Was Medieval Spain Especially Tolerant?
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- Опубліковано 15 кві 2024
- The concept of Convivencia (usually translated as coexistence) has long been used to characterise inter-faith relations between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in medieval Spain. Despite the wars of the Reconquista, the Iberian peninsula has been presented as a place of tolerance and cooperation. But is this really accurate? Or was the reality more complicated?
This video is being made in collaboration with @StoicHistorian check out his video here: • The Definitive Medieva...
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Recommendations for further reading:
-Burnett, Charles. "The Coherence of the Arabic-Latin Translation Program in Toledo in the Twelfth Century." In Science in Context v14, n1-2 (2001): 249-288.
-Brubaker, Rogers. Ethnicity without Groups (Harvard University Press, 2004).
-Catlos, Brian A. Muslims of Latin Christendom, ca. 1050-1614 (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
-Cohen, Mark R. Under Crescent and Cross, the Jews in the Middle Ages (Princeton University Press, 2008).
-Collins, Roger and Anthony Goodman, eds. Medieval Spain: culture, conflict, and coexistence (Houndmills; New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2002).
-Coope, Jessica A. The Martyrs of Córdoba: community and family conflict in an age of mass conversion (University of Nebraska Press, 1995).
-Fancy, H. "Theologies of Violence: The Recruitment of Muslim Soldiers by The Crown of Aragon." In Past & Present v221, n1 (2013): 39-73.
-Mann, Vivian B., Thomas F. Glick, Jerrilynn D. Dodds, eds. Convivencia: Jews, Muslims, and Christians in medieval Spain (New York: G. Braziller in association with the Jewish Museum, 1992).
-Mews, C.J., John N Crossley, eds. Communities of Learning: networks and the shaping of intellectual identity in Europe, 1100-1500 (Turnhout : Brepols, 2011).
-Meyerson, Mark D. Jews in an Iberian Frontier Kingdom: society, economy, and politics in Morvedre, 1248-1391 (Leiden: Brill, 2004).
-Olsen, Glenn W. "The Middle Ages in the History of Toleration: A Prolegomena." In Mediterranean Studies v16 (2007): 1-20.
-Safran, Janina M. Defining boundaries in al-Andalus: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Islamic Iberia (Cornell University Press, 2016).
-Soifer, Maya. "Beyond Convivencia: critical reflections on the historiography of interfaith relations in Christian Spain." In Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies v1, n1 (2009): 19-35.
-Tolan, John. « Une convivencia bien précaire: la place des Juifs et des Musulmans dans les sociétés chrétiennes ibériques au Moyen Age ». In Guy Saupin, Rémy Fabre et Marcel Launay, eds., La tolérance. Actes du colloque international de Nantes pour le quatrième centenaire de l’Édit de Nantes (Presses universitaires de Rennes, 1999). Pp. 385-94.
-Wolf, Kenneth B. "Convivencia in Medieval Spain: A Brief History of an Idea." In Religion Compass v3, n1 (2009): 72-85.
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Outro music: Laid Back Guitars by Kevin MacLeod, CC BY-SA 4.0
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#medievalhistory #medieval #middleages #history #educational #spain #iberia #convivencia #tolerance #jewishhistory #españa #portugal #islamichistory #coexistence #alandalus
Great video, so glad we could do this collab together!!
I'm glad you proposed it!
Other European kingdoms to Muslims and Christians in Spain:
You guys hate each other or love each other?
Muslims and Christians in Spain:
It's complicated.
Both
Important to note that the Normans of south italy and of Sicily were quite tolerant until the end of their rule.
There is a video about it: Kings and Generals, Normans of Sicily
As someone who has lived in Spain for a decade, one can definitely sense an enduring Muslim legacy in the nation’s monuments, especially in the south.
I’ve visited the Alhambra in Granada several times, I whilst the Spanish did make some alterations to it, much of the moorish architecture is still intact
First, Spain is composed of several nations. Second, the most enduring legacy is culture, at least 30% of Castllian vocabulary is of Arab origin, agricultural systems, literature, etc. To grasp it one has to travel from north to south, Toledo being key as the city of the three cultures. Third, Alhambra is a jewel but, as a royal palace, convivencia, technically, is not applicable . It's so special visiting is a privilege. Have a little respect for it, please.
Very informative, very well researched, thanks a lot for sharing this video.
Thanks for watching!
Really glad I found this channel so soon. Subbed!
Thank you for your excellent work, again. I appreciate it greatly.
This channel is criminally underrated. Thank you for your hard work and honesty. You're good at history because you aren't actively trying to spin a biased narrative.
Thank you so much for this video... I have immediately noticed the parallel in our modern day and in the last century. Even in Sydney how I grew up..... I experienced such a melting pot growing up and many things you mentioned I actually feel and experience.
Indeed! Even though this video was specifically about Medieval Spain, I wanted it to touch on ideas of inter-group interactions more broadly. I'm glad you could see parallels in it!
When ever someone try’s to make generalizations about something I always try to make them remember context
Like Herodotus talking about cultural relativism between Greeks and this Tribe in India.
Both want to respect the dead but differently
The tribes in India, believed in eating the dead especially the fathers
The Greeks were disgusted, but they believed that to honor the dead especially the fathers
Was to cremate burn the body
But the tribes India were disgusted
Cause they believed to cannabalize the corpse
Apologizes for the lack of specifics or any inaccuracies
But I hope I’ve made my point clear
Very interesting, make me reflect on what is happening today. One on one we can get along well. It's when you are grouped, you need to take down the others to strengthen your group. Most religions promote tolerance to others. Yet when needed become very intolerant to keep control.
Indeed
Exactly thats exactly that!
But I want to precise, I am a Christian with other Christians and got along with a Jewish group. We debated theology with respect, there were disagreements but always with respect. Not a single slur was said.
I corrected the Jews that they won’t go to hell for not believing in Jesus because back then there was no notion of hell.
Which arrived later. Some suggest it arrived with the viking deity “Hel” or an anglo-saxon deity before the 7th century
Thank you for the balanced and respectful view. ❤
Awesome!
tl;dr it depended on the time and who was ruling.
One good way to answer would be
“If we applied these methods, like the distinct clothing just to start with, would it be accepted in a western democracy”?
These historian channels never talk about the circumcision of women in al andalus, because they have no clue. Read this book, The Myth of the Andalusian paradise by David fernandez morera.
Omg I was to say the same thing!
I watched his video where he talked about it in an interview
I wrote this out, and it’s very close to my heart, because I was down there and I watched our knights and men-at-arms down at 711, down at the Iberian Peninsula right after it came down. And I saw the greatest people I’ve ever seen in action.
cheese
Cheese
Spaghetti
It's less that Andalus was especially tolerant, instead Christian Europe was more intolerant than everyone else.
(Tolerant doesn't mean modern tolerance, they were 2nd class citizens or lower, subject to sometimes arbitrary exactions, but they were still citizens.)
Abbasids, China, Mongols, Khazars, India, Southeast Asia, Ethiopia etc all had multiple religions which were tolerated to a higher level than in medieval Europe. (Though far from modern concepts of toleration)
Christian Europe is exceptional for its intolerance. The native European muslims of Spain and Sicily were forcibly extinguished centuries ago.
But Egypt and the Levant still have sizeable Christian populations despite being conquered 1400 years ago.
Similarly the Wendish crusades against the Baltic pagans was quite brutal too. Whereas the Muslim world still has Yazidis and Zoroastrians. Harran was practicing ancient pre Christian paganism until the 1100s....
The rare bouts of Muslim intolerance, were usually intolerant to other Muslims too, such as the alMohads who also were intolerant of Sunnis, executing the great Maliki scholar alQadi Iyadh.
This is false
@@rustyshackelford3590 how so
@@Wakobear. Because you are making sweeping generalizations. "rare bouts of Muslim intolerance" was especially funny.
@@Wakobear. Because Muslims were only tolerant towards the people of the book insofar as they could pay jizya. If you were of a heathen religion you would automatically be exterminated or enslaved unless the ruler wanted to bend the rules to make money off of you. Even if you were a person of the book and did pay the jizya, you would still be considered a second class citizen and would be subject to forms of ritual humiliation that depended upon the time and place (such as spitting, being forced to step aside from muslims, having to allow your daughters to marry muslim men). Furthermore if a person of the book could not pay jizya, they would be enslaved or killed outright. I mean, the quran literally calls us the worst of creation lmao. The entire history of islam is a history of the subjugation, destruction, and enslavement of other peoples (amongst the positive things they contributed to the world).
@@jameswitt108 please could you give me some of these historians, I'd be intrigued to expand my knowledge