How to follow time restricted feeding to fight diabetes and obesity? “ - Ft. Dr. Satchin Panda

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  • Опубліковано 14 лис 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 289

  • @muhammadfarooq5695
    @muhammadfarooq5695 2 роки тому +139

    By this time restricted eating
    My HbA1c came down 13.9 to 5.9
    Insulin stopped , high blood pressure medicine stopped
    One medicine that I m taking is metformin but it is dropped from 2000mg to 1000mg

    • @shihabumer5455
      @shihabumer5455 2 роки тому +4

      Thats great. What about weight and waist circumference?

    • @selvaranivenugopal9165
      @selvaranivenugopal9165 2 роки тому +1

      How many weeks of time restricted diet you were able to stop your BP medicine ?
      Ty

    • @saravanank2416
      @saravanank2416 2 роки тому +4

      Good news Farooq , have a good Circadian day 👍

    • @muhammadfarooq5695
      @muhammadfarooq5695 2 роки тому +7

      @@selvaranivenugopal9165
      During four months gradually reduced n fifth month completely

    • @muhammadfarooq5695
      @muhammadfarooq5695 2 роки тому +1

      @@saravanank2416Thank you 🌹

  • @sunandarangarajan4901
    @sunandarangarajan4901 9 місяців тому +7

    For a doctor to have this amount of commitment to community and a social responsibility towards humanity- is so lovely. Thank you for spending so much time on creating awareness on health and gut.

  • @kyphilip
    @kyphilip 9 місяців тому

    Thank you, Dr. Pal for doing this excellent episode with Dr. Panda. This is a goldmine of scientific knowledge backed by research, and we are privileged to hear it straight from the doctor who actually did the research.

  • @dhanurekha6978
    @dhanurekha6978 2 роки тому +59

    LESSONS LEARNT - 1.KEEP A BOTTLE OF WATER TO MAKE YOU FEEL THIRSTY AND NOT HUNGRY. 2.HAVE A GOOD DAY AND A PERFECT CIRCADIAN RHYTHM !!! WHAT A WONDERFUL WAY TO SIGN OFF THE INTERMITTENT FASTING POPULATION!! DR SATCHIN IS A WONDERFUL TEACHER, HIS EXAMPLES ARE AMAZING ! THANK YOU DR.PAL.

  • @saravanank2416
    @saravanank2416 2 роки тому +18

    Sir, this is really a fantastic session with Dr.Panda , answered many questions with patience , never can get this kind of crisp answers from experts directly… Thanks a lot

  • @Lee.b190
    @Lee.b190 2 роки тому +8

    Dr pal your video 6 months ago started my journey on IF and along with people like Dr panda I have learnt so much and I am 60lbs lighter thanks to people like you 🙏

  • @deepanarasimhan8594
    @deepanarasimhan8594 2 роки тому +14

    Thank you Dr.Pal and Dr.Satchin. What a humorous and very engaging talk!
    I have been doing TRF for 2 months now, but didn't see a significant weight loss, yet I had a good feel of my body. The male female mice example really motivated me to continue Time Restricted Feeding.

  • @harshkhanna3140
    @harshkhanna3140 11 місяців тому +1

    Thanks a ton Dr. Pal for having invited Dr.Panda. His insightful information is incredible .His examples are outstanding.

  • @jayasree2678
    @jayasree2678 11 місяців тому +5

    After following sunrise and sunset method I have reduced 10 kgs weight in 3.5 months. I haven't changed much in food. But started counting my celerio intake.
    Dr pal you are the best

  • @mohamedazharuddinm1128
    @mohamedazharuddinm1128 2 роки тому +12

    This is one of the best videos I watched ever in UA-cam, the explanation and the way it got delivered is so precise. Dr. Pal, I’m a big fan of you. Thank you Doctors.

  • @alexi2460
    @alexi2460 4 дні тому

    Doctor Panda, the king. I like Dr. Amen and Dr. Fong also

  • @dharshb4474
    @dharshb4474 2 роки тому +6

    I'm so glad you are practising this kind of medicine Dr. Pal... functional medicine !

  • @NS-815
    @NS-815 Рік тому +5

    Its amazing to see how both the drs are so humble 🙌

  • @dhananjoysaha7420
    @dhananjoysaha7420 13 днів тому

    Sir excellent conversation between you and Dr Panda.

  • @sumansam9139
    @sumansam9139 2 роки тому +11

    Great effort Dr Pal in getting Dr Sachin Panda 👏 very helpful and informative discussion. Thank you for asking a lot of common questions we do have. Much appreciated 🙏

  • @adi_u
    @adi_u Рік тому +1

    Dr. Satchin Panda is a legend. Thanks for your eye opening research!

  • @kamalakarthik3028
    @kamalakarthik3028 2 роки тому +38

    This was such a great session .Dr Satchin is always a powerhouse of knowledge .Dr Pal can you please do a video on Indian meal plan for a day for TRE especially giving us some ideas on what to break a fast with ?? Please note Saravanakumar was missed today :)

    • @DrPal
      @DrPal  2 роки тому +10

      Sure will do soon

    • @Saranya303
      @Saranya303 2 роки тому +4

      Also for children on the Indian food so that they get rightthe required nutrition overall

    • @kamalakarthik3028
      @kamalakarthik3028 2 роки тому +2

      @@DrPal thanks doc

    • @vanajasriram5698
      @vanajasriram5698 8 місяців тому

      Dr pal how can we personally contact you.

  • @subishkumar5464
    @subishkumar5464 2 роки тому +3

    Invaluable things and message shared by Dr. Panda...You have opened my eyes towards good health.. thanks so much..🙏🙏

  • @alkagangdev
    @alkagangdev 8 місяців тому

    I am a bhms dr..this diet industry needs dr like u to guide people on right track..

  • @gaurimshirke
    @gaurimshirke 2 роки тому +4

    What a fantastic insightful interview, I very recently came across Dr.Satchin Pandas work and I definitely know it works because he doesn't look 50! 😀 I start my TRE journey from today and will update here from time to time.

    • @HeyDudee
      @HeyDudee Рік тому +1

      Any update ?

    • @roseleenezackariyas6257
      @roseleenezackariyas6257 9 місяців тому +1

      any update?

    • @gaurimshirke
      @gaurimshirke 9 місяців тому

      Sorry guys I couldn't continue for more than 15-20 days. The social pressure was just too much.

  • @Pk-yl3le
    @Pk-yl3le 2 роки тому +1

    Sir you are awesome to bring Dr.Satchin and feeling grateful for Dr.Satchin time.

  • @publichealthwellness8984
    @publichealthwellness8984 2 роки тому +6

    I appreciate you Dr. Pal for practicing functional medicine. You are going to be the Dr.Jason Fung of India one day.Keep going

  • @mitasengupta8616
    @mitasengupta8616 9 місяців тому

    Such an inspiring and motivational discussion. I am on insulin, will certainly try to follow this restricted eating window. Watching from Bahrain.

  • @dr.s.suganthi9317
    @dr.s.suganthi9317 2 роки тому +4

    Excellent Dr. Thanks to both of you Doctors. I am advising my patients to follow time restricted feeding. And they are getting good results.

  • @lalithasamant7667
    @lalithasamant7667 2 роки тому +5

    Great conversation on time restricted eating and Circadian rhythm. Thanks for clarifying the soubts that popup when we start following. Keep up the good work🙏

    • @DrPal
      @DrPal  2 роки тому

      Glad it was helpful!

  • @organic-delicacies3352
    @organic-delicacies3352 2 роки тому +9

    Thanks for an amazing discussion Dr. Pal and Dr.Satchit.
    I am persistent with Time restricted feeding even though my weight and waist circumference has not come down. I am doing a 16 -8, but I will be persistent...

    • @welcometothejungle4504
      @welcometothejungle4504 Рік тому +1

      What is the present update sir? Have u reduced?

    • @rsv1503
      @rsv1503 10 місяців тому

      any positive update now?

    • @sumagowda3425
      @sumagowda3425 7 місяців тому

      Check to make sure your dinner is light and not very heavy as it takes 3 to 4 hrs to digest heavy meal.

  • @jeanzelmaantaofernandes1475
    @jeanzelmaantaofernandes1475 7 місяців тому

    Well srlected and framed questions by Dr pal and precise and well explained answers by Dr satchin

  • @arti232005
    @arti232005 2 роки тому +1

    One of the best secession I ever heard on health

  • @poppytimes1049
    @poppytimes1049 Рік тому +1

    Dr pal sir.
    I am dr gobi Kannan from perambalur Tamil Nadu.
    I am a big fan of your priority on health and the way you present the matter.
    Hava a circadian day.
    God bless

  • @tapaswininayak9826
    @tapaswininayak9826 Рік тому +2

    Perhaps it is the first youtube video.. which I have seen without skipping a bit..
    And thank you Dr Panda and Dr Pal.. for so nicely explanation. Dedicating so much time for us.
    These questions were always running in mind.. but thanks to you.. you have resolved all those questions.
    Thanks to God .. I came across it.

  • @girishd5075
    @girishd5075 10 місяців тому

    Awesome session, golden opportunity for us to hear this wisdom from a Research scientist.
    Thanks a lot Dr Pal and Dr Satchin Panda. Blessed to hear to this session, loads of golden info unveiled to me today. Thanks a lot Dr. Love you. I am implementing all these good ideas/tips in my life.
    Dr Panda doesnt look like 50 year old. Looks much younger. Secret must be Time restricted eating and healthy food, meditation.

  • @divedeeep
    @divedeeep 8 місяців тому +2

    I used to be somebody who would stay up till 3 A.M at night and would eventually feel hungry.. to avoid hunger I would eat at 10:30-11 P.M.. and despite of that, I would find myself hungry almost famished at 3 A.M.. I would grab something processed. During the day I would eat junk multiple times a day.. even though in small quantities, I’d still have processed food quite frequently. What is surprising is that I have stopped eating processed and started to fast between 8 P.M and 11 A.M and I do feel hungry at night but I keep drinking water and to my utter shock, I do not have hunger pains like I used to when I was eating every now and then and having late dinners

  • @shanthisahas3925
    @shanthisahas3925 2 роки тому +2

    Mind blowing conversation with ample information at every stage, step by step. Thankyou Dr Pal and Dr Satchin for your priceless services.

  • @organicvoyage
    @organicvoyage Рік тому +6

    I've been following circadian rythm for a week a nd feel awesome about it.
    1.I sleep like a baby
    2.lost 2 kg
    3.i am mindul of my food as i only have 12 hours to eat.i cannot binge at night as i used to do earlier.
    Thankyou dr pal for connecting us back to our ancestral practise .
    God bless you with immense good health and happiness.

  • @Arvind_R
    @Arvind_R 11 місяців тому

    This video is a gold mine of information. Thank you! Adding the keywords "intermittent fasting" on the video title can help more people discover and benefit from this. :)

  • @L20241
    @L20241 2 роки тому +2

    Brilliant! Dr Panda thank you for your insight and Dr Pal great job bringing Dr Panda for us to hear his wisdom and research 🙏

  • @shobhageorge4717
    @shobhageorge4717 2 роки тому +9

    Hello Dr Pal, I'm a great fan of your. Simply love your wit and the way you convey the message. This video was very informative. I've started 12 hr fasting as suggested by you. Hoping I'll shed some weight soon. God bless you and your family.

  • @gunasekargopalan18
    @gunasekargopalan18 2 роки тому

    This is the Best video I have ever watched on Health,( like a complon complete planned food) . Very thanks Dr Pal and Dr Panda. Wonderful service to the society.

  • @JyotshnaMamillapalli
    @JyotshnaMamillapalli Рік тому +1

    Two favorites in one frame ❤❤
    Many thanks for educating us.

  • @vibs99
    @vibs99 11 місяців тому

    I have chronic insomnia. So night I am awake whole night, I tend to eat. Thank you for raising this issue

  • @raj2010rh
    @raj2010rh Рік тому +4

    DR pal..u r the best..Ty so much..I have been following time restricted feeding and feeling really good and lost weight also.and I appreciate everything u r doing to educate everyone for the good health. A big solute for your extra mile effort to bring on expertise to your shows to learn the basic and chemistry of food and health.❤

  • @manjuh9263
    @manjuh9263 2 роки тому +2

    Dr. Pal sir.. thank you so much for an eye opening discussion.. I have been following you from sometime to understand the benifits of TRF. Now most of my doubts are clear and I'm committed to change the lifestyle.. will update my progress often..
    Please convey my thanks and best wishes to Dr. Panda sir too .

  • @bharathym5988
    @bharathym5988 Рік тому +1

    Great discussion, Dr.Panda s explanation was fantastic.

  • @lakshminarasimhanpb506
    @lakshminarasimhanpb506 Рік тому +16

    Some important notes from this vital talk:
    1. Better to have first bite one or two hours after waking up.
    2. Respect circadian rhythm
    3. It need not be about reducing weight alone but also Increasing immunity against pathogens

  • @anjalideshmukh3486
    @anjalideshmukh3486 4 місяці тому

    Very nice explanation with example

  • @LokeshM-en3zn
    @LokeshM-en3zn 2 роки тому +3

    I thank both of you for a great session. Very informative 👍

  • @sankaranarayanan756
    @sankaranarayanan756 2 роки тому

    நன்றி மிஸ்டர் டாக்டர் பால். தங்களின் இந்த முயற்சிக்கு என்னுடைய மனமார்ந்த வாழ்த்துக்கள். தயவு கூர்ந்து இந்த வீடியோவின் சாராம்சத்தை கூறவும். இதன் மூலம் தாங்கள் என்ன கூற வருகிறீர்கள் என்று என்னால் புரிந்து கொள்ள முடியவில்லை.

    • @umadinesh2944
      @umadinesh2944 2 роки тому

      ஆமாங்க நிறைய நல்ல தகவல்களை கூறியிருக்கிங்க. அது தமிழ்லயும் இருந்தா இன்னும் நிறையபேர் follow, பண்ணி பயனளடய வசதியா இருக்கும். pls try

    • @DrPal
      @DrPal  2 роки тому

      Here is my Tamil channel
      ua-cam.com/channels/Yxezj89xof3XRLFqly20VA.html

  • @Sparklewithspoorthi
    @Sparklewithspoorthi Рік тому

    Question: I am eating 1400 calories from more last 3 weeks and lost 3 kilos but it is mostly water weight! But I wanted to harness benefits of doing time restricted eating like eating only 8 hours..
    As we all know starting eating in morning is best, but my problem is I can only end my eating window by 10pm…
    After searching so much and watching 20 videos, I found my answer… 17:00
    Thank you dr pal and dr satchin

  • @sumithradevi2580
    @sumithradevi2580 Рік тому

    Xcellent session Docs. Absolutely njoyed this session
    Thank you and God bless both of you.

  • @aneelsamrat7566
    @aneelsamrat7566 Рік тому

    Thank you so much Dr Pal and Dr Panda, Great information!!

  • @manoharank9171
    @manoharank9171 2 роки тому +1

    Wonderful to see Dr Panda and i watched his channel

  • @saanvisdiary1604
    @saanvisdiary1604 Рік тому

    Love Dr Pandas analogies.

  • @thenewuser3100
    @thenewuser3100 Рік тому

    This was so informative and very helpful .thanks to Dr .Pal and Dr .Sachin.. and one suggestion , can u pls put hastag fatty liver under ur caption ,so when people search for fatty liver ur videos will appear for them !

  • @chetanamanjunath8568
    @chetanamanjunath8568 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks for the very nice detailed discussion on TRE

  • @karthikjayakumar9211
    @karthikjayakumar9211 2 роки тому +3

    Damn , Dr. Pal is bringing one of the greats in this field of intermittent fasting / TRF. To other people, Dr. Panda is one of the long time researcher in this field. Truly a guru on circadian rhythm and TRF.
    KUDOS, to Dr pal from bringing him here.

  • @lakshmiindradev9039
    @lakshmiindradev9039 2 роки тому +2

    Very helpful dr I am following your advice thank you very much God bless you both 🙏

  • @aryanepaul118
    @aryanepaul118 2 роки тому +1

    Circadian code one of the best books to read about the human body

  • @CandyGreens
    @CandyGreens Рік тому

    Awesome conversation sir. Thankyou very much sir.

  • @shehlaahmed3915
    @shehlaahmed3915 6 місяців тому

    Wow such a great show I’m in love with you guys

  • @KANHAIYAKUMAR-xz3sh
    @KANHAIYAKUMAR-xz3sh 7 місяців тому

    Thank you so much sir for providing this valuable information free of cost and and in this little time..🙏🙏
    I think.. Even After spending thousands/lakh of rupees.. we can't get this type of information in INDIA.

  • @drdokesn1
    @drdokesn1 Рік тому

    Fantastic insights .
    Enjoyed the discussion

  • @drshanmathiraman3064
    @drshanmathiraman3064 Рік тому

    Mind-blowing truthful, myths breaking interview doc👍

  • @rvkamath3951
    @rvkamath3951 2 роки тому +1

    Thank you for sharing this video. Please share diet plan chart includes South Indian meal.

    • @DrPal
      @DrPal  2 роки тому

      Will do soon

  • @suganyamurugesan2992
    @suganyamurugesan2992 2 роки тому +2

    Hi 👋 dr.pal could you please explain about apple cider vinegar. How it's working, what time would be better to drink and can we drink while intermittent fasting?. How much amout should drink per day and how?

  • @vinaymehta8200
    @vinaymehta8200 Рік тому

    Very nice and respectful guest

  • @HasiniHarshavardhanTemkar
    @HasiniHarshavardhanTemkar Рік тому

    Very interesting just want to keep on listening....I am doing intermittent fasting from three years, sir I watch all your videos I try to tell all these knowledge to everyone in my family and relatives... If they listen are not I will keep on spreading these knowledge, I wish everyone should stay healthy throughout their life, getting someone sudden calls feels so scary of getting bad news that they have hospitalized something or the other health issues...need this knowledge in the TV adds and in school education, if the public come to know the celebrity, actors, actress are following such fasting window then atleast many people will follow, in some way all should follow healthy lifestyle 🙏, sir I just love the way your bringing all such knowledge through your videos,I am so thankful 🙏

  • @bhargsj
    @bhargsj 2 роки тому

    Sema good work panreenga Dr Pal , keep it going .. want to see millions of subscribers soon who will benefit

  • @ranajitbiswas7760
    @ranajitbiswas7760 11 місяців тому

    Thank you Pal❤️
    My eating window is 9am to 7 pm

  • @srit7241
    @srit7241 2 роки тому

    Good questioning... Super.. Great knowledge.. Useful for us...

  • @srinidhiii
    @srinidhiii 2 роки тому

    mindblowing Interview DR Panda and DR Pal

  • @scudgh
    @scudgh 2 роки тому +1

    Dr Panda was the name of the doctor at the sickle cell clinic in Ghana 🇬🇭

  • @nimmin100
    @nimmin100 2 роки тому

    What a session had a great knowledge about things this video should be trending so many things to learn

  • @venk777
    @venk777 11 місяців тому

    Dr. Pal- I started eating between 8 am - 1pm, and stopped eating 1 ish, followed by 4 mile walks at 5 pm. My fasting blood sugar dropped from 115 to 89. Just like that in 3 days, I dropped 23 points. I’m not a biryani fan and don’t have alcohol so I guess that helped.

  • @meenakshir3869
    @meenakshir3869 2 роки тому +2

    Thank you Dr started TRF 8 am to 4 pm only 3 meal no snacks inbetween as only 4 hr gap between each meal lost 2 kg in 2 weeks

    • @DrPal
      @DrPal  2 роки тому +1

      Keep it up

  • @SaraNitiMoments
    @SaraNitiMoments 2 роки тому

    Now for weight loss I watch only ur videos n give inputs to my husband whenever get chance…he doesn’t listen thts secondary…our job is to pass information…

  • @mythiligovindaraj1258
    @mythiligovindaraj1258 Рік тому

    I simply loved the composed way of explanations of Dr. Satchin and thank you Dr. Pal, for your great efforts to bring the right people to enlighten our minds🎉

  • @mrfreaky1691
    @mrfreaky1691 2 роки тому +1

    வணக்கம் மருத்துவரே கொஞ்சம் தமிழில் பேசினால் இன்னும் நிறைய நபர்களுக்கு புரியும் ஆனால் உங்கள் பேச்சுஅருமை🙏😎

    • @ClickHappy
      @ClickHappy 2 роки тому

      He is not Tamizhan, how do you expect him to converse in Tamizh?

    • @mrfreaky1691
      @mrfreaky1691 2 роки тому

      @@ClickHappy நான் Dr Pal அவர்களை சொன்னேன்

    • @DrPal
      @DrPal  2 роки тому

      Here is my Tamil channel
      ua-cam.com/channels/Yxezj89xof3XRLFqly20VA.html

    • @mrfreaky1691
      @mrfreaky1691 2 роки тому

      @@DrPal thanku Dr Pal

  • @DevaDevi1669
    @DevaDevi1669 8 місяців тому

    Very help full for my life cstyle hange journey

  • @bhargavi7527
    @bhargavi7527 10 місяців тому

    Thanks for this session. It was thorough and super helpful. I have one question - can we see any improvement seasonal pollen allergies with this time restricted feeding? I’m not sure if pollen allergies is due to some inflammation and if it gets better with time restricted feeding?

  • @tigrebonita
    @tigrebonita Рік тому

    Thank you docs . That was very informative . An eye opener . I hope to implement the 8 hrs time allotted but I think I can do the 10 hrs quite comfortably .
    Tiffin box - epic idea .
    Good for the environment too

  • @sudheerncc
    @sudheerncc 2 роки тому

    Thanks for wonderfull video.
    This video should be included in the school as a Subject. that much content available in this video..

  • @nuzhatkapdi8414
    @nuzhatkapdi8414 2 роки тому

    Super informative video. Thanks Dr. Pal and Dr panda . Dr. Pal can u please guide how to follow time restricted feeding during Ramadan which is coming soon.
    Will be greatly thankful to you

  • @maheshwarin7600
    @maheshwarin7600 2 роки тому

    Nice 👍👍 iam following you'r intermittent fasting 👍👍 👍👍👍🙏

  • @jayalenovo8008
    @jayalenovo8008 2 роки тому

    Fantastic n amazing explanation on so many topics,thank u so much Dr.pal.keep Goin this way..

  • @krithika920
    @krithika920 2 роки тому

    Awesome information doctor thanks for sharing your enlightening video

  • @vinothas3069
    @vinothas3069 2 роки тому +1

    Very informative video ,Dr.pal .can we take vitamin supplements during Time restricted feeding .?

  • @alkagangdev
    @alkagangdev 8 місяців тому

    Dr.pal ,,please do come to rajkot gujrat ..people needs u badly

  • @Hemakumarhk
    @Hemakumarhk Рік тому +1

    The best and most knowledgeable video of you Dr.Pal with subtle humour ❤

  • @DentFit7
    @DentFit7 Рік тому +1

    Brilliant content ,especially when Dr Panda talks about our ancestor to present day life.Thank you Dr Pal

  • @user-hg7mh1ri1t
    @user-hg7mh1ri1t 2 роки тому +1

    Hi doctor
    Would like to know vitamin d deficiency (value :7 and below) cause heartburn and acid reflux?

  • @bella5569
    @bella5569 6 місяців тому

    I am trying this - I've just done it for 2 nights only - eating during daylight hours only so 12 hours not eating - I feel much more alert and I am plowing through my work (which is quite analytical and mentally tiring) - maybe it's all in my head :) but I don't think so.

  • @naveenboddupally1610
    @naveenboddupally1610 Рік тому

    Glad that I have watched the video. 😊👍👌👌

  • @radhavempati4536
    @radhavempati4536 2 роки тому

    Awesome Dr Pal. Mind-blowing information

  • @atmavikasa
    @atmavikasa 9 місяців тому

    Add exercise as the first thing in the morning with an absolutely empty stomach. Energy oriented practices such as Yoga works only with an empty stomach.

  • @aarulicious
    @aarulicious 6 місяців тому

    Dr Pal i am very confused what do you mean by eating window? what is difference between fasting and eating window? please explain.

  • @ram-shyam-sam9144
    @ram-shyam-sam9144 Рік тому +2

    Black coffee itself with no cream or sugar shouldn't wake up the pancreas? That part i felt wasn't addressed...

  • @user-ti5fv4sb2g
    @user-ti5fv4sb2g 2 роки тому +1

    Dr. What about those people who are having 10 am to 7 pm jobs 6 days a week and come home only by 9 pm....what feeding time cycle they should follow.

  • @universe9218
    @universe9218 2 роки тому +1

    Doctor I'm suffering from ulcerative colitis and obesity kindly can you make a video about it

  • @transformers1235
    @transformers1235 9 місяців тому

    When is the right time to drink tea or coffee in order to not vary our insulin levels

  • @natarajanneelam939
    @natarajanneelam939 2 роки тому +2

    Wonderful session. Thank you very much.