We FINALLY know why the LARGEST APE EVER went extinct
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- Опубліковано 30 січ 2024
- At least, we think we do.
Also, I do not know why this video is in 380p.
Source:
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
Outro: Point Pleasant by Brock Berrigan
www.brockberrigan.com/
open.spotify.com/artist/39sPW...
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Dental hygienist here with a little correction @Gutsick Gibbon :
The secondary structure directly under the enamel is the dentin, not the cementum. Cementum is the primary layer covering only the root surface. Cementum attaches to the periodontal ligament which holds the tooth roots within the alveolar bone. Dentin is also found under the cementum at the roots and is much softer and porous. Dentin continues to grow throughout the life of the organism (unlike enamel), growing thicker to protect the pulp and the nerve as the enamel layer wears thin. This is why teeth get darker as we age. Fun fact: elephant tusks are almost entirely made of dentin, with only a very thin layer of enamel that quickly wears off! Sorry, my dental nerd brain had to point that out. Carry on!
Thanks for the information and clarification, very interesting.
Thank you for this! I recorded this after reading about the cementum-enamel junction and totally misspoke.
@@GutsickGibbon You're welcome! The CEJ can be a very problematic area. The enamel and cementum doesn't always overlap and the exposed dentin can cause hypersensitivity and increased risk of caries. It can also be reduced or eliminated easily due to abrasion or malocclusion causing abfraction lesions. Teeth are fascinating little body parts. It's amazing what our modern diet has done to the development and alignment of our teeth when compared to previous generations that didn't have super processed foods and sippy cups. Sorry, I could nerd on teeth all day, but I'll spare you the dentobabble. Very interesting video! (as usual lol).
@@IKilledEarl - 'Dentobabble"! .^_^.
@@GutsickGibbon "and totally misspoke."
😱😱😱😱😱😱😱
...i...
i feel as tho nothing is real any more.....
See, I didn't know this was a mystery. I've known for years why they went extinct: they all died.
You should have marked that with a spoiler alert.
Idiotic
Not a murder mystery fan I guess.
😂
Hmm yes, this floor is made of floor
Making papers open access is one of the best things you can do as a scientist, bravo Zhang et al! 👏
It costs money. Greedy journals want money for open access.
👏
@@robertab929 It's bad enough they get almost all their source material for free; the rates they charge for access, or for making an article open access, are just shoveling salt onto the wound.
I like peer review. I understand economics in 2024 as we all look to the planet Mars and SpaceX. Plus or minus $20, there should be a "free press" in order to keep three branches of democracy and N.A.S.A.
@@tomrichardson1426There are currently 369 likes on this comment so I am legally obligated not to like.
I wish we lived in a world in which this was bigger news. Like, I want to wake up in the morning, and after the weather and traffic, the newsreader goes, "Big news in paleoanthropology today..."
Somehow I feel like this kind of thing was more common decades ago.
Unfortunately the majority are bottom feeders..lazy and dumbed down...
Wikipedia decided the formal description of Ichthyotitan was important enough news as Iranian air strikes and Croation Parliamentary elections to include on the news box of the main page. That box is updated maybe once every 3 days, so not a lot of news very often, but that stood out.
Because of social media we’ve all been sorted into our own niches. In this niche paleoanthropology always leads the news.
I am trying to lower my location on the megafauna ladder but my consumption of gummy bears is conspiring against me.
Animal crackers too 😂
This is hilarious 🤣
Do you use a tiny trap or use a tiny bow and arrow when hunting them in the wild?
Fell from the Empire State Building, obviously.
Oh, no, it wasn't the airplanes. It was beauty killed the beast.
@@OAlemI thought he was fine and just fighting a giant lizard the other year tho!
@@OAlem
👏👏👏🦧Lol🦍
@@Ash-Bun Word on the street is he and the lizard are cool now.
Fatal attraction to Fay Wray.
Zang and Co are class acts for all that open access sweetness
@ribeye10000 - Be cautious. Open access articles and papers are more likely to be published without peer review in "predatory journals' than those on for-pay journals.
They deserve a thousand social credits for the contribution
That Al guy is everywhere, on almost every paper. He's like the Simon Whistler of research...
who?
Et al
@@mymom1462Al. He's on this one, Zhang et al. Then there's Smith et al, Jones et al, Suzuki et al... But they always seem to use et and a lowercase a. Al must be French and quirky in addition to brilliant.
Congratulations, you made the Boomer Professor-joke. Widely considered the lamest joke in academia.
To quote another UA-camr, "Et Al is, like, the best scientist. He's on all the papers."
Love Gigantopithecus. So glad you covered this topic. Another great video!
F to pay respect to Giganto.
**F**
F
F
F
F
So there's some truth to the reason why the elders believe you don't find sasquatch bones. It's because the porcupines eat them. My grandmother told me that when I was younger. She said that the elders said the reason no one finds sasquatch bones is because the porcupine eat them.
Koo koo 😊
I've always had problems with the Giganto-sasquatch link myth and this research reinforces it. Giganto seemed pretty clearly bound to closed canopy tropical environments and are not associated with open woodland or savanna-like stepped environments. So how would they have crossed into Central and Northern China, Beringia and into North America? What arboreal fruits were the eating in these temperate seasonal forests? Pinecones?
@@gerrelldrawhorn8975berries, lots and lots of berries, also some grapes.
Nice kid story
Depending on where you are: pine nuts, tubers (never heard of katniss before the movie), processed acorns and so on, edible tree leaves, tree piths (a la Euell Gibbons), berries (blue, raspberry, elderberry, strawberry (or whatever in that forest or marsh), cattail, purslane, mushrooms, dandelion leaves, lambs quarters, bugs, small animals and birds ….@@gerrelldrawhorn8975
Larger species often have longer generational periods. Bigger specie mean longer gestation period and often longer maturation before being able to reproduce. So, they need more time to adapt to changes in their environment.
*Looks at mice* So that's how you guys did it
Large dogs vs small dogs, smaller dogs live longer.
Species is species even when singular. "Specie" refers to coinage, and is plural.
@@whispersinthedark88
All dogs are still the same species.
@@whispersinthedark88all dogs are the same species, but what you're seeing is due to genetic bottlenecks from the breeding process. Bigger dogs tend to get more cancer and bone problems, and smaller dogs tend to not get these issues as frequently. It's not their size that causes the death
Props for Zhang et al ... hip hip hooray! 👏
Liking so I stay a gentle and modern ape 💪🏼
I straight up cheered when she said "open access." It's expensive but holy shit does it push science forward!
I'm impressed, and happy they let the papers be viewed by anybody, and spent their money to do so, I'm not in academia so I don't understand the money part of free, but they do, and they did and that is a wonderful thing.
Clap, clap, clap. They deserve hugs, but also personal space.
Your last line reminded me of a few neurodivergent folks I've had in my life. We landed on "air hugs" if a hug and personal space were both required. Sometimes there was no contact at all; we would extend our arms towards each other and pantomime a hug. Other times we would gently hold each other's shoulders and then make a little "hug" motion. So a hug that has personal space is a thing that can easily be done!
@@ChristopherSadlowski what a mess
There are people who are allergic to hugs?
I love how, even though her chosen field focuses on primate teeth, she still notes that the subject of microabrasions on primate teeth isn't her specialty. There are a bunch of science commentators on UA-cam who will talk about subjects wildly outside their field with confidence to the audience because they are _a scientist, a researcher._ As a lay person, we don't know how specialties and sub-specialities are divvied up. I would have assumed on the subject of teeth you'd be able to speak on all the tooth-related things, but thanks to Erika's academic integrity, I'm now aware that the domains of knowledge around that subject get even more specialized.
I now realize that I should be more critical of people discussing things I just assume are within their wheelhouse, because even though it might not be as egregious as an astrophysicist talking about biology or sociology, someone could still be misreporting in things they don't fully understand.
Thank you Zhang and crew for your hard work 👏
I want Alfred Yankovic to legitimately help with at least one scientific paper so we can get a paper cited like: “Zhang et Weird Al”
i heard "open access" and my day immediately got better
Gigantopithecus is probably my favourite ape since I learned of its existence in your opening sequance. Wonderful tp learn more.
Erica I miss the intro 😭
Edit:
(Should've waited till the end to say something. Hyped to see the new one!)
SAME!!!
I miss the ape 😢
How will we ever know what's going on inside our minds???
Me too 😭
Me too😢
The first few times I heard about Gigantopithecus it was in pop science outlets that pretty much all said they were like "big gorillas" and now my brain still automatically constructs them as big gorillas in my head. I'm perpetually annoyed by those outlets now for that mistaken image because if I'm not mistaken we knew they were more Orangutanish from very early on if not essentially from the word go.
For me...It was "Harry & the Henderson's" love ❤️ that 🍿 movie! 😅😅😅😅. Thanx Doc!! 👏
I knew they were more orungatang like
I actually love seeing the progression of what scientists originally thought things looked like, and what they now think they look like. Especially early stuff. Some of the theories they came up with way back in the day are great 🤣
Theres unfortunately a close relationship between imagining other kind of humans as less human than we are, and imagining some kinds of human alive today are less human. When we are pretty close to snails and ants who ponder their place in the universe just like we do.
I've been to several museums that, still to this day, portray them as very large, gorilla-like primates. Not sure why this particular depiction became so prevalent but it's quite unfortunate as I'm sure there are many, many people out there who have been misled into believing Gigantopithecus appeared a certain way that it most definitely did not.
TYSM ZHANG AND RESEARCH COLLEAGUES!!!!!
Cheers to open source and access scientific information to benefit the continuations of discovery!!
A joyful surprise. I love extinct megafauna and have a soft spot for Gigantopithecus. Ironically, I first became aware of Gigantopithecus through my fascination with cryptozoology.
@8:13 is a 10/10 meme format. Somebody should make that 😂
Also thanks Yingqi Zhang, Kira E. Westaway, Simon Haberle, Juliën K. Lubeek, Marian Bailey, Russell Ciochon, Mike W. Morley, Patrick Roberts, Jian-xin Zhao, Mathieu Duval, Anthony Dosseto, Yue Pan, Sue Rule, Wei Liao, Grant A. Gully, Mary Lucas, Jinyou Mo, Liyun Yang, Yanjun Cai, Wei Wang & Renaud Joannes-Boyau for the fantastic research :)
(Are you happy now Erica?)
You did the *legwork,* dang. 🫡
Elephants looking at the evergrowing teeth, replacement teeth and insanely thick enamel with envy as they go to the grazing grounds in the sky because their teeth are done.
Huh, what's up with that? I never heard of elephants _not_ having sufficiently thick enamel relative to their dietary intake of raw plant material.
@@SpeakerWiggin49 IIRC elephants die of starvation at advanced age because they wear out 6 sets of teeth(or something like that). Was this always the case? Did plants get tougher? I dunno, but this was a weird factoid that stuck in my head, that elephants die of starvation when their teeth are worn out sometime after 50 or 60 years of age
Or the seals in Antarctic ice that have to gnaw their breathing holes, and suffocate when their teeth wear out!
Or are killed for their tusks
I wonder how they managed to dig up the coin for open access. It was nice that they did. I heard about this paper but did not read it. Given the paucity of the record of gigantopithecus, I could not imagine anyone pulling this off. Nice work Erica on explaining the article. Nice work for the authors in managing to wring out so much from so apparently so little.
looks like a combo of Discovery and Future Fellowship funding from the Australian Research Council (plus maybe some Chinese government funds??). they're tough to get but gives you the flexibility to commit some of that funding to disseminating your work more widely.
The humans are megafauna thing is honestly one of my favourite pieces of trivia. I suppose the main problem is that we think of "human sized" as normal (even though humans have a lot of variation in body size) but, particularly for casuals like myself, I imagine another issue is that (a) megafauna mostly comes up in the context of human caused megafaunal extinctions and (b) those species are bigger than humans.
Also, I still remain somewhat surprised you haven't done a video on sexual dimorphism in Homo given all the references to it as an area of particular interest for you; I do believe you've said you also prefer non-human great apes, though?
I am dutifully applauding the people behind this paper for making it open access, I wish to remain gentle, modern, and an ape thanks
@11:20 i don't want to lose my status as a gentle and modern ape!
Join ghe dark side, we can be *Rude and Slightly Outdated Monkeys!*
Oh no I am returning to monkey
i am neither gently nor modern.
i am post modern.
that makes this post modern.
Having visited the Mountain Gorillas in Rwanda as a kid I love all primates. Seeing new Erika content always makes my day.
THAT'S not what i want to insert.
or where.
@@vforwombat9915 Please explain!
@@vforwombat9915keep it in your pants buddy
@@citrinecasket that's not where either.
Thank you Zhang and colleagues for publishing your open-access paper! 👏👏👏
*Clap...clap* _[obeys the alpha, gentle ape]_
I love the idea of us as much less modern apes, and Erika as our alpha doing some kind of miming storytelling at us and us mimicking her 😅
She is alpha and cool.
Remember when Erica had a banger of an Intro for her videos? Pepperidge Farm remembers.
Also, excited for this video about the "top G" (igantopithecus).
Edit: *Claps for Zhang et al*
Edit 2: God damnit, she even mentions the intro, man, Gutsick Gibbon knows how to sell her patreon.
Erica please bring the intro back!!
omg nvm new intro coming
I love/hate when those long videos about important research discoveries are posted, because they are the most fun to interact with but also it takes so long to watch and then read the sources in order to post a comment that when eventually one does, it will be burried by less complicated praises. Which is fine, I never let that stop me before! (I'll either edit or reply to this later with my thoughts)
Lmao
It's not long, only half an hour 😂 really, a shorty for Erica
This is my informed comment to the ops well read comment.
You're not mispronouncing it; the final genitive -i in second declension latin nouns (Like Blacki) is a long i, and pronounced like the double-e in "peel"
It's written with 1 I, but still pronounced the way you said it.
I'm so happy you mentioned the Walken thing. I saw that movie on the big screen in 3D, it was amazing. The original was my childhood favourite, and the live action update did not disappoint.
I guess this means Gigantopithecus didn't have any high altitude adaptations like Gorillas, because when similar drying periods hit Africa Gorillas retreat into the mountains where the moister is still high enough to support the lush ground plants they feed on.
Fun fact, this actually makes Gorillas surprisingly good at handling the cold.
0:17 I approve of your pronunciation, Erika. Once you’ve even been in even the slightest contact with classical Latin it becomes very difficult to pronounce things with the soft “c” and impure vowels, or to not say the sounds “ae” or “oe” properly, or not to put the stress on the antepenultimate syllable in scientific names. 😂
This is the type of in-depth videos that I like to see thank you so much for your hard work
I don’t have anything productive to say, but the algorithm doesn’t know that
Could you please include the metric system as a reference? Pounds, inches, gallons, whatever - it only provides confusion to me.
Thanks for highlighting this amazing study!
Open access is a baller move
Thanks for publishing public access Zhang et al! Hooray!
So close to that silver play button. Let’s get Gutsick Gibbon to 100k!!!!
I've never been more excited seeing this drop, I hope you focus on papers and developments this upcoming year, love the channel!
Thanks, nice video! I adore your enthusiasm and appreciation of other's hard work, it's infectious. Your ability to explain complex concepts is rare. Please keep doing these analysis of papers-most of us don't have access or the ability to keep up with the literature. (or at least I don't)
At work as a microbiologist, I always hated saying “ralstonia pickettii” because the eponym makes it pronounced “Pickett-ee-eye”. It’s like nails to a chalkboard to me. Naturally, I found that organism constantly in the water system I was monitoring.
English speakers try to make the Latin sound like English. But just leave it as Latin. "ii" is a long vowel the sound of which, if written for English speakers, would be written "ee". If you notice in many European languages, "i" is pronounced differently than how English speakers typically want to pronounce it, because English is not a Romance language but a mutt of Germanic language crossed with about everything else.
@@TheDanEdwards hey man I didn’t make the rules, I’m just using the English convention
" It’s like nails to a chalkboard to me"
i guess it's good you don't study aye-ayes then.
@@vforwombat9915 yeah I’m not gonna be the one person saying it differently and have to explain to everyone that “actually according to the original Latin…” like some nerd
I'm now picturing you asking your spouse what's for dinner, only for them to respond with "Spaghett-ee-eye."
I'm a megafauna? Cool!
Zhang et al are absolute stars! What amazing research. Thanks so much for another great video GG. Can’t wait for further discoveries in the future!
very glad they made this open access especially considering how little we know about gigantopithecus
Between the cavities, being ground-bound, and a lot of male to male competition, it seems like gigantopithecus had a lot of the same problems we still have today, just on a different scale.
this sounds like youre smoking some bad stuff lil bro
I agree, wish we could get a look at 😎 these dudes👏👏👏👏
Who says they were ground bound?
Just because they were huge doesn't mean that their large powerful muscles couldn't be used to pull themselves into trees or up steep cliff faces.
@@marktaylor8817 their teeth did were you not listening?
We need to start a movement to get Erica to debunk Danny Vendramini just cause i think it would be funny
Your excitement and interest in sharing this level of information have earned you a new subscriber and fan. Thank you...
You, as an educated woman serves as a role model for young women to embrace being intelligent. I'm impressed by your knowledge.
Man i aint gotta any freinds or people that are close to me rn, i just found ur channel and damn you saying ill see again real soon makes me wanna cry and watch another
👏Giant Ape 👏Open Access 👏I imagine that if someone (or some group) managed to analyze the fossil record as a whole, the specialist species would be overrepresented as compared to generalists (among cases in that could be determined). Specialist behaviors are probably selected for over generalist behaviors in "good years", which is ultimately a trap as environments always change eventually.
Ah good to see someone else make the Paranthropus-Bigfoot connection.
Thank you Zhang and crew for your generosity.
Big thanks to all involved in that paper and making it available. So much new knowledge can be prohibitively expensive, so it’s just really nice to see open access research. 🎉
i clicked this SOOOO fast
Edit: *claps for Zhang and collegues*
Man, I really miss your old cartoon intro!
Thanks, Erika! Great summary of important news! 👍
Applause for Zhang and the whole team.
Thanks for posting.
Wondering off to pick berries and coming accross mighty Joe Young.
Watch out for that tree
The funniest thing about the Gigantopithecus in the Jungle Book remake is that Disney apparently turned King Louie into a Gigantopithecus because Orangutans didn't exist in India 😂
Even if India was part of Giganticopithecus range, Modern humans and Giganticopithecus actually didn't meet anyway, possibly other hominid species, also Baloo in the movie is referred to as being a Sloth bear that are found throughout India, but Baloo in the movie is clearly a Brown bear, that's range in India is the far north highlands, not the tropic south where Jungle book is set.
I'm impressed by your lecture ability and subject knowledge. I know You'll go far!
open access is such a blessing. thank you Zhang and colleagues
"It's high time we normalized 'because I want to' as a reason for mispronouncing things."
100% agreement.
Still is irrelevant to whether it’s pronounced factually correct or not. Terrible attitude for a scientist. Facts don’t involve feelings. She’s pronouncing wrong. Period. The scientific name is Latin. The plural of the name ends in “i”. It is pronounced “eye”.
Being a lil bitch over pronouncing things in languages you dont know, is in fact, feelings over facts type of moment
@@c16621at you
@@c16621get over yourself, youre acting like a marxist
@@c16621 Language is a playground and you need to have fun sometimes. No one is hurt by mispronouncing a single i. There's a bunch of harmful uses of language, but that ain't one of them.
Edit: I thought about it more and I understand why it annoys you; it annoys me when people misuse certain words and stuff sometimes. I just found it funny how you went about it like it was something heinous to have done. Particularly since language's whole Thing is people mispronouncing stuff and creating new concepts _from_ those mispronounciations. That's how all romantic and germanic languages were created, for example.
Claps for Zeng et al.
Great video. Shout-out to the research team.
Great analysis, and loved the fun tidbits!
0:30 Ngl my African American ass was tweaking whenever you said blackie 😭 triggering my fight or flight responses. The ancestors where yelling at me to leave immediately
My main modern drops a vid around lunchtime, hell yes
Oh, I did hear about this, but I always appreciate your in-depth analysis.
Gigantopithecus quite my favourite, extinct ape & this was a lovely little gem to pop up on my feed & as always a great listen.
When I read the title, my first reaction was; "Are humans extinct?" 🤣
Big ups to Zhang et al 👏
Great video but can I just say that outro song of yours is so pleasant! Lol. That terrible pun is fully intentional. I stay through to the end just to see your animation and to hear that banger of a song. Love it. Keep up the great work.
👏Well done, Zhang,et al! Fascinating science content - keep up the good work!
Hey, good job, Zang and colleagues!
Gigantic news
Thanks again for a great presentation of what are quite complex concepts. It really is nice to have a mystery solved (as far as we can tell)
Great job, Zhang, et al.
freakin porcupines man
helllloooooo my fellow gentle (and very modern) ape!
Fascinating video! Thanks to the authors of the paper and you for explaining it so well!
Great job. Keep up the good work.
One of the few individuals ever who did not take notice of the 400 pound gorilla in the room.
Its like a 1000 lb gorrilla in a china shop.
Three cheers for Zhang et al 👏👏👏
"animals like small vertabrates, insects, etc"
I'm pretty sure that "small vertabrates" just means anything with a spinal column that doesn't get the heck out of there when a group of brown bear-sized orangutans show up.
Excellent Gibbo! Thanks for a great exposition of this fascinating topic - you're one of my favourite primates!!
And then there’s- uh, uh, _uh,_ GIGANTOPITHECUS!
*Kazoo music intensifies*
The fourth kind of ape
@@GutsickGibbon
Jesus power..❤ starting now
Just wanted to say that you inspire me Erika. Hope you're doing well!
👏👏👏👏 Thank you Zhang and colleagues
As a 5'2 guy, I've never been more validated in my height than finding out we classify as mega fauna. And I have also never been more disappointed with the term mega fauna at the same time.
that justification for mispronouncing blackii is gonna get clipped RIP, love the video
Poor big boiz 🦧
Thank you and Zhang et al great presentation!
Fascinating examination. Looking forward to the new animation. I'm sure it will be a mazing. Love your work. Feeding the algorithm.