Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28]
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum) Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..) Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian) Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian) Denizci=seaman Kak-mak= to direct (Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up (Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this .. Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning) Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning) (Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose) Han = director- manager-leader religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin) Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner (Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
In my opinion, the Sui dynasty was like the Qin dynasty. It was a dynasty that managed to reunify China after a long period of division and chaos. Also, much like the Qin, the Sui dynasty was also short-lived, but it also paved the way for the rise of a powerful empire, the Tang dynasty, just like the short-lived Qin dynasty paved the way for the rise of the Han dynasty.
@@mmorpg9564 yep the ROC & PRC is just the same old cycle of rise and fall of Chinese dynasties. But now with modern ideology instead of antiquated monarchism
I've always been fascinated by central Asian history. That explains my elation when I "discovered" your channel which I have learned so much from. I am amazed by the vastness and the depth of your knowledge and the way you present your materials. I can't even imagine the amount of research and effort you've put into these videos. You deserve much more recognition and attention. I am also fascinated by your background, which is probably Chinese, given how accurately you pronounce Mandarin words. What impresses me too is the way you pronounce Korean and Japanese words, and you have a beautiful accent when you narrate in English.
Brother, you're a true 君子, thank your for continuing to offer us these wonderful and thoroughly researched videos. You deserve all the subscribers under Heaven!
@@eodyn7 Didn't end well for Europe. Mongols took every Eastern European country till they wanted to go back to Mongolia to fight for the throne. every Historian says Western Europe was luckily spared.
@@Righteous1ist The European Huns, who originated from the Xiongnu Empire, are known to have spoken primarily a Turkic language, more specifically Oghuric Turkic. 12 However, this may be due to the heavy concentration of Turkic peoples in the areas that the Huns inhabited immediately before their major expansions into Europe and Central Asia. oxfordre.com/asianhistory/search?siteToSearch=asianhistory&q=Oghuric&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
Pretty good summary here and good usage of the maps. That said I am truly hyped to hear you say that you're working on a Sui and then Tang dynasty series, IMO the Tang period was probably the most interesting in Chinese History. i know you guys will do it justice, so keep up the great work!
Once again you have absolutely smashed it out of the park (: these videos just ooze as much quality as they do passion, thankyou for making such interesting History accessible and well presented ❤️
basically Xiongnu got divided into South and North Xiongnu. S Xiongnu got incorporated into Han society and the N Xiongnu was defeated and got incorporated into Xianbei. Then during Sui/Tang dynasty, all groups became a single society.
Multi generation war think Ireland, former Yugoslavia both Conflicts which are barely resolved and have roots stretching back hundreds of years. Repression under Tito kept the Balkans quiet for a while. In Ireland a Women's revolt and lack of interest amongst the young ended the Troubles. In Africa war amongst old tribal kings still causes resentment which erupts periodically. Multi generational wars still happen
The Karen War for Independence in Myanmar has been going for over 70 years already. Now The Karen Army is a key component of the current civil war which has drawn together other ethnic minority military forces like The Shan, Kachin, and Rakhine, and have provided training and support for The PDF, made up of mutli-ethnic, including Burman, fighters, and another malitia of Burmans against The Tatmadaw.
I find this fascinating. I remember watching the animated Mulan movie and thinking "Huns, that can't be right. The Huns where the guys messing with the late Romans". Jokes on me. The idea that one can argue Attila had connections to the ones that pestered the Han empire... The ancient world was much more connected than I used to think.
My family is kinda a mix of Han, Mongolian and Manchurian. But when I was doing the genetic ancestry test, there’s a fraction of Anatolian gene. I guess some Xiongnu brothers went separate ways.
@@Vampybattie quick Wiki check shows many theories. Inc. Nomadic confederacy drawn from multiple language and ethnic groups coalescing into a distinct identity.
Thanks bro for the vids. These are amazingly concise and well done. Learning something new every week almost effortlessly at how entertaining they are, and with the correct Chinese pronunciations, it's much easier to tell what is what when comparing English and Chinese sources. You're doing some amazing work.
This is super interesting! Thanks for the awesome videos. My country - Bulgaria was found in 681 and it is said that the old bulgarians (as we call them) were nomadic people that came from asia. The story tells of an older country called Old Great Bulgaria that was somewhere north of the Black Sea but going all the way east to the Azov Sea with a great ruler (Khan Kubrat). That ruler had several sons and after his death there were rivalries between them. Eventually the sons split up. Some of them ended up traveling to different parts of Europe and Asia. One of the sons (Asparuh) came to the land that is Bulgaria today. He and his people started living alongside the slavs and the tracians and thus the bulgarian nation was born. So maybe they were once a part of the northern xiongnu or the huns.
Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum) Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..) Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian) Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian) Denizci=seaman Kak-mak= to direct (Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up (Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this .. Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning) Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning) (Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose) Han = director- manager-leader religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin) Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner (Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
PAP Gaming. You are right. Basically, Xiongnu and Hun were the same people. Xiongnu was what the Chinese called them, and Hun was what the Europeans called them. Hun is the short pronounciation of Xiongnu. Xiongnu/Hun contained many different tribes, but they were all turkic people, which is different from Turkish people. The modern word for Xiongnu/Hun is Mongols. The Mongols spread west all the way to today's Hungary and to middle East of today's Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran. Hungarians are mixtures of Hun with Europeans.
I know I'm super late but I have a question on Yuezhi because I specifically remember back in school when our professor corrected us that even though Yuezhi is written as 月氏 in chinese, it's not supposed to be read as their chinese characters today, which would be (yueshi) but instead should be read as "Rou4 Zhi1". I am not sure if this is right but I wonder if anyone else knows anything about this?
You are right, but later experts said there are two ways of reading, and I will continue the old way of reading because it is related to ancient Chinese
@10:50: Indeed *in Vietnamese* , where *old Chinese pronunciations* are usually still kept, the characters "匈奴" are rendered as *"Hung Nô"* : and where the term "Hung" (匈) *still means "cruelty"* and is typically paired with the term "ác" (惡) to form *"hung ác" (匈惡).*
That's right. Most southern Chinese dialects still pronounce it as Hung No, including Cantonese. It's ironic that Mandarin is so contaminated with the northern nomadic languages, that it lost a lot of the old Chinese intonations. That's the price you pay for absorbing other people.
Absorbing other people while failing to uphold linguistic standards for the newly adopted groups to live up to: Mandarin is also a decidedly "northern" language in that it lacks words for tropical vegetation and fruits.
Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum) Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..) Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian) Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian) Denizci=seaman Kak-mak= to direct (Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up (Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this .. Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning) Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning) (Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose) Han = director- manager-leader religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin) Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner (Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
Mongolians claim xiongnu descenta are usually the southern xiongnu. Chinese who also claim xiongnu are from southern xiongnu. Northern xiongnu like yueban form the gokturks khanate and married with gokturks. forming the shatuo turk ethnicity. They assilimate to Han Chinese today. The Ongud a shatuo tribe assilimated to mongolian. The Oghuz Turks were under the gokturks but not directly related with them or any of the xiongnu. Although they keep the story of mehe han or modu chanyu. They will speak ill of us nomadic chinese who sinicized. the xianbei and Xiongnu runtic alphabets were all in chinese... google it in reddit turks!
I am from Hungary, basically the successor of the Hun Empire, and although our ancestors came from Asia it was mostly from a more northern part of where now Russia is rather than the southern part of Asia, those that come from the southern part of where Russia is now, settled more in the Balkans and upward from Hungary, are people that came from the rather northern parts of Asia. The difference is obvious if you look around here, people in the Balkans and Romania have a more tan-bronze skin, people in Hungary, Ukraine, Croatia, Slovakia, etc. have a more whiter skin and in the summer our skin can easily become light-tan. And as the nowadays Hungarians our Ancestors mostly came from the Ural mountains, then they migrated into "Magna Hungaria", where they met with the southern Asian group.
@@rokemanxz5470 Anything beyond a few centuries is most of the time mystery so, I am not surprised. But you know, the Hun empire was large, so I don't want to be mistaken for another ethnicity
The thing is the Xiongnu and Huns are not monolithic enthically. They are a collection of multiple nomadic tribes, and through migration and ethnic mixing, the apperances will vary. Also, Xiongnu are not the Huns. Xiongu migrated westward and some became a part of the Huns along with other nomadic tribes, and local habitants. So while you may have decended from the Huns, you may not be a decendent of Xiongnu. Meanwhile, there may be other Hun decendants that can be traced to the Xiongnu.
Also Göktürks(Tujue) are Xiongnu origin Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Omeljan Pritsak further considered the connection of the name of Dulo clan with the name of the old Xiongnu ruling house 屠各 Tuge (in Old Chinese d'o-klâk).[31][26] This association could further prove the link between Xiongnu and Huns (as well Huns and Bulgars).[31][33] Peter B. Golden surmises that the Xiongnu tribal surname 獨孤 Dugu (< d'uk-kuo) or 屠各 Tuge (< d'o-klâk) possibly reflects underlying Turkic *Tuğqu or *Tuğlağ "tribe of the tuğ?"[34] only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu" d’autres, restés dans l’Altaï, seraient les ancêtres des Tujue (Turcs). www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Xiongnu/150173
Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41 0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian 0.06231494 Nogai 0.06282693 Uygur 0.06548345 Karakalpak 0.06585332 Hazara 0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07146758 Tubalar 0.08132082 Uzbek 0.08210203 Bashkir 0.08566547 Kazakh 0.09118132 Shor_Mountain 0.09178028 Shor 0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia 0.10848495 Khakass 0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest 0.11889523 Kirghiz_China 0.12013174 Kirghiz 0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.13623327 Tlingit 0.14055425 Kazakh_China 0.14074878 Mansi 0.14114272 Turkmen 0.14551228 Khanty 0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA38 0.06855033 Tatar_Siberian 0.06925119 Uzbek 0.07192976 Bashkir 0.07292202 Hazara_Afghanistan 0.07777367 Uygur 0.08059425 Hazara 0.08332238 Nogai 0.09622928 Karakalpak 0.10318042 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye 0.10606315 Tubalar 0.11011445 Turkmen_Uzbekistan 0.11764581 Turkmen 0.12223570 Kazakh 0.12239900 Shor_Mountain 0.12286107 Yukagir_Forest 0.12563648 Shor 0.12597342 Shor_Khakassia 0.13202128 Tlingit 0.13398359 Tatar_Lipka 0.14369369 Udmurt 0.14459824 Khakass 0.14501118 Tatar_Crimean_steppe 0.14503753 Bahun 0.14774430 Mansi 0.14886521 Besermyan Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period. www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians."
@sneksnekitsasnek The European Huns, who originated from the Xiongnu Empire, are known to have spoken primarily a Turkic language, more specifically Oghuric Turkic. oxfordre.com/asianhistory/search?siteToSearch=asianhistory&q=Oghuric&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true An earlier date for the separation of proto-Turkic, preceding 209 BC would support the identification of Xiongnu language with proto-Bulgharic or one of its subgroups, while a later date of separation would make its association with proto-Turkic more plausible. academic.oup.com/jole/article-pdf/5/1/39/32972809/lzz010.pdf Many of the peoples who formed a part of their imperial confederation could also speak Hunnic (Oghuric Turkic). The Germanicization of Hunnic (Oghuric Turkic) names may have been a conscious policy among the Hunnic elite in the west in order to ease the transition to their rule of formerly independent German tribal unions. Hunnic(Oghuric Turkic 104 ) and Gothic. www.cambridge.org/core/books/huns-rome-and-the-birth-of-europe/0212FDFE4589436D52B9CCE0EFBCACBC/listing?q=Hunnic+Oghuric&_csrf=mA5QYXrl-8njNXnUBh38a4q3kAGGXqrj-52U&searchWithinIds=0212FDFE4589436D52B9CCE0EFBCACBC&fts=yes&searchWithinIds=0212FDFE4589436D52B9CCE0EFBCACBC&aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=BOOK_PART
@sneksnekitsasnek The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
@@pompacitokmakci You do realise that Turks are extremely diverse in terms of genetics right? There was a lot of assimilation, from non-Turks to Turks.
Well.. I suggest talking about the civil war that occurred after the fall of xin dynasty, the late days of the han dynasty, the yellow turban rebellion, the three kingdoms period, the formation of jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms period and then the unification of China by sui dynasty before tang dynasty could be better
North and South Dynasty period is really complicated. Even most Chinese people have a poor grasp of it. It's going to be difficult to fit it in a video like this
Tuoba tribe is Xiongnu tribe who later joined to Xianbei confederation were a proto - Turkish people known as the Tuoba Xiongnu tribes were absorbed into a pastoral Xianbei , who unified north China and set up the group called the Xianbei , who eventually con - Northern Wei dynasty ( 386 - 534 ) . Northern Wei. As is well known, the ruling clan, the Tabgach (Tuoba), were from the north, outside the Hua ecumene. The Särbi pastoral econ- omy and daily customs were close to those of the Xiongnu, the old nemesis of the Han, and their language, what we have been able to recover of it, was proto-Turkic, with Mongolic elements.22 scholar.harvard.edu/files/elliott/files/critical_han_studies_ch8_elliott.pdf dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33950781/84411377.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y Cambridge University Press Clauson, in particular, concludes that the Tuoba spoke an l/r-Turkic tongue www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/black-cult-in-early-medieval-china-iranianzoroastrian-influence-in-the-northern-dynasties/CE94DD4DD20BBEB670F15EA15E4DF219
Nevertheless, still couldn't escape the fate of assimilation, as their emperorHong who has a Han Chinese granny ordered their realm to be SINICIZED by change their royal surname from TuoBa to Yuan, therefore Yuan Hong was their 1st sinicized emperor
Tuoba being part of the Xiongnu before becoming part of the Xianbei is not unlikely. But Northern Wei's own history book have even specified themselves to have originated from the Donghu and Xianbei. For the claim that they originated from the Xiongnu to be true, then it would need to have happened from way before Modu's time. But as far as I know, there is no evidence of that. It is true that some researchers have noticed that there are more turkic words used in the Tuoba language compared to the other Xianbei tribes such as the Khitan and Murong, but it might be the result of later developments as they absorbed the other turkic speaking tribes as they expanded westward.
@@saaksaak8042 Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28] The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
@@saaksaak8042 When Turkic-speaking Tabghatch conquered China in 386 ce and ruled her for nearly 200 years, they, being minority rulers, elected to take up Chinese writing system and language as the official means of communication with its subject population. They also ended up adopting the writing system to script the Turkic language for their Turkic population resulting into a Xianbei National Language (xnl). This work describes 7 cases of Turkic-rooted Sinitic functional expressions, all featuring the word 的 [d-], supported with historical citations in Chinese documents, believed to be cultural continua of the xnl: The desire or the need of Tabghatch people to speak and write Turkic language was made clear in the Turkic military tutorial materials categorized as Xianbei Guoyu 鮮卑國語, or the Xianbei National Language (xnl) as documented in official history books (Shiratori 1923). Since there were no known Turkic scripts in the 5th century and Tabghatch were rulers of China of foreign origin, xnl was destined to be scripted in Chinese characters just like the Mongols had done in the Secret History of the Mongols. We shall refer to the Turkic expressions phonetically spelled in Chinese characters of the 5th century as xnl. After Tabghatch conquered Chinese, many Chinese actually learned Turkic and became bilinguals mainly to help their own bureaucratic standing and career advancement. There must be plenty of Turkic-Chinese bilinguals at that time. It would not be surprising that these bilinguals, well versed in both Chinese and Turkic, help make selection of the Turkic-bound Chinese characters so that they would be sensitive to Chinese culture and tradition and avoided un-intended semantic distractions. brill.com/view/journals/jlc/9/3/article-p436_2.xml?language=en On emploie en général le terme de « ProtoTurcs » pour désigner plusieurs confédérations nomades qui se sont formées en haute Asie (Xiongnu, Tabghatchs ou Tuoba) avant la formation de l'empire des Tujue (vie-viiie s.). www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Turcs/147681
So basically speaking, the Xiongnus though may have disappeared as a confederation of diff tribes peoples, they left their bloodline in peoples from China and all the way to Europe along the Eurasian steppes.
Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum) Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..) Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian) Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian) Denizci=seaman Kak-mak= to direct (Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up (Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this .. Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning) Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning) (Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose) Han = director- manager-leader religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin) Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner (Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
The language of Thoeruk people living on the planet W.. (Ou)=U=( it's/ that) (Mã-u)=(Mu)=Bu= this (Thë-u)=(Tsu)=Şu= that (şu=~xiou) ..(ts=~th)=θ (Hë-u)=(Hãu)=O= it (he /she) (Al /El)=(bearer /carrier) (Iz- uz) = S (plural suffix for doubling) Der/Dar=(der)= diger= other ...(dar)=(nearest to the other) (Ler/Lar= plural suffixes) (ɜ:ne)=Eun= Ön= (fore/first) = uno/ one (ilkçe/önce=~firstly)-(önünde/öncesi=~before)-(öncü=pioneer) (Kendi= own)=(Ka-eun-de-u= which's at fore/which one at first)
(ɜ:z=euz=Öz= self ) (kendisi=own self/ oneself) in the oldest languages.. (One-this)=(eun-mã-u/ eun-u-mã)=enmo / enuma = me / I am (One-that)=(eun-u-tsë/ eun-thë-u)=enitë / entu = thou / you (One-hã)=(eun-hë-u/ eun-u-hë)=enhu /enuh = he our language (This one)= Mu-eun= (Men)= Ben= Me (That one)= Tsu-eun= (xien/thien)= Sen= You (These ones)= Mu-eun-iz=(miŋiz)=Biz = We (Those ones)=Tsu-eun-iz=(siŋiz)= Siz =You (Plural) Ou-ël=Ol =O= it (he /she) El=someone else (bearer / hand) (El-der)= Eller= other people (different persons) Ou-ël-dar= (Ouldar) =Onlar (The bearer and other-s nearest to it/him) Ou-eun-dar= (Ondar)=Onlar= They Dayı=(maternal) uncle Dayım=my uncle Dayımlar=my uncle and other ones closest to him=(~my uncle and his family) or (~my uncle and his close friends) Dayılarım=my uncles ikiz=(two similar ones) =twin ikiler =two and other dual ones üçüz=(three similar ones)=triplet üçler = three and other triple ones Men-niŋ=Meniŋ=Benim=My Sen-niŋ=Seniŋ=Senin=Your Ou-ël-niŋ=Olniŋ=Onun=his/her/its Miŋiz-niŋ=Bizniŋ=Bizim=our Siŋiz-niŋ=Sizniŋ=Sizin=your (Plural) Ou-ël-dar-niŋ=Oldarnıŋ=Onların=their Ka=(Qua)= which U=(ou)= it's (that) Ka-u=Ki=(Qui)=which that (Meniŋ-ka-u):=which that my...= benimki=mine (Seniŋ-ka-u):=which that your = seninki=yours (Olniŋ-ka-u):=which that his/her/its= onunki= his/hers/itsMak/Mek...(emek)=(exertion process) Çün=(chun)=factor Ka=(Qua)= (which) U=(ou)= it's (that) (Ka-u)= Ki=(Qui)=which that (Çün-ka-u)=(factor-which-that) =Çünki =(c'est-pour-quoi)=(that's why)=(therefore)= Because U-Çün = that Factor İçün=it's for= için=for Gel-mek= to come (the process of coming) Gel-mek için = for coming =(the factor to the process of coming) Görmek için= for seeing Gitmek için= for going for deriving new adjectives from verbs A/e=to ...A/e + U-Çün =It's Factor To .. suffixes..(Icı-ici-ucu-ücü) (the pronunciation is like ~uji) (geç-e-u-çün) =it has the factor to pass =Geçici = transient /temporary (uç-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to fly = Uçucu = volatile (kal-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to stay = Kalıcı = permanent (yan-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to burn out = Yanıcı = flammable (yanıcı madde=flammable material) (bağla-y-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to biind/connect = Bağlayıcı = binding/connective for deriving new adjectives from nouns and adjectives Çün=factor (agency /being the agent/element of..) suffixes.. (Cı-ci-cu-cü) or (Çı-çi-çu-çü) = (jui / tchui ) Yaban-cı = (outsider)=foreign-er İş-çi= work-er kapıcı=doorman demirci=ironsmith gemici=sailor deŋizci=seaman for deriving adjectives from the numbers U-Ne-Çün =that-what-factor suffixes..(Ncı-ncu-nci-ncü) (Bir-u-ne-çün)=Birinci= ~first (initial) (İki-u-ne-çün)= İkinci= second (Üç-u-ne-çün)= Üçüncü=third (Miŋ-u-ne-çün)=Bininci=thousandth Annemiŋ pişirdiği tavuk çorbası =(Anne-m-niŋ Biş-dir-di-ka-u Tavğuk Şorba-tsu)= the chicken soup which (that belong) my mom cook-ed... Arkadaşımdan bana gelğen mektubu okudum= (Arkadaş-ım-dan baŋ-a (gel-ka-eun) mektup-u oku-du-m)= I've read the-letter (which-one-comes) from my friend to me Sen eve giderken = (Sen Ev-e Git-e-er u-ka-en) = (that-which-time You get-to-Go to-Home)= While you go home Seni gördüğüm yer = (Sen-u Gör-dü-ka-u-m yer) = (which-that-place (belong) I Saw (that) You) = Where I saw you İşe başlayacağı gün= iş-e başla-y'a-çak-ka-u gün (.Ki o gün işe başlayacak)=(which) the day s/he's gonna start to work
What happened to the Xiongnu? Ask the Western Roman Empire By the way, there was a group called the White Huns who tried to invade India during the reign of the Saka Kings. The Saka Kings are interesting in that they claimed descent from the mythical Scythians. The modern Rajputs too do so Could you cover them?
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Bravo! You are my new fav Asian history channel. Could you cover the migration of the Turks from their Asian origins to the present day Anatolian descendants? And the battle of Talas which was an Asian World War with such diverse peoples fighting each other?
@@Vampybattie Majority of ethnic Turks in Anatolia have partial medieval Central Asian Turkic roots. They all have around 20-40% of their ancestry being medieval Central Asian. They are not solely assimilated Native Anatolians, this would mean that they would have identical genetics to modern day Anatolian Greeks, Armenians, Laz or Assyrians which is not the case. The Central Asian heritage makes the difference compared to the native Anatolians. However the eastern black sea coast of Trabzon and it's east is an exception. Those ethnic Turks undeniably have solely Native Pontic ancestry either Greek, Laz, Georgian or Hemshin roots. They are however a small number in contrast to the whole ethnic Turkish population who undeniably does have both Central Asian Turkic roots and Native Anatolian. They mixed with eachother.
Bugün Hun dönemine tarihlenen mezarlardan çıkarılan insanların DNA örnekleri bugünkü Türk halklarına yakın bununla ilgili yapılmış çalışmalar var gidin okuyun ..DNA ,sizi inandırmaya yetmiyorsa Ha bir de Çin kaynakları var ..
The N xiongnu after the defeat by HAN, was driven to the west, towards Europe n became the Huns. After 300+ years, rose Attila the Hun, the terror, the scourge of God in Western Europe. Roman Empire fell at the hands of Attila, small beady eyes, round face n flat nose, still with East Asian look
The difference is the Hans kicked the Huns out to threaten the Romans, which at that time is already a weakened one I believe. People tend to confuse the Han with Hun. Actually Han is not so much an ethnicity but also a confederation of the subjects under Han rule who called themselves Han to remember the greatness and glory of this dynasty. Before the fall of the Han Dynasty, the concept of Han as an ethnicity did not exist.
Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius. “The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1-61. which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia. “FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922-1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152-184. The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up but a nomadic proto- Mongol people known as the Xianbei, who set up states in Gansu on the west and Hebei and Shandong on the east. “Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72-87. They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family. “The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3-23. Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552 "There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians." Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains. Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004 It was the Hsiung-nu, a Turkic tribe , who first exerted pressure on the Chinese rulers in the north by capturing Lo-yang in 311 and Ch'ang-an in 316. From this period on, north China was under the sway of non- Chinese rulers. “INITIAL CONTACT AND RESPONSE: BUDDHISM UNDER THE EASTERN CHIN DYNASTY.” Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey, by KENNETH K. S. CH’EN, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1964, pp. 57-93. The northern one was exposed to war¬ ¬ lurgy (bronze is rarely found in late Lungshan), writ fare and aggression from the Turkic Hsiung-nu , Mon¬ ¬ ing, and excellent art. “ASIA.” The History and Geography of Human Genes: Abridged Paperback Edition, by L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza et al., Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1994, pp. 195-254. The proto - Turkic Hsiung - nu were now challenged by other alien groups - proto - Tibetans , proto - Mongol tribes called the Hsien - pi, and seperate proto-Turks called the T’o-pa (Toba). China's imperial past : an introduction to Chinese history and culture / Charles O. Hucker. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press, 1975. The Xiongnu became politically dominant in the steppes around 300 BC, and although the linguistic affiliation of the Xiongnu proper is still a matter of dispute, their political confederation certainly contained a significant Turkic component. By both ethnohistorical and linguistic considerations this component may in the first place be identified with the Bulgharic (Bulghar Turkic) branch of Turkic, today represented by the Chuvash language in the Volga region. The Turkic component of the Xiongnu is, however, unambiguously signalled by a number of Bulgharic loanwords in Proto-Samoyedic. Review: J. Janhunen (ed.),The Mongolic languages, London, New York : Routledge, 2003 An earlier date for the separation of proto-Turkic, preceding 209 BC would support the identification of Xiongnu language with proto-Bulgharic or one of its subgroups, while a later date of separation would make its association with proto-Turkic more plausible. Alexander Savelyev, Martine Robbeets, Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020 Xiongnu (Pre-Proto-Bulgharic, in Mongolia). Mongolian Vowel Harmony in a Eurasian Context In: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics Authors: Ian G. Barrere 1 and Juha A. Janhunen University of Helsinki Online Publication Date: 18 Jun 2019 As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE. Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018 The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17.
vietnamese word for them are hung no ( hung for xiong and no for nu ) while the hun ( the one terror europe ) are call hung are the hun in europe call by chinese xiong or entire new name ?
@@hyltoniali257 yes, I know that, but the jie are gone. I didn't say the dzungars were too, although they were massacred, I just said I'm reminded of them.
@Edmund Chin Dzungar’s genocide happened and completed during emperor Qianlong’s reign. During Kangxi era they lost their greatest ruler Galdan Boshugtu Khan, but they are far from finished at that time.
When Turkic-speaking Tabghatch conquered China in 386 ce and ruled her for nearly 200 years, they, being minority rulers, elected to take up Chinese writing system and language as the official means of communication with its subject population. They also ended up adopting the writing system to script the Turkic language for their Turkic population resulting into a Xianbei National Language (xnl). This work describes 7 cases of Turkic-rooted Sinitic functional expressions, all featuring the word 的 [d-], supported with historical citations in Chinese documents, believed to be cultural continua of the xnl: The desire or the need of Tabghatch people to speak and write Turkic language was made clear in the Turkic military tutorial materials categorized as Xianbei Guoyu 鮮卑國語, or the Xianbei National Language (xnl) as documented in official history books (Shiratori 1923). Since there were no known Turkic scripts in the 5th century and Tabghatch were rulers of China of foreign origin, xnl was destined to be scripted in Chinese characters just like the Mongols had done in the Secret History of the Mongols. We shall refer to the Turkic expressions phonetically spelled in Chinese characters of the 5th century as xnl. After Tabghatch conquered Chinese, many Chinese actually learned Turkic and became bilinguals mainly to help their own bureaucratic standing and career advancement. There must be plenty of Turkic-Chinese bilinguals at that time. It would not be surprising that these bilinguals, well versed in both Chinese and Turkic, help make selection of the Turkic-bound Chinese characters so that they would be sensitive to Chinese culture and tradition and avoided un-intended semantic distractions. brill.com/view/journals/jlc/9/3/article-p436_2.xml?language=en On emploie en général le terme de « ProtoTurcs » pour désigner plusieurs confédérations nomades qui se sont formées en haute Asie (Xiongnu, Tabghatchs ou Tuoba) avant la formation de l'empire des Tujue (vie-viiie s.). www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Turcs/147681
Euezhi,, mean, alaincce,, in pushto,, bagtor Bator mean brave toraman mean a brave mane with sword', Lui mean Great,, Attila mean strong hero, Abdalo mean Abdali pushtoon tribe, Tor mean black, spetha in speen mean white, az or as mean horse, chin shin mean Green,
@@Vampybattie Delhi and Huns are Turk people. khalji delhi tribe COPİED "Jalal-ud-din Khilji was the founder of Khilji Dynasty (Khalji Dynasty) in 1290 AD. Khilji Dynasty was the second to rule “The Delhi Sultanate”. The Khiljis were one of the clans of the Turks. The rule of Khilji Dynasty has reached the power and influence of Delhi Sultanate to its peak. The Khilji’s were marked by wars and internal conflicts." www.ancient-civilizations.com/khilji-dynasty/
Uprising of the Five Barbarians; The Southern Xiongnu that splits from the Greater Xiongnu, The Xianbei that inherit the Greater Donghu, The Turkic Jie from the Yenisei rivers in Siberia, The Tibeto-Burman Qiang along the Qinghai, and followed by the Gansu Di people.
As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE. Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018 The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity. Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122. "The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18). Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown. Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences. - Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3 The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" *Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119. Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2. Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu. Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176. History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99 Book of Zhou, vol. 50 Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) 舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon. The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands. The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground. - Suishu, 84 Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
why not discuss wang mang ... was he good guy or bad guy ... and then yue fei was he good or bad guy .. you must be aware of these two controversial issues ... wang mang was actually good.. and yue fei was actually a usurper... maybe feature them when you have gathered enough facts and fictions ^^
Why Mongol was better than Xiongnu/Huns although it was same theMounted Archer Tribe? The answer was technology.. Imagine how if Xiongnu Army equipped with Roman Ballista/Catapult.. it would be the same as Mongols invade Europe with Chinese Ballista/catapult and Fire Rocket/Gunpowder lol
@@Orgil. and Turk. Like The Mongolian Empire they became a multi ethnic entity. Gauls were Hun towards the end. Hence Hunnu, a universality of peoples. In origin I think they were a blend of Turk North East Siberians and Asian herders. Herding culture drawing them closer than physical appearance
I guess the Xionghu could win battles but not the long war of attrition. The only thing I know about the war of the 8 princes are from the total war game and from Cody Bonds video on that subject. Can't wait to see the next video!
the names are soo wrong you should use the native names like hunnu or nirun or sumbe, if we mongols use our naming policy on china it qould confuse the fk out
As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE. Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018 The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity. Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122. "The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18). Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown. Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences. - Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3 The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" *Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119. Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2. Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu. Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176. History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99 Book of Zhou, vol. 50 Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) 舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon. The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands. The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground. - Suishu, 84 Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
Would it be possible to bring a Turkic or Mongolian scholar to talk about these groups? I notice you use mandarin pronunciations and names when speaking about these groups. I wonder if the Mongolic or Turkic pronunciations are closer to the original, and might be from a more non-Chinese centered perspective.
In mongolian language, the word Hun means human. There is story about why ancient Chinese named those nomadic people Xiongnu or Hun. A Chinese man met with a nomadic person who is riding horse. And asked from the nomad: Who are you? The nomadic horse man pointed his ride and said horse and pointed himself and said hun. Since that Chinese people named those horse men as Hunnu or Xiongnu. Second, during the era of Mongols, in the invitation letter from Chingis Khaan to the greatest Daoist monk Chanchun, Chingis Khaan mentioned himself as descendent of Huns. Third, if you study the flag of Mongol Empire’s Yuan dynasty and the flag of Hun Empire, the flags are same because mongols considered themselves as descendants of Huns.
As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE. Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018 The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations. The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise). Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity. Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122. "The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18). Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown. Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences. - Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3 The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times. The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes. - Weishu, 103 The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele. - Xin Tangshu, 232 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu” According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday. Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。" *Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119. Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler). Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2. Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu. Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176. History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99 Book of Zhou, vol. 50 Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005) Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants." Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese) Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese) 舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon. The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea] At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army. [...] The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands. The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground. - Suishu, 84 Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
Hun= Khun=Sun Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum) Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..) Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian) Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian) Denizci=seaman Kak-mak= to direct (Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up (Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this .. Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning) Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning) (Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose) Han = director- manager-leader religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin) Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner (Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
12:10 They are Turkic not unknown Which finalli brought to a close the long history of the Turkic-speaking Hephthalites. (History of Civilizations of Central Asia-Unesco) The author of the kludüd al-'Alam too asserts that the Qarluq and the Kanjina Turks were the remnants of the Ephtalites. " Chavannes, Documents . . p. 223. Syriac sources, e. g., the Chronicle of Seert, designate the Eph- talites as `Turks'. Thus, the Ephtalites, besides being called Huns, a name generally giyen to Turkish peoples, were also called Turks not only by the Moslem, or the Islamic sources, but also by some Syriac authors. Frye p. 205. Al-Khwarizmi asserted that Khalajes were one of the two remnant tribes of the Hephthalites. Inaba, Minoru. "The Identity of the Turkish Rulers to the South of Hindukush from the 7th to the 9th Centuries A.D." (2006). Zinbun, 38: 1-19. p. 15-16 Kurbanov A.D., "Hephthalites: (essays on history)", St. Petersburg, European House, 2006, ISBN 5-8015-0203-3; PhD thesis Based on Zemarcos’ Syriac chronicle, Khalaj speakers are the remnants of the Hephthalites, who were a Turkic people. According to historic records, the Khalajes lived in Zabulistan, present day Afghanistan, and ruled as Zunbils. be of interest that according to Theophanes of Byzantium, who calls Aqshunvar by the name Ephthalantos, it was from this sovereign that the Ephtalites got their name. The Kushan kingdom fell in its turn to the Turks , who established a khanate in Sogdiana during the fifth century. “Central Asia-Turkestan.” Journeys through the Russian Empire: The Photographic Legacy of Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, by WILLIAM CRAFT BRUMFIELD, Duke University Press, DURHAM; LONDON, 2020, pp. 413-472.
However, in more recent times the theory that they spoke a Turkish language has gained trac-tion. Other scholars such as de la Vaissière, based on a recent reappraisal of the Chinese sources, suggest that the Hephthalites were initially of Turkic origin, and later adopted the Bactrian language, first for administrative purposes, and possibly later as a native language; according to Rezakhani (2017), this thesis is seemingly the "most prominent at present".[59][60][61] [59] Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 135. ISBN 9781474400305. The suggestion that the Hephthalites were originally of Turkic origin and only later adopted Bactrian as their administrative, and possibly native, language (de la Vaissière 2007: 122) seems to be most prominent at present. only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity. DE LA VAISSIÈRE, ÉTIENNE. “Is There a ‘Nationality of the Hephtalites’?” Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 17, 2003, pp. 119-132. Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu" [d] La Vaissière (2012: 144-150) pointed out that "[a] recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as 'king of the Oglar Huns.'" (βαγο ογλαρ(γ)ο - υονανο).[69][70] See the seal and this reading of the inscription in Hans Bakker (2020: 13, note 17), referencing from Sim-Williams (2011: 72-74).[71] "Oglar" is thought to derive from the Turk oǧul-lar > oǧlar "sons; princes" plus an Iranian adjective suffix -g.[72]Alternatively, and less likely, "Oglarg" could correspond to "Walkon", and thus the Alchon Huns, although the seal is closer to Kidarites coin types.[72] Another seal found in the Kashmir reads "ολαρ(γ)ο" (seal AA2.3).[71] The Kashmir seal was published by Grenet, Ur-Rahman, and Sims-Williams (2006:125-127) who compared ολαργο Ularg on the seal to the ethnonym οιλαργανο "people of Wilarg" attested in a Bactrian document written in 629 CE.[73] The style of the sealings is related to the Kidarites, and the title "Kushanshah" is known to have disappeared with the Kidarites.[74] The earliest Chinese source on this encounter, the near-contemporary chronicles of the Northern Wei (Weishu) as quoted in the later Tongdian, reports that they migrated southward from the Altai region circa 360 CE: The Hephthalites are a branch of the Gaoju (高車, "High Carts") or the Da Yuezhi, they originated from the north of the Chinese frontier and came down south from the Jinshan (Altai) mountains [...] This was 80 to 90 years before Emperor Wen(r. 440-465 CE) of the Northern Wei (i.e. circa 360 CE) 嚈噠國，或云高車之別種，或云大月氏之別種。其原出於塞北。自金山而南。[...] 至後魏 文帝時已八九十年矣 - Extract of the Weishuchronicles as copied in Tongdian.[96] The Gaoju (高車 lit. "High Cart"), also known as Tiele,[97] were early Turkic speakers related to the earlier Dingling,[98][99] who were once conquered by the Xiongnu.[100][101] Weishualso mentioned the linguistic and ethnic proximity between the Gaoju and the Xiongnu.[102] La Vaissière proposes that the Hephthalites had originally been one Oghuric-speaking tribe who belonged the Gaoju/Tiele confederation.[103][104][105] This and several later Chinese chronicles also report that the Hephthalites may have originated from the Da Yuezhi, probably because of their settlement in the former Da Yuezhi territory of Bactria.[89]Later Chinese sources become quite confused about the origins of the Hephthalites, and this may be due to their progressive assimilation of Bactrian culture and language once they settled there.[106] Overall, de la Vaissière considers that the Hephthalites were part of the great Hunnic migrations of the 4th century CE from the Altai region that also reached Europe and that these Huns "were the political, and partly cultural, heirs, of the Xiongnu".[81] Joseph T. Arlinghaus referred to a Syriac chronicle from c. 555 CE, which mentions Khulas, Abdel, and Ephthalite as three of the nomadic tribes from the "lands of the Huns."
A recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as “king of the Oglar Huns." in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-150. 1. M. A. Shaban, "Khurasan at the Time of the Arab Conquest", in Iran and Islam, in memory of Vlademir Minorsky, Edinburgh University Press, (1971), p481; ISBN 0-85224-200-X. 2. ^ David Christian A History of Russia, Inner Asia and Mongolia (Oxford: Basil Blackwell) 1998 p248 3. ^ KURBANOV, AYDOGDY (2010). THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS (PDF). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. p. 14. 4. ^ Adas, Michael (2001). Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History. Temple University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-56639-832-9. 5. ^ Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-83860-868-2. 6. ^ Talbot, Tamara Abelson Rice (Mrs David (1965). Ancient arts of Central Asia. 7. Thames and Hudson. p. 93. The Hephthalites were apparently part of, or offshoots of, people known in India as Hunas or Turushkas,[30] At the beginning of the 5th century, the White Huns - known to the Greeks as the Heph¬thalites and to the In¬dians as the Turu¬shkas - took most of the former Kushan territories from the Sassanids, including Afghanistan. Andre Wink, Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol.1, (Brill, 1996), 115;""The Zunbils of the early Islamic period and the Kabulshahs were almost certainly epigoni of the southern-Hephthalite rulers of Zabul." Zunbil, also written as Zhunbil, was a royal dynasty south of the Hindu Kush in present southern Afghanistan region. They ruled from the early 7th century until the Saffarid conquest in 870 AD.[2] The Zunbil dynasty was founded by Rutbil (Turkic: Iltäbär), the elder brother of the Turk Shahi Tegin Shah, who ruled over a Khalaj Turk-Hephthalite kingdom from his capital in Kabul.[3][4][5] The Zunbils are described as having Turkish troops in their service by Arabic sources like Tarikh al-Tabariand Tarikh-i Sistan.[6]
I do find it interesting that he has full series on Han and Tang, but he loosely covers Jin. I think a full deep dive series for Jin would be really cool to see. Similar in length to the 3 Kingdoms video
XIONGNU
Strengths: conquests
Weakness: succession wars
Great summary ;)
Isn't that everyone's weakness
Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552
"There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians."
The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28]
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum)
Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..)
Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian)
Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian)
Denizci=seaman
Kak-mak= to direct
(Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up
(Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer
Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this ..
Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first
Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing
Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning)
Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it
Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning)
(Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose)
Han = director- manager-leader
religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin)
Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager
Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant
Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan
Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner
(Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
In my opinion, the Sui dynasty was like the Qin dynasty. It was a dynasty that managed to reunify China after a long period of division and chaos. Also, much like the Qin, the Sui dynasty was also short-lived, but it also paved the way for the rise of a powerful empire, the Tang dynasty, just like the short-lived Qin dynasty paved the way for the rise of the Han dynasty.
Like the relationship between ROC & PRC?
@@mmorpg9564 wow nice comparison
@@mmorpg9564 history never repeats itself but it rhymes
@@mmorpg9564 yep the ROC & PRC is just the same old cycle of rise and fall of Chinese dynasties. But now with modern ideology instead of antiquated monarchism
這兩個短命朝代之後就由著名的漢唐兩個朝代取代，這兩個朝代結束後，中國再次分裂（三國時代及五代十國）。
God I love this series... thanks for being so consistent with putting these out, this is great!
I've always been fascinated by central Asian history. That explains my elation when I "discovered" your channel which I have learned so much from. I am amazed by the vastness and the depth of your knowledge and the way you present your materials. I can't even imagine the amount of research and effort you've put into these videos. You deserve much more recognition and attention. I am also fascinated by your background, which is probably Chinese, given how accurately you pronounce Mandarin words. What impresses me too is the way you pronounce Korean and Japanese words, and you have a beautiful accent when you narrate in English.
Brother, you're a true 君子, thank your for continuing to offer us these wonderful and thoroughly researched videos. You deserve all the subscribers under Heaven!
A thousand years later....
Mongols: Hey, I want to see Europe too.
Didn't end well for them.
@@eodyn7 Didn't end well for Europe. Mongols took every Eastern European country till they wanted to go back to Mongolia to fight for the throne. every Historian says Western Europe was luckily spared.
@@Righteous1ist The European Huns, who originated from the Xiongnu Empire, are known to have spoken primarily a Turkic language, more specifically Oghuric Turkic. 12 However, this may be due to the heavy concentration of Turkic peoples in the areas that the Huns inhabited immediately before their major expansions into Europe and Central Asia.
oxfordre.com/asianhistory/search?siteToSearch=asianhistory&q=Oghuric&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
@@eodyn7 wow your school quality really suck big time 😱
There were many Asian nomadic tribes arrived Europe before Mongol like Avers and Turks. People move, people immigrate, always be like this.
Pretty good summary here and good usage of the maps. That said I am truly hyped to hear you say that you're working on a Sui and then Tang dynasty series, IMO the Tang period was probably the most interesting in Chinese History. i know you guys will do it justice, so keep up the great work!
Once again you have absolutely smashed it out of the park (: these videos just ooze as much quality as they do passion, thankyou for making such interesting History accessible and well presented ❤️
basically Xiongnu got divided into South and North Xiongnu.
S Xiongnu got incorporated into Han society and the N Xiongnu was defeated and got incorporated into Xianbei.
Then during Sui/Tang dynasty, all groups became a single society.
The Sino-Xiongnu War was a true generational war. It took several hundred years to conclude. Imagine that happening today!
Multi generation war think Ireland, former Yugoslavia both Conflicts which are barely resolved and have roots stretching back hundreds of years. Repression under Tito kept the Balkans quiet for a while. In Ireland a Women's revolt and lack of interest amongst the young ended the Troubles. In Africa war amongst old tribal kings still causes resentment which erupts periodically. Multi generational wars still happen
The Karen War for Independence in Myanmar has been going for over 70 years already. Now The Karen Army is a key component of the current civil war which has drawn together other ethnic minority military forces like The Shan, Kachin, and Rakhine, and have provided training and support for The PDF, made up of mutli-ethnic, including Burman, fighters, and another malitia of Burmans against The Tatmadaw.
Nice and qualified video dude🌝
@阿孚
Thanks bro. :)) I hope so.
Very good work, something to enjoy !!!
Commenting to boost the UA-cam algorithm.
Pretty good man. Your story is veracious and logical. Waiting for your next Nomadic and Chinese history. Take care.
I know you upload on a weekly basis, but cool that you did it on my birthday
Happy birthday, Bro!
I'm so happy I found your channel;these are fascinating videos & so well-made!
I find this fascinating.
I remember watching the animated Mulan movie and thinking "Huns, that can't be right. The Huns where the guys messing with the late Romans". Jokes on me. The idea that one can argue Attila had connections to the ones that pestered the Han empire... The ancient world was much more connected than I used to think.
Great video. Would be cool to see you guys cover the Kushan Empire too.
Also the Saka Kings.... They had a king called Kushana. Always got confused between the two during schooling
My family is kinda a mix of Han, Mongolian and Manchurian. But when I was doing the genetic ancestry test, there’s a fraction of Anatolian gene. I guess some Xiongnu brothers went separate ways.
Xiongu is a turkic tribe
@@Error111 um no wtf
@@Vampybattie quick Wiki check shows many theories. Inc.
Nomadic confederacy drawn from multiple language and ethnic groups coalescing into a distinct identity.
@@Error111 It's the other way around. Turks came from Xiongnu
@@Vampybattie what wtf? EVERYONE KNOWS THAT
Thanks bro for the vids. These are amazingly concise and well done. Learning something new every week almost effortlessly at how entertaining they are, and with the correct Chinese pronunciations, it's much easier to tell what is what when comparing English and Chinese sources.
You're doing some amazing work.
Criminally undersubbed.
thanks again, your work on youtube for the various subjects on the rise of chinese culture and the ebb and flow of nomadic powers is exemplary.
This is super interesting! Thanks for the awesome videos. My country - Bulgaria was found in 681 and it is said that the old bulgarians (as we call them) were nomadic people that came from asia. The story tells of an older country called Old Great Bulgaria that was somewhere north of the Black Sea but going all the way east to the Azov Sea with a great ruler (Khan Kubrat). That ruler had several sons and after his death there were rivalries between them. Eventually the sons split up. Some of them ended up traveling to different parts of Europe and Asia. One of the sons (Asparuh) came to the land that is Bulgaria today. He and his people started living alongside the slavs and the tracians and thus the bulgarian nation was born. So maybe they were once a part of the northern xiongnu or the huns.
Pap gaming
"
the Bulgars used a 12-year cyclic calendar similar to the one adopted by Turkic peoples from the Chinese calendar, " - Wikipedia
Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum)
Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..)
Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian)
Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian)
Denizci=seaman
Kak-mak= to direct
(Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up
(Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer
Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this ..
Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first
Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing
Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning)
Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it
Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning)
(Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose)
Han = director- manager-leader
religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin)
Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager
Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant
Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan
Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner
(Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
PAP Gaming. You are right. Basically, Xiongnu and Hun were the same people. Xiongnu was what the Chinese called them, and Hun was what the Europeans called them. Hun is the short pronounciation of Xiongnu. Xiongnu/Hun contained many different tribes, but they were all turkic people, which is different from Turkish people. The modern word for Xiongnu/Hun is Mongols. The Mongols spread west all the way to today's Hungary and to middle East of today's Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran. Hungarians are mixtures of Hun with Europeans.
I know I'm super late but I have a question on Yuezhi because I specifically remember back in school when our professor corrected us that even though Yuezhi is written as 月氏 in chinese, it's not supposed to be read as their chinese characters today, which would be (yueshi) but instead should be read as "Rou4 Zhi1". I am not sure if this is right but I wonder if anyone else knows anything about this?
Yuezhi are Persian tribe Tocharian or Sogdian. Yuezhi was defeated by Xiongnu and was absorb into Xiongnu armies.
You are right, but later experts said there are two ways of reading, and I will continue the old way of reading because it is related to ancient Chinese
Thanm you for the video!
@10:50: Indeed *in Vietnamese* , where *old Chinese pronunciations* are usually still kept, the characters "匈奴" are rendered as *"Hung Nô"* :
and where the term "Hung" (匈) *still means "cruelty"* and is typically paired with the term "ác" (惡) to form *"hung ác" (匈惡).*
That's right. Most southern Chinese dialects still pronounce it as Hung No, including Cantonese. It's ironic that Mandarin is so contaminated with the northern nomadic languages, that it lost a lot of the old Chinese intonations. That's the price you pay for absorbing other people.
Absorbing other people while failing to uphold linguistic standards for the newly adopted groups to live up to:
Mandarin is also a decidedly "northern" language in that it lacks words for tropical vegetation and fruits.
Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum)
Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..)
Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian)
Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian)
Denizci=seaman
Kak-mak= to direct
(Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up
(Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer
Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this ..
Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first
Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing
Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning)
Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it
Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning)
(Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose)
Han = director- manager-leader
religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin)
Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager
Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant
Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan
Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner
(Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
As modern Mongolian still proud of my Xiongnu ancestors 👍🏼🏹🏹🏹🇲🇳
Thank you for this great video
11:22 WHAT, THE XIONGNU ARE THE HUNS !!!!!! 😱
Cool History Bros takes on Kings & Generals.
Mongolians claim xiongnu descenta are usually the southern xiongnu. Chinese who also claim xiongnu are from southern xiongnu. Northern xiongnu like yueban form the gokturks khanate and married with gokturks. forming the shatuo turk ethnicity. They assilimate to Han Chinese today. The Ongud a shatuo tribe assilimated to mongolian. The Oghuz Turks were under the gokturks but not directly related with them or any of the xiongnu. Although they keep the story of mehe han or modu chanyu. They will speak ill of us nomadic chinese who sinicized. the xianbei and Xiongnu runtic alphabets were all in chinese... google it in reddit turks!
I am from Hungary, basically the successor of the Hun Empire, and although our ancestors came from Asia it was mostly from a more northern part of where now Russia is rather than the southern part of Asia, those that come from the southern part of where Russia is now, settled more in the Balkans and upward from Hungary, are people that came from the rather northern parts of Asia. The difference is obvious if you look around here, people in the Balkans and Romania have a more tan-bronze skin, people in Hungary, Ukraine, Croatia, Slovakia, etc. have a more whiter skin and in the summer our skin can easily become light-tan. And as the nowadays Hungarians our Ancestors mostly came from the Ural mountains, then they migrated into "Magna Hungaria", where they met with the southern Asian group.
well the ethnic or race condition is a mystery in China, especially when it's 2000 years ago...(see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaohe_Cemetery)
@@rokemanxz5470 Anything beyond a few centuries is most of the time mystery so, I am not surprised. But you know, the Hun empire was large, so I don't want to be mistaken for another ethnicity
So now I know the origin of the name Hun-garia!
The thing is the Xiongnu and Huns are not monolithic enthically. They are a collection of multiple nomadic tribes, and through migration and ethnic mixing, the apperances will vary. Also, Xiongnu are not the Huns. Xiongu migrated westward and some became a part of the Huns along with other nomadic tribes, and local habitants. So while you may have decended from the Huns, you may not be a decendent of Xiongnu. Meanwhile, there may be other Hun decendants that can be traced to the Xiongnu.
@@MrLuno82 Yeah, they aren't the main part of our ancestral lineage.
As modern Turkic still proud of my Xiongnu ancestors
漢朝有匈奴（Huns)這個北方敵人，到唐朝就有另一個北方強敵突厥（Turks), 匈奴與突厥對歐洲及亞洲的歷史發展有深遠影響。
I find it so funny that Rome fell because of something that happened north of China
During the Mongol invasion, China saved Europe again, and Europe should treat the Chinese people better
Also Göktürks(Tujue) are Xiongnu origin
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Omeljan Pritsak further considered the connection of the name of Dulo clan with the name of the old Xiongnu ruling house 屠各 Tuge (in Old Chinese d'o-klâk).[31][26] This association could further prove the link between Xiongnu and Huns (as well Huns and Bulgars).[31][33] Peter B. Golden surmises that the Xiongnu tribal surname 獨孤 Dugu (< d'uk-kuo) or 屠各 Tuge (< d'o-klâk) possibly reflects underlying Turkic *Tuğqu or *Tuğlağ "tribe of the tuğ?"[34]
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu"
d’autres, restés dans l’Altaï, seraient les ancêtres des Tujue (Turcs).
www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Xiongnu/150173
Linguistically and culturally but not genetically related to modern Turkish
Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA41
0.06108399 Tatar_Siberian
0.06231494 Nogai
0.06282693 Uygur
0.06548345 Karakalpak
0.06585332 Hazara
0.06614142 Hazara_Afghanistan
0.07146758 Tubalar
0.08132082 Uzbek
0.08210203 Bashkir
0.08566547 Kazakh
0.09118132 Shor_Mountain
0.09178028 Shor
0.09363371 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye
0.09606831 Shor_Khakassia
0.10848495 Khakass
0.11646646 Yukagir_Forest
0.11889523 Kirghiz_China
0.12013174 Kirghiz
0.13261421 Turkmen_Uzbekistan
0.13623327 Tlingit
0.14055425 Kazakh_China
0.14074878 Mansi
0.14114272 Turkmen
0.14551228 Khanty
0.14809688 Khakass_Kachins
Distance to: MNG_Xiongnu_Central_Asian:DA38
0.06855033 Tatar_Siberian
0.06925119 Uzbek
0.07192976 Bashkir
0.07292202 Hazara_Afghanistan
0.07777367 Uygur
0.08059425 Hazara
0.08332238 Nogai
0.09622928 Karakalpak
0.10318042 Tatar_Siberian_Zabolotniye
0.10606315 Tubalar
0.11011445 Turkmen_Uzbekistan
0.11764581 Turkmen
0.12223570 Kazakh
0.12239900 Shor_Mountain
0.12286107 Yukagir_Forest
0.12563648 Shor
0.12597342 Shor_Khakassia
0.13202128 Tlingit
0.13398359 Tatar_Lipka
0.14369369 Udmurt
0.14459824 Khakass
0.14501118 Tatar_Crimean_steppe
0.14503753 Bahun
0.14774430 Mansi
0.14886521 Besermyan
Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period.
www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/07_03/ancient.shtml
Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552
"There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians."
@sneksnekitsasnek
The European Huns, who originated from the Xiongnu Empire, are known to have spoken primarily a Turkic language, more specifically Oghuric Turkic.
oxfordre.com/asianhistory/search?siteToSearch=asianhistory&q=Oghuric&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
An earlier date for the separation of proto-Turkic, preceding 209 BC would support the identification of Xiongnu language with proto-Bulgharic or one of its subgroups, while a later date of separation would make its association with proto-Turkic more plausible.
academic.oup.com/jole/article-pdf/5/1/39/32972809/lzz010.pdf
Many of the peoples who formed a part of their imperial confederation could also speak Hunnic (Oghuric Turkic).
The Germanicization of Hunnic (Oghuric Turkic) names may have been a conscious policy among the Hunnic elite in the west in order to ease the transition to their rule of formerly independent German tribal unions.
Hunnic(Oghuric Turkic 104 ) and Gothic.
www.cambridge.org/core/books/huns-rome-and-the-birth-of-europe/0212FDFE4589436D52B9CCE0EFBCACBC/listing?q=Hunnic+Oghuric&_csrf=mA5QYXrl-8njNXnUBh38a4q3kAGGXqrj-52U&searchWithinIds=0212FDFE4589436D52B9CCE0EFBCACBC&fts=yes&searchWithinIds=0212FDFE4589436D52B9CCE0EFBCACBC&aggs%5BproductTypes%5D%5Bfilters%5D=BOOK_PART
@sneksnekitsasnek
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
@@pompacitokmakci You do realise that Turks are extremely diverse in terms of genetics right? There was a lot of assimilation, from non-Turks to Turks.
Well.. I suggest talking about the civil war that occurred after the fall of xin dynasty, the late days of the han dynasty, the yellow turban rebellion, the three kingdoms period, the formation of jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms period and then the unification of China by sui dynasty before tang dynasty could be better
I will get to those eventually. But the Tang dynasty is requested by the our Patrons.
North and South Dynasty period is really complicated. Even most Chinese people have a poor grasp of it. It's going to be difficult to fit it in a video like this
Cao Cao Documentary when?
Big thanks! to UA-cam to let me find you.. ✨💖
Hope you cover the Jin-Song wars.
great video
a great wrap up to the war
Xiongnu = own worst enemy...nice. Considering the fact that the north later became team Attila, I’m joining that team. King of the north!!!
Possible Three kingdoms or Wang Mang series next?
Tuoba tribe is Xiongnu tribe who later joined to Xianbei confederation
were a proto - Turkish people known as the Tuoba Xiongnu tribes were absorbed into a pastoral Xianbei , who unified north China and set up the group called the Xianbei , who eventually con - Northern Wei dynasty ( 386 - 534 ) .
Northern Wei. As is well known, the ruling clan, the Tabgach (Tuoba), were from the north, outside the Hua ecumene. The Särbi pastoral econ- omy and daily customs were close to those of the Xiongnu, the old nemesis of the Han, and their language, what we have been able to recover of it, was proto-Turkic, with Mongolic elements.22
scholar.harvard.edu/files/elliott/files/critical_han_studies_ch8_elliott.pdf
dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33950781/84411377.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Cambridge University Press
Clauson, in particular, concludes that the Tuoba spoke an l/r-Turkic tongue
www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/black-cult-in-early-medieval-china-iranianzoroastrian-influence-in-the-northern-dynasties/CE94DD4DD20BBEB670F15EA15E4DF219
Nevertheless, still couldn't escape the fate of assimilation, as their emperorHong who has a Han Chinese granny ordered their realm to be SINICIZED by change their royal surname from TuoBa to Yuan, therefore Yuan Hong was their 1st sinicized emperor
Tuoba being part of the Xiongnu before becoming part of the Xianbei is not unlikely. But Northern Wei's own history book have even specified themselves to have originated from the Donghu and Xianbei. For the claim that they originated from the Xiongnu to be true, then it would need to have happened from way before Modu's time. But as far as I know, there is no evidence of that.
It is true that some researchers have noticed that there are more turkic words used in the Tuoba language compared to the other Xianbei tribes such as the Khitan and Murong, but it might be the result of later developments as they absorbed the other turkic speaking tribes as they expanded westward.
Tuoba and Xiongnu were proto Mongolic. Xiongnu or Hunnu means Human in Mongolic language whereas there is no such self-reference in any Turkic.
@@saaksaak8042 Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552
"There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians."
The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of peoples including existing societies such as Altai, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Crimean Karaites, Gagauz, Karachays, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakas, Krymchaks, Kyrgyz people, Nogais, Qashqai, Tatars, Turkmens, Turkish people, Tuvans, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Yakuts and as well as ancient and medieval states such as Dingling, Bulgars, Alat, Basmyl, Onogurs, Shatuo, Chuban, Göktürks, Oghuz Turks, Kankalis, Khazars, Khiljis, Kipchaks, Kumans, Karluks, Bahri Mamluks, Ottoman Turks, Seljuk Turks, Tiele, Timurids, Turgeshes, Yenisei Kirghiz, and Huns, Tuoba, and Xiongnu.[24][25][26][27][28]
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
@@saaksaak8042
When Turkic-speaking Tabghatch conquered China in 386 ce and ruled her for nearly 200 years, they, being minority rulers, elected to take up Chinese writing system and language as the official means of communication with its subject population. They also ended up adopting the writing system to script the Turkic language for their Turkic population resulting into a Xianbei National Language (xnl). This work describes 7 cases of Turkic-rooted Sinitic functional expressions, all featuring the word 的 [d-], supported with historical citations in Chinese documents, believed to be cultural continua of the xnl:
The desire or the need of Tabghatch people to speak and write Turkic language was made clear in the Turkic military tutorial materials categorized as Xianbei Guoyu 鮮卑國語, or the Xianbei National Language (xnl) as documented in official history books (Shiratori 1923). Since there were no known Turkic scripts in the 5th century and Tabghatch were rulers of China of foreign origin, xnl was destined to be scripted in Chinese characters just like the Mongols had done in the Secret History of the Mongols. We shall refer to the Turkic expressions phonetically spelled in Chinese characters of the 5th century as xnl.
After Tabghatch conquered Chinese, many Chinese actually learned Turkic and became bilinguals mainly to help their own bureaucratic standing and career advancement. There must be plenty of Turkic-Chinese bilinguals at that time. It would not be surprising that these bilinguals, well versed in both Chinese and Turkic, help make selection of the Turkic-bound Chinese characters so that they would be sensitive to Chinese culture and tradition and avoided un-intended semantic distractions.
brill.com/view/journals/jlc/9/3/article-p436_2.xml?language=en
On emploie en général le terme de « ProtoTurcs » pour désigner plusieurs confédérations nomades qui se sont formées en haute Asie (Xiongnu, Tabghatchs ou Tuoba) avant la formation de l'empire des Tujue (vie-viiie s.).
www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Turcs/147681
So basically speaking, the Xiongnus though may have disappeared as a confederation of diff tribes peoples, they left their bloodline in peoples from China and all the way to Europe along the Eurasian steppes.
Yeh but it’s like 400yr separation
Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum)
Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..)
Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian)
Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian)
Denizci=seaman
Kak-mak= to direct
(Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up
(Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer
Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this ..
Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first
Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing
Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning)
Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it
Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning)
(Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose)
Han = director- manager-leader
religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin)
Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager
Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant
Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan
Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner
(Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
@Nij Jin My mother is from a village in the Chuy region of Kyrgyzstan where the Yueban settled so I probably have some xiongnu ancestry.
They leave many first name. Some of them are still used in China today and appeared in many novels of China.
The language of Thoeruk people living on the planet W..
(Ou)=U=( it's/ that)
(Mã-u)=(Mu)=Bu= this
(Thë-u)=(Tsu)=Şu= that (şu=~xiou) ..(ts=~th)=θ
(Hë-u)=(Hãu)=O= it (he /she)
(Al /El)=(bearer
/carrier)
(Iz- uz) = S (plural suffix for doubling)
Der/Dar=(der)= diger= other ...(dar)=(nearest to the other)
(Ler/Lar= plural suffixes)
(ɜ:ne)=Eun= Ön= (fore/first) = uno/ one (ilkçe/önce=~firstly)-(önünde/öncesi=~before)-(öncü=pioneer)
(Kendi= own)=(Ka-eun-de-u= which's at fore/which one at first)
(ɜ:z=euz=Öz= self
) (kendisi=own self/ oneself)
in the oldest languages..
(One-this)=(eun-mã-u/ eun-u-mã)=enmo / enuma = me / I am
(One-that)=(eun-u-tsë/ eun-thë-u)=enitë / entu = thou / you
(One-hã)=(eun-hë-u/ eun-u-hë)=enhu /enuh = he
our language
(This one)= Mu-eun= (Men)= Ben= Me
(That one)= Tsu-eun= (xien/thien)= Sen= You
(These ones)= Mu-eun-iz=(miŋiz)=Biz = We
(Those ones)=Tsu-eun-iz=(siŋiz)= Siz =You (Plural)
Ou-ël=Ol =O= it (he /she)
El=someone else (bearer / hand)
(El-der)= Eller= other people
(different persons)
Ou-ël-dar= (Ouldar) =Onlar (The bearer and other-s nearest to it/him)
Ou-eun-dar= (Ondar)=Onlar= They
Dayı=(maternal) uncle
Dayım=my uncle
Dayımlar=my uncle and other ones closest to him=(~my uncle and his family) or (~my uncle and his close friends)
Dayılarım=my uncles
ikiz=(two similar ones) =twin
ikiler =two and other dual ones
üçüz=(three similar ones)=triplet
üçler = three and other triple ones
Men-niŋ=Meniŋ=Benim=My
Sen-niŋ=Seniŋ=Senin=Your
Ou-ël-niŋ=Olniŋ=Onun=his/her/its
Miŋiz-niŋ=Bizniŋ=Bizim=our
Siŋiz-niŋ=Sizniŋ=Sizin=your (Plural)
Ou-ël-dar-niŋ=Oldarnıŋ=Onların=their
Ka=(Qua)= which
U=(ou)= it's (that)
Ka-u=Ki=(Qui)=which that
(Meniŋ-ka-u):=which that my...= benimki=mine
(Seniŋ-ka-u):=which that your = seninki=yours
(Olniŋ-ka-u):=which that his/her/its= onunki= his/hers/itsMak/Mek...(emek)=(exertion process)
Çün=(chun)=factor
Ka=(Qua)= (which)
U=(ou)= it's (that)
(Ka-u)= Ki=(Qui)=which that
(Çün-ka-u)=(factor-which-that) =Çünki =(c'est-pour-quoi)=(that's why)=(therefore)= Because
U-Çün = that Factor İçün=it's for= için=for
Gel-mek= to come (the process of coming)
Gel-mek için = for coming =(the factor to the process of coming)
Görmek için= for seeing
Gitmek için= for going
for deriving new adjectives from verbs
A/e=to
...A/e + U-Çün =It's Factor To ..
suffixes..(Icı-ici-ucu-ücü) (the pronunciation is like ~uji)
(geç-e-u-çün) =it has the factor to pass =Geçici = transient /temporary
(uç-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to fly = Uçucu = volatile
(kal-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to stay = Kalıcı = permanent
(yan-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to burn out = Yanıcı = flammable (yanıcı madde=flammable material)
(bağla-y-a-u-çün) =it has the factor to biind/connect = Bağlayıcı = binding/connective
for deriving new adjectives from nouns and adjectives
Çün=factor (agency /being the agent/element of..)
suffixes.. (Cı-ci-cu-cü) or (Çı-çi-çu-çü) = (jui / tchui )
Yaban-cı = (outsider)=foreign-er
İş-çi= work-er
kapıcı=doorman
demirci=ironsmith
gemici=sailor
deŋizci=seaman
for deriving adjectives from the numbers
U-Ne-Çün =that-what-factor
suffixes..(Ncı-ncu-nci-ncü)
(Bir-u-ne-çün)=Birinci= ~first (initial)
(İki-u-ne-çün)= İkinci= second
(Üç-u-ne-çün)= Üçüncü=third
(Miŋ-u-ne-çün)=Bininci=thousandth
Annemiŋ pişirdiği tavuk çorbası =(Anne-m-niŋ Biş-dir-di-ka-u Tavğuk Şorba-tsu)= the chicken soup which (that belong) my mom cook-ed...
Arkadaşımdan bana gelğen mektubu okudum= (Arkadaş-ım-dan baŋ-a (gel-ka-eun) mektup-u oku-du-m)= I've read the-letter (which-one-comes) from my friend to me
Sen eve giderken = (Sen Ev-e Git-e-er u-ka-en) = (that-which-time You get-to-Go to-Home)= While you go home
Seni gördüğüm yer = (Sen-u Gör-dü-ka-u-m yer) = (which-that-place (belong) I Saw (that) You) = Where I saw you
İşe başlayacağı gün= iş-e başla-y'a-çak-ka-u gün (.Ki o gün işe başlayacak)=(which) the day s/he's gonna start to work
First. Thanks for another interesting video.
What happened to the Xiongnu? Ask the Western Roman Empire
By the way, there was a group called the White Huns who tried to invade India during the reign of the Saka Kings. The Saka Kings are interesting in that they claimed descent from the mythical Scythians. The modern Rajputs too do so
Could you cover them?
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
@@pompacitokmakci I asked for the Scythians and Sarmatians, my old man. Thanks for the reference though. Have a good day
and its mongolian ancestors its hunnu and we write in uygir
Bravo! You are my new fav Asian history channel. Could you cover the migration of the Turks from their Asian origins to the present day Anatolian descendants? And the battle of Talas which was an Asian World War with such diverse peoples fighting each other?
Majority of turks from turkey have nothing in relation in genetic term to real turks from asia
@@Vampybattie That's right but that's undeniably their origin.
@@Vampybattie Majority of ethnic Turks in Anatolia have partial medieval Central Asian Turkic roots. They all have around 20-40% of their ancestry being medieval Central Asian. They are not solely assimilated Native Anatolians, this would mean that they would have identical genetics to modern day Anatolian Greeks, Armenians, Laz or Assyrians which is not the case. The Central Asian heritage makes the difference compared to the native Anatolians. However the eastern black sea coast of Trabzon and it's east is an exception. Those ethnic Turks undeniably have solely Native Pontic ancestry either Greek, Laz, Georgian or Hemshin roots. They are however a small number in contrast to the whole ethnic Turkish population who undeniably does have both Central Asian Turkic roots and Native Anatolian. They mixed with eachother.
Bugün Hun dönemine tarihlenen mezarlardan çıkarılan insanların DNA örnekleri bugünkü Türk halklarına yakın bununla ilgili yapılmış çalışmalar var gidin okuyun ..DNA ,sizi inandırmaya yetmiyorsa Ha bir de Çin kaynakları var ..
The N xiongnu after the defeat by HAN, was driven to the west, towards Europe n became the Huns. After 300+ years, rose Attila the Hun, the terror, the scourge of God in Western Europe. Roman Empire fell at the hands of Attila, small beady eyes, round face n flat nose, still with East Asian look
Iam pretty sure the Roman empire survived after Attila
8:30 what game is that?
Xiongnu were descendants of First Chinese Xia dynasty or Huaxia.
Vietnamese called them Hung Nu
wow I like Chinese history
Will you do Qing?
Eventually.
Cool Bro ... Thanks. Xiong Nu is yellow (黄种人） or caucasian （白种人） ?
Yellow.
@@驰-i5w Thank you
Xiongnu was a mix of both but mostly east eurasian.
@@xanshen9011 Thank you
Ironic how two world’s greatest ancient empires were threaten by the same people.
Hun is the strongest race in history.
The difference is the Hans kicked the Huns out to threaten the Romans, which at that time is already a weakened one I believe. People tend to confuse the Han with Hun. Actually Han is not so much an ethnicity but also a confederation of the subjects under Han rule who called themselves Han to remember the greatness and glory of this dynasty. Before the fall of the Han Dynasty, the concept of Han as an ethnicity did not exist.
@@novrahadi8568 Chinese people (90% of chinese are han people) still here.huns run away.
@@ymhktravelCorrect, foreigners often confuse
Some say 月氏is pronounced as rou zhi
Collisions and trade with the Xiongnu , fierce Turkic-speaking nomads of the north and west, began in the life- time of Confucius.
“The Emergence of an International System in East Asia.” East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World, by WARREN I. COHEN, Columbia University Press, NEW YORK, 2000, pp. 1-61.
which is about the Han Dynasty general Su Wu, who was captured in 100 b.c. while on a diplomatic mission to the Xiongnu , a Turkic clan in central Asia.
“FROM LUN ON AND LUN HOP TO THE GREAT CHINA THEATER, 1922-1925.” Chinatown Opera Theater in North America, by Nancy Yunhwa Rao, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 152-184.
The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu , whose confederation had broken up but a nomadic proto- Mongol people known as the Xianbei, who set up states in Gansu on the west and Hebei and Shandong on the east.
“Reunification in the Buddhist Age.” China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition, by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England, 2006, pp. 72-87.
They aii belong to the Yugus branch of the western Xiongnu group of the Turkic languages, which are part of the Altaic language family.
“The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China.” Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, by JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, University of Washington Press, SEATTLE; LONDON, 1997, pp. 3-23.
Prof. Dr. Nicola Di Cosmo in: The Turks: Early ages, Part 4. Huns (Xiongnu): The Origin and Rise of the Xiongnu Empire, Y. T., 2002, pp.217-227, University of Michigan, ISBN 9756782552, 9789756782552
"There is not much doubt among historians about the Turkish nature of the Great Hun Empire, which ruled between 318 B.C. and 216 A.D., as well as that of its predecessor proto-Huns, whose presence was confirmed by Chinese sources. The Great Hun Empire, the Western Hun Empire and especially the European Huns were examined comprehensively by Western historians."
Land conl icts were also a factor in the frequent clashes from the third century BC onwards between the Chinese Qin and Han Dynasties and the alliance of Turkic nomads, called the Xiongnu people. In the third century BC, the Xiongnu bordered the northwest frontier of Chinese imperial lands, and controlled many of the key trading centers along the land-based routes of the Silk Roads all the way to the Caucasus Mountains.
Barbier, E. (2010). The Rise of Cities (from 3000 BC to 1000 AD). In Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation (pp. 84-156). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781131.004
It was the Hsiung-nu, a Turkic tribe , who first exerted pressure on the Chinese rulers in the north by capturing Lo-yang in 311 and Ch'ang-an in 316. From this period on, north China was under the sway of non- Chinese rulers.
“INITIAL CONTACT AND RESPONSE: BUDDHISM UNDER THE EASTERN CHIN DYNASTY.” Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey, by KENNETH K. S. CH’EN, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1964, pp. 57-93.
The northern one was exposed to war¬ ¬ lurgy (bronze is rarely found in late Lungshan), writ fare and aggression from the Turkic Hsiung-nu , Mon¬ ¬ ing, and excellent art.
“ASIA.” The History and Geography of Human Genes: Abridged Paperback Edition, by L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza et al., Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1994, pp. 195-254.
The proto - Turkic Hsiung - nu were now challenged by other alien groups - proto - Tibetans , proto - Mongol tribes called the Hsien - pi, and seperate proto-Turks called the T’o-pa (Toba).
China's imperial past : an introduction to Chinese history and culture / Charles O. Hucker. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press, 1975.
The Xiongnu became politically dominant in the steppes around 300
BC, and although the linguistic affiliation of the Xiongnu proper is still a matter of dispute, their political confederation certainly contained a significant Turkic component. By both ethnohistorical and linguistic considerations this component may in the first place be identified with the Bulgharic (Bulghar Turkic) branch of Turkic, today represented by the Chuvash language in the Volga region.
The Turkic component of the Xiongnu is, however, unambiguously signalled by a number of Bulgharic loanwords in Proto-Samoyedic.
Review: J. Janhunen (ed.),The Mongolic languages, London, New York : Routledge, 2003
An earlier date for the separation of proto-Turkic, preceding 209 BC would support the identification of Xiongnu language with proto-Bulgharic or one of its subgroups, while a later date of separation would make its association with proto-Turkic more plausible.
Alexander Savelyev, Martine Robbeets, Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2020
Xiongnu (Pre-Proto-Bulgharic, in Mongolia).
Mongolian Vowel Harmony in a Eurasian Context
In: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics Authors: Ian G. Barrere 1 and Juha A. Janhunen University of Helsinki Online Publication Date: 18 Jun 2019
As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE.
Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations.
The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise).
Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17.
👍 good video
vietnamese word for them are hung no ( hung for xiong and no for nu ) while the hun ( the one terror europe ) are call hung are the hun in europe call by chinese xiong or entire new name ?
In ancient Chinese, it is pronounced as hung
turn on subtitles!
- Han Vs Xiongnu finishes in the Xiongnu becoming... Huns!
- Perfect!!!!! (Oversimplifying the content of the video but perfect!)
Han Chinese has lots of patience and perseverance. That passes from generation to generation. Just take a look at the Great Wall they built.😮😮
the jie who led that han zhao state were totally wiped out, reminds me that another chinese steppe people worth covering would be the dzunghars
Lol, don't lie. The Dzunghars are Mongols who ruled modern day, XinJiang & Kazakhstan, they still exist
@@hyltoniali257 yes, I know that, but the jie are gone. I didn't say the dzungars were too, although they were massacred, I just said I'm reminded of them.
Jie people found later Zhao, Han zhao was founded by Xiongnu.
@Edmund Chin Dzungar’s genocide happened and completed during emperor Qianlong’s reign. During Kangxi era they lost their greatest ruler Galdan Boshugtu Khan, but they are far from finished at that time.
When Turkic-speaking Tabghatch conquered China in 386 ce and ruled her for nearly 200 years, they, being minority rulers, elected to take up Chinese writing system and language as the official means of communication with its subject population. They also ended up adopting the writing system to script the Turkic language for their Turkic population resulting into a Xianbei National Language (xnl). This work describes 7 cases of Turkic-rooted Sinitic functional expressions, all featuring the word 的 [d-], supported with historical citations in Chinese documents, believed to be cultural continua of the xnl:
The desire or the need of Tabghatch people to speak and write Turkic language was made clear in the Turkic military tutorial materials categorized as Xianbei Guoyu 鮮卑國語, or the Xianbei National Language (xnl) as documented in official history books (Shiratori 1923). Since there were no known Turkic scripts in the 5th century and Tabghatch were rulers of China of foreign origin, xnl was destined to be scripted in Chinese characters just like the Mongols had done in the Secret History of the Mongols. We shall refer to the Turkic expressions phonetically spelled in Chinese characters of the 5th century as xnl.
After Tabghatch conquered Chinese, many Chinese actually learned Turkic and became bilinguals mainly to help their own bureaucratic standing and career advancement. There must be plenty of Turkic-Chinese bilinguals at that time. It would not be surprising that these bilinguals, well versed in both Chinese and Turkic, help make selection of the Turkic-bound Chinese characters so that they would be sensitive to Chinese culture and tradition and avoided un-intended semantic distractions.
brill.com/view/journals/jlc/9/3/article-p436_2.xml?language=en
On emploie en général le terme de « ProtoTurcs » pour désigner plusieurs confédérations nomades qui se sont formées en haute Asie (Xiongnu, Tabghatchs ou Tuoba) avant la formation de l'empire des Tujue (vie-viiie s.).
www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Turcs/147681
Then why does Turkic Uyghur need independence. Since they have had a close cultural relationship with the Chinese people a long time ago
Xianbei and the Tuoba clan were mostly certainly proto-Mongols, descendants of Donghu who lived in northern Manchuria
@@larshofler8298 Generally Xianbei tribes are considered Turkic. Only Khitans are considered proto-Mongol.
@@ericlai1659 it’s only the terrorists and the west who want a new country
@@larshofler8298 No thats a lie, Xiongu is a turkic tribe
Can you cover the Jiankun/Gekun please?
Next on tibetan empire 👍👍
Most of them stayed where they were
I want a wall poster of that map. Good historical maps of northern central Asia are hard to find.
🙌🏼👏🏼
HUNNU(XIONGNU) is first MONGOLIAN EMPIRE
Are the Yuezhi somehow related to the Yue?
没有任何关系，只是英文拼写相似，在中文里完全不同。
The correct pronunciation of yuezhi is rouzhi, and the author made a small mistake. yue is an indigenous ethnic group in southern China
They were Turkic origin who spoke R-Turkic
Whatever unrelated to you😂
月氏 is pronounced Rouzhi, much like the Uyghur name Roza(肉孜) not Yuezi
This is actually being disputed by scholars.
@@CoolHistoryBros 月氏is pronounced Yuezhi, you are right,not rouzhi
Euezhi,, mean, alaincce,, in pushto,, bagtor Bator mean brave toraman mean a brave mane with sword', Lui mean Great,, Attila mean strong hero, Abdalo mean Abdali pushtoon tribe, Tor mean black, spetha in speen mean white, az or as mean horse, chin shin mean Green,
The northern Xiongnu moved to the west and conquered Europe as Huns under the leadership of Attila. They later became the proto-Bulgarians.
XIONGU 🇰🇬🇦🇿🇹🇷🇺🇿🇭🇺🇰🇿🇹🇲 HUN , GÖKTÜRK, OTTOMAN , TIMURIDS , KARAHAN, SELJUK, SAFAVID, GHAZNAVID, DELHI SULTANATE, AVAR ,..... Are all turkic
Mughal were turkic but Delhi sultanate were arabs and huns are not turk stop stealing group lol
@@Vampybattie
Delhi and Huns are Turk people.
khalji delhi tribe
COPİED
"Jalal-ud-din Khilji was the founder of Khilji Dynasty (Khalji Dynasty) in 1290 AD. Khilji Dynasty was the second to rule “The Delhi Sultanate”. The Khiljis were one of the clans of the Turks. The rule of Khilji Dynasty has reached the power and influence of Delhi Sultanate to its peak. The Khilji’s were marked by wars and internal conflicts."
www.ancient-civilizations.com/khilji-dynasty/
Timur is 100% MONGOL his from Barlas tribe
Except Hun. Also flag of Hungary. Are you just posting random things?
@@hannibalbarca2928 Of course, this is false as well.
Uprising of the Five Barbarians;
The Southern Xiongnu that splits from the Greater Xiongnu,
The Xianbei that inherit the Greater Donghu,
The Turkic Jie from the Yenisei rivers in Siberia,
The Tibeto-Burman Qiang along the Qinghai, and followed by the Gansu Di people.
Do you have any idea of the groups that join the Huns on their way to Europe? This is shocking.
Kings and Generals has a video called: "Huns: The Origin"
Mostly iranic and germanic tribes such as the alans and goths became a part of the confederacy. And maybe some finno ugric tribes like the magyars.
Is now certain Xiongnu and Huns same?
maybe Xiongnu--mix-→European≈Huns i guess.
Yes
As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE.
Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations.
The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise).
Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17.
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.
Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122.
"The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18).
Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns.
To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown.
Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences.
- Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b
translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
*Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).
Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.
Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176.
History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99
Book of Zhou, vol. 50
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005)
Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu"
Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants."
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon.
The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea]
At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army.
[...]
The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands.
The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground.
- Suishu, 84
Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
why not discuss wang mang ... was he good guy or bad guy ... and then yue fei was he good or bad guy .. you must be aware of these two controversial issues ... wang mang was actually good.. and yue fei was actually a usurper... maybe feature them when you have gathered enough facts and fictions ^^
Xiongnu were proto turkic
Why Mongol was better than Xiongnu/Huns although it was same theMounted Archer Tribe?
The answer was technology..
Imagine how if Xiongnu Army equipped with Roman Ballista/Catapult.. it would be the same as Mongols invade Europe with Chinese Ballista/catapult and Fire Rocket/Gunpowder lol
so are Huns mongolians or turkish?
Mongolian
@@Orgil. and Turk. Like The Mongolian Empire they became a multi ethnic entity. Gauls were Hun towards the end. Hence Hunnu, a universality of peoples. In origin I think they were a blend of Turk North East Siberians and Asian herders. Herding culture drawing them closer than physical appearance
I guess the Xionghu could win battles but not the long war of attrition.
The only thing I know about the war of the 8 princes are from the total war game and from Cody Bonds video on that subject. Can't wait to see the next video!
would you like to talk about Russia(罗刹) and Persia(波斯)'s history one day?
the names are soo wrong you should use the native names like hunnu or nirun or sumbe, if we mongols use our naming policy on china it qould confuse the fk out
As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE.
Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations.
The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise).
Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17.
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.
Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122.
"The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18).
Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns.
To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown.
Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences.
- Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b
translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
*Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).
Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.
Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176.
History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99
Book of Zhou, vol. 50
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005)
Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu"
Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants."
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon.
The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea]
At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army.
[...]
The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands.
The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground.
- Suishu, 84
Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
More evidence they moved West, the progression of ripening grasses on the steppes. Too bad more of their art hasn't survived.
Would it be possible to bring a Turkic or Mongolian scholar to talk about these groups? I notice you use mandarin pronunciations and names when speaking about these groups. I wonder if the Mongolic or Turkic pronunciations are closer to the original, and might be from a more non-Chinese centered perspective.
lol, they didn't have a writing system yet back then. these "Turkic or Mongolian scholars" would have to learn chinese first to study about xiongnu.
In mongolian language, the word Hun means human.
There is story about why ancient Chinese named those nomadic people Xiongnu or Hun.
A Chinese man met with a nomadic person who is riding horse. And asked from the nomad: Who are you? The nomadic horse man pointed his ride and said horse and pointed himself and said hun.
Since that Chinese people named those horse men as Hunnu or Xiongnu. Second, during the era of Mongols, in the invitation letter from Chingis Khaan to the greatest Daoist monk Chanchun, Chingis Khaan mentioned himself as descendent of Huns.
Third, if you study the flag of Mongol Empire’s Yuan dynasty and the flag of Hun Empire, the flags are same because mongols considered themselves as descendants of Huns.
As this time depth coincides with the beginning of the Xiongnu empire (209 BCE-100 CE), the association of Xiongnu with Proto-Bulgharic does not seem unreasonable. However, given the relatively large credible interval involved in the Bayesian dating, the breakup of proto-Turkic may also be connected with the first disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation under influence of the military successes of the Chinese in 127-119 BCE (Mudrak 2009). In sum, the time depth of the breakup of Proto-Turkic can be estimated between 500 BCE and 100 CE.
Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Bayesian phylolinguistics reveals the internal structure of the Transeurasian family, Journal of Language Evolution, Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2018
The language of the European Huns is sometimes referred to as a Bulghar Turkic variety in general linguistic literature, but caution is needed in establishing its affiliations.
The predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic (Late Proto-Turkic, to be more precise).
Cite this article: Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17.
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.
Vaissière, Etienne de la (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephthalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 122.
"The Huns are beyond doubt the political and ethnic inheritors of the old Xiongnu empire" in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-155 (7-18).
Neparáczki et al. 2019, p. 1. "Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns.
To the north of the Xiongnu empire and Dingling territories, at the headwaters of the Yenisei around Tannu Uriankhai, lived the Gekun (鬲昆), also known as the Yenisei Kirghizin later records. Further to the west near the Irtysh river lived the Hujie (呼揭). Other tribes living of the Xiongnu, such as the Hunyu (浑庾), Qushe (屈射), and Xinli (薪犁), were only mentioned once in Chinese records, and their exact location is unknown.
Gaoju, apparently, are the remaining branch of the ancient Chidi. Originally they were called "Dili", in the north they are called "Chile", and in China - "Gaoju Dinglings", i.e. High Carts Dinglings. Their language is generally similar to the Xiongnu, but sometimes there are small differences.
- Book of Wei
Wei Shou (魏收). Book of Wei (History of Northern Wei Dynasty). Peking, Bo-na, 1958, pp. 26a-26b
translation by Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of nomadic tribes in China 3rd-5th cc", Issue 2 "Jie", "Science", Moscow, 1990, p. 168, Note 158, ISBN 5-02-016543-3
The Gaoche are probably remnants of the ancient Red Di. Initially they had been called Dili. Northerners take them as Chile. Chinese take them as Gaoche Dingling. Their language, in brief, and Xiongnu [language] are the same yet occasionally there are small differences. Or one may say that they [Gaoche] are the junior relatives[18] of the Xiongnu in former times.
The Gaoche migrate in search of grass and water. They dress in skins and eat meat. Their cattle and sheep are just like those of the Rouran, but the wheel of their carts are high and have very many spokes.
- Weishu, 103
The predecessors of Huihe were Xiongnu. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. They were also called Gaoche during the Yuan Wei times, or also called Chile, mistakenly rendered as Tiele.
- Xin Tangshu, 232
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu”
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.
Weishu, Vol. 102 "其風俗言語與高車同，而其人清潔於胡。俗剪髮齊眉，以醍醐塗之，昱昱然光澤，日三澡漱，然後飲食。"
*Kyzlasov, L . R. (1 January 1996). "Northern Nomads". In Litvinsky, B. A. (ed.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 310-320. ISBN 9231032119.
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).
Peter B. Golden (1992). "Chapter VI - The Uyğur Qağante (742-840)". An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties and the Book of Zhou, an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.
Craig Benjamin (2007, 49), In: Hyun Jin Kim, The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2013. page 176.
History of Northern Dynasties, vol. 99
Book of Zhou, vol. 50
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
New Book of Tang, vol. 215 upper. "突厥阿史那氏, 蓋古匈奴北部也." "The Ashina family of the Turk probably were the northern tribes of the ancient Xiongnu." translated by Xu (2005)
Old Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu"
Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are Xiongnu's descendants."
Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. (in Chinese)
Li Yanshou (李延寿), History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. (in Chinese)
舊五代史 Jiu Wudai Shi, Chapter 138. Original text: 回鶻，其先匈奴之種也。後魏時，號爲鐵勒，亦名回紇。唐元和四年，本國可汗遣使上言，改爲回鶻，義取迴旋搏擊，如鶻之迅捷也。 Translation: Hui Hu [Uyghur], originally of Xiongnu stock. During Later Wei, they were called Tiele. They were also called Hui He. In the fourth year of the Yuanhe era, the Khan of their country sent an envoy to submit a request, and the name was changed to Hui Hu. It takes its meaning from turning round to strike rapidly like a falcon.
The forebears of the Tiele belonged to those Xiongnu descendants, having the largest divisions of tribes. They occupied the valleys, and were scattered across the vast region west of the Western Sea [Black Sea]
At the area north of the Duluo River, are the Bugu (僕骨), Tongluo (同羅), Weihe (韋紇),[17] Bayegu (拔也古), Fuluo (覆羅), which were all called Sijin (Irkin). Other tribes such as Mengchen (蒙陳), Turuhe (吐如紇), Sijie (斯結),[a] Hun (渾), Hu (斛), Xue (薛) (or Huxue) and so forth, also dwelled in this area. They had a 20,000 strong invincible army.
[...]
The names of these tribes differ, but all of them can be classified as Tiele. The Tiele do not have a master, but are subjected to the both Eastern and Western Tujue (Göktürks) respectively. They don't have a permanent residence, and move with the changes of grass and water. Their main characteristics are, firstly, they possessed great ferocity, and yet showed tolerance; secondly, they were good riders and archers; and thirdly, they showed greed without restraint, for they often made their living by looting. The tribes toward the west were more cultivated, for they bred cattle and sheep, but fewer horses. Since the Tujue had established a state, they were recruited as the auxiliary of empire and conquered both east and westward, annexing all of the northern regional lands.
The customs of the Tiele and Tujue are not much different. However, a man of the Tiele lives in his wife's home after marriage and will not return to his own home with his wife until the birth of a child. In addition, the Tiele also bury their dead under the ground.
- Suishu, 84
Agathias calls them Onogur Huns (3.5.6, Frendo (1975), 72).
HAN and HUN
Everyone used to call themselves Han lol even Vietnamese
Hun= Khun=Sun
Demir=Temür=iron (ferroum)
Çün=(chun)=factor (agency /being agent of..)
Demirci=Temurçi= ironsmith (temuçin= mongolian)
Deńiz= Thengiz= Sea ( tchengis= mongolian)
Denizci=seaman
Kak-mak= to direct
(Yukarı Kalk) Yukarı Kak= (direct (yourself) up) =Get up
(Kak-der-mak) Kaktırmak= to steer
Bunu Kaktır= steer this ...(Bunu Kalktır)=Bunu Kaldır=lift/remove this ..
Ka=(Qua)= which Ön=(eun)= one =fore/ first
Kakğan= Kak-kan=(kak-ka-eun)= ( which one directs )= Who's directing
Kakğan=Kağan=Hakan=Hahan=Khan=Han (All of them are the same meaning)
Kak-ak = which thing to direct it = what to steer it
Kakak= Gagak=Gaga (All of them are the same meaning)
(Kuş'nuŋ Gagağı) Kuşun Gagası = ( the router of bird ) the beak of bird=(it's not bird's mouth or nose)
Han = director- manager-leader
religious leader=Kohen (who directs us about the future events=Kahin)
Kağ-man= kaoman=kaman=Xaman=Haman=the religious manager
Han Kul'u = The servant of emperor =public servant
Yaban = out of center =Jaban=Japan
Yabancı = the outer of center= outsider=foreigner
(Yaban Halk)=Japon halkı=Japan People=off-center people (just by us) but (2.hun=ni-fun)Nippon people for the Japanese
12:10 They are Turkic not unknown
Which finalli brought to a close the long history of the Turkic-speaking Hephthalites.
(History of Civilizations of Central Asia-Unesco)
The author of the kludüd al-'Alam too asserts that the Qarluq and the Kanjina Turks were the remnants of the Ephtalites. "
Chavannes, Documents . . p. 223.
Syriac sources, e. g., the Chronicle of Seert, designate the Eph- talites as `Turks'. Thus, the Ephtalites, besides being called Huns, a name generally giyen to Turkish peoples, were also called Turks not only by the Moslem, or the Islamic sources, but also by some Syriac authors.
Frye p. 205.
Al-Khwarizmi asserted that Khalajes were one of the two remnant tribes of the Hephthalites.
Inaba, Minoru. "The Identity of the Turkish Rulers to the South of Hindukush from the 7th to the 9th Centuries A.D." (2006). Zinbun, 38: 1-19. p. 15-16
Kurbanov A.D., "Hephthalites: (essays on history)", St. Petersburg, European House, 2006, ISBN 5-8015-0203-3; PhD thesis
Based on Zemarcos’ Syriac chronicle, Khalaj speakers are the remnants of the Hephthalites, who were a Turkic people. According to historic records, the Khalajes lived in Zabulistan, present day Afghanistan, and ruled as Zunbils.
be of interest that according to Theophanes of Byzantium, who calls Aqshunvar by the name Ephthalantos, it was from this sovereign that the Ephtalites got their name.
The Kushan kingdom fell in its turn to the Turks , who established a khanate in Sogdiana during the fifth century.
“Central Asia-Turkestan.” Journeys through the Russian Empire: The Photographic Legacy of Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, by WILLIAM CRAFT BRUMFIELD, Duke University Press, DURHAM; LONDON, 2020, pp. 413-472.
However, in more recent times the theory that they spoke a Turkish language has
gained trac-tion.
Other scholars such as de la Vaissière, based on a recent reappraisal of the Chinese sources, suggest that the Hephthalites were initially of Turkic origin, and later adopted the Bactrian language, first for administrative purposes, and possibly later as a native language; according to Rezakhani (2017), this thesis is seemingly the "most prominent at present".[59][60][61]
[59] Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 135. ISBN 9781474400305. The suggestion that the Hephthalites were originally of Turkic origin and only later adopted Bactrian as their administrative, and possibly native, language (de la Vaissière 2007: 122) seems to be most prominent at present.
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.
DE LA VAISSIÈRE, ÉTIENNE. “Is There a ‘Nationality of the Hephtalites’?” Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 17, 2003, pp. 119-132.
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu"
[d] La Vaissière (2012: 144-150) pointed out that "[a] recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as 'king of the Oglar Huns.'" (βαγο ογλαρ(γ)ο - υονανο).[69][70] See the seal and this reading of the inscription in Hans Bakker (2020: 13, note 17), referencing from Sim-Williams (2011: 72-74).[71] "Oglar" is thought to derive from the Turk oǧul-lar > oǧlar "sons; princes" plus an Iranian adjective suffix -g.[72]Alternatively, and less likely, "Oglarg" could correspond to "Walkon", and thus the Alchon Huns, although the seal is closer to Kidarites coin types.[72] Another seal found in the Kashmir reads "ολαρ(γ)ο" (seal AA2.3).[71] The Kashmir seal was published by Grenet, Ur-Rahman, and Sims-Williams (2006:125-127) who compared ολαργο Ularg on the seal to the ethnonym οιλαργανο "people of Wilarg" attested in a Bactrian document written in 629 CE.[73] The style of the sealings is related to the Kidarites, and the title "Kushanshah" is known to have disappeared with the Kidarites.[74]
The earliest Chinese source on this encounter, the near-contemporary chronicles of the Northern Wei (Weishu) as quoted in the later Tongdian, reports that they migrated southward from the Altai region circa 360 CE:
The Hephthalites are a branch of the Gaoju (高車, "High Carts") or the Da Yuezhi, they originated from the north of the Chinese frontier and came down south from the Jinshan (Altai) mountains [...] This was 80 to 90 years before Emperor Wen(r. 440-465 CE) of the Northern Wei (i.e. circa 360 CE)
嚈噠國，或云高車之別種，或云大月氏之別種。其原出於塞北。自金山而南。[...] 至後魏 文帝時已八九十年矣
- Extract of the Weishuchronicles as copied in Tongdian.[96]
The Gaoju (高車 lit. "High Cart"), also known as Tiele,[97] were early Turkic speakers related to the earlier Dingling,[98][99] who were once conquered by the Xiongnu.[100][101] Weishualso mentioned the linguistic and ethnic proximity between the Gaoju and the Xiongnu.[102] La Vaissière proposes that the Hephthalites had originally been one Oghuric-speaking tribe who belonged the Gaoju/Tiele confederation.[103][104][105] This and several later Chinese chronicles also report that the Hephthalites may have originated from the Da Yuezhi, probably because of their settlement in the former Da Yuezhi territory of Bactria.[89]Later Chinese sources become quite confused about the origins of the Hephthalites, and this may be due to their progressive assimilation of Bactrian culture and language once they settled there.[106]
Overall, de la Vaissière considers that the Hephthalites were part of the great Hunnic migrations of the 4th century CE from the Altai region that also reached Europe and that these Huns "were the political, and partly cultural, heirs, of the Xiongnu".[81]
Joseph T. Arlinghaus referred to a Syriac chronicle from c. 555 CE, which mentions Khulas, Abdel, and Ephthalite as three of the nomadic tribes from the "lands of the Huns."
A recently published seal gives the title of a fifth-century lord of Samarkand as “king of the Oglar Huns." in Vaissière, Etienne de la (212). Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity: 5 Central Asia and the Silk Road. Oxford University Press. pp. 144-150.
1. M. A. Shaban, "Khurasan at the Time of the Arab Conquest", in Iran and Islam, in memory of Vlademir Minorsky, Edinburgh University Press, (1971), p481; ISBN 0-85224-200-X.
2. ^ David Christian A History of Russia, Inner Asia and Mongolia (Oxford: Basil Blackwell) 1998 p248
3. ^ KURBANOV, AYDOGDY (2010). THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS (PDF). Berlin: Berlin Freie Universität. p. 14.
4. ^ Adas, Michael (2001). Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History. Temple University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-56639-832-9.
5. ^ Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-83860-868-2.
6. ^ Talbot, Tamara Abelson Rice (Mrs David (1965). Ancient arts of Central Asia.
7. Thames and Hudson. p. 93.
The Hephthalites were apparently part of, or offshoots of, people known in India as Hunas or Turushkas,[30]
At the beginning of the 5th century, the White Huns - known to the Greeks as the Heph¬thalites and to the In¬dians as the Turu¬shkas - took most of the former Kushan territories from the Sassanids, including Afghanistan.
Andre Wink, Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol.1, (Brill, 1996), 115;""The Zunbils of the early Islamic period and the Kabulshahs were almost certainly epigoni of the southern-Hephthalite rulers of Zabul."
Zunbil, also written as Zhunbil, was a royal dynasty south of the Hindu Kush in present southern Afghanistan region. They ruled from the early 7th century until the Saffarid conquest in 870 AD.[2] The Zunbil dynasty was founded by Rutbil (Turkic: Iltäbär), the elder brother of the Turk Shahi Tegin Shah, who ruled over a Khalaj Turk-Hephthalite kingdom from his capital in Kabul.[3][4][5] The Zunbils are described as having Turkish troops in their service by Arabic sources like Tarikh al-Tabariand Tarikh-i Sistan.[6]
Wron as panturk usual.
Always the turkified ones the most loud at claiming nomadic history
"Like wack-a-mole, but bloodier"
Subtitle please
I do find it interesting that he has full series on Han and Tang, but he loosely covers Jin. I think a full deep dive series for Jin would be really cool to see. Similar in length to the 3 Kingdoms video
and so did turkey
Biggest amount of Hun descendants still live in North West India not in Hungary.
No, those are mongolians
👍👍👍
Xiongnu = Hunnu .
Mongolian