated with the Pacific campaign, as this Yank has had a life-long interest in British naval history. I only have one, very small quibble. SEM (Samuel Eliot Morison) has only one L and one R in his names. Perhaps you would notice if I referred to Nelson with two esses, but perhaps not, as long as I called him to tea.
@@kevinrussell1144 Fair point, Kevin. I automatically used the original British (Scottish) spelling of those names, which has the double letters. I know that American spelling tends not to use double consonants as much.
Found you guys yesterday. I love your work. You gained my subscription. I study military history on my own. My degree is in communications. My passion is military history. Im researching to write a book about the USS TWIGGS. I want to use 90% of the proceeds to help fund a business that rescues homeless veterans. I live in Washington DC.
so good...im hooked...
Hi guys, enjoyed the episode as always. Note about the order sent to Burke prior to Cape St. George: it was written by Halsey's chief of staff, Capt. Harry Thurber. Halsey was in Australia at the time. The "31-knot' reference was actually a slight dig sent Burke's way by Thurber. Basically, Burke's squadron was long overdue for maintenance, and the ships performances were reduced because of it. For some time, Burke would notify HQ he was proceding to station or assignment at 30 knots, the best speed USS Spence could make with its beat up power plant. Burke was considering not bringing Spence along to Cape St. George because of that. Burke asked Spence's skipper what speed his ship might make if it's plant was cross-connected. He was told, "31 knots." When Burke told Thurber he could proceed at 31 knots, Thurber was amused that with the prospect of battle, Burke had managed to find a way to wring an extra knot of speed out of his worn down ships. Thus, Thurber replied to him using the name "31-knot" Burke. (Check Potter's bio of Burke for more specifics) The funny thing, of course, the press picked up on it and thought it was a great name for "dashing destroyer commander steaming his ships into battle at high speed," not realizing either Thurber's intent, or the fact the Fletchers were rated for 35 knots (or better) when in top shape.
Thanks for more insight. Modern firetube Boilers lose 15 % efficiency after 6 months online .
1940s OIL fired boilers would be worse.
The hull drag after 6 months in the salt will also knock at least 3 or 4 kts on a destroyers top speed as well.
You make a great point.
@@richardbennett1856 I didn't realize the dop off was that dramatic. I understand marine growth on the hull was also a bigger issue in warm tropical waters
Cheers shipmates! I had the honor and privilege of meeting ADM Burke as a U.S. Naval Sea Cadet color guard commander at a Navy League event in Annapolis sometime in 90 or 91 (?). I went on to serve onboard a Burke class DDG in the Northern Arabian Gulf as a QM2 with a USCG LEDET in 97 performing VBSS during the Iraqi oil embargo. Haze gray and underway! Thoroughly enjoy every episode CAPT Toti sir and Seth, maintain course and speed!
My grandfather was with the NZ 3rd Div on Vella Lavella.
He rarely talked about his experiences, but I do remember he once spoke of carrying a short fused handgrenade so he wouldn't be captured.
Another comment was that he thought no one talked about NZ forces in the Pacific and at the time, he was right.
Thank you for talking about Vella Lavella, I know in his measured way he would have been impressed.
I am a recent subscriber to this channel from the UK and you guys are creating some amazing content! The Brits have some great naval historians on UA-cam and you are definitely in that pantheon. The TV discovery channels trail in your wake and will never get anywhere near your level of detail!
What a naval history the Brits have tho! And what a tradition of aggressive leadership and fearless sailors! Pre-WWII US naval history is a mere footnote when compared to yours.
I just read Capt. Hara’s account of this battle from the Japanese perspective. I’m glad you guys are covering these smaller New Guinea actions. I’m learning a lot of information I’ve not heard or read yet from your podcast.
Bill, I was a senior in HS, in physics class, when we got word of Pres. Kennedy's assassination that Fri afternoon. The ironic thing was that the movie PT 109 was opening at our local theater that night and I had plans to go see it. Everything, in the US Canal Zone shut down for the next three days for obvious reasons so it was almost a week before the movie was shown. While the movie was good there was hardly a dry eye in the theater and several people had to leave before it ended. It took another 5 years before I saw it again on TV here in the States that I realized how much of the story I had missed because of thoughts of the recent events when I had first seen it.
Incredible work with this show! I have read, watched, and listened to innumerable accounts and histories from this theatre of the war and yet you guys still manage to offer new information and perspectives.
So well said!
So glad you guys are taking the time to do this it remains a great show every week.
Seth, Bill, effectively you have hit your stride.
Clear and engaging material. And with your guests, your work places us both in the decision and resultant action stages at every major engagement - alot to hear and know.
Personal stories add so much richness.
Definitely a treasure.
Great work, good luck guys !!!
Woo Hoo!!!! Must be Tuesday morning!!!!! Seth and Captain Bill are on!!!! Edit: Just got started watching and already a book recommendation....you guys are sending me to the poor house! But this recommendation sounds like it will be worth going...thanks....//
Another episode which promises to be as excellent as all previous instances.
I think many people on here realise the amount of time and pre-work that goes into these videos, I am sure I can speak on behalf of many viewers on here in expressing my gratitude for your hard work, which provides us all with valuable insights and data points on these crucial wartime events.
Needless to say, for my part the subscribe button has long been hit, as is the like button for each episode.
I've been waiting for Arleigh Burke's action in Solomons
What most people don’t realize is a 33 knot battleship, a 36 knot destroyer and a 40 pt boat might have very similar top speeds in real life. Higher seas slow down smaller craft more than larger ones.
"This is the final japanese naval victory of the war!"
Hey! Watch it with the spoilers! :P
Outstanding show on the destroyer battles in the Solomons. Y’all need a whole show on the Type 93 oxygen fueled torpedo. The US did know much until the war was over. The IJN never called it the Long Lance, that was coined by Sam Morrison in his USN history. These shows are the greatest ever in the world.
President Truman was a battery captain of 105mm artillery in WWI who forced his command to fire their remaining rounds before allowing their withdrawal during a major German assault. He didn't pass the buck. He stood fast with 45 in hand and did his duty.
Hey Seth and Bill, I just wanted to thank you guys for all the hard work you put into your episodes! While my dad wasn't in the big battles down in the Solomon's he certainly was down there patrolling aboard the USS Norton Sound, which was a converted seaplane tender. I know, not really sexy but solid. So when you mention names like Savo Island or Iron Bottom Sound or the Eastern Solomons or any of those areas down there it reminds me of listening to my dad talk about his times down in the Solomons. I've got some carved mahogany figurines that my dad gave me and one that's larger of a native looking over a pond that's an ashtray. It's really cool and on the bottom my dad wrote Solomon Islands 1943! Your show really helps me to reconnect with my dad and understand what he went through and where he was down there. Thank you so much.🙏🇺🇲⚓️💯👌
That’s awesome. We are honored to help remember your dad through our talks.
from the bottom of my heart, with tears in my eyes I thank you❤ it means everything to me because my dad passed away young at 67 in 1996. Not a day goes by that I don't miss him.🇺🇲⚓️💯👍☕️🚬
Excellent podcast gentlemen
Once again, this show is the highlight of my viewing pleasure. I loved the stories about Arleigh Burke since we don't often get to hear the details about the great heroes who made such a huge impact during the war.
Good morning Mr. Paridon & Capt. Toti, I love your videos, I have subscribed & rang your all bell, months ago.
Thank you guys for another AWESOME video. Appreciate your hard work.
Great episode. The stories of Arleigh Burke and JFK are compelling. The maps really help illustrate the engagements. Thanks so much for your efforts.
Thanks for a new episode. I love getting them at the end of my day.
To add two politicians to your "they served" tally -- LBJ was ordered home and back to Congress by Roosevelt, but did get overseas time. And, of course, Harry Truman who saw more actual combat time then all of his successors combine.
As CaptIn Bill said, this is the last surface battle victory for the Japanese, it is also nearly the last time they hit with a long lance. I believe there was only one more hit on the west side of Leyte in late 1944.
Appreciate your unbiased and even handed balanced reporting of these sometimes (usually always) confusing naval engagements. Places me into the thought process of “what would I have done in similar circumstances “. Keep up the good work guys.
God bless Arleigh Burke, JFK, and all of the other naval heroes and sailors who bravely placed themselves in harm's way during WW2! God bless all the courageous veterans with nerves of steel who risked everything and sacrificed so much to protect our countries and preserve the freedoms we enjoy today! God bless all the souls - military and civilian - that we have lost in times of war! God bless America! God bless us all and grant us peace!
You guys are such complementary talents. The sum of the parts exceed the individual components. I hope you don't have dark secrets that if I knew, I would regret my admiration. Secrets are okay, deep dark secrets not so much.
One of your best episodes, gentlemen. Your discussion about leaders and flaws at the end choked me up.
Outstanding.
Thank you again Seth and Bill ... great detail.
Another great chapter, Gentlemen. Thanks.
Excellent series from guys who know their stuff
Another great presentation. I for one have been to sea in 50 footers. At night with no moon, its not dark, its BLACK! GO NAVY!
Another great Torpedo Tuesday. Thanks for the book recommendation, Hero's in the Shadows. I am a big reader of African American military history. Texas has a rich AA military history going back to the Buffalo Soldiers.
It must have been frustrating for the destroyer skippers since they had finally been unleashed and were perfecting their tactics only for the japanese to stop coming out and participating. Becomes a barge hunting war. Also saved a lot of lives of those destroyers.
Skipper Toti, thanks for your map work. One of my favorite things when reading history books is to have Google Earth open so I can see the places. The South Pacific is difficult but if you look long enough you can usually find an old airstrip or structures. I find a lot of the names used in the books are hard to find, but in a lot of cases it's just spelled radically different. A lot of names staring with Mb or Ng.
Again thanks for the hard work on these videos.
You have become must watch tv in my household. Awesome job as always.
Great episode. One thing I found interesting from this time frame many of the congressmen and senators who were in the military whether Republican or Democrat knew how to compromise because they all had been in the war. They all shared in this experience.
Great discussion. Really appreciated the part on JFK. As is the case for anyone old enough to know what happened on November 22, 1963, I remember exactly where I was (in school) when it was announced that the President had been shot and killed. IMHO, this was the greatest single tragedy to affect the country in the last 60 years. Had he not been killed, he almost certainly would have been re-elected, and the course of history would likely have been very different. He was not a perfect person by any means (none of us are), but he was clear sighted, thoughtful, and mindful of the awesome responsibilities of the office of President of the United States, both domestically and internationally. As you point out, he could have easily got a cushy desk job in DC or Honolulu to serve out the war, but chose to volunteer for frontline duty, and acquitted himself with honor. It is also worth noting that his older brother, Joseph Kennedy, Jr., who their father actually hoped and intended would one day be President, himself served in the Army Air Corps in England. He was killed when the plane he was piloting exploded in air on a secret, and frankly somewhat cockamamy mission over the English Channel, but that's another story. Of course, his younger brother Bobby, too young to serve in WWII, was also killed when running for President in an election that he also would almost certainly have won. So this one family gave three sons in service to the country. Not many families have made this level of sacrifice. No going overseas to avoid the draft. No bone spurs. Just service to the country.
Great presentation and insights as usual. I look forward to Tuesday's
I was wondering when someone would come to Bill Totey for comment on the Titan loss. Newsnation stepped up. Nice comments Bill.
Thanks Seth and Bill for a most interesting episode. Arleigh Burke of course has a class of DDs named after him and richly deserved. The Slot was a bad place. Very revealing how the US Navy rebuilt and built itself to become so powerful. Thank you both.
A stink was raised after the 109 incident. It became known that the engines for 109 were in "neutral." So when the DD was spotted there was not enough time to engage each engine into forward gear. The engines had to be manned by a MM down below. Think Tinker Bell from McHales Navy.
Therefore a memo went out that while on station in a combat area, PT boats will be left in gear without throttle.
BTW the last survivor of 109 died just days before 911. And the xo Thom died in 1946 in Ravenna , OHIO being hit by a train of all things.
😮😢😮😢😮😢
Interesting. Is it possible to have an engine idling in gear without stalling ?
@@grahamtravers4522 Thats the story I heard...
@@jeffreymcfadden9403 Yeah, sorry Jeffrey. Five minutes after I wrote that, I realised that it can, as it has done in several automatic cars that I have owned ! I was thinking narrowly about manual transmission, but automatics can indeed be in "drive" and idling until throttle is applied. 🤭
The territory covered in this episode makes it one of the best.
Thanks promoting the untold stories of the African-American sailors.
You are true historians bringing like yo unseen and hidden stories- thanks so much 🫡
You guys really do your homework, I love your stories
Another great episode!
Funnily enough, the first time I read of the Battle of Vella LaVella was in R. Cameron Cooke's "Sink the Shigure"
Even though it was a fictional story, he framed the start of the story with the battle.
Excellent presentation. Serving on the PT Boats, Destroyers ...or any Navel vessel in Solomons would present so many dangers.
JFK was not awarded the Navy Cross but rather for his courage and leadership, Kennedy was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, and injuries suffered during the incident also qualified him for a Purple Heart. Ensign Leonard Thom also received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal. His brother Joe was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously in the European Theater.
Great stuff. Looked hard for that old name before finding it.
Re-listening as there is so much info I find I need to run through a couple of time. Fantastic as usual. Love the maps.
Gentlemen…I have found a few UA-cam programs over the years which were sweet discoveries. But when I ran across your podcast…there were two thoughts.
1. What an amazing show the two of you put on…and I tip my hat to John and your other guests…I can’t tell you how many times a lousy day at work was saved on the ride home by listening to one of your podcasts. I can’t thank you enough for the hours of pleasure I have rec’d and I enjoy the amusing back and forth as yourselves and guests try to make their points as each tries to tell their favorite parts of the story. The best was Seth for episode 123…he was lit up like a Christmas tree. It was infectious.
2. I read ‘Incredible Victory’ by Walter Lord in the 2nd grade. My sister and I had college level reading levels in the 4th grade. Don’t be jealous…until my growth spurt in the 10th grade, I waS routinely bullied for being a 4 eyed nerd. But reading that book opened up a huge chapter in my life…the War with Japan. I don’t think I read anything about the Germans until the 4th or 5th grade. I gradually evened out my WW2 knowledge base and was in school, years later, as a history and psych major. I wanted to teach college history and also get my psych masters in order to be a guidance councilor.
Instead, I wound up getting my future wife pregnant on our second date (what’s the saying about plans?) and working as an EMT was not going to pay the bills. As a good Catholic I put a ring on it and was accepted into my hospital’s nursing program, getting my Diploma RN degree in 1990 and spending the next 30 years working two full time jobs. I tried going back to complete my history degree but if you have kids, you know the drill. Limited resources have to be put to best use.
My question…will there be a show dedicated to the medical/nursing aspect of the war? The social changes for thousands of young women, Diploma School RNs, sent all over the planet…far from home. My wife is a FNP-DNP and she listens to your podcast and has developed a late life love of American history and she loves your show….like two very smart guys talking at the bar, is her succinct description. I’m sure you have quite a few women in your audience. Of course, women worked in a myriad of jobs in civilian life and took over many non-combatant positions in all of the services, freeing up men for the front lines.
But it would make for a very interesting episode, focusing on the medics, corpsmen, nurses and doctors who put their lives on the line to save others.
Nurses flying into Iwo Jima under Japanese fire and loading up a plane with 20-25 seriously wounded men and one RN and one Corpsman to care for and keep them all alive for the ten hour flight to Guam?
Stuff like that.
I run a NYC psych ER at night and the kids are long gone. So if you needed any research done for a podcast of this type, I would gladly put it together for youse guys. The least I can do in partial payback for the many hours I have spent listening to what is my favorite podcast.
Thank you.
Christopher Pabst, Sr., RN-BC
Thanks for this Chris. Means a lot to us. We will consider your suggested story, but at the moment have more episodes in the queue than we have time....
Back in the day ,when my dad was in 56 to 74 ish. He had a j.f.k. for president sticker on the back of the Falcone. Mom saw that. And scraped it off her car ... I love that story
About a month ago I discovered your channel. My father served on the SS 259 Jack during WW2. We are originally from Hattiesburg just up the road from Camp Shelby. Great channel I really enjoy your work. SEMPER FI.
PT 105 is a great first hand account, told with considerable humor by that boat's skipper. He crossed paths with JFK during the Solomons campaign. They were also saddled with MK. VIII's early in the war. A WW1 era weapon no one else in the Navy wanted.
building on a base of Ian Toll's trilogy (Awesome set), these matcless weekly episodes flesh out the understanding of the Pacific War. Absolutely terrific series and the recent addition of visuals makes them even more fundamental to understanding.
Thank you,
I hope to follow your channel for future commentary and review.
My father sailed on the USS Maddox (WW2) and the stories he told of the ship's action were heroic.
Thank you for your service and dedication
Another excellent episode about engagement I knew very little about. You guys are a real treasure. I loved the Burke. Haksey exchange.
Thanks! I was also 5 living at Myrtle Beach AFB.
Another outstanding episode guys .
Excellent job, gentleman. The two contrasting DD actions and the Kennedy and crew saga were great topics, well covered. BZ
Thank y’all for another great job guys! I was excited to see a new video! Thanks again!
Tks put it on my list!
Once again, Thanks for including the maps! It really helps the viewer orient him or herself as it relates to the battle. Both of you are doing a great thing here. You are truly "saving" these stories for posterity, and giving young viewers some insight about those who fought for and won freedom from oppression... not only for the U.S., but for the world.
I mostly listen to the podcasts at work on my graveyard shift but miss the visuals Bill puts together. Needed to come here to this one to see what you were showing Bill. And it didn't disappoint. Thanks for all you and Seth do week in and week out. Always enjoy your weekly shows and your guests.
Your series has caused to start re-reading my Pacific Theater books to follow along. I'm halfway through a book on the New Georgia campaign as you broadcast.
Cap'n Bill's maps are great!
Good morning, great show!!!!, good to hear you guys, really enjoy the content, captain Bill, thanks for the info on the book, and a point on Gerald Ford serving in the navy during the war, he was aboard the Monterey and almost got washed overboard during typhoon cobra.
I know a fair bit about the PT109 story. Some criticise Kennedy because they believe that grandpa Joe wanted John in a glamorous PT boat to further John's career.
Others say he was irresponsible by sitting in Blackett Strait idling when he should have been more alert. The boys didn't mention that phosphoresence was created when PT boats moved on dark nights in the tropics and it stood out like neon lights to japanese destroyers coming down the slot. Kennedy was amazingly brave, he swam out into Blackett Strait at night several times to try and attract the attention of PT boats. There are sharks and barracuda and jelly fish out there. And thank goodness for Australian and NZ coastwatchers who risked certain torture and death to save American boys.
There is a sad postscript to all this. When Kennedy was inaugurated as President he invited the men who paddled the canoes to washington. They actually got to an airport when colonial authorities denied them permission to board. More recently Kennedy's daughter has visited the Solomons as US Ambassador to Australia and travelled to the island locations and met the descendants of the wonderful men who rescued the PT 109 crew.
Hey Seth and Bill. Great video again. There's a story about John Kennedy on how he ended up in SWP on a PT Boat. His Father got tired of his "duet gymnastics" in DC and asked for him to be sent somewhere to keep him out of trouble. But he didn't try to get out of it and he did prove that he had a pair of big brass ones.
Jerry Ford was on USS Monterey CVL-29, and was almost washed overboard during Typhoon Cobra.
Richard Nixon was a Navy Lieutenant working at SCAT during 43-44 in the Solomons.
So that makes 3 future Presidents that went into danger and 1 that went close, sort of.
Johnson was navy too, and hitched a ride on a multi- engine. Plane, the particulars escape me as I haven't read the book in years, I believe that was in a two ocean war by Morrison. It seemed to have come under fire, but I don't know much else what he did.
Don't forget George Bush Sr was flying an Avenger as well.
Ronald Reagan was making pilot training videos for the AAF
To note PT-109 had 3 engines. SOP was to idle on only the center engine to reduce noise and save fuel. Even if he goosed it it would have only 1/3rd power until the other 2 engines were started.
If that DD was going at flank speed it would have covered 300 yards in about 6 seconds.
Excellent show as always guys. Recommend putting the story of PT-109 in the episode description to increase traffic to the channel. Keep up the great work!
Geez Vella LaVella was same old song again--masterful job of bringing those two damaged destroyers to port! Arleigh Burke sounds like he was related to Bull Halsey. Brilliant move to zig zag to avoid the torpedo spread. No doubt Kennedy deserved the Navy Cross. Thanks Seth and Bill for another entertaining program!!
Campaign is all spic and span now (cleaned up). Well done and an interesting episode. Lots of stories I had never heard before. Thanks
Enjoyed it all! Thanks for setting the record STRAIGHT on JFK and PT 109.
Shout out to Captain Toti for recognizing black sailors on the USS Indianapolis. Black people did their part in WWII as well and for many years their contributions were swept under the rug.
Seth and Bill, you are a weekly highlight. Thank you so much, once again.
You've enabled me to add several books to my library.
As always I enjoyed the episode
Good program, as always. A couple of quibbles: Seth keeps mentioning the Navy Cross. Kennedy did not receive the Navy Cross; instead, he was awarded the Navy & Marine Corps Medal for saving life at the risk of his own. Not the same thing. Also, Gerald Ford served with some distinction aboard USS Monterey, and of course Dwight Eisenhower had, ahem, a rather distinguished military career.
You are 100% correct. That was my mess-up.
His Commendation , I believe is considered between a silver star and Navy Cross . In the book Run Silent run Deep the skipper receives MOH for a similar life saving feat .Historical Fiction of course ! Great presentation as usual !
It's above Bronze Star , just looked it up
Wuz hamburglars 'n sheeit.
Thank you so much. Love this
Final surface victory of WWII FOR THE IJN? Holy crap red rider!
GREAT EPISODE AGAIN GUYS👍
Once again another excellent presentation.....keep up the great work fellas.
My only complaint is that I have to wait a week for the next episode. Great job guys! 👍 👍
Thanks, guys for bringing up these under-appreciated actions. It's also interesting to remember that at about the same time as the small ship actions were occurring, the "Big Blue Fleet" with carriers, BB's, and all manner of support craft were invading Tarawa and conducting carrier strikes around the Central Pacific. By the way, the Fletcher class, as built, carried 10 torpedo tubes (2 quintuple). To my readings, the USN did not carry reloads on their DDs (correct me if I have this wrong). Later in the war and ost-WW2 period, many Fletchers deleted the forward tubes (between the stacks) for better AAA mounts.
Amazing historical content.
Thank you for another great episode.
Thanks!
Thank you gentlemen.
丁寧で的を得た翻訳 ありがとうございます。
Great show gentlemen.
It is so great to be able to watch you present this information as well as hear it. Thanks so much for all of your work on this series.
Kennedy’s older brother was lost in action flying for the Army Air Force.
You guys have something special here. Keep it up!
Interesting point: he was in the USN, flying the Liberator on anti-sub patrols. Then he joins an AAF suicide mission-like operation.
Liked ✓
Subscribed ✓
Binge watched from start ✓
So many (audio)books to get to, I'm still on Jeffery R. Cox Dark Waters Starry Skies. Seth is super fantastic; Captain Toti mad mad mad mad respect and admiration! "About 31 knots"... ROFLMAO! 😄
Captain Toti, you did Halsey with such authority!
Two of my Dad's fought in WWII. One served in the ETO and was at the Battle of the Bulge. He lived and went on to a career in the Army, retiring as a Master Seargent. The other one disappeared over Bougainville. The last anyone heard of him he was holding his plane steady so the crew could safely bail out.
Hard to like this so I won't, but losing my Gramps over Germany long before I was born makes me wish YT had a "sympathetic" button. We share your loss, many of us.
Thank-You
IJN Shigure was a charmed warship for quite a long time.
Excellent, as usual. Thank you
Another amazing episode, and the use of maps turns an A+ lecture into A++!!Thanks!!
Great Work! Slowly going through each episode. With regard to Presidents that saw WW2 combat, I think you can add Gerald Ford, who I believe earned a silver star on board an escort carrier.
Great episode. Thanks!