Why Some Peaks Have Higher Intensity in XRD Pattern?
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- Опубліковано 2 лис 2024
- Every crystalline material exhibits its unique characteristics shape/pattern for identification just like a "fingerprint" for human identification.
Why some peaks in XRD have higher intensity than others?
Using Scherrer equation, the peak width (FWHM) can be link to the crystal/crystallite sizes/ (if and only if, the crystallite size in nanoscale range).
D= κλ/βcosθ
D is the crystallite size (which may be smaller or equal to the grain size) which may be smaller or equal to the particle size; should be in nm
k is constant, dimensionless shape factor depends on the crystallite shape (~0.89 - 1). For homogeneous sample (k = 0.94) and for heterogeneous sample (k = 0.89).
lambda is the wavelength of the incident X-rays (if Cu-Kalpha~0.154 nm or Co -Kalpha ~0.179 nm).
B is the full width at half maximum (FWHM), measured in radian (we have to convert the degree value to radian)
Theta is the diffracted Bragg angle (theta = 50/2 = 25 degree)
thanks for sharing your knowledge and experience with us
I am glad it helps
Thank you so much for your help! Sometimes we might not understand some of the terms, but if you could speak a little slower, it would really help us to understand better. Thanks a lot
Noted ✅️. Thanks for your comment ❤️
I am happy you like my videos
Very good information for my seminar presentation thank you sir
It's my pleasure
Hi! Good day! Can I ask how can you compare the EDX spectra with others research papers to confirm the success of your synthesized MOF? some papers have very different data. thank you!
Outstanding lecture ❤
Many thanks 😊
Conceptually you are very strong 👍
Thank you very much for appreciation
mashaAllah best videos so farrr
Great Explanation Sir...Thank You
Welcome
Appreciated sir. INSHALLAH it will help me in my thesis. Sir is it possible to analyze amorphous xrd data?
Thank you very much. Yes it is possible
cool & cool
@fayzanahmed3406 who says no peaks for amorphous?
There will be peaks for amorphous but broad enough like the nanomaterials (size less than 5 nm)
Can we apply this information into powder xrd?
Yeah, this is for Powder XRD.
Look for XRD analysis. We have to prepare a sample in the single crystalline form or powder form. It is quite difficult to prepare samples in single crystals, and most of the samples are in Powder form, and we perform Powder XRD, which is usually abbreviated as pXRD.
Thanks.Why do we use peak with maximum intensity to calculate FWHM?
I think it will give the same result if we take small peaks. However, from maximum intensnsity peak, the calculation is easier
Extremely helpful!
Thank you for appreciation
Grt job sir👏.... Sir why we take 2Q in x axis?
Basically theta is the angle between crystallographic plane and incident X-rays. The sample and detector are both moving that is why 2theta.
Most of the planes are oriented from 20-80 degree, that's why we need 2theta.
Theta is the angle between between incident and planes and theta is also angle between reflected rays and plane. To drawn the graph between intensity vs angle we have to draw 2theta on x-axis.
Basically detector has to rotate with 2theta in order to get full reflected rays as I explained that most planes are oriented between 20- 80 degree.
Can get this clear is it peak intensity or peak position that represents atomic position in the crystal structure. Thanks a lot this video has enlightened me
Welcome Sir
1) Periodicty
2) electron density
3) sample quantity/sample
Agreed. So many factor contribute
Great job
Thank you
Can u plz make a video on how xrd effects other chratarization techniques like how xrd peak effect SEM ,UV PL etc
Very interesting 👌. There must be changes on the images in SEM or effect on PL etc... if the XRD peaks changes..
I will make a video sure
Sorry for the late response 3
Can we calculate the crystal size in case of MOCVD grown hBN (2D ) using XRD and will it be trustable since normally xrd is used to measure the crystallite size in powder ?
MOCVF grown hBN(2D) is a single or polycrystalline material? If it is single crystal, then no need yo use formula because for single crystal XRD , there is no FWHM.
If it is polycrystalline materials, then use the Debye-Scherrer formula . Just calculate FWHM from any peak and plug in the formula.
For better results, trust on FESEM or HRTEM images for size calculation.
Give me a solid reason as to why all crystalline materials have their most intense peak between 10 to 40 degrees of 2-theta value?
Sorry for the late response. To my understanding and knowledge, the peak has a high intensity at this particular range is due to the dominance presence of particular lattice plan in that particular material. The peak basically occur due to the diffraction of X-rays from the plan.
@@qamarwali With respect sir its not about any particular material. Its true for all materials. Why is that?
@@latiefmohiuddin6840 you have mentioned that why this particular Peak has high intensity for all crystalline materials between 10 to 40. The answer is that all crystalline materials have the dominant( more in number) lattice planes as a result more diffraction centers thereby high intensity.
If there is heterojunction of two semiconductors nd some peaks are low or sone are high what is the reason behind it
It means at that particular angle, there are many planes of the same family as a result of high intensity. On the other hand, if there are fewer planes results in low intensity
what is the difference between measured and calculated powder X-ray diffraction patterns?
I don't understand the question. Actually the XRD pattern we get from XRD machine. We just then need to draw it on origin or any other software
sir , why you haven't uploaded video on peak width and d-value ?
Sorry for the late response. I have already uploaded it. But I will upload more soon
@@qamarwali ok sir thank you
thank you for your video. what is the difference between relative intensity and normal intensity.
The relative intensity has been normalized.
I am sorry for the not replying to this comment. I don't why skip it?
Let me answer this now:
Relative Intensity is the ratio of the specific peak to the intensity of the most intense or strongest peak then multiply by 100
Relative Intensity = (Intensity of the specific peak /intensity of the most strongest peak) x 100
Now let's discuss Normal Intensity: Normal intensity is a direct measurement of the x-rays signal from XRD machine or in the case of XPS a direct observed peak from photoelectrons. We don't manipulate or amend the Normal intensity....
Whereas the Relative intensity is Normalized value that represent the strength of each peak as compare to the most intense peak.
Excellent Sir. But I have one question that, how this is possible in case of thin films. As in case of thin films we take a standard size sample (1cmX1cm).
Thin film also contain planes, the peaks are due to the reflection of X-rays.
Hello Sir, how we can detect amourphous and cristallin part?
when we use index cristallinity?
A material either be amorphous or crystalline. If the peak sharp it's crystalline whereas broad peaks show amorphous
Good explanation. Can you explain sir why we use arbitrary units for the intensity?
I don't know much about it. But I think it's all about "counts the number of photons strike" in case of XRD, Absorption, reflection or transmission spectroscopy. You can choose any unit to represent the vertical line because it is "intensity" of the photons
It is actually relative intensity
sir can you help me with magnetocapacitance vs frequency analysis
I am sorry for the very late response. Hope you have solved the issue
Sir, how to get the xrd data of a material for reference
If you want to do xrd of Rb doped SnO2 then it is simple. Just take the xrd of pure SnO2 and compare it's peak. This is one way.
Another way is, when you have prepared TiO2 nanoparticles then just take its XRD and compare it's peak with literature related to TiO2 nanoparticles
@@qamarwali I want to get the xrd of lithium stearate sir... I checked many papers and havnt got any
@@ziyashaz3659 do you have access to scopus? Just try to use crystallography.net
Do you know it's JPSCD# of your sample?
@@qamarwali no sir and i checked on this database also... Showing no results.. And i can't pursue further things without this xrd
@@ziyashaz3659 then the question is why you choose this topic which does not available in the literature? I do hope there must be an XRD of this sample.
Sir one doubt, when we dope a dopant to a powder sample, is there any possibility of drop or rise of intensity of peaks compared to undoped samples xrd pattern.
Peak rise and drop contain not much information about the materials. Peak sharpness and broadness shows crystalline and amorphous nature of the material.
Some peaks are high intensity simply means more planes in the specific orientation and vice versa.
I may not answer your question that with doping what will happen to peak intensity. If more planes high intensity while less panes less intensity
Why is intensity ploted against 2theta and not just theta?
I answered this question in these two videos in detail.
ua-cam.com/video/3LtlB38BOFE/v-deo.htmlsi=3vm2TSZRjhjQtXXH
ua-cam.com/video/zDkBvsMX8KY/v-deo.htmlsi=PaWkCMPUwkfE9aHk
@@qamarwali
Ok thanks sir!
Thank you sir.
Welcome
really helpful sir. but can you put at least one or more about books or journal that can help to understand more further about this phenomenon peak? I really need that
Please go through this discussion on RG. It is very helpful and besides it will clear more concepts as well.
www.researchgate.net/post/Why_in_XRD_some_peak_plane_higher_than_others_peak_plane_on_specific_position
respected sir what is meaning of high periodicity?
High periodicity means high crystallinity. When the atoms are arranged in order for long range (long distance) in all direction so we called that material has a periodicity.
For instance, crystals have high periodicity while amorphous materials have less periodicity....
I hope it is clear now. Let me know if you still have issue
r converting angle theta to radian while determining the crystallite size from powder xrd spectrum why we are taking half circumference not full
I think due to maximum width
Outstanding Sir, I have a question that how to perform curve fitting in Origin e.g linear, non linear and polynomial fitting etc. Also I am facing problem in installation of Origin Pro 9. How to install Origin Pro 9 for life time.
Regards
I will make videos on those topics as well. I have the key will send you.
@@qamarwali OK Sir Kindly email me. I will be waiting.
the pdf file for this notes please sent a link
What do you mean for PDF file.
God bless you
Thank you
@@qamarwali thank you, I’m using your teachings for my homework. I am studying at University of Santa Cruz as planetary earth science undergraduate.
@@chrisavila8693 I am happy it helps
Very informative sir, sir i want to improve my english so if you recomand an english book to me this can lead me to improve my english. I studied martin but not improve yet....
It's takes time Anwar Ali. Slow and steady wins the race. Do you think I speak good English?
@@qamarwali ya sir mashaAllah you english style is very nice......
@@AnwarAli-ee3ch brother English doesn't makes the man perfect untill or unless you have sound knowledge
@@qamarwali Refer english teacher or professor .
@@maheshkamble2637 I don't understand sir
Thx u very very much sir 🙏
Welcome
thanks for your efforts.. can you please explain RSM ( response surface methodology) for data analysis?
Thank you for the comment. I will look for it
i published several papers involving RSM
thanks sir
loved your pathan accent
Thank you very much
thnkyou sit
Welcome
Is the quantity of sample effects the intensity? Is it true sir?
Good question. Intensity simply means that how many similar planes are there at that particular point. I think so if we use this analogy but I am not 100% sure.
there are so many mistakes in this video. please watch with caution. @3:04 no.. FCC does not have an additional attom in the center
I actually meant at the faces. FCC contains additional atoms at the faces then SC. My main point was not discussing FCC or BCC but it was about the peaks. Thanks for your comment
Rahmaaaaaaaaaaaaat 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Many thanks 😊
thanks a lot
Welcome
👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿
Thank you
Sir u have knowledge but please don't exaggerate your english... it hurts really... talk as u usually did... and another think which you forget is the crystallinity index
Mean the same rise can tell us whether the material is amorphous or crystalline what you said is obvious and right.
Thank you very much for your comment. I will try my best to record video in natural tone.
Focus on knowledge... This isn't communication skill class
what? when does material quantity started to effect the xrd pattern? it so wrong and many other things. pls don't spread false info
There are numerous things which counts. But I have provided the main causes of why some peaks are highers while the other are not.
It definite effect，