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Transitioning from a High Wing to a Low Wing Airplane | Explained
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- Опубліковано 28 лип 2024
- Online Pilot Ground School and Checkride Prep: bit.ly/33gskGT
In this video we'll show you the key differences between high wing and low wing airplanes. We'll cover wing dihedral, aspect ratio, camber, leading edge devices, and angle of incidence. Let us know in the comments below which one of these airplanes you think will have a wing strike at the shallowest angle of bank!
0:00- Intro
0:58- High Wing Aircraft
2:00- Dihedral
3:04- Camber
3:30- Ratio
4:10- Angle of Attack
4:30- Low Wing Aircraft
7:35- Discussion of wing shapes
13:00- Applying what we've learned to other aircraft
16:25- Summary
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FLY SAFE!
-Jon
Dont care what anyone says, you are a super duper teacher/instructor on video, thank you for making all these, its amazing
Much appreciated! Hope it all helps! Be sure to share our site with your friends.
Fly Safe!!!
I agree. Not saying my cfi was bad, he was actually a great and safe instructor, but a lot of times it was the whole... “it’s magic” instead of in depth explanation.
half of what he says about aerodynamics is wrong. he is a CFI not an engineer.
@@anthonyb5279 We would all love to hear your
corrections, you must have at least 15 or
20 of them, we're all ears.
@@bikersoncall im sure you know better why don't you explain it to us.
That explosion animation at 9:30 is incredible!
you mean it wasn't real!?!?!
More CFIs need to watch this video. I was use to Archers. Went to a 172 with a CFI. Didn’t get a good explanation of what the difference was gonna be. First time I went to land the 172 I seen the difference immediately. It took me some time to get use to it where I felt comfortable going up solo. Now it doesn’t bother me to go back and forth between them cuz I understand what they are gonna do. But if I would have got this explanation I might have been able to transition a couple of hours sooner.
That's great that you feel alternating between the two now... Nice job!
This was a good video about wing types, not so much about high wing vs low wing. 👍🏻
Low wings great for flying in busy airspace/the pattern. High wings great for taking photos of the ground.
Excellent video, your understanding is good and I would like to kindly help it. Camber is not chord length nor chord taper nor wing planform. Camber is not angle of incidence or washout. Camber is airfoil profile curvature. Dihedral is not just about static roll stability but two more things: Pilots should understand aerodynamic yaw to roll coupling and how increased dihedral increases the effect of the leading wing seeing more AOA during yaw and producing proverse roll. 2nd, engineers would want you to know that dihedral is used to control dynamic roll center in the vertical axis to eliminate inertial yaw coupling. Yaw coupling is evident when a center of lift is vertically offset from the aircraft C.G. It gets worse with size, mass or wing sweep. This is why a B-52 has anehedral. Keep up the good work.
- Thank you kindly for your patience.
What a great video! I learned so much. Thank you!
The main differences are in stability and visibility. A high wing aircraft has static stability as the lifting surface is above the center of gravity, but this results in poor visibility as the wing blocks the view in the direction the aircraft is turning. A low wing aircraft has marginal stability, as the center of gravity is above the lifting surface - the aircraft wants to turn over. That is countered by the wings dihedral raising the center of lift in relation to the CG, but too much dihedral lessens effective lift. The advantage is full visibility in the direction of turn, as the wing is down.
Paul Moffat I think your comment explains very well as to why are these two designs in the first place.
This sounds a bit like the pendulum rocket fallacy. Lift is always perpendicular to the lifting surface isn’t it? If that’s the case, your first point should be invalid, since the lift works along the same ‘workline’, ie had the same arm of moment, for both high and low wings. Am I missing something? I’m not an aerospace engineer.
AnneJdeB side slip conditions present during turns cause unequal lift, in high wing planes it tends to right the aircraft. Low wing planes achieve this level of stability with their dihedral.
Yes side slip is the key too dihedral effect, but dihedral effect needs to be in balance with the vertical surfaces esp. tail design, to little diheral effect and you move toward spiral divergence(an increasing sideways dive), too much dihedral effect and you get a dutch roll oscillation.
There is no difference in lateral stability between high and low winged airplanes. I have flown plenty of both and I have been a flight dynamics engineer for 28 yrs. These are typical private pilot ground school wives tales. Pilots teach pilots, the blind leading the blind. I have never flown a low wing airplane with "marginal" stability. My Jodel has excellent lateral stability as the all the RVs, cherokees, cirrus, you name it. To say nothing of all commercial and biz jets.
I got a little surprise from your video. The Cessna 172 that you have there was the first plane I was flying last year when I started my training (N2458G)
Happened to be parked on the ramp at KVNC that day :)
Thanks for posting your great knowledge!
I just landed on your channel and was very impressed by the clear and concise info you share...I'm onboard!
Love these super-informative videos!!! The visual narration using graphics etc. for demonstration is fantastic!
Glad it helps! Be sure to share us on FB and with your friends around the airport!
It's hard to pitch a tent under a Cherokee wing 😀
That's why you buy a big enough tent and put the 140 in it with you.
yeah, but you don't bump your head as much!
Most twnts have skeletons.
Bram Moerman And not good for shade on a hot day at the airshow.
Interesting video. Did my training all in low wing (never been PIC/P1) in a high wing. AA-5B Tiger and Arrow 2 gave me some interesting times during training.
Fantastic Simple Quick to the Point Explanation of Basic Airfoil Dynamics! Good Job Jon..
Excellent Video !
Thank You Sir !
One of the best explanations on wings I´ve seen on the web. Thanks !
Thanks! Safe Flying out there!
Thanks for a well done video!!
I really appreciate all ur videos jon! Helping me a ton on my training!!
Of course... Good luck with the rest of your training!
A good review with lots on info, Also a CG change and pilot visibility are impacted.
John I want to say thank you so so much for all your free content and bringing general aviation to the public and really to everybody. Dude-you are the man. Thank you so much❤️
Thanks for the explanation!
Audio is fixed in this edition! Sometimes things go funny when uploaded to YT...
Thank you.
yes
This is fixed?
Great video!! I m building my own radio control planes and that knowledge super useful for us ...
When I did my training I took up what ever was available on the day. Usually PA 28 or C172. I preferred the Piper as I liked the mechanical flap system. Although I also appreciated the Cessna's visibility factor.
Excellent explanation about wing design.
Nice video, posted it to Kerbal Space Program forum for plane builders, tons of great info. Thanks
When I started my lesson I started in a low wing. Then I went to a high wing. What i learned was low wings you had to fly all the way to the tarmac. I a high wing you land the last ten feet was easer, & dropped easer to the tarmac.
I trained in a 172, and just purchased a cherokee 235, and hell yes you have to fly it all the way down.. none of that cutting to idle at 20 feet once youve made the runway, and gliding in.. anyway, ya you're right
It's very interesting, and good explanation! Thank you
Glad it helps! Share us on Facebook and twitter!
I love your videos! So educational! Saving to get my private pilot license
Great video!
Thank you, it’s great to get these videos, everyone of your instruction videos is either a great refresher and with this video something I never was taught. Your videos should be wings credited
Thanks Andy!
excellent video. very informational. thank you very much.
Glad it helps! Safe flying out there!
Enjoying your instructional videos, well-considered content serving the purpose of helping to instruct the private pilots. Nicely done.Thank you, Sir! :-) Sharing! :-)
Totally agree with Brian’s comment. I find aviation as a fascinating subject but with so much to learn, intimidating sometimes to learn. Thanks for making the knowledge so accessible,
Glad we could help make this information come by a little easier!! Make sure to check out our website www.fly8ma.com for some more helpful information!
Excellent, informative video. Well done.
Glad it helps! Check out the Free Online Ground School @ fly8ma.com and share us with your friends around the airport and on Facebook!
Could you please make a video about how each wing configuration handles cross wind landings. Thanks.
GREAT VIDEO HELP FOR MY RC AIRPLANES
u made me learn a whole lot ur a really smart guy
Excellent!
Very good & learnt a great deal ref. wing design etc.
Much appreciated... Always happy to help!
9:00 Interesting notation that you make
here, this explains a lot for me, the ground
effect.
In this cherokee as you say, once out of ground
effect, 'you' might think you're good to go, and
go ahead and roll out, yet once
you leave that ground effect, if your air speed
isn't above STALL SPEED, you're most likely
going to crash and burn. I guess part of this
supports the rule; ''don't be afraid to use the
whole runway'; get that speed up to spec
before pretending to be a STOL.
Jon, you are an exceptional wealth of valuable information. The practical application of what you are talking about is something I would bet the majority of buyers don't consider. BTW viewers, if you've not signed up for the Fly8MA courses, you're missing very well-presented information. Thank you for your explanations.
Nice lesson
Awesome video thanks!
Glad it helps! Safe Flying!
Lots of good info. great video
Thanks! Safe flying!!
Good morning, thanks for the valuable information that pleased me. Honestly, you are honest in your business. Of course I am very far from Yemen and I am curious to learn to fly despite my presence in the Middle East
Take a trip to Italy, Germany, France, or Spain and they can teach you. You'll need to pay them up front first and learn all you can. You should be able to get comfortable and knowledgeable enough in 2 months of flying ~3 hours per day to be able to fly a utility type aircraft solo. (172, arrow, etc). Then it's on you to log your hours in the sky and work towards IFR and complex endorsements.
Great video. At around 8:11 we see some flaps protruding from the wingtip of the cherokee. Are they retractable winglets?
7:00 now I get that it can stall at different points in the wing. Tip stall is stalling not at the root first.
you're great !!!
Thanks! Share us with your friends on Facebook and around the airport!
Good video but a camber is not equivalent to thickness. Camber is a measure of the asymmetry between the top and bottom of the airfoil. One way to understand camber line is that the chord line will be equidistant from the top and bottom surface at all points on the airfoil if camber is zero.
Yes, but we're going more for private pilot simple here, less engineering specific (i.e. the elevators are more properly known as "flippers") :)
Hi, thank you for the video. I also have to agree with Vaibhav, while it's great that you aimed for simplicity at the private pilot level, you've unfortunately defined camber incorrectly. It would be great if you added annotations or something to the video explaining that we should really call it thickness, just so people don't get confused. I do wish there were more references out there like yours though, geared towards helping new pilots understand aircraft performance at a simple level. Cheers and keep up the good work.
i bet your a engineer?
Wrong is wrong, using the incorrect terms under the excuse of simplicity just inhibits future learning and spreads ignorance in the community.
Dihedral was basically correct, sweep has a similar effect.
Twist for stall properties was correct. (though it can be had either mechanically [same airfoil root to tip], or with aerodynamic design [looks flat but the airfoil shape at the root will stall sooner than the tip].)
Overall wing shape viewed from above [eg Hershey bar] is called the "planform". planform effects ease of manufacture, drag efficiency, and responsiveness
Camber is curve, the term is also used for skis, it is completely independent of thickness. Thickness is called thickness and is expressed as a percentage of cord. The Wright bros plane had high camber and very low thickness. Thickness also effects structural strength and stiffness(bending and twisting)
Aspect ratio has nothing to do with the design-speed or total lift, it is a trade off between low induced drag(long is good), strength(short is good), roll rate(short is lower inertia), and for the extremes, transport of parts and space around ground structures. Wingtip devices are used to mod these same traits.
The 777 does mach .85 and has a very high aspect ratio and tapered planform, so it wouldn't benefit from winglets, but it is also at the limits of width for most airports, the new 777x actually folds 12 feet of each wing while on the ground.
Yep. Camber is curvature of the wing. The NACA 2412 airfoil on the Cessna 172 actually has more camber than the NACA 65-415 used on the Cherokee. You mean thickness ratio/chord-thickness ratio, or fineness ratio.
Nice..video..
cool stuff
My first low wing was transitioning from C-152/C-172 to a 1968 Piper Arrow. I thought it was miserable because it glided like a rock & was difficult (at first) to land with it's short, stubby "Hershey bar" wings. Then I got into a Beech Debonair & Bonanza & found stability and ease of flying like I'd never experienced. I prefer the visibility of high wing, but those Beechcraft planes are so rock solid, maneuverable & enjoyable in all flight scenarios they're hard to beat.
Thank you very much for the explanations in this video. As member of a non profit flying club in Martinique FWI, i'm going to show this video for training purpose.
Glad it helps! Feel free to share with all students!
One week prior to my PPL checkride the airplane I had done all my training a C-150 N50400 was involved in an incident with another student pilot which meant it would not be available for my evaluation. The only airplane immediately available was a PA-28. I made the transition in only a couple of flights with my CFI and was successful in my PPL checkride. That was in 1975.
Informative! Thanks!
You just got a sub
Thnx! Be sure to share us on Facebook and Twitter!
Just started watching this video, and haven't read the comments, but I believe that the wings being lifted slightly is called dihedral and actually aids in assisting with "positive stability", meaning that oscillations in the aircraft can be reduced by the aircraft itself. Not necessarily pitch lol, but the actually instability produced by oscillations such as adverse yaw. For example, nuetral yaw would show no improvement or worsening, and negative stability would only worsen. I know that there's definitely more to it; however, I am new to flight having only piloted a 172 and mostly ground school. Thanks :)
High wing is by far the best configuration. You can store you lawn tractor and snow blower, etc. under the wing when hangared. Also, high wing is great to sit under for shade when attending those summer fly-ins. 😉
Also high wing helps you to admire the scenery below :)
Excellent as usual. I am high wing all the way. STOL fan.
Yeah, I'm not doing a 0' landing on a rocky river bank with a Cherokee 🤣
What happened to the Warrior III and Arrow III [and newer] Piper wings as part of your comparison to older Piper "Hershey Wings"? - Thank you for this video.
Only so much time to cram everything into a video...certainly lots of different wing shapes out there. Hopefully from the fundamentals covered here you'll be able to deduce the flying characteristics of most wings just by looking at the airfoil characteristics. Safe flying out there! Share us with your friends!
That was a very good video!
Thank you!
Just curious what single engine u prefer to fly and why? Thanx....
when looking from the wing the wing tip, you can see the washo-out and varying angles of incidence ( angle between the chord of the wing and the longitudinal axis of the fuselage). Using the term angle of attack ( angle between chordline and relative wind) can confuse new learners.
Do you see tecnams there? Lovely explanation
Please do a video on the Mooney regarding flying characteristics. I understand it is a fast plane. What makes it such a killer ? Thanks.
I would quibble a little bit on your explanation of dihedral. The reason it promotes stability has more to do with the lift vectors than side slip. The low wing is producing lift at an angle more opposite to the force of gravity and the high wing is having less of an effect against gravity. The asymetric amounts of lift (against gravity) natuarly want to reach a state of equilibrium. Therefore the low wing pulls it self up more than sideslip pushes the high wing down. Think about it. If you are in a coordinated turn there is vertually no side slip but the plane still wants to right itself. Too much dihedral can cause "dutch roll" where the wing lift balance is more sensitive and harder to achieve. Also camber refers to the curvature of the surface of the wing. What you were talking about was airfoil cross/section. Thick vs thin airfoils. Low wings a definately more prone to ground effect lift than high wings. I've been working on airplanes since 1979 and I have picked up a little knowledge along the way.
What typ of airplane is the blue and white one you can see in the video from 1:30 to 1:40 ? Thx
make a video on swept wings
When I transitioned from the Cessna to the Cirrus, I noticed when I entered ground effect. It was a big difference to me to feel when it started to work and would cause float. Changed how I approached flaring
does low wing require lower flare height?
Michael Z high wings use a higher flare height from the experience I’ve had. Usually with the low wing I get to float in ground effect for longer so I delay my flare for longer. Now this can also be due to the fact that the two airplanes have different wing types and approach speeds as well, considering that the Cirrus SR20 is a high performance aircraft and due to its wings shape you must fly it to the numbers. It does not have as good of a glide ratio as the Cessna 172.
Dankie/merci FLY8MA. I recall flying from ZU (Zuid-Afrika) to Albion/UK. If you sit next to the wing it is difficult to see below. A High wing is better for inspection of the wing.(???) Also a high wing do not have the "V'-shape. Why? It looks like the high wing is small bit better.. The IKRUS C42 of Germany also with a high wing is popular in South Africa. You don't have them in the US? Next question: A standby engine? What do you do when of if your engine fail? I thinks it is the Cessna 262 that have a pull and push engines. In Europe they have an electric and gas engine in one. If or when the gas fail the electric will help.. Thank you for the informative video.
Outstanding! Comprehensive and articulate explanation of aerodynamics and a basic understanding how we are able to defy gravity. Thank again for another thought provoking and inspiring lesson to motivate new aviation addicts get high...lol. Keep them coming! ck
Quite good
Thanks Charles!! Feel free to share it around with your flying friends!
A low-wing design adds a bit of a barrier between the fuselage and any ground cover should there be an "off airport excursion" into trees or rough terrain in an emergency landing situation.
My Piper Arrow is 3 kts faster when freshly waxed, than when not.
Reduced skin drag ???
@RetroSoaring retractable
Do you know why cessna wings seem to angle forward a little bit from the flap to the wingtip? Is it because it's a moderate taper wing?
The tilt up, or dihedral is to help the plane auto level, according to flite test
a video is worth a thousand words. if only you could hire someone for the animation this would be a pretty good educational video
Awesome video. I’m 16 and starting flight school next weekend. What do you think is better for ppl training. 162 skycatcher or Piper archer?
We'd recommend the Archer as it is a more stable platform that can handle more wind. You will be able to fly on more days with the archer than the skycatcher.
At first you say the Cessna wing is straight indicating no Dihedral but later mention is actually does have some. Technically, I believe theirs 3.5 degree Dihedral in the Cessna 172.
That was actually educational. A rarity on YT :)
Can you make a video about tendom wing aeroplane?
The dihedral for low wing aircraft is an essential element of lateral (and to an extent directional) stability. When a sideslip is induced, the low wing will have a larger angle of attack, leading to greater lift on that wing, making the plane level itself. Similar to the way keep effect works on a high wing plane, hence why they are also very stable. Most low wing GA planes tend to have a very heavy dihedral compared high performance and military airplanes, since GA planes are designed to be very stable for students to learn on.
Does 2 or 3 wings do anything to the aircraft im talking about like biplanes or the german fokker with 2 too 3 wings on each side
Not bad for first info abt aerodynamics , and students should continue in pilot's schools.
From my limited time in the explorer post at Cessna, a low wing will float more than the high wing
More ground effects under a low wing? What would that do?
Can you explain the Spitfire wing. Considering that it is a high performance aircraft the wing seemed to be able to handle a wide range of the flight envelope and still be an easy machine to fly. It had washout for near stall control, deep chord for 60 - 70% of the length and tapered to a point which would have countered any negative wing tip vortexes.
Uncle Bullfrog I'm no expert, but I'll do my best. The spitfire's elliptical wing has a lot of surface area which helps to keep it stable at low speed (however once it stalls it's NASTY) and the shape helps to disperse wing tip vortices, allowing it to maintain a low drag profile, keeping it stable at high speeds.
The "silver triangle shaped things" are called stall strips.
sometimesifly_ I think he's trying to over-simplify it.
I bet the diamond wins the prize for having a wing strike and the shallowest angle of bank. Looks like a long wing with less dihedral. I'm no pilot, but I'm very interested in the subject after having my intro flight in a C152 at a local airport. So awesome!
Neal Mulcahy Welcome to the obsession (you are now broke!) You'd be surprised at how uncommon tip strikes are in any aircraft.
-pretty interesting how with enough dihedral a low wing craft can be pretty stable.
Thank you I don't have my certificate yet I hope I can get it if I don't crash and burn but these videos are really helping me I appreciate them thank you
great explanation, you should be a flight instructor.
I'm too tall to fly in older Cessnas so I have always flown Piper Cherokees
Why aren't the wings on small planes designed the same way as larger planes where the length is longer at the structure and shorter at the tip? Also what happens if the wings are mounted direct center of the structure instead of at the top or bottom?
If you mount the wing direct center of the fuselage nothing changes other than it is harder to design a door that is easy to get in and out of.
New pilot in training here guys & gals. My goal is at the end of my training and finally get licensed I want my OWN plane. Sooo many choices. But I think I want a one and done purchase, something I can grow into not out of, so I'm setting my sights on a 6 seater plane. So with that said, and what I could swing for a down payment and financing I narrowed down my choice to a 1983 BEECHCRAFT B36TC BONANZA. Thoughts? Alternative suggestions? Thank you
Flew Piper Cherokee in Civil Air Patrol as Co Pilot so I could get the feel of them. Too bad I never finished.
Never too late!
Love cap flr helping me get my license for cheap :D
N2458G, thats the first aircraft I flew, ever!
You Should go to the comment Julio Bailon Made, it was his too
That's awesome.
which one would you land on a dirt road, the high winged one, or the low winged one?
Does not make much difference if you have the right suspension and wheels under it and the surface is smooth and long enough to float it out. If the surface is shit or the wheels are then the high wing is only gonna change the shape of hole you leave in the road when the wheel snap or get gutted unto the road
Well I'm not a pro. But look at the bush-planes. Every one of them is high-wing pretty much. Idk why, But i would follow their lead on that. Lol
High wings allow more ground visibility and object clearance. Nothing to do with the dirt surface, but bushes and fence posts. Pusher props are none too fond of gravel kicked up by the tires but they are slightly more power efficient.
The 737 is/was available with a gravel runway kit. The 737 is low wing and has short landing gear(for manual cargo loading.)
Trees and sign posts will destroy both wing types.
Anyone notice that Piper has not made a Hersey Bar Wing since the Warrior can out?