Combined Effect of Drug | Synergistic Effect | Additive Effect | Superaadditive Effect of Drugs
Вставка
- Опубліковано 8 січ 2019
- Download "Solution Pharmacy" Mobile App to Get All Uploaded Notes, Model Question Papers, Answer Papers, Online Test and other GPAT Materials - play.google.com/store/apps/de...
Synergism comes from the Greek word "synergies" meaning working together. It refers to the interaction between two or more "things" when the combined effect is greater than if you added the "things" on their own
In toxicology, synergism refers to the effect caused when exposure to two or more chemicals at as time results in health effects that are greater than the sum of the effects of the individual chemicals.
Additive Effect - This action occurs when the combined effect of two or more chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of each agent given alone, they do not interact in a direct way for example:
2 + 2 = 4
This effect is the most common when two chemicals are given together.
Potentiation - This effect results when one substance that does not normally have a toxic effect is added to another chemical, it makes the second chemical much more toxic; for example:
Antagonism - Antagonism is the opposite of synergism. It is the situation where the combined effect of two or more compounds is less toxic than the individual effects; for example:
Antagonistic effects are the basis of many antidotes for poisonings or for medical treatments. For example, ethyl alcohol (ethanol) can antagonize the toxic effects of methyl alcohol (methanol) by displacing it from the enzyme that oxidizes the methanol
In comparison, a synergistic effect is a situation where the combined effect of two chemicals is much greater than the sum of the effects of each agent given alone, for example:
There are various examples including:
(a) Carbon tetrachloride and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) are individually toxic to the liver, but together they produce much liver injury than the sum of their individual effects on the liver.
(b) The much higher incidence of lung cancer resulting from occupational exposure to asbestos in smokers (compared to exposed non-smokers).
(c) The toxicity of some insecticides notably pyrethrin (from chrysanthemums) and synthetic pyrethrins (pyrethroids) can be increased many times by the addition of compounds which themselves are not insecticides.
(d) Barbiturate drugs have a greater effect on the central nervous system (CNS) by causing CNS depression when taken with general anaesthetics, alcohol (acute consumption) narcotic analgesic (pain reliever) and other sedative-hypnotic drugs.
Get in touch with the solution by just clicking the following links-
Facebook Page- / pharmavideo
Facebook Group- / solutionpharamcy
Instagram- / solutionpharmacy
Mail Us for Free Pharmacology Materials- solutionpharmacy@gmail.com
LinkedIn- / pushpendrakpatel
Your simplest way of explaining make you an ideal teacher ❤️❤️.
Thank you so much
Thank you so much sir. I'm watching your all videos stepwise. Your way of expression is out of the world. God bless you sir. 💐
Thank you so much
Right
Sir asp ne to pure kd tripathi book samjadi or o be simple language me dil se shukriya sirji🙏🙏🙏🙏❤❤ lots of love solution Pharmacy
Thank you so much for your feedback
Very helpfull for me.... Jazakallah 😇
Thankyou very much sir for this helping video.. 😇
Sir you are doing the job which is better than all profession .... thankyou so much for educating the students without any demand..
Thank you so much. Its my pleasure to serve students
@@solutionpharmacy ok
Nice way to make us understand all this
Thanks sir this video is very helpful for pharma students. .
Nice effort to explain lucidly. Easily understandable. Thank you for sharing. Keep up making such presentations
Thank you
Nyc sir,,sub samjhe aayaa,,, thanku so much sir,,
Great and simple way of explanation.
Thank you so much sir... Allah bless you sir
I am starting watch your video very helpful and i want to say .... Great teacher
Thanks and welcome
Thank you dewta aese hi continue bnaese video
Sir apke explain krne ka tarika bhaut accha h
Iram jahan Thank you so much
I'm learning more thing bcz of u sir, thank you very much sir,
plz make more videos
Muzahid Shaikh thank you so much. I promiss you i will give my all knowledge to you all in my best possible way.
Very much helpful sir.
thanks 😊 for making this topic so simple...👩⚕️
Purnima Gupta My pleasure
Best video for these terms
Sir your great explanation bcz your make hard to easy ... my every problem of solutions releted to pharma only your lecture thanx sir 😍😍
Most welcome. Its my pleasure
Thank you so much for making the topic soo easy to understand 👍
Mybpleasure. Thank you
It is very good for understanding..thank u sir
Thank you
The way of your explanation is best sir.. Thanks very much for your efforts..
My pleasure. Thank you for your valuable feedback
Sir ek hi toh dil h... Kitne baar jitoge ♥️♥️😍😍
Mujhe to aap sabke dil me hi rahna hai
You made pharma easy. You are savior.
Thank you
Thank you sir for helping us
God bless you ❤️
Thank you
Pharmacology bhut simple lgri h apke lecture study krne ke baad 😊 thank u sir
Thank you so much. Meri kosis hi yahi hai ki is tough subject ko easy banaya jaae
@@solutionpharmacy 💜💜💜
Nice And an Informative vdo for my pharmacy knowledge
Sandip Ratilal Chaudhari thank you
Very good lecture sir
Thank you sir ...for making vedios and supporting us🙋🙋🙋
dhurvendra gaur its my pleasure. I love to do somthing for my students and all others.
Thank you sir 🙏
We are totally dependent on your lectures sir please understand the concept with diagram or any animation video that would make more interesting to understand the whole concept..
You can find animation in playlist and diagram on facebook group
Thank you very much 😊☺️☺️🙏🏻❤️❤️
My pleasure
thank u so much sir🤩
very great sir
Thank you so much sir it is very helpful for me
Thank you
Aap achche se smjate h thanks sir iam waiting for next video
Muskan Rai thank you. I have already uploaded all videos
Thank you sir I am watching your all videos by step
Thank you so much
Thanks u sir. Great lecture
Thank you
Thanks you so much sir.... It's very beneficial for me.... And your way of teaching is awesome
Thanks alot sir
@@solutionpharmacy always welcome sir
Very good teaching sir thank you so much sir 🙏🙏
My pleasure. Thank you
Sir ,you are doing great.Sir can you add practice of those questions in your pharmacology lectures that is important for next exam mbbs
Thanku so much sir for ur such effort ..really I get found of ur vedio making me curious to know more about p'cology that continuously following ur lecture vedio never feeled me bore on ....feeling all enthusiastic one to start up my study ..,thank sir
Thanks alot for your support and motivation.
Sir I have Android phone doesn't have system to download the PDF bt I need it will u plz send the PDF notes on my mail id
Sorry we can not send via mail. You can take help of your friends
Sir before that mujhe pharmacology tuff lagti thi but aapke lecture dekhne ke baad sb acche se samajh aata hai
Thankyou sir..
Akash Mishra Great. Meri kosis yahi rahti hai ki sab achhe se samjh sake
@@solutionpharmacy 🙏🙏🙏
Very nice sir.please keep it up.God bless u and ur team .
Thank you so much
Thank you very much ...
Most welcome
Excellent sir...thanks
My pleasure.
Thanks sir
Excellent Sir
Thank you sir for making such wonderful video and I hope u will make some other subject videos too
Thank you. Completed cology, started micro then will start another
Your way of teaching is amazing sir
Thank you so much
Thank u sir
Your teaching is very good 🙂
Thank you
It is very helpful sir tqu
Thank you
Thanks sir, i wish it could be more simple with more diagrams and signs...... Its just an opinion, your work is great
Thanks alot. I too love diagrams. In my vidoes 70% are having diagram.
Very useful for me sir,👍
Thank you. Please download our app from play store - play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.bolton.nqilv
Great gob sir ji 👍👍🤗🤗🤗🤗❤️❤️
Thank you
Thanks a lot sir....I was really worried about pharmacology but your explaination makes me understand Pharmacology...I m followin K D Tripathi..plzzz sir make more videos In pharmacolgy..Always be greaful to you...🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Nilanjana Dutta Thanks alot dor your feedback. We have more than 650 videos. I have already finished cology -1 and 2. Please have a look.
@@solutionpharmacy sure sir i will see all your videos....I am looking for the Topics which are covered in my class..day by day all the topics will cover and ur videos will help me to understand..🙏🙏🙏
Great job sir you teaching method is awesome ♥
Thank you so much
You are welcome sir ♥
Plz why we can gave the piracetamol and disprin to gather it must by devid does
Sir aap ka Jo samjha ne ka trika very good morning ❤❤
Thank you so much
You are great sir
Mazhar Hussain Thank you for your love and support
Great work 👏
Thank you
Very useful video ....
Thank you
Great work sir
Arzoo Sanjwal thank you so much
Thank you sir 👍
Welcome
Excellent further teaching .. sir it will be Very helpfulle in my upcoming gpat exams .. if possible cover more chapter till January 2k20 .. I will ready to any kind of support sir .. thanku ..
Amisha Pandey Thanks alot. Yes i wil upload many more video. You may support us by sharing with your friends. Thanks.
@@solutionpharmacy Sir .. in my clg everyone appreciated your hard working..
I am also preparing for gpat 2020... Best of luck for upcoming exam gpat 2020
Thank you so much sir!
Most welcome
Good presentation sir
jinesh bhandari Thank you
amazing sir, but one suggestion can u plz give those animations or reference videos u tell about in the I button during leacture
Those are available as playlist in our channel
Thankyou sir love you 😘😘😍
Nice information sir
Thank you
very good Sir !
Thank you
Thank you sir..Allah bless
Shukriya
Good Job And Thanks For Awareness Hii I Am Dr. Mudassir Khan Consultant Psychiatrist From Pakistan (Islamabad)
Wonderful lecture sir 🔥🔥🔥
Thank you so much
Very helpful during last minute preparation 😊😅
Thank you
Thanku sir for easily language 🙏
Welcome
Nice
If in additive effect the total effect will be same as the individual effect of drugs so does it means it is okay if we prescribe any one of the drug to patient?? E.g. both aspirin and paracetamol don't need to be prescribed but just any one of them?? Kindly clear my confusion. Thank you
Good information sir
Thank you
Hii sir ji mera b pharmacy ka 1st year. H to muje nhi pta konsi konsi book hoti h to aap bta skte ho kya sir ji konsi books padni hoti h 1st semester m or 1st samaster k all video kha milenge ye bta dijiye please sir tell me 🙏🙏🙏
Thankuu so much sir
My pleasure
Tq sir
Good
Best explain ❤❤
Thanks
Sir there is a statement in kdt that in super addition one drug is individually produce no effect .
And in example we have cotrimaxozole in which both component are active individually.
Sir please explain treatment of Overdigitalization
Very nice sir
Rohit Patil Thank you
Outstanding
Thank you
Thank u so much sir ❤️❤️
My pleasure
nice sir g,👌👌
Thank you
Thanks Sir
🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Nice sir..
Thank you
Sir apne mera dil jeet Liya esa understanding kiya
Thank you so much.
Solution- Pharmacy sir pdf or send kardo
Pci syllabus 2,3,4,5 unit send kar do please pharmacology ki pdf
RAM KUMAR Sorry but not available at the moment. All notes are available in our group only. Sare notes wahi hai uske alawa nahi hai abhi.
Sir can you please tell us about the concept of potentiation in supraadditive drugs
This is not common for all and depends on drug
Sir it's amazing... U r really legend... But plz tell me, can I go thru ua videos only or there is need to study book as well??
If you watch our videos honestly then you need not to go for books (Except GPAT)
@@solutionpharmacy Thanks Sir thanks a lot!!
Sir kindly explain what is agonist activity ? And what is the synergistic effect of drug perindopril and Amlodipine.
OSAMA AFZAL Its a topic here we cant explain such other part. Please visit hypertension
Great sir ..
Thank you
Awesome
Thank you